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Liu X, Nawaz Z, Guo C, Ali S, Naeem MA, Jamil T, Ahmad W, Siddiq MU, Ahmed S, Asif Idrees M, Ahmad A. Rabies Virus Exploits Cytoskeleton Network to Cause Early Disease Progression and Cellular Dysfunction. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889873. [PMID: 35685339 PMCID: PMC9172992 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a cunning neurotropic pathogen and causes top priority neglected tropical diseases in the developing world. The genome of RABV consists of nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and RNA polymerase L protein (L), respectively. The virus causes neuronal dysfunction instead of neuronal cell death by deregulating the polymerization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and subverts the associated binding and motor proteins for efficient viral progression. These binding proteins mainly maintain neuronal structure, morphology, synaptic integrity, and complex neurophysiological pathways. However, much of the exact mechanism of the viral-cytoskeleton interaction is yet unclear because several binding proteins of the actin-microtubule cytoskeleton are involved in multifaceted pathways to influence the retrograde and anterograde axonal transport of RABV. In this review, all the available scientific results regarding cytoskeleton elements and their possible interactions with RABV have been collected through systematic methodology, and thereby interpreted to explain sneaky features of RABV. The aim is to envisage the pathogenesis of RABV to understand further steps of RABV progression inside the cells. RABV interacts in a number of ways with the cell cytoskeleton to produce degenerative changes in the biochemical and neuropathological trails of neurons and other cell types. Briefly, RABV changes the gene expression of essential cytoskeleton related proteins, depolymerizes actin and microtubules, coordinates the synthesis of inclusion bodies, manipulates microtubules and associated motors proteins, and uses actin for clathrin-mediated entry in different cells. Most importantly, the P is the most intricate protein of RABV that performs complex functions. It artfully operates the dynein motor protein along the tracks of microtubules to assist the replication, transcription, and transport of RABV until its egress from the cell. New remedial insights at subcellular levels are needed to counteract the destabilization of the cytoskeleton under RABV infection to stop its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Presidents' Office of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeeshan Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Presidents' Office of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sultan Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Naeem
- Department of Basic Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Jamil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Siddiq
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Basic Sciences, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Idrees
- Department of Pathobiology, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Pathobiology, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
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Behera S, Reddy RR, Taunk K, Rapole S, Pharande RR, Suryawanshi AR. Delineation of altered brain proteins associated with furious rabies virus infection in dogs by quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2021; 253:104463. [PMID: 34954397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV). Despite the existence of control measures, dog-transmitted human rabies accounts for ˃95% reported cases due to unavailability of sensitive diagnostic methods, inadequate understanding of disease progression and absence of therapeutics. In addition, host factors and their role in RABV infection are poorly understood. In this study, we used 8-plex iTRAQ coupled with HRMS approach to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) of dog brain associated with furious rabies virus infection. Total 40 DAPs including 26 down-regulated and 14 up-regulated proteins were statistically significant in infected samples. GO annotation and IPA showed that calcium signaling and calcium transport, efficient neuronal function, metabolic pathway associated proteins were mostly altered during this infection. Total 34 proteins including 10 down-regulated proteins pertaining to calcium signaling and calcium transport pathways were successfully verified by qRT-PCR and two proteins were verified by western blot, thereby suggesting these pathways may play an important role in this infection. This study provides the map of altered brain proteins and some insights into the molecular pathophysiology associated with furious rabies virus infection. However, further investigations are required to understand their role in disease mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE: Transmission of rabies by dogs poses the greatest hazard world-wide and the rare survival of post-symptomatic patients as well as severe neurological and immunological problems pose a question to understand the molecular mechanism involved in rabies pathogenesis. However, information regarding host factors and their function in RABV infection is still inadequate. Our study has used an advanced quantitative proteomics approach i.e. 8-plex iTRAQ coupled with HRMS and identified 40 DAPs in furious rabies infected dog brain tissues compared to the controls. Further analysis showed that calcium signaling and transport pathway, efficient neuronal functions and metabolic pathway associated brain proteins were most altered during furious rabies virus infection. This data provides a map of altered brain proteins which may have role in furious rabies virus infection. Hence, this will improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Behera
- Clinical Proteomics, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - R Rajendra Reddy
- Clinical Proteomics, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | - Amol Ratnakar Suryawanshi
- Clinical Proteomics, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
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Chailangkarn T, Tanwattana N, Jaemthaworn T, Sriswasdi S, Wanasen N, Tangphatsornruang S, Leetanasaksakul K, Jantraphakorn Y, Nawae W, Chankeeree P, Lekcharoensuk P, Lumlertdacha B, Kaewborisuth C. Establishment of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons-A Promising In Vitro Model for a Molecular Study of Rabies Virus and Host Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111986. [PMID: 34769416 PMCID: PMC8584829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a deadly viral disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV), transmitted through a bite of an infected host, resulting in irreversible neurological symptoms and a 100% fatality rate in humans. Despite many aspects describing rabies neuropathogenesis, numerous hypotheses remain unanswered and concealed. Observations obtained from infected primary neurons or mouse brain samples are more relevant to human clinical rabies than permissive cell lines; however, limitations regarding the ethical issue and sample accessibility become a hurdle for discovering new insights into virus-host interplays. To better understand RABV pathogenesis in humans, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons to offer the opportunity for an inimitable study of RABV infection at a molecular level in a pathologically relevant cell type. This study describes the characteristics and detailed proteomic changes of hiPSC-derived neurons in response to RABV infection using LC-MS/MS quantitative analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) reveals temporal changes of proteins related to metabolic process, immune response, neurotransmitter transport/synaptic vesicle cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and cell stress response, demonstrating fundamental underlying mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in a time-course dependence. Lastly, we highlighted plausible functions of heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70 or HSPA8) that might play a pivotal role in regulating RABV replication and pathogenesis. Our findings acquired from this hiPSC-derived neuron platform help to define novel cellular mechanisms during RABV infection, which could be applicable to further studies to widen views of RABV-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanathom Chailangkarn
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (C.K.)
| | - Nathiphat Tanwattana
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Thanakorn Jaemthaworn
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Sira Sriswasdi
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.S.)
