1
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Neale Q, Prefontaine A, Battellino T, Mizero B, Yeung D, Spicer V, Budisa N, Perreault H, Zahedi RP, Krokhin OV. Compendium of Chromatographic Behavior of Post-translationally and Chemically Modified Peptides in Bottom-Up Proteomic Experiments. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14634-14642. [PMID: 37739932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We have systematically evaluated the chromatographic behavior of post-translationally/chemically modified peptides using data spanning over 70 of the most relevant modifications. These retention properties were measured for standard bottom-up proteomic settings (fully porous C18 separation media, 0.1% formic acid as ion-pairing modifier) using collections of modified/nonmodified peptide pairs. These pairs were generated by spontaneous degradation, chemical or enzymatic treatment, analysis of synthetic peptides, or the cotranslational incorporation of noncanonical proline analogues. In addition, these measurements were validated using external data acquired for synthetic peptides and enzymatically induced citrullination. Working in units of hydrophobicity index (HI, % ACN) and evaluating the average retention shifts (ΔHI) represent the simplest approach to describe the effect of modifications from a didactic point of view. Plotting HI values for modified (y-axis) vs nonmodified (x-axis) counterparts generates unique slope and intercept values for each modification defined by the chemistry of the modifying moiety: its hydrophobicity, size, pKa of ionizable groups, and position of the altered residue. These composition-dependent correlations can be used for coarse incorporation of PTMs into models for prediction of peptide retention. More accurate predictions would require the development of specific sequence-dependent algorithms to predict ΔHI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prefontaine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Taylor Battellino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Benilde Mizero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darien Yeung
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 336 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Helene Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Building, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rene P Zahedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 336 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0 V9, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Oleg V Krokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 336 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
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2
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Sedláčková S, Hubálek M, Vrkoslav V, Blechová M, Kozlík P, Cvačka J. Positive Effect of Acetylation on Proteomic Analysis Based on Liquid Chromatography with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093711. [PMID: 37175121 PMCID: PMC10180487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A typical bottom-up proteomic workflow comprises sample digestion with trypsin, separation of the hydrolysate using reversed-phase HPLC, and detection of peptides via electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry. Despite the advantages and wide usage of protein identification and quantification, the procedure has limitations. Some domains or parts of the proteins may remain inadequately described due to inefficient detection of certain peptides. This study presents an alternative approach based on sample acetylation and mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). These ionizations allowed for improved detection of acetylated peptides obtained via chymotrypsin or glutamyl peptidase I (Glu-C) digestion. APCI and APPI spectra of acetylated peptides often provided sequence information already at the full scan level, while fragmentation spectra of protonated molecules and sodium adducts were easy to interpret. As demonstrated for bovine serum albumin, acetylation improved proteomic analysis. Compared to ESI, gas-phase ionizations APCI and APPI made it possible to detect more peptides and provide better sequence coverages in most cases. Importantly, APCI and APPI detected many peptides which passed unnoticed in the ESI source. Therefore, analytical methods based on chymotrypsin or Glu-C digestion, acetylation, and APPI or APCI provide data complementary to classical bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sedláčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Huang J, Yue N, Huang L, Zhang X. Tyrosine-EDC Conjugation, an Undesirable Side Effect of the EDC-Catalyzed Carboxyl Labeling Approach. Anal Chem 2021; 93:697-703. [PMID: 33290043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbodiimide-catalyzed carboxyl and amine conjugation (amidation) has been widely used to protect carboxyl groups. N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) is the most common carbodiimide reagent in protein chemistry due to its high catalytic efficiency in aqueous media. The reaction has also been applied in different proteomic studies including protein terminomics, glycosylation, and interaction. Herein, we report that the EDC-catalyzed amidation could cause a +155 Da side modification on the tyrosine residue and severely hamper the identification of Tyr-containing peptides. We revealed the extremely low identification rate of Tyr-containing peptides in different published studies employing the EDC-catalyzed amidation. We discovered a +155 Da side modification occurring specifically on Tyr and decoded it as the addition of EDC. Consideration of the side modification in a database search enabled the identification of 13 times more Tyr-containing peptides. Furthermore, we successfully developed an efficient method to remove the side modification. Our results also imply that chemical reactions in proteomic studies should be carefully evaluated prior to their wide applications. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingnan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ningning Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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4
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Miao E, Zhang N, Lu S, Hu Y, Fu L, Zhou H, Zhan J, Wu M. Solid phase “on-situ” quadraplex isotope dimethyl labeling for the analysis of biogenic amines in beers by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1613:460712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Aprahamian ML, Lindert S. Utility of Covalent Labeling Mass Spectrometry Data in Protein Structure Prediction with Rosetta. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3410-3424. [PMID: 30946594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Covalent labeling mass spectrometry experiments are growing in popularity and provide important information regarding protein structure. Information obtained from these experiments correlates with residue solvent exposure within the protein in solution. However, it is impossible to determine protein structure from covalent labeling data alone. Incorporation of sparse covalent labeling data into the protein structure prediction software Rosetta has been shown to improve protein tertiary structure prediction. Here, covalent labeling techniques were analyzed computationally to provide insight into what labeling data is needed to optimize tertiary protein structure prediction in Rosetta. We have successfully implemented a new scoring functionality that provides improved predictions. We developed two new covalent labeling based score terms that use a "cone"-based neighbor count to quantify the relative solvent exposure of each amino acid. To test our method, we used a set of 20 proteins with structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Decoy model sets were generated for each of these 20 proteins, and the normalized covalent labeling score versus RMSD distributions were evaluated. On the basis of these distributions, we have determined an optimal subset of residues to use when performing covalent labeling experiments in order to maximize the structure prediction capabilities of the covalent labeling data. We also investigated how much false negative and false positive data can be tolerated without meaningfully impacting protein structure prediction. Using these new covalent labeling score terms, protein models were rescored and the resulting models improved by 3.9 Å RMSD on average. New models were also generated using Rosetta's AbinitioRelax program under the guidance of covalent labeling information, and improvement in model quality was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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6
