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Tosi M, Coloretti I, Meschiari M, De Biasi S, Girardis M, Busani S. The Interplay between Antibiotics and the Host Immune Response in Sepsis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38786135 PMCID: PMC11117367 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis poses a significant global health challenge due to immune system dysregulation. This narrative review explores the complex relationship between antibiotics and the immune system, aiming to clarify the involved mechanisms and their clinical impacts. From pre-clinical studies, antibiotics exhibit various immunomodulatory effects, including the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, interaction with Toll-Like Receptors, modulation of the P38/Pmk-1 Pathway, inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases, blockade of nitric oxide synthase, and regulation of caspase-induced apoptosis. Additionally, antibiotic-induced alterations to the microbiome are associated with changes in systemic immunity, affecting cellular and humoral responses. The adjunctive use of antibiotics in sepsis patients, particularly macrolides, has attracted attention due to their immune-regulatory effects. However, there are limited data comparing different types of macrolides. More robust evidence comes from studies on community-acquired pneumonia, especially in severe cases with a hyper-inflammatory response. While studies on septic shock have shown mixed results regarding mortality rates and immune response modulation, conflicting findings are also observed with macrolides in acute respiratory distress syndrome. In conclusion, there is a pressing need to tailor antibiotic therapy based on the patient's immune profile to optimize outcomes in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Irene Coloretti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena, and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Stefano Busani
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.T.); (I.C.); (M.G.)
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2
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Diemler CA, MacLean M, Heuer SE, Hewes AA, Marola OJ, Libby RT, Howell GR. Microglia Depletion leads to Increased Susceptibility to Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583529. [PMID: 38496398 PMCID: PMC10942367 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, microglia have been highlighted for playing integral roles in neurodegenerative diseases, like glaucoma. To better understand the role of microglia during chronic ocular hypertension, we depleted microglia from aged (9-12 months old) DBA/2J (D2) mice, which exhibit age-related increases in intraocular pressure, using a dietary CSF1R antagonist, PLX5622. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas were counted, and optic nerve cross-sections stained and assessed for glaucomatous damage. Sustained administration of dietary PLX5622 significantly reduced the numbers of retinal microglia. Dietary PLX5622 did not lead to changes in intraocular pressure in D2 or normotensive DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ (D2-Gpnmb+) control mice. While PLX5622-treated D2-Gpnmb+ did not develop optic nerve damage, PLX5622-treated D2 mice showed a significant increase in moderate-to-severe optic nerve damage compared to D2 mice fed a control diet. In conclusion, global reduction of microglia exacerbated glaucomatous neurodegeneration in D2 mice suggesting microglia play an overall beneficial role in protecting from ocular hypertension associated RGC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A. Diemler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | | | - Sarah E. Heuer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Richard T. Libby
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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3
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Sales AJ, Joca SRL, Del Bel E, Guimarães FS. The antidepressant-like effect of doxycycline is associated with decreased nitric oxide metabolite levels in the prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114764. [PMID: 37972712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Doxycycline is an antibiotic that has shown neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects. Low doses of doxycycline revert the behavioral and neuroinflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in a mice model of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the antidepressant action of doxycycline are not yet understood. Doxycycline inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which increases after stress exposure. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibition also causes antidepressant-like effects in animal models sensitive to antidepressant-like effects such as the forced swimming test (FST). However, no direct study has yet investigated if the antidepressant-like effects of doxycycline could involve changes in NO-mediated neurotransmission. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating: i) the behavioral effects induced by doxycycline alone or in association with ineffective doses of a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) or an iNOS inhibitor (1400 W) in mice subjected to the FST; and ii) doxycycline effects in NO metabolite levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus these animals. Male mice (8 weeks) received i.p. injection of saline or doxycycline (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg), alone or combined with SNP (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) or 1400 W (1, 3, and 10 µg/kg), and 30 min later were submitted to the FST. Animals were sacrificed immediately after, and NO metabolites nitrate/nitrite (NOx) were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Doxycycline (50 mg/kg) reduced both the immobility time in the FST and NOx levels in the prefrontal cortex of mice compared to the saline group. The antidepressant-like effect of doxycycline in the FST was prevented by SNP (1 mg/kg) pretreatment. Additionally, sub-effective doses of doxycycline (30 mg/kg) associated with 1400 W (1 µg/kg) induced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST. Altogether, our data suggest that the reducing NO levels in the prefrontal cortex through inhibition of iNOS could be related to acute doxycycline treatment resulting in rapid antidepressant-like effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Departament of Basic and Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Rassouli A, Shihmani B, Mehrzad J, Shokrpoor S. The immunomodulatory effect of minocycline on gene expression of inflammation related cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2159-2165. [PMID: 35622407 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2077743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of minocycline, the present study was carried out on the gene expression of toll-like receptor type-4 (TLR4) and some pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs were collected and then 5.4 × 106 PBMCs/mL were used in eight groups as follows: control group (only media), LPS group (only LPS), methylprednisolone (Pred) group (LPS plus Pred), meloxicam (Melo) group (LPS plus Melo), three minocycline groups [M1, M5 and M25] (LPS plus 1, 5, and 25 µg/mL minocycline, respectively) and minocycline control (MC) group (5 µg/mL minocycline). After incubation for 24 h, the PBMCs were subjected to quantitative PCR assays. Gene expression levels of TLR4 were not changed in any groups. The IL-1β levels were increased in the LPS group but the increases were much more intense in the other groups except Pred group. Compared with control group, IL-6 levels increased significantly in Melo, M1 and M25 groups. Significant increases of IL-10 levels were also observed in Melo, M25 and MC groups. It can be concluded that minocycline had dual pro- and anti-inflammatory activities with potential clinical immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rassouli
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basim Shihmani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Shihmani B, Rassouli A, Mehrzad J, Shokrpoor S. The anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide-induced paw oedema in rats: a histopathological and molecular study. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01236-7. [PMID: 37119392 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline is a semi-synthetic antimicrobial agent with claimed anti-inflammatory properties reported from different experimental models. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline, compared to the actions of two common anti-inflammatory agents, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced paw oedema through some clinical, histopathological, haematological and molecular analyses. Forty-eight rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6). In control group (Ctrl), each animal was injected with normal saline into its sub-plantar region of hind paw. In groups 2-7, hind paw oedema was induced by injection of LPS. One hour before injections, groups 1 (Ctrl) and 2 (LPS) were treated orally with distilled water, 3 and 4 with methylprednisolone (Pred) and meloxicam (Melo) and 5-7 with minocycline in doses of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg (M50, M150 and M450, respectively). The 8th group (MC) was given minocycline (150 mg/kg) orally and normal saline was injected into sub-plantar region. Paw swelling and body temperature were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post-injections. At 24 h, samples of blood and liver, kidney, spleen and hind paw tissues were taken for haematological and histopathological examinations. Some samples of the paw were also obtained for molecular analysis of some inflammatory-related cytokines at mRNA level. Paw swelling and body temperature increased in all LPS-injected groups 2 h post-injection. In LPS group, they remained significantly increased up to 24 h; however, these parameters decreased to normal in Pred, Melo and all minocycline groups. The histological findings showed mild-to-moderate signs of inflammation in tissue samples of groups 2-6, but not in group M450. Additionally, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) increased significantly in LPS group compared to other groups. In conclusion, this study supports the role of minocycline as an anti-inflammatory agent with effects comparable to those of meloxicam and methylprednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Shihmani
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1419963114, Iran
| | - Ali Rassouli
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1419963114, Iran.