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nanchaya Wanasen
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (W.N.)
| | - Kantinan Leetanasaksakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Yuparat Jantraphakorn
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Wanapinun Nawae
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (W.N.)
| | - Penpicha Chankeeree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advance Studies in Agriculture and Food, KU Institute Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Boonlert Lumlertdacha
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training Prophylaxis on Rabies, 1871 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Challika Kaewborisuth
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (C.K.)
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Kanu B, Kia GSN, Aimola IA, Korie GC, Tekki IS. Rabies virus infection is associated with alterations in the expression of parvalbumin and secretagogin in mice brain. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1267-1275. [PMID: 33783673 PMCID: PMC8008021 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the deadly rabies virus (RABV) leads to alteration of cellular gene expression. The RABV, similar to other neurodegenerative diseases may be implicated in neuronal death due to an imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis. Parvalbumin (PV) and Secretagogin (Scgn), two members of the Calcium-Binding Proteins (CBPs) are useful neuronal markers responsible for calcium regulation and buffering with possible protective roles against infections. This study investigated whether infection with rabies virus causes variance in expression levels of PV and Scgn using the Challenge virus standard (CVS) and Nigerian Street Rabies virus (SRV) strains. Forty-eight, 4-week-old BALB/c mice strains were divided into two test groups and challenged with Rabies virus (RABV) infection and one control group. The presence of RABV antigen was verified by direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess PV and Scgn gene expression. Infection with both virus strains resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in expression during early infection. Mid-infection phase caused reduced expression for both genes. However, as infection progressed to the terminal phase, a lower increase in expression was measured. Gene expression and viral load correlation indicated no positive relationship. Neurons with these CBPs may have a greater capacity to buffer calcium and be more resistant to degenerative changes caused by RABV. This implies that, when PV and Scgn expression levels are kept adequately high, the integrity of neurons may be maintained and degeneration caused by RABV infection may be prevented or stopped, hence, these are possible constituents of effective rabies therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Grace S N Kia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu A Aimola
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - George C Korie
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ishaya S Tekki
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that use cell proteins to take the control of the cell functions in order to accomplish their life cycle. Studying the viral-host interactions would increase our knowledge of the viral biology and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Studies on pathogenesis mechanisms of lyssaviruses, which are the causative agents of rabies, have revealed some important host protein partners for viral proteins, especially for most studied species, i.e. RABV. In this review article, the key physical lyssavirus-host protein interactions, their contributions to rabies infection, and their exploitation are discussed to improve the knowledge about rabies pathogenesis.
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Guimaraes de Souza Melo C, Nelisis Zanoni J, Raquel Garcia de Souza S, Zignani I, de Lima Leite A, Domingues Heubel A, Vanessa Colombo Martins Perles J, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M. Global Proteomic Profile Integrated to Quantitative and Morphometric Assessment of Enteric Neurons: Investigation of the Mechanisms Involved in the Toxicity Induced by Acute Fluoride Exposure in the Duodenum. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:800-814. [PMID: 33689147 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) functions. Enteric neuropathies are highly correlated to the development of several intestinal disturbances. Fluoride (F) is extensively applied for dental health improvement and its ingestion can promote systemic toxicity with mild to severe GIT symptomatology and neurotoxicity. Although F harmful effects have been published, there is no information regarding noxiousness of a high acute F exposure (25 mg F/kg) on enteric neurons and levels of expression of intestinal proteins in the duodenum. Quantitative proteomics of the duodenum wall associated to morphometric and quantitative analysis of enteric neurons displayed F effects of a high acute exposure. F-induced myenteric neuroplasticity was characterized by a decrease in the density of nitrergic neurons and morphometric alterations in the general populations of neurons, nitrergic neurons, and substance P varicosities. Proteomics demonstrated F-induced alterations in levels of expression of 356 proteins correlated to striated muscle cell differentiation; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; NADH and glutathione metabolic process and purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis. The neurochemical role of several intestinal proteins was discussed specially related to the modulation of enteric neuroplasticity. The results provide a new perspective on cell signaling pathways of gastrointestinal symptomatology promoted by acute F toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabela Zignani
- Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Zandi F, Khalaj V, Goshadrou F, Meyfour A, Gholami A, Enayati S, Mehranfar M, Rahmati S, Kheiri EV, Badie HG, Vaziri B. Rabies virus matrix protein targets host actin cytoskeleton: a protein-protein interaction analysis. Pathog Dis 2020; 79:6027507. [PMID: 33289839 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional matrix protein (M) of rabies virus (RABV) plays essential roles in the pathogenesis of rabies infection. Identification of M protein interacting partners in target hosts could help to elucidate the biological pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this virus. In this study, two-dimensional Far-western blotting (2D-Far-WB) technique was applied to find possible matrix protein partners in the rat brainstem. Recombinant RABV M was expressed in Pichia pastoris and was partially purified. Subsequently, 2D-Far-WB-determined six rat brainstem proteins interacted with recombinant M proteins that were identified by mass spectrometry. Functional annotation by gene ontology analysis determined these proteins were involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission processes, metabolic process and cell morphogenesis-cytoskeleton organization. The interaction of viral M protein with selected host proteins in mouse Neuro-2a cells infected with RABV was verified by super-resolution confocal microscopy. Molecular docking simulations also demonstrated the formation of RABV M complexes. However, further confirmation with co-immunoprecipitation was only successful for M-actin cytoplasmic 1 interaction. Our study revealed actin cytoplasmic 1 as a binding partner of M protein, which might have important role(s) in rabies pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zandi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1971653313, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goshadrou
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1971653313, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, 16635-148, Iran
| | - Alireza Gholami
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Somayeh Enayati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mehranfar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Saman Rahmati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Gholamipour Badie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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Meyfour A, Hosseini M, Sobhanian H, Pahlavan S. Iran's Contribution to Human Proteomic Research. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:229-235. [PMID: 31210427 PMCID: PMC6582420 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is a powerful approach to study the whole set of proteins expressed in an organism, organ, tissue or cell resulting in valuable information on physiological or pathological state of a biological system. High throughput proteomic data facilitated the understanding of various biological systems with respect to normal and pathological conditions particularly in the instances of human clinical manifestations. The important role of proteins as the functional gene products encouraged scientists to apply this technology to gain a better understanding of extremely complex biological systems. In last two decades, several proteomics teams have been gradually formed in Iran. In this review, we highlight the most important findings of proteomic research groups in Iran at various areas of stem cells, Y chromosome, infertility, infectious disease and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
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Kinome-Wide RNA Interference Screening Identifies Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Phosphatidylinositol Metabolism as Key Factors for Rabies Virus Infection. mSphere 2019; 4:4/3/e00047-19. [PMID: 31118297 PMCID: PMC6531879 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00047-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus relies on cellular machinery for its replication while simultaneously evading the host immune response. Despite their importance, little is known about the key host factors required for rabies virus infection. Here, we focused on the human kinome, at the core of many cellular pathways, to unveil a new understanding of the rabies virus infectious cycle and to discover new potential therapeutic targets in a small interfering RNA screening. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and phosphatidylinositol metabolism were identified as prominent factors involved in rabies virus infection, and those findings were further confirmed in human neurons. While bringing a new insight into rabies virus biology, we also provide a new list of host factors involved in rabies virus infection. Throughout the rabies virus (RABV) infectious cycle, host-virus interactions define its capacity to replicate, escape the immune response, and spread. As phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism involved in most cellular processes, kinases represent a target of choice to identify host factors required for viral replication. A kinase and phosphatase small interfering RNA (siRNA) high-content screening was performed on a fluorescent protein-recombinant field isolate (Tha RABV). We identified 57 high-confidence key host factors important for RABV replication with a readout set at 18 h postinfection and 73 with a readout set at 36 h postinfection, including 24 common factors at all stages of the infection. Amongst them, gene clusters of the most prominent pathways were determined. Up to 15 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and effectors, including MKK7 (associated with Jun N-terminal protein kinase [JNK] signalization) and DUSP5, as well as 17 phosphatidylinositol (PI)-related proteins, including PIP5K1C and MTM1, were found to be involved in the later stage of RABV infection. The importance of these pathways was further validated, as small molecules Ro 31-8820 and PD 198306 inhibited RABV replication in human neurons. IMPORTANCE Rabies virus relies on cellular machinery for its replication while simultaneously evading the host immune response. Despite their importance, little is known about the key host factors required for rabies virus infection. Here, we focused on the human kinome, at the core of many cellular pathways, to unveil a new understanding of the rabies virus infectious cycle and to discover new potential therapeutic targets in a small interfering RNA screening. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and phosphatidylinositol metabolism were identified as prominent factors involved in rabies virus infection, and those findings were further confirmed in human neurons. While bringing a new insight into rabies virus biology, we also provide a new list of host factors involved in rabies virus infection.