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Leitner A. A review of the role of chemical modification methods in contemporary mass spectrometry-based proteomics research. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1000:2-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Shen Y, Nemati R, Wang L, Yao X. Determining Linear Free Energy Relationships in Peptide Fragmentation Using Derivatization and Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1587-1594. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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8
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Haupt C, Hofmann T, Wittig S, Kostmann S, Politis A, Schmidt C. Combining Chemical Cross-linking and Mass Spectrometry of Intact Protein Complexes to Study the Architecture of Multi-subunit Protein Assemblies. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286378 PMCID: PMC5755487 DOI: 10.3791/56747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins interact with their ligands to form active and dynamic assemblies which carry out various cellular functions. Elucidating these interactions is therefore fundamental for the understanding of cellular processes. However, many protein complexes are dynamic assemblies and are not accessible by conventional structural techniques. Mass spectrometry contributes to the structural investigation of these assemblies, and particularly the combination of various mass spectrometric techniques delivers valuable insights into their structural arrangement. In this article, we describe the application and combination of two complementary mass spectrometric techniques, namely chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry and native mass spectrometry. Chemical cross-linking involves the covalent linkage of amino acids in close proximity by using chemical reagents. After digestion with proteases, cross-linked di-peptides are identified by mass spectrometry and protein interactions sites are uncovered. Native mass spectrometry on the other hand is the analysis of intact protein assemblies in the gas phase of a mass spectrometer. It reveals protein stoichiometries as well as protein and ligand interactions. Both techniques therefore deliver complementary information on the structure of protein-ligand assemblies and their combination proved powerful in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Haupt
- Interdisciplinary research center HALOmem, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
| | - Tommy Hofmann
- Interdisciplinary research center HALOmem, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
| | - Sabine Wittig
- Interdisciplinary research center HALOmem, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
| | - Susann Kostmann
- Interdisciplinary research center HALOmem, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
| | | | - Carla Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary research center HALOmem, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg;
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9
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Kuchibhotla B, Kola SR, Medicherla JV, Cherukuvada SV, Dhople VM, Nalam MR. Combinatorial Labeling Method for Improving Peptide Fragmentation in Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1216-1226. [PMID: 28349438 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Annotation of peptide sequence from tandem mass spectra constitutes the central step of mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Peptide mass spectra are obtained upon gas-phase fragmentation. Identification of the protein from a set of experimental peptide spectral matches is usually referred as protein inference. Occurrence and intensity of these fragment ions in the MS/MS spectra are dependent on many factors such as amino acid composition, peptide basicity, activation mode, protease, etc. Particularly, chemical derivatizations of peptides were known to alter their fragmentation. In this study, the influence of acetylation, guanidinylation, and their combination on peptide fragmentation was assessed initially on a lipase (LipA) from Bacillus subtilis followed by a bovine six protein mix digest. The dual modification resulted in improved fragment ion occurrence and intensity changes, and this resulted in the equivalent representation of b- and y-type fragment ions in an ion trap MS/MS spectrum. The improved representation has allowed us to accurately annotate the peptide sequences de novo. Dual labeling has significantly reduced the false positive protein identifications in standard bovine six peptide digest. Our study suggests that the combinatorial labeling of peptides is a useful method to validate protein identifications for high confidence protein inference. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuramanand Kuchibhotla
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sankara Rao Kola
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Jagannadham V Medicherla
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Swamy V Cherukuvada
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vishnu M Dhople
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Interface Institute Genetics & Functional Genomics, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Madhusudhana Rao Nalam
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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10
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Wanigasekara MS, Chowdhury SM. Evaluation of chemical labeling methods for identifying functional arginine residues of proteins by mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Pan Y, Mao J, Deng Z, Dong M, Bian Y, Ye M, Zou H. The proteomic analysis improved by cleavage kinetics-based fractionation of tryptic peptides. Proteomics 2016; 15:3613-6. [PMID: 26256691 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Selective enrichment of specific peptides is an effective way to identify low abundance proteins. Fractionation of peptides prior to mass spectrometry is another widely used approach to reduce sample complexity in order to improve proteome coverage.In this study, we designed a multi-stage digestion strategy to generate peptides with different trypsin cleavage kinetics. It was found that each of the collected peptide fractions yielded many new protein identifications compared to the control group due to the reduced complexity. The overlapping peptides identified between adjacent fractions were very low, indicating that each fraction had different sets of peptides. The multi-stage digestion strategy separates tryptic peptides with different cleavage kinetics while RPLC separates peptides with different hydrophobicity. These two separation strategies were highly orthogonal, and showed an effective multidimensional separation to improve proteome coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Pan
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Deng
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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12