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Musher DM. Doxycycline to Treat Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:692-693. [PMID: 35926091 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Musher
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Khan AM, Gangoo IKA, Ali NA, Khan M, Javed MQ, AlAttas MH, Abulhamael AM, Bahammam HA, Alsofi L, Yahya RSA. The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide, Triple Antibiotic Paste and Chlorhexidine on Pain in Teeth with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3091. [PMID: 36833788 PMCID: PMC9967357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main reasons for post endodontic pain is the polymicrobial intracanal flora that may survive the initial disinfection. A single antimicrobial agent might not provide adequate disinfection, and an antimicrobial combination such as triple antibiotic paste was tested to achieve this goal. AIM The study aimed to assess the efficacy of three intra-canal medicaments on post root canal preparation pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty patients with single-rooted necrotic teeth and symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 20). Their preoperative pain was recorded on Wong-Baker's FACES pain rating scale. After chemo-mechanical canal preparation, intracanal medications were applied to the groups (Group 1 (20% calcium hydroxide), Group 2 (2% chlorhexidine), Group 3 (tri-antibiotic paste), Group 4 (no medication (Control group)). Patients were instructed to record pain on the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale at 4, 48, 72 and 96 hrs, postoperatively. Pain scores were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test and, if significant, Dunn's test was used for pair-wise comparisons. The significance level was set at a p-value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Tukey's post hoc test revealed significantly lower pain scores in Group 3 compared with other groups at all follow up intervals. Dunnett's test showed significantly lower pain in Group 3 compared with the Control group at 48, 72 and 96 hrs, postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Triple-antibiotic paste showed effective pain control as an intracanal medication on necrotic teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Munir Khan
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naila Amir Ali
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Foundation University, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Javed
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Hussein AlAttas
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Abulhamael
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammam Ahmed Bahammam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Suliman Al Yahya
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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Cardioprotective effects of minocycline against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114055. [PMID: 36495663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity has limited its use. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis have important roles in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Minocycline (Min) is an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, the cardioprotective effects of Min against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in adult male rats were evaluated. METHODS Forty-two adult male rats were divided into six groups including control group (normal saline), Dox group, Min groups (Min 45 mg/kg and Min 90 mg/kg), and treatment groups (Dox + Min 45 mg/kg and Dox + Min 90 mg/kg). Dox (2.5 mg/kg) was administered three times a week for two weeks, and Min once a day for three weeks via intraperitoneal route. Cardiac tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in serum as well as the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cardiac tissue were measured. Cardiac tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, and IL-1β were also measured using ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the Dox group, treatment with Min significantly decreased the activity of LDH and CK-MB. Min also increased the activity of catalase and SOD in the tissue samples. The results showed that the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β in cardiac tissue samples were significantly lower in the Min groups compared with the Dox group. In addition, histopathological results showed that Min reduced the tissue damage caused by Dox. CONCLUSION Min reduced Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Min may contribute to its protective effects.
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Tan Z, Guo Y, Shrestha M, Sun D, Gregory-Ksander M, Jakobs TC. Microglia depletion exacerbates retinal ganglion cell loss in a mouse model of glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109273. [PMID: 36206859 PMCID: PMC10970711 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To test whether depletion of microglia in the optic nerve head has a beneficial effect on retinal ganglion cell numbers and function, we depleted microglia by oral administration of the CSF1R antagonist PLX5622. Then, ocular hypertension was induced by unilateral injection of magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber. Visual function was assessed with pattern electroretinography and measurement of the optomotor reflex. Retinal ganglion cell bodies and axons were counted and gene expression patterns in optic nerve head astrocytes were tested on freshly dissociated astrocytes. PLX5622 efficiently depleted microglia in the retina and the optic nerve head, but about 20% of microglia persisted in the myelinated optic nerve proper even after prolonged exposure to the drug. PLX5622 did not affect ganglion cell function by itself. Elevation of the IOP for four weeks led to the expected decrease in visual acuity and pattern ERG amplitude. Microglia ablation did not affect these parameters. Ganglion cell and axon numbers were counted histologically post mortem. Mice in the microglia depletion group showed a moderate but significantly greater loss of ganglion cells than the control group. At four weeks post microbead injection, gene expression patterns in optic nerve head astrocytes are consistent with an A2 (or neuroprotective) pattern. Microglia depletion blunted the up-regulation of A2 genes in astrocytes. In conclusion, microglia depletion is unlikely to protect retinal ganglion cells in early glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhu Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Maleeka Shrestha