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Mehta S, Sreenivasamurthy S, Banerjee S, Mukherjee S, Prasad K, Chowdhary A. Pathway Analysis of Proteomics Profiles in Rabies Infection: Towards Future Biomarkers? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:97-109. [PMID: 26871867 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that invariably leads to fatal encephalitis, which can be prevented provided post-exposure prophylaxis is initiated timely. Ante-mortem diagnostic tests are inconclusive, and rabies is nontreatable once the clinical signs appear. A large number of host factors are responsible for the altered neuronal functions observed in rabies; however their precise role remains uninvestigated. We therefore used two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis to identify differentially expressed host proteins in an experimental murine model of rabies. We identified 143 proteins corresponding to 45 differentially expressed spots (p < 0.05) in neuronal tissues of Swiss albino mice in response to infection with neurovirulent rabies strains. Time series analyses revealed that a majority of the alterations occur at 4 to 6 days post infection, in particular affecting the host's cytoskeletal architecture. Extensive pathway analysis and protein interaction studies using the bioinformatic tools such as Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and STRING revealed novel pathways and molecules (e.g., protein ubiquitination) unexplored hitherto. Further activation/inhibition studies of these pathway molecular leads would be relevant to identify novel biomarkers and mechanism-based therapeutics for rabies, a disease that continues to severely impact global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Mehta
- 1 Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training , Research and Testing, Mumbai, India
| | - Sreelakshmi Sreenivasamurthy
- 2 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,3 Manipal University , Madhav Nagar, Manipal, India
| | - Shefali Banerjee
- 1 Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training , Research and Testing, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandeepan Mukherjee
- 1 Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training , Research and Testing, Mumbai, India
| | - Keshava Prasad
- 2 Institute of Bioinformatics , International Technology Park, Bangalore, India .,4 NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore, India
| | - Abhay Chowdhary
- 1 Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training , Research and Testing, Mumbai, India
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11
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Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Mozhgani SH, Gholami Pourbadie H, Mirzaie M, Noorbakhsh F, Vaziri B, Gholami A, Ansari-Pour N, Jafari M. Systems Biomedicine of Rabies Delineates the Affected Signaling Pathways. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1688. [PMID: 27872612 PMCID: PMC5098112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypical neurotropic virus, rabies, is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family that causes lethal encephalomyelitis. Although there have been a plethora of studies investigating the etiological mechanism of the rabies virus and many precautionary methods have been implemented to avert the disease outbreak over the last century, the disease has surprisingly no definite remedy at its late stages. The psychological symptoms and the underlying etiology, as well as the rare survival rate from rabies encephalitis, has still remained a mystery. We, therefore, undertook a systems biomedicine approach to identify the network of gene products implicated in rabies. This was done by meta-analyzing whole-transcriptome microarray datasets of the CNS infected by strain CVS-11, and integrating them with interactome data using computational and statistical methods. We first determined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each study and horizontally integrated the results at the mRNA and microRNA levels separately. A total of 61 seed genes involved in signal propagation system were obtained by means of unifying mRNA and microRNA detected integrated DEGs. We then reconstructed a refined protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) of infected cells to elucidate the rabies-implicated signal transduction network (RISN). To validate our findings, we confirmed differential expression of randomly selected genes in the network using Real-time PCR. In conclusion, the identification of seed genes and their network neighborhood within the refined PPIN can be useful for demonstrating signaling pathways including interferon circumvent, toward proliferation and survival, and neuropathological clue, explaining the intricate underlying molecular neuropathology of rabies infection and thus rendered a molecular framework for predicting potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mirzaie
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Gholami
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technology, University of TehranTehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhang D, He F, Bi S, Guo H, Zhang B, Wu F, Liang J, Yang Y, Tian Q, Ju C, Fan H, Chen J, Guo X, Luo Y. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Two Distinct Outcomes in Central Nervous System Infections of Rabies Virus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:751. [PMID: 27242764 PMCID: PMC4871871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies remains a major public health concern in many developing countries. The precise neuropathogenesis of rabies is unknown, though it is hypothesized to be due to neuronal death or dysfunction. Mice that received intranasal inoculation of an attenuated rabies virus (RABV) strain HEP-Flury exhibited subtle clinical signs, and eventually recovered, which is different from the fatal encephalitis caused by the virulent RABV strain CVS-11. To understand the neuropathogenesis of rabies and the mechanisms of viral clearance, we applied RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the brain transcriptomes of normal mice vs. HEP-Flury or CVS-11 intranasally inoculated mice. Our results revealed that both RABV strains altered positively and negatively the expression levels of many host genes, including genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation and cell death. It is found that HEP-Flury infection can activate the innate immunity earlier through the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling, and the innate immunity pre-activated by HEP-Flury or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection can effectively prevent the CVS-11 to invade central nervous system (CNS), but fails to clear the CVS-11 after its entry into the CNS. In addition, following CVS-11 infection, genes implicated in cell adhesion, blood vessel morphogenesis and coagulation were mainly up-regulated, while the genes involved in synaptic transmission and ion transport were significantly down-regulated. On the other hand, several genes involved in the MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation pathway were activated to a greater extent after the HEP-Flury infection as compared with the CVS-11 infection suggesting that the collaboration of CD4+ T cells and MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation is critical for the clearance of attenuated RABV from the CNS. The differentially regulated genes reported here are likely to include potential therapeutic targets for expanding the post-exposure treatment window for RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Feilong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuilian Bi
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan, China
| | - Huixia Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoshi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Youtian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qin Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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13