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Leitner A. Cross-linking and other structural proteomics techniques: how chemistry is enabling mass spectrometry applications in structural biology. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4792-4803. [PMID: 30155128 PMCID: PMC6016523 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological function of proteins is heavily influenced by their structures and their organization into assemblies such as protein complexes and regulatory networks. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a key enabling technology for high-throughput and comprehensive protein identification and quantification on a proteome-wide scale. Besides these essential contributions, MS can also be used to study higher-order structures of biomacromolecules in a variety of ways. In one approach, intact proteins or protein complexes may be directly probed in the mass spectrometer. Alternatively, various forms of solution-phase chemistry are used to introduce modifications in intact proteins and localizing these modifications by MS analysis at the peptide level is used to derive structural information. Here, I will put a spotlight on the central role of chemistry in such mass spectrometry-based methods that bridge proteomics and structural biology, with a particular emphasis on chemical cross-linking of protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology , Institute of Molecular Systems Biology , ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
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13
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Crittenden CM, Parker WR, Jenner ZB, Bruns KA, Akin LD, McGee WM, Ciccimaro E, Brodbelt JS. Exploitation of the Ornithine Effect Enhances Characterization of Stapled and Cyclic Peptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:856-863. [PMID: 26864791 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A method to facilitate the characterization of stapled or cyclic peptides is reported via an arginine-selective derivatization strategy coupled with MS/MS analysis. Arginine residues are converted to ornithine residues through a deguanidination reaction that installs a highly selectively cleavable site in peptides. Upon activation by CID or UVPD, the ornithine residue cyclizes to promote cleavage of the adjacent amide bond. This Arg-specific process offers a unique strategy for site-selective ring opening of stapled and cyclic peptides. Upon activation of each derivatized peptide, site-specific backbone cleavage at the ornithine residue results in two complementary products: the lactam ring-containing portion of the peptide and the amine-containing portion. The deguanidination process not only provides a specific marker site that initiates fragmentation of the peptide but also offers a means to unlock the staple and differentiate isobaric stapled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Ryan Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zachary B Jenner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA
| | - Kerry A Bruns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA
| | - Lucas D Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - William M McGee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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14
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Yeo WS, Kim YJ, Kabir MH, Kang JW, Ahsan-Ul-Bari M, Kim KP. Mass spectrometric analysis of protein tyrosine nitration in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:166-183. [PMID: 24889964 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the significance of protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) in signal transduction pathways, the progress achieved in analytical methods, and the implication of nitration in the cellular pathophysiology of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Although mass spectrometry of nitrated peptides has become a powerful tool for the characterization of nitrated peptides, the low stoichiometry of this modification clearly necessitates the use of affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides. Analysis of nitropeptides involves identification of endogenous, intact modification as well as chemical conversion of the nitro group to a chemically reactive amine group and further modifications that enable affinity capture and enhance detectability by altering molecular properties. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in chemical derivatization of nitropeptides for enrichment and mass analysis, and for detection and quantification using various analytical tools. PTN participates in physiological processes, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine has been found to occur during the aging process; this was identified through mass spectrometry. Further, there are several studies implicating the presence of nitrated tyrosine in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Seok Yeo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Affinity selection of histidine-containing peptides using metal chelate methacrylate monolithic disk for targeted LC–MS/MS approach in high-throughput proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Mortera SL, Dioni I, Greco V, Neri C, Rovero P, Urbani A. pH-regulated formation of side products in the reductive amination approach for differential labeling of peptides in relative quantitative experiments. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1259-67. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Levi Mortera
- Department of System Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory; Santa Lucia Foundation; Rome Italy
| | - Ilaria Dioni
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics; Department NeuroFarBa; Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory; Santa Lucia Foundation; Rome Italy
| | - Cristina Neri
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory; Santa Lucia Foundation; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics; Department NeuroFarBa; Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of System Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory; Santa Lucia Foundation; Rome Italy
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17
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Manley SA, Gailer J. Analysis of the plasma metalloproteome by SEC–ICP-AES: bridging proteomics and metabolomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 6:251-65. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Deracinois B, Flahaut C, Duban-Deweer S, Karamanos Y. Comparative and Quantitative Global Proteomics Approaches: An Overview. Proteomes 2013; 1:180-218. [PMID: 28250403 PMCID: PMC5302699 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes1030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics became a key tool for the study of biological systems. The comparison between two different physiological states allows unravelling the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in a biological process. Proteomics can confirm the presence of proteins suggested by their mRNA content and provides a direct measure of the quantity present in a cell. Global and targeted proteomics strategies can be applied. Targeted proteomics strategies limit the number of features that will be monitored and then optimise the methods to obtain the highest sensitivity and throughput for a huge amount of samples. The advantage of global proteomics strategies is that no hypothesis is required, other than a measurable difference in one or more protein species between the samples. Global proteomics methods attempt to separate quantify and identify all the proteins from a given sample. This review highlights only the different techniques of separation and quantification of proteins and peptides, in view of a comparative and quantitative global proteomics analysis. The in-gel and off-gel quantification of proteins will be discussed as well as the corresponding mass spectrometry technology. The overview is focused on the widespread techniques while keeping in mind that each approach is modular and often recovers the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Deracinois
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille F-59000, France.