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Meredith Gregory-Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tatjana C Jakobs
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University School of Medicine, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Tu Y, Muley MM, Beggs S, Salter MW. Microglia-independent peripheral neuropathic pain in male and female mice. Pain 2022; 163:e1129-e1144. [PMID: 35384869 PMCID: PMC9578531 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The dominant view in the field of pain is that peripheral neuropathic pain is driven by microglia in the somatosensory processing region of the spinal dorsal horn. Here, to the contrary, we discovered a form of neuropathic pain that is independent of microglia. Mice in which the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc was apposed to the sciatic nerve developed a constellation of neuropathic pain behaviours: hypersensitivity to mechanical, cold, and heat stimuli. However, NP application caused no activation of spinal microglia nor was pain hypersensitivity reversed by microglial inhibition. Rather, NP-induced pain hypersensitivity was dependent on cells within the NP which recruited macrophages to the adjacent nerve. Eliminating macrophages systemically or locally prevented NP-induced pain hypersensitivity. Pain hypersensitivity was also prevented by genetically disrupting the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor selectively in macrophages. Moreover, the behavioural phenotypes as well as the molecular mechanisms of NP-induced pain hypersensitivity were not different between males and females. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism for by which a discrete peripheral nerve lesion may produce pain hypersensitivity, which may help to explain the limited success of microglial inhibitors on neuropathic pain in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuShan Tu
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milind M. Muley
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Beggs
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL GOSH Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Salter
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Garrido-Mesa J, Adams K, Galvez J, Garrido-Mesa N. Repurposing tetracyclines for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe COVID-19: A critical discussion of recent publications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:475-482. [PMID: 35294307 PMCID: PMC9115781 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2054325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Drug repurposing can be a successful approach to deal with the scarcity of cost-effective therapies in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Tetracyclines have previously shown efficacy in preclinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) models and initial predictions and experimental reports suggest a direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV2. Furthermore, a few clinical reports indicate their potential in COVID-19 patients. In addition to the scarcity and limitations of the scientific evidence, the effectiveness of tetracyclines in experimental ARDS has been proven extensively, counteracting the overt inflammatory reaction and fibrosis sequelae due to a synergic combination of pharmacological activities. Areas covered This paper discusses the scientific evidence behind the application of tetracyclines for ARDS/COVID-19. Expert Opinion The benefits of their multi-target pharmacology and their safety profile overcome the limitations, such as antibiotic activity and low commercial interest. Immunomodulatory tetracyclines and novel chemically modified non-antibiotic tetracyclines have therapeutic potential. Further drug repurposing studies in ARDS and severe COVID-19 are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Garrido-Mesa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Kate Adams
- Department of Bioscience, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, AND Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Garrido-Mesa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry. Kingston University, London, UK
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12
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Lago K, Telu K, Tribble D, Ganesan A, Kunz A, Geist C, Fraser J, Mitra I, Lalani T, Yun HC. Doxycycline Malaria Prophylaxis Impact on Risk of Travelers' Diarrhea among International Travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1864-1870. [PMID: 32815505 PMCID: PMC7646764 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
International travelers are frequently at risk for travelers' diarrhea (TD) and malaria. Doxycycline was one of the earliest antibiotics shown to have efficacy in TD prevention. With increasing resistance and recommendations against antibiotic chemoprophylaxis, doxycycline fell out of use. We evaluated TD incidence and risk factors in a prospective cohort of travelers, specifically in regard to malaria prophylaxis. Travelers' diarrhea was defined as ≥ 3 loose stools in 24 hours or two loose stools in 24 hours associated with other gastrointestinal symptoms. The Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to estimate the RR of TD. Three thousand two hundred twenty-seven trips were enrolled: 62.1% of participants were male, with a median age of 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 27,59) and a median travel duration of 19 days (IQR 12,49); 17.4% developed TD; 32% traveled to Africa, 40% to Asia, and 27% to the Caribbean and Latin America; and 20% took doxycycline for malaria chemoprophylaxis, 50% took other antimalarials, and 30% took none. Decreased RR of TD was associated with doxycycline (RR 0.62 [0.47-0.82], P < 0.01) and military travel (RR 0.57 [0.47-0.70], P < 0