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Li L, Wang H, Jin H, Cao Z, Feng N, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Wang J, Li Q, Zhao G, Yan F, Wang L, Wang T, Gao Y, Tu C, Yang S, Xia X. Interferon-inducible GTPase: a novel viral response protein involved in rabies virus infection. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1285-93. [PMID: 26906695 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus infection is a major public health concern because of its wide host-interference spectrum and nearly 100 % lethality. However, the interactions between host and virus remain unclear. To decipher the authentic response in the central nervous system after rabies virus infection, a dynamic analysis of brain proteome alteration was performed. In this study, 104 significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified, and intermediate filament, interferon-inducible GTPases, and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 16C were the three outstanding groups among these proteins. Interferon-inducible GTPases were prominent because of their strong upregulation. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR showed distinct upregulation of interferon-inducible GTPases at the level of transcription. Several studies have shown that interferon-inducible GTPases are involved in many biological processes, such as viral infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and autophagy. These findings indicate that interferon-inducible GTPases are likely to be a potential target involved in rabies pathogenesis or the antiviral process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Changchun SR Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zengguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Guoxing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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14
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Yang Y, Liu W, Yan G, Luo Y, Zhao J, Yang X, Mei M, Wu X, Guo X. iTRAQ protein profile analysis of neuroblastoma (NA) cells infected with the rabies viruses rHep-Flury and Hep-dG. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:691. [PMID: 26217322 PMCID: PMC4493837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G) is the principal contributor to the pathogenicity and protective immunity of RABV. In a previous work, we reported that recombinant rabies virus Hep-dG, which was generated by reverse genetics to carry two copies of the G-gene, showed lower virulence than the parental virus rHep-Flury in suckling mice with a better immune protection effect. To better understand the mechanisms underlying rabies virus attenuation and the role of glycoprotein G, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was performed to identify and quantify distinct proteins. 10 and 111 differentially expressed proteins were obtained in rHep-Flury and Hep-dG infection groups, respectively. Selected data were validated by western blot and qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis of the distinct protein suggested that glycoprotein over-expression in the attenuated RABV strain can induce activation of the interferon signaling. Furthermore, it may promote the antiviral response, MHC-I mediated antigen-specific T cell immune response, apoptosis and autophagy in an IFN-dependent manner. These findings might not only improve the understanding of the dynamics of RABV and host interaction, but also help understand the mechanisms underlying innate and adaptive immunity during RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youtian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guangrong Yan
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering and National Engineering and Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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15
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Tang C, Wang Y, Lan D, Feng X, Zhu X, Nie P, Yue H. Analysis of gene expression profiles reveals the regulatory network of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediating the growth of BHK-21 cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:678-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Peiting Nie
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
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16
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Wallis D, Loesch K, Galaviz S, Sun Q, DeJesus M, Ioerger T, Sacchettini JC. High-Throughput Differentiation and Screening of a Library of Mutant Stem Cell Clones Defines New Host-Based Genes Involved in Rabies Virus Infection. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2509-22. [PMID: 25752821 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We used a genomic library of mutant murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and report the methodology required to simultaneously culture, differentiate, and screen more than 3,200 heterozygous mutant clones to identify host-based genes involved in both sensitivity and resistance to rabies virus infection. Established neuronal differentiation protocols were miniaturized such that many clones could be handled simultaneously, and molecular markers were used to show that the resultant cultures were pan-neuronal. Next, we used a green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled rabies virus to develop, validate, and implement one of the first host-based, high-content, high-throughput screens for rabies virus. Undifferentiated cell and neuron cultures were infected with GFP-rabies and live imaging was used to evaluate GFP intensity at time points corresponding to initial infection/uptake and early and late replication. Furthermore, supernatants were used to evaluate viral shedding potential. After repeated testing, 63 genes involved in either sensitivity or resistance to rabies infection were identified. To further explore hits, we used a completely independent system (siRNA) to show that reduction in target gene expression leads to the observed phenotype. We validated the immune modulatory gene Unc13d and the dynein adapter gene Bbs4 by treating wild-type ESCs and primary neurons with siRNA; treated cultures were resistant to rabies infection/replication. Overall, the potential of such in vitro functional genomics screens in stem cells adds additional value to other libraries of stem cells. This technique is applicable to any bacterial or virus interactome and any cell or tissue types that can be differentiated from ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeann Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly Loesch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stacy Galaviz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Qingan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael DeJesus
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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17
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Mehta SM, Banerjee SM, Chowdhary AS. Postgenomics biomarkers for rabies—the next decade of proteomics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:67-79. [PMID: 25611201 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. The pathogenic mechanisms by which rabies virus infection leads to development of neurological disease and death are still poorly understood. Analysis of rabies-infected proteomes may help identify novel biomarkers for antemortem diagnosis of the disease and target molecules for therapeutic intervention. This article offers a literature synthesis and critique of the differentially expressed proteins that have been previously reported from various in vitro/in vivo model systems and naturally infected clinical specimens. The emerging data collectively indicate that, in addition to the obvious alterations in proteins involved in synapse and neurotransmission, a majority of cytoskeletal proteins are relevant as well, providing evidence of neuronal degeneration. An interesting observation is that certain molecules, such as KPNA4, could be potential diagnostic markers for rabies. Importantly, proteomic studies with body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid provide newer insights into antemortem diagnosis. In order to develop a complete integrative biology picture, it is essential to analyze the entire CNS (region-wise) and in particular, the brain. We suggest the use of laboratory animal models over cell culture systems using a combinatorial proteomics approach, as the former is a closer match to the actual host response. While most studies have focused on the terminal stages of the disease in mice, a time-series analysis could provide deeper insights for therapy. Postgenomics technologies such as proteomics warrant more extensive applications in rabies and similar diseases impacting public health around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha M Mehta
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training , Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, India
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18