- Université d'Artois, LBHE, Lens F-62307, France.
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille F-59000, France.
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille F-59000, France.
- Université d'Artois, LBHE, Lens F-62307, France.
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille F-59000, France.
| | - Sophie Duban-Deweer
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille F-59000, France.
- Université d'Artois, LBHE, Lens F-62307, France.
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille F-59000, France.
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille F-59000, France.
- Université d'Artois, LBHE, Lens F-62307, France.
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille F-59000, France.
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SCX charge state selective separation of tryptic peptides combined with 2D-RP-HPLC allows for detailed proteome mapping. J Proteomics 2013; 91:164-71. [PMID: 23851314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multidimensional peptide fractionation is widely used in proteomics to reduce the complexity of peptide mixtures prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Here, we describe the sequential use of strong cation exchange and reversed phase liquid chromatography in both basic and acidic pH buffers for separating tryptic peptides from complex mixtures of proteins. Strong cation exchange exclusively separates peptide by their charge state into neutral, singly and multi-charged species. To further reduce complexity, each peptide group was separated by reversed phase liquid chromatography at basic pH and the resultant fractions were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. This workflow was applied to a soluble protein lysate from mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, and more than 5000 proteins from 29,843 peptides were identified. The high selectivity displayed during the SCX step (93% to 100%) and the overlaps between proteins identified from the SCX-separated peptide groups, are interesting assets of the procedure. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present work shows how complex mixture of peptides can be selectively separated by SCX based essentially on the net charge of peptides. The proposed workflow results in three well-defined subset of peptides of specific amino acid composition, which are representative of the constituent proteins. The very high selectivity obtained (93% to 99%) on the peptide side, underscores for the first time the possibility of SCX chromatography to aid in validating identified peptides.
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20
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Horvatić A, Dodig I, Vuletić T, Pavoković D, Hameršak Z, Butorac A, Cindrić M. Comparison between Enhanced MALDI In-source Decay by Ammonium Persulfate and N- or C-Terminal Derivatization Methods for Detailed Peptide Structure Determination. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3940-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303436n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Horvatić
- Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Dodig
- Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Zdenko Hameršak
- Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mario Cindrić
- Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Bielski R, Witczak Z. Strategies for Coupling Molecular Units if Subsequent Decoupling Is Required. Chem Rev 2012; 113:2205-43. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200338q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bielski
- Value Recovery, Inc., 510 Heron Drive, Suite 301, Bridgeport, New Jersey
08014, United States
| | - Zbigniew Witczak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, United States
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22
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Gao X, Wu H, Lee KC, Liu H, Zhao Y, Cai Z, Jiang Y. Stable Isotope N-Phosphorylation Labeling for Peptide de Novo Sequencing and Protein Quantification Based on Organic Phosphorus Chemistry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10236-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301939v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
SAR, China
- The Key Laboratory
for Cancer
Metabolomics of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
SAR, China
| | - Kim-Chung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
SAR, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory
for Cancer
Metabolomics of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and The
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
SAR, China
- The Key Laboratory
for Cancer
Metabolomics of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The Key Laboratory
for Cancer
Metabolomics of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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23
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Shi T, Su D, Liu T, Tang K, Camp DG, Qian WJ, Smith RD. Advancing the sensitivity of selected reaction monitoring-based targeted quantitative proteomics. Proteomics 2012; 12:1074-92. [PMID: 22577010 PMCID: PMC3375056 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) - also known as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) - has emerged as a promising high-throughput targeted protein quantification technology for candidate biomarker verification and systems biology applications. A major bottleneck for current SRM technology, however, is insufficient sensitivity for, e.g. detecting low-abundance biomarkers likely present at the low ng/mL to pg/mL range in human blood plasma or serum, or extremely low-abundance signaling proteins in cells or tissues. Herein, we review recent advances in methods and technologies, including front-end immunoaffinity depletion, fractionation, selective enrichment of target proteins/peptides including posttranslational modifications, as well as advances in MS instrumentation which have significantly enhanced the overall sensitivity of SRM assays and enabled the detection of low-abundance proteins at low- to sub-ng/mL level in human blood plasma or serum. General perspectives on the potential of achieving sufficient sensitivity for detection of pg/mL level proteins in plasma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Dian Su
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Keqi Tang
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - David G. Camp
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
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24
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Lu Y, Zhou X, Stemmer PM, Reid GE. Sulfonium ion derivatization, isobaric stable isotope labeling and data dependent CID- and ETD-MS/MS for enhanced phosphopeptide quantitation, identification and phosphorylation site characterization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:577-93. [PMID: 21952753 PMCID: PMC4228788 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An amine specific peptide derivatization strategy involving the use of novel isobaric stable isotope encoded 'fixed charge' sulfonium ion reagents, coupled with an analysis strategy employing capillary HPLC, ESI-MS, and automated data dependent ion trap CID-MS/MS, -MS(3), and/or ETD-MS/MS, has been developed for the improved quantitative analysis of protein phosphorylation, and for identification and characterization of their site(s) of modification. Derivatization of 50 synthetic phosphopeptides with S,S'-dimethylthiobutanoylhydroxysuccinimide ester iodide (DMBNHS), followed by analysis using capillary HPLC-ESI-MS, yielded an average 2.5-fold increase in ionization efficiencies and a significant increase in the presence and/or abundance of higher charge state precursor ions compared to the non-derivatized phosphopeptides. Notably, 44% of the phosphopeptides (22 of 50) in their underivatized states yielded precursor ions whose maximum charge states corresponded to +2, while only 8% (4 of 50) remained at this maximum charge state following DMBNHS derivatization. Quantitative analysis was achieved by measuring the abundances of the diagnostic product ions corresponding to the neutral losses of 'light' (S(CH(3))(2)) and 'heavy' (S(CD(3))(2)) dimethylsulfide exclusively formed upon CID-MS/MS of isobaric stable isotope labeled forms of the DMBNHS derivatized phosphopeptides. Under these conditions, the phosphate group stayed intact. Access for a greater number of peptides to provide enhanced phosphopeptide sequence identification and phosphorylation site characterization was achieved via automated data-dependent CID-MS(3) or ETD-MS/MS analysis due to the formation of the higher charge state precursor ions. Importantly, improved sequence coverage was observed using ETD-MS/MS following introduction of the sulfonium ion fixed charge, but with no detrimental effects on ETD fragmentation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 229 Chemistry Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 229 Chemistry Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Paul M. Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gavin E. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 229 Chemistry Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Hudson SR, Chadbourne FL, Helliwell PA, Pflimlin E, Thomas-Oates JE, Routledge A. Evaluation of a solid-supported tagging strategy for mass spectrometric analysis of peptides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:97-100. [PMID: 22220996 DOI: 10.1021/co2000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have explored two divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene supports for use in a solid-supported N-terminal peptide tagging strategy. Resin-bound tags designed to be cleaved in a single step at the N-terminus of peptides have been devised and explored as peptide N-terminal tagging reagents (constructs) for subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. While the brominated tagging approach shows promise, the use of these specific solid supports has drawbacks, in terms of tagging reaction scale, for real applications in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân R. Hudson
- The Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Frances L. Chadbourne
- The Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A. Helliwell
- The Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Elsa Pflimlin
- The Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Thomas-Oates
- The Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Routledge
- The Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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26
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Abstract
Quantitative approaches in proteomics are emerging as a powerful tool to probe the dynamics of protein expression across biological conditions. Thereby, quantification helps to recognize proteins with potential biological relevance, which greatly aids in the design of follow-up experiments. Although multiple methods have been established that are based on stable-isotope labeling and label-free approaches, one of the remaining bottlenecks is the analysis and quantification of proteins in large datasets. MSQuant is a platform for protein quantification, capable of handling multiple labeling strategies and supporting several vendor data formats. Here, we report on the use and versatility of MSQuant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost W Gouw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Redox proteomics and drug development. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2575-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Betancourt LH, Sánchez A, Pérez Y, Fernandez de Cossio J, Gil J, Toledo P, Iguchi S, Aimoto S, González LJ, Padrón G, Takao T, Besada V. Charge state-selective separation of peptides by reversible modification of amino groups and strong cation-exchange chromatography: Evaluation in proteomic studies using peptide-centric database searches. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2210-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Daley AB, Wright RD, Oleschuk RD. Parallel, fluorous open-tubular chromatography using microstructured fibers. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Daley AB, Xu Z, Oleschuk RD. Fluorous Monolith Specificity: The Effects of Polymer Density and Secondary Interactions on Column Performance and Amenability to Biological Samples. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1688-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102827t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Daley
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane Kingston, ON Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Zhenpo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane Kingston, ON Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Richard D. Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane Kingston, ON Canada K7L 3N6
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31