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Ayatollahi J, Sharifi MR, Shahcheraghi SH. Severe abdominal pain as the first manifestation of rabies. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e11671. [PMID: 25485053 PMCID: PMC4255215 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rabies is an acute fatal viral disease that is generally transmitted from animals to humans following wild and domestic animal bites. The rabies virus enters the body from the area where the individual is bitten, and then the virus moves towards the brain and involves the nerves. Case Presentation: During the years 2001-2011, there have been 73 reported rabies cases. About 50,000 reported human deaths are annually due to rabies. The actual number of human deaths due to rabies in Asia especially India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are more than these numbers, since there is no advanced surveillance system for disease control to determine the actual number of infected and fatal human cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, more than 10 million people who are bitten by animals are annually treated by prophylactic treatment regimens for rabies, worldwide. Conclusions: This paper reports on a case of human rabies with the first disease manifestation (severe abdominal pain). The patient reported extensive biting on his left leg by a dog. He had a slight fever of 38.1°C. It has been recommended that a careful history should be taken from patients for diagnosis of rabies disease. A complete history should be taken from patients for diagnosis of disease, because rabies could be wrong with various diseases with atypical symptoms. because various diseases with atypical symptoms or long incubation periods can visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Ayatollahi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharifi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9132531389, Fax:+98-3518224100, E-mail:
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19
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Zhao P, Yang Y, Feng H, Zhao L, Qin J, Zhang T, Wang H, Yang S, Xia X. Global gene expression changes in BV2 microglial cell line during rabies virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 20:257-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Farahtaj F, Zandi F, Khalaj V, Biglari P, Fayaz A, Vaziri B. Proteomics analysis of human brain tissue infected by street rabies virus. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6443-50. [PMID: 24057270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to extend the knowledge of rabies pathogenesis, a two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry based postmortem comparative proteomics analysis was carried out on human brain samples. Alteration in expression profile of several proteins was detected. Proteins related to cytoskeleton, metabolism, proteasome and immune regulatory systems showed the most changes in expression levels. Among these groups, the cytoskeleton related proteins (dynein light chain, β-centractin, tubulin alpha-1C chain and destrin) and metabolism associated proteins (fatty acid-binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, glutamine synthetase and alpha enolase) were the main altered proteins. These alterations may be considered as an evidence of disturbances in neuronal key processes including axonal transport, synaptic activity, signaling and metabolic pathways in rabies virus infected human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Farahtaj
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Kluge S, Rourou S, Vester D, Majoul S, Benndorf D, Genzel Y, Rapp E, Kallel H, Reichl U. Proteome analysis of virus-host cell interaction: rabies virus replication in Vero cells in two different media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5493-506. [PMID: 23674149 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of Vero cells for rabies vaccine production was recommended from the WHO in 2005. A controlled production process is necessary to reduce the risk of contaminants in the product. One step towards this is to turn away from animal-derived components (e.g. serum, trypsin, bovine serum albumin) and face a production process in animal component-free medium. In this study, a proteomic approach was applied, using 2-D differential gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to compare rabies virus propagation in Vero cells under different cultivation conditions in microcarrier culture. Protein alterations were investigated for uninfected and infected Vero cells over a time span from 1 to 8 days post-infection in two different types of media (serum-free versus serum-containing media). For mock-infected cells, proteins involved in stress response, redox status, protease activity or glycolysis, and protein components in the endoplasmic reticulum were found to be differentially expressed comparing both cultivation media at all sampling points. For virus-infected cells, additionally changes in protein expression involved in general cell regulation and in calcium homeostasis were identified under both cultivation conditions. The fact that neither of these additional proteins was identified for cells during mock infection, but similar protein expression changes were found for both systems during virus propagation, indicates for a specific response of the Vero cell proteome on rabies virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kluge
- Otto von Guericke University, Bioprocess Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Silva SR, Katz ISS, Mori E, Carnieli P, Vieira LFP, Batista HBCR, Chaves LB, Scheffer KC. Biotechnology advances: a perspective on the diagnosis and research of Rabies Virus. Biologicals 2013; 41:217-23. [PMID: 23683880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a widespread zoonotic disease responsible for approximately 55,000 human deaths/year. The direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and the mouse inoculation test (MIT) used for rabies diagnosis, have high sensitivity and specificity, but are expensive and time-consuming. These disadvantages and the identification of new strains of the virus encourage the use of new techniques that are rapid, sensitive, specific and economical for the detection and research of the Rabies Virus (RABV). Real-time RT-PCR, phylogeographic analysis, proteomic assays and DNA recombinant technology have been used in research laboratories. Together, these techniques are effective on samples with low virus titers in the study of molecular epidemiology or in the identification of new disease markers, thus improving the performance of biological assays. In this context, modern advances in molecular technology are now beginning to complement more traditional approaches and promise to revolutionize the diagnosis of rabies. This brief review presents some of the recent molecular tools used for RABV analysis, with emphasis on rabies diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Silva
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Cellular chaperonin CCTγ contributes to rabies virus replication during infection. J Virol 2013; 87:7608-21. [PMID: 23637400 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03186-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies, as the oldest known infectious disease, remains a serious threat to public health worldwide. The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin TRiC/CCT complex facilitates the folding of proteins through ATP hydrolysis. Here, we investigated the expression, cellular localization, and function of neuronal CCTγ during neurotropic rabies virus (RABV) infection using mouse N2a cells as a model. Following RABV infection, 24 altered proteins were identified by using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, including 20 upregulated proteins and 4 downregulated proteins. In mouse N2a cells infected with RABV or cotransfected with RABV genes encoding nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P), confocal microscopy demonstrated that upregulated cellular CCTγ was colocalized with viral proteins N and P, which formed a hollow cricoid inclusion within the region around the nucleus. These inclusions, which correspond to Negri bodies (NBs), did not form in mouse N2a cells only expressing the viral protein N or P. Knockdown of CCTγ by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference led to significant inhibition of RABV replication. These results demonstrate that the complex consisting of viral proteins N and P recruits CCTγ to NBs and identify the chaperonin CCTγ as a host factor that facilitates intracellular RABV replication. This work illustrates how viruses can utilize cellular chaperonins and compartmentalization for their own benefit.