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Use of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture as a spike-in standard in quantitative proteomics. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:147-57. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Data processing pipelines for comprehensive profiling of proteomics samples by label-free LC–MS for biomarker discovery. Talanta 2011; 83:1209-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Nesvizhskii AI. A survey of computational methods and error rate estimation procedures for peptide and protein identification in shotgun proteomics. J Proteomics 2010; 73:2092-123. [PMID: 20816881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the peptide and protein identification process using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data generated in shotgun proteomic experiments. The commonly used methods for assigning peptide sequences to MS/MS spectra are critically discussed and compared, from basic strategies to advanced multi-stage approaches. A particular attention is paid to the problem of false-positive identifications. Existing statistical approaches for assessing the significance of peptide to spectrum matches are surveyed, ranging from single-spectrum approaches such as expectation values to global error rate estimation procedures such as false discovery rates and posterior probabilities. The importance of using auxiliary discriminant information (mass accuracy, peptide separation coordinates, digestion properties, and etc.) is discussed, and advanced computational approaches for joint modeling of multiple sources of information are presented. This review also includes a detailed analysis of the issues affecting the interpretation of data at the protein level, including the amplification of error rates when going from peptide to protein level, and the ambiguities in inferring the identifies of sample proteins in the presence of shared peptides. Commonly used methods for computing protein-level confidence scores are discussed in detail. The review concludes with a discussion of several outstanding computational issues.
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34
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Zhang H, Brown RN, Qian WJ, Monroe ME, Purvine SO, Moore RJ, Gritsenko MA, Shi L, Romine MF, Fredrickson JK, Pasa-Tolić L, Smith RD, Lipton MS. Quantitative analysis of cell surface membrane proteins using membrane-impermeable chemical probe coupled with 18O labeling. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2160-9. [PMID: 20380418 DOI: 10.1021/pr9009113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a mass spectrometry-based strategy for quantitative analysis of cell surface membrane proteome changes. The strategy includes enrichment of surface membrane proteins using a membrane-impermeable chemical probe followed by stable isotope (18)O labeling and LC-MS analysis. We applied this strategy for enriching membrane proteins expressed by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a Gram-negative bacterium with known metal-reduction capability via extracellular electron transfer between outer membrane proteins and extracellular electron receptors. LC/MS/MS analysis resulted in the identification of about 400 proteins with 79% of them being predicted to be membrane localized. Quantitative aspects of the membrane enrichment were shown by peptide level (16)O and (18)O labeling of proteins from wild-type and mutant cells (generated from deletion of a type II secretion protein, GspD) prior to LC-MS analysis. Using a chemical probe labeled pure protein as an internal standard for normalization, the quantitative data revealed reduced abundances in Delta gspD mutant cells of many outer membrane proteins including the outer membrane c-type cytochromes OmcA and MtrC, in agreement with a previous report that these proteins are substrates of the type II secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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35
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Leitner A, Walzthoeni T, Kahraman A, Herzog F, Rinner O, Beck M, Aebersold R. Probing native protein structures by chemical cross-linking, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1634-49. [PMID: 20360032 PMCID: PMC2938055 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r000001-mcp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking of reactive groups in native proteins and protein complexes in combination with the identification of cross-linked sites by mass spectrometry has been in use for more than a decade. Recent advances in instrumentation, cross-linking protocols, and analysis software have led to a renewed interest in this technique, which promises to provide important information about native protein structure and the topology of protein complexes. In this article, we discuss the critical steps of chemical cross-linking and its implications for (structural) biology: reagent design and cross-linking protocols, separation and mass spectrometric analysis of cross-linked samples, dedicated software for data analysis, and the use of cross-linking data for computational modeling. Finally, the impact of protein cross-linking on various biological disciplines is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Leitner
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Walzthoeni
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Abdullah Kahraman
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz Herzog
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Rinner
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Biognosys AG, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beck
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- From the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and
- Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Roeser J, Bischoff R, Bruins AP, Permentier HP. Oxidative protein labeling in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3441-55. [PMID: 20155254 PMCID: PMC2911539 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of proteins and peptides is a common phenomenon, and can be employed as a labeling technique for mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. Nonspecific oxidative labeling methods can modify almost any amino acid residue in a protein or only surface-exposed regions. Specific agents may label reactive functional groups in amino acids, primarily cysteine, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Nonspecific radical intermediates (reactive oxygen, nitrogen, or halogen species) can be produced by chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, or enzymatic methods. More targeted oxidation can be achieved by chemical reagents but also by direct electrochemical oxidation, which opens the way to instrumental labeling methods. Oxidative labeling of amino acids in the context of liquid chromatography(LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics allows for differential LC separation, improved MS ionization, and label-specific fragmentation and detection. Oxidation of proteins can create new reactive groups which are useful for secondary, more conventional derivatization reactions with, e.g., fluorescent labels. This review summarizes reactions of oxidizing agents with peptides and proteins, the corresponding methodologies and instrumentation, and the major, innovative applications of oxidative protein labeling described in selected literature from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roeser
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andries P. Bruins
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Analytical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Chang YC, Huang CN, Lin CH, Chang HC, Wu CC. Mapping protein cysteine sulfonic acid modifications with specific enrichment and mass spectrometry: An integrated approach to explore the cysteine oxidation. Proteomics 2010; 10:2961-71. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Urso E, Le Pera M, Bossio S, Sprovieri T, Qualtieri A. Quantification of thymosin β4 in human cerebrospinal fluid using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2010; 402:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee JR, Lee SJ, Kim TW, Kim JK, Park HS, Kim DE, Kim KP, Yeo WS. Chemical approach for specific enrichment and mass analysis of nitrated peptides. Anal Chem 2010; 81:6620-6. [PMID: 19610626 DOI: 10.1021/ac9005099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The analysis and detection of 3-nitrotyrosine are biologically and clinically important because protein tyrosine nitration is known to be involved in a number of biological phenomena such as cellular signal transduction, pathogenesis of inflammatory responses, and age-related disorders. However, the main obstacles in the study are low abundance of nitrated species and lack of efficient enrichment methods. Here in, we suggest a new chemical approach to analyze nitrated peptides using mass spectrometry by incorporating specific tagging groups in the peptides through simple chemical transformations. Nitro groups on tyrosine side chains of nitrated peptides were subjected to reduction to give rise to amine which was further converted to metal-chelating motif. Mass analyses verified that Ni(2+)-NTA magnetic agarose beads selectively captured and isolated the modified peptides, i.e., nitrated peptides, by strong and specific metal chelating interactions. We further demonstrated the utility of our approach by detection of nitrated peptides in complex samples such as tryptic peptide mixtures of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a HeLa cell lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Rok Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-834, Korea
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Liu X, Wen F, Yang J, Chen L, Wei YQ. A review of current applications of mass spectrometry for neuroproteomics in epilepsy. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:197-246. [PMID: 19598206 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain is unquestionably the most fascinating organ, and the hippocampus is crucial in memory storage and retrieval and plays an important role in stress response. In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the seizure origin typically involves the hippocampal formation. Despite tremendous progress, current knowledge falls short of being able to explain its function. An emerging approach toward an improved understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms that underlie functions of the brain and hippocampus is neuroproteomics. Mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze biological samples, and has evolved into an indispensable tool for proteomics research. In this review, we present a general overview of the application of mass spectrometry in proteomics, summarize neuroproteomics and systems biology-based discovery of protein biomarkers for epilepsy, discuss the methodology needed to explore the epileptic hippocampus proteome, and also focus on applications of ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) in disease research. This neuroproteomics survey presents a framework for large-scale protein research in epilepsy that can be applied for immediate epileptic biomarker discovery and the far-reaching systems biology understanding of the protein regulatory networks. Ultimately, knowledge attained through neuroproteomics could lead to clinical diagnostics and therapeutics to lessen the burden of epilepsy on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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41
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Proteomics strategy for identifying candidate bioactive proteins in complex mixtures: application to the platelet releasate. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:107859. [PMID: 20368775 PMCID: PMC2846341 DOI: 10.1155/2010/107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic approaches have proven powerful at identifying large numbers of proteins, but there are fewer reports of functional characterization of proteins in biological tissues. Here, we describe an experimental approach that fractionates proteins released from human platelets, linking bioassay activity to identity. We used consecutive orthogonal separation platforms to ensure sensitive detection: (a) ion-exchange of intact proteins, (b) SDS-PAGE separation of ion-exchange fractions and (c) HPLC separation of tryptic digests coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Migration of THP-1 monocytes in response to complete or fractionated platelet releasate was assessed and located to just one of the forty-nine ion-exchange fractions. Over 300 proteins were identified in the releasate, with a wide range of annotated biophysical and biochemical properties, in particular platelet activation, adhesion, and wound healing. The presence of PEDF and involucrin, two proteins not previously reported in platelet releasate, was confirmed by western blotting. Proteins identified within the fraction with monocyte promigratory activity and not in other inactive fractions included vimentin, PEDF, and TIMP-1. We conclude that this analytical platform is effective for the characterization of complex bioactive samples.