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Venugopal AK, Ghantasala SSK, Selvan LDN, Mahadevan A, Renuse S, Kumar P, Pawar H, Sahasrabhuddhe NA, Suja MS, Ramachandra YL, Prasad TSK, Madhusudhana SN, HC H, Chaerkady R, Satishchandra P, Pandey A, Shankar SK. Quantitative proteomics for identifying biomarkers for Rabies. Clin Proteomics 2013; 10:3. [PMID: 23521751 PMCID: PMC3660221 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rabies is a fatal acute viral disease of the central nervous system, which is a serious public health problem in Asian and African countries. Based on the clinical presentation, rabies can be classified into encephalitic (furious) or paralytic (numb) rabies. Early diagnosis of this disease is particularly important as rabies is invariably fatal if adequate post exposure prophylaxis is not administered immediately following the bite. METHODS In this study, we carried out a quantitative proteomic analysis of the human brain tissue from cases of encephalitic and paralytic rabies along with normal human brain tissues using an 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) strategy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We identified 402 proteins, of which a number of proteins were differentially expressed between encephalitic and paralytic rabies, including several novel proteins. The differentially expressed molecules included karyopherin alpha 4 (KPNA4), which was overexpressed only in paralytic rabies, calcium calmodulin dependent kinase 2 alpha (CAMK2A), which was upregulated in paralytic rabies group and glutamate ammonia ligase (GLUL), which was overexpressed in paralytic as well as encephalitic rabies. We validated two of the upregulated molecules, GLUL and CAMK2A, by dot blot assays and further validated CAMK2A by immunohistochemistry. These molecules need to be further investigated in body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid in a larger cohort of rabies cases to determine their potential use as antemortem diagnostic biomarkers in rabies. This is the first study to systematically profile clinical subtypes of human rabies using an iTRAQ quantitative proteomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash K Venugopal
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, 577451, India
| | - S Sameer Kumar Ghantasala
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, 577451, India
| | - Lakshmi Dhevi N Selvan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Harsh Pawar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India
| | - Nandini A Sahasrabhuddhe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mooriyath S Suja
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | | | - Thottethodi S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Shampur N Madhusudhana
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Harsha HC
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | | | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 733 N. Broadway, BRB 527, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Susarla K Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
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Liang HR, Liu Q, Zheng XX, Gai WW, Xue XH, Hu GQ, Wu HX, Wang HL, Yang ST, Xia XZ. Aptamers targeting rabies virus-infected cells inhibit viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Virus Res 2013; 173:398-403. [PMID: 23333291 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is an acute fatal encephalitis disease that affects many warm-blooded mammals. The causative agent of the disease is Rabies virus (RABV). Currently, no approved therapy is available once the clinical signs have appeared. Aptamers, oligonucleotide ligands capable of binding a variety of molecular targets with high affinity and specificity, have recently emerged as promising therapeutic agents. In this study, sixteen high-affinity single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were generated by cell-SELEX. Viral titer assays revealed aptamers could specifically inhibit the replication of RABV in cells but did not inhibit the replication of canine distemper virus or canine parvovirus. In addition, the FO21 and FO24 aptamers, with and without PEGylation, were found to effectively protect mice against lethal RABV challenge. When mice were inoculated with aptamers for 24h prior to inoculation with CVS-11, approximately 87.5% of the mice survived. Here, we report aptamers that could significantly protect the mice from a lethal dose of RABV in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by the results for survival rate, weight loss and viral titers. These results indicate that FO21 and FO24 aptamers are a promising agent for specific antiviral against RABV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Liang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130062, China
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26
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Zandi F, Eslami N, Torkashvand F, Fayaz A, Khalaj V, Vaziri B. Expression changes of cytoskeletal associated proteins in proteomic profiling of neuroblastoma cells infected with different strains of rabies virus. J Med Virol 2012; 85:336-47. [PMID: 23168799 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus invades the nervous system, induces neuronal dysfunction and causes death of the host. The disruption of the cytoskeletal integrity and synaptic structures of the neurons by rabies virus has been postulated as a possible basis for neuronal dysfunction. In the present study, a two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry proteomics analysis of neuroblastoma cells revealed a significant effect of a virulent strain of rabies virus on the host cytoskeleton related proteins which was quite different from that of an attenuated strain. Vimentin, actin cytoplasmic 1 isoform, profilin I, and Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor were host cell cytoskeletal related proteins changed by the virulent strain. The proteomics data indicated that the virulent strain of rabies virus induces significant expression changes in the vimentin and actin cytoskeleton networks of neurons which could be a strong clue for the relation of cytoskeletal integrity distraction and rabies virus pathogenesis. In addition, the expression alteration of other host proteins, particularly some structural and regulatory proteins may have potential roles in rabies virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zandi
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Lippé R. Deciphering novel host-herpesvirus interactions by virion proteomics. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:181. [PMID: 22783234 PMCID: PMC3390586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, a vast array of information concerning the interactions of viruses with their hosts has been collected. However, recent advances in proteomics and other system biology techniques suggest these interactions are far more complex than anticipated. One particularly interesting and novel aspect is the analysis of cellular proteins incorporated into mature virions. Though sometimes considered purification contaminants in the past, their repeated detection by different laboratories suggests that a number of these proteins are bona fide viral components, some of which likely contribute to the viral life cycles. The present mini review focuses on cellular proteins detected in herpesviruses. It highlights the common cellular functions of these proteins, their potential implications for host–pathogen interactions, discusses technical limitations, the need for complementing methods and probes potential future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lippé