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Kleifeld O, Doucet A, auf dem Keller U, Prudova A, Schilling O, Kainthan RK, Starr AE, Foster LJ, Kizhakkedathu JN, Overall CM. Isotopic labeling of terminal amines in complex samples identifies protein N-termini and protease cleavage products. Nat Biotechnol 2010; 28:281-8. [PMID: 20208520 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Effective proteome-wide strategies that distinguish the N-termini of proteins from the N-termini of their protease cleavage products would accelerate identification of the substrates of proteases with broad or unknown specificity. Our approach, named terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), addresses this challenge by using dendritic polyglycerol aldehyde polymers that remove tryptic and C-terminal peptides. We analyze unbound naturally acetylated, cyclized or labeled N-termini from proteins and their protease cleavage products by tandem mass spectrometry, and use peptide isotope quantification to discriminate between the substrates of the protease of interest and the products of background proteolysis. We identify 731 acetylated and 132 cyclized N-termini, and 288 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 cleavage sites in mouse fibroblast secretomes. We further demonstrate the potential of our strategy to link proteases with defined biological pathways in complex samples by analyzing mouse inflammatory bronchoalveolar fluid and showing that expression of the poorly defined breast cancer protease MMP-11 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells cleaves both endoplasmin and the immunomodulator and apoptosis inducer galectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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43
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Armengaud J. Proteogenomics and systems biology: quest for the ultimate missing parts. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 7:65-77. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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44
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Yao X, Bajrami B, Shi Y. Ultrathroughput Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:794-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9026274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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Heal WP, Tate EW. Getting a chemical handle on proteinpost-translational modification. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:731-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b917894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rocchiccioli S, Congiu E, Boccardi C, Citti L, Callipo L, Laganà A, Capobianco E. A proteomic study of microgravity cardiac effects: feature maps of label-free LC-MALDI data for differential expression analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2218-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Giron P, Dayon L, Mihala N, Sanchez JC, Rose K. Cysteine-reactive covalent capture tags for enrichment of cysteine-containing peptides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3377-3386. [PMID: 19813279 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Considering the tremendous complexity and the wide dynamic range of protein samples from biological origin and their proteolytic peptide mixtures, proteomics largely requires simplification strategies. One common approach to reduce sample complexity is to target a particular amino acid in proteins or peptides, such as cysteine (Cys), with chemical tags in order to reduce the analysis to a subset of the whole proteome. The present work describes the synthesis and the use of two new cysteinyl tags, so-called cysteine-reactive covalent capture tags (C3T), for the isolation of Cys-containing peptides. These bifunctional molecules were specifically designed to react with cysteines through iodoacetyl and acryloyl moieties and permit efficient selection of the tagged peptides. To do so, a thioproline was chosen as the isolating group to form, after a deprotection/activation step, a thiazolidine with an aldehyde resin by the covalent capture (CC) method. The applicability of the enrichment strategy was demonstrated on small synthetic peptides as well as on peptides derived from digested proteins. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) sequencing confirmed the efficient and straightforward selection of the cysteine-containing peptides. The combination of C3T and CC methods provides an effective alternative to reduce sample complexity and access low abundance proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscille Giron
- Biomedical Proteomics Group, Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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48
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Isotope-labeling and affinity enrichment of phosphopeptides for proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2009. [PMID: 19544030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-157-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a dynamic process that plays a major role in many vital physiological processes by transmitting signals within cellular pathways and networks. Proteomic measurements using mass spectrometry are capable of characterizing the sites of protein phosphorylation and to quantify their change in abundance. However, the low stoichiometry of protein phosphorylation events often preclude mass spectrometry detection and require additional sample preparation steps to facilitate their characterization. Many analytical methods have been used to map and quantify changes in phosphorylation, and this chapter will present two methods that can be used for extraction of phosphopeptides from protein and proteome digests to map phosphorylation sites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The first method describes an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) technique using Ga3+ to enrich for phosphopeptides from protein digests. The second method describes the utilization of phosphoprotein isotope-coded solid-phase tags (PhIST) to label and enrich phosphopeptides from complex mixtures to both identify and quantify changes in protein phosphorylation. The IMAC and PhIST protocols can be applied to any isolated protein sample and is amenable to additional fractionation using strong cation/anion exchange chromatography prior to reversed-phase LC/MS/MS analysis.
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Kutscher DJ, Bettmer J. Absolute and Relative Protein Quantification with the Use of Isotopically Labeled p-Hydroxymercuribenzoic Acid and Complementary MALDI-MS and ICPMS Detection. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9172-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901571s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Kutscher
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jörg Bettmer
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
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50
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Mendoza VL, Vachet RW. Probing protein structure by amino acid-specific covalent labeling and mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:785-815. [PMID: 19016300 PMCID: PMC2768138 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For many years, amino acid-specific covalent labeling has been a valuable tool to study protein structure and protein interactions, especially for systems that are difficult to study by other means. These covalent labeling methods typically map protein structure and interactions by measuring the differential reactivity of amino acid side chains. The reactivity of amino acids in proteins generally depends on the accessibility of the side chain to the reagent, the inherent reactivity of the label and the reactivity of the amino acid side chain. Peptide mass mapping with ESI- or MALDI-MS and peptide sequencing with tandem MS are typically employed to identify modification sites to provide site-specific structural information. In this review, we describe the reagents that are most commonly used in these residue-specific modification reactions, details about the proper use of these covalent labeling reagents, and information about the specific biochemical problems that have been addressed with covalent labeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leah Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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