- Department of Pathology and Cell biology, University of Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ding Z, Li ZJ, Zhang XD, Li YG, Liu CJ, Zhang YP, Li Y. Proteomic alteration of Marc-145 cells and PAMs after infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 145:206-13. [PMID: 22137209 PMCID: PMC7112595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections usually result in alterations in the host cell proteome, which determine the fate of infected cells and the progress of pathogenesis. To uncover cellular protein responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and Marc-145 cells were subjected to proteomic analysis involving two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS identification. Altered expression of 44 protein spots in infected cells was identified in 2D gels, of which the 29 characterised by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS included 17 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated proteins. Some of these proteins were further confirmed at the mRNA level using real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, Western blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of HSP27, vimentin and the down-regulation of galectin-1. Our study is the first attempt to analyze the cellular protein profile of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells using proteomics to provide valuable information about the effects of PRRSV-induced alterations on Marc-145 cell function. Further study of the affected proteins may facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms of PRRSV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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Thanomsridetchai N, Singhto N, Tepsumethanon V, Shuangshoti S, Wacharapluesadee S, Sinchaikul S, Chen ST, Hemachudha T, Thongboonkerd V. Comprehensive proteome analysis of hippocampus, brainstem, and spinal cord from paralytic and furious dogs naturally infected with rabies. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4911-24. [PMID: 21942679 DOI: 10.1021/pr200276u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Paralytic and furious forms are unique clinical entities of rabies in humans and dogs. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders remained unclear. We investigated changes in proteomes of the hippocampus, brainstem and spinal cord of paralytic and furious dogs naturally infected with rabies compared to noninfected controls. Proteins were extracted from these tissues and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) (n = 6 gels/region in each group, a total of 54 gels were analyzed). From >1000 protein spots visualized in each gel, spot matching, quantitative intensity analysis, and ANOVA with Tukey's posthoc multiple comparisons revealed 32, 49, and 67 protein spots that were differentially expressed among the three clinical groups in the hippocampus, brainstem and spinal cord, respectively. These proteins were then identified by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS and MS/MS), including antioxidants, apoptosis-related proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, heat shock proteins/chaperones, immune regulatory proteins, metabolic enzymes, neuron-specific proteins, transcription/translation regulators, ubiquitination/proteasome-related proteins, vesicular transport proteins, and hypothetical proteins. Among these, 13, 17, and 41 proteins in the hippocampus, brainstem and spinal cord, respectively, significantly differed between paralytic and furious forms and thus may potentially be biomarkers to differentiate these two distinct forms of rabies. In summary, we report herein for the first time a large data set of changes in proteomes of the hippocampus, brainstem and spinal cord in dogs naturally infected with rabies. These data will be useful for better understanding of molecular mechanisms of rabies and for differentiation of its paralytic and furious forms.
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Zheng J, Sugrue RJ, Tang K. Mass spectrometry based proteomic studies on viruses and hosts--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:149-59. [PMID: 21839192 PMCID: PMC7094357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In terms of proteomic research in the 21st century, the realm of virology is still regarded as an enormous challenge mainly brought by three aspects, namely, studying on the complex proteome of the virus with unexpected variations, developing more accurate analytical techniques as well as understanding viral pathogenesis and virus-host interaction dynamics. Progresses in these areas will be helpful to vaccine design and antiviral drugs discovery. Mass spectrometry based proteomics have shown exceptional display of capabilities, not only precisely identifying viral and cellular proteins that are functionally, structurally, and dynamically changed upon virus infection, but also enabling us to detect important pathway proteins. In addition, many isolation and purification techniques and quantitative strategies in conjunction with MS can significantly improve the sensitivity of mass spectrometry for detecting low-abundant proteins, replenishing the stock of virus proteome and enlarging the protein-protein interaction maps. Nevertheless, only a small proportion of the infectious viruses in both of animal and plant have been studied using this approach. As more virus and host genomes are being sequenced, MS-based proteomics is becoming an indispensable tool for virology. In this paper, we provide a brief review of the current technologies and their applications in studying selected viruses and hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Richard J. Sugrue
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Kai Tang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Quantitative proteomic analyses of influenza virus-infected cultured human lung cells. J Virol 2010; 84:10888-906. [PMID: 20702633 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00431-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because they are obligate intracellular parasites, all viruses are exclusively and intimately dependent upon host cells for replication. Viruses, in turn, induce profound changes within cells, including apoptosis, morphological changes, and activation of signaling pathways. Many of these alterations have been analyzed by gene arrays, which measure the cellular "transcriptome." Until recently, it has not been possible to extend comparable types of studies to globally examine all the host cellular proteins, which are the actual effector molecules. We have used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), combined with high-throughput two-dimensional (2-D) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometry, to determine quantitative differences in host proteins after infection of human lung A549 cells with human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) for 24 h. Of the 4,689 identified and measured cytosolic protein pairs, 127 were significantly upregulated at >95% confidence, 153 were significantly downregulated at >95% confidence, and a total of 87 proteins were upregulated or downregulated more than 5-fold at >99% confidence. Gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated differentially regulated proteins and included those involved in host cell immunity and antigen presentation, cell adhesion, metabolism, protein function, signal transduction, and transcription pathways.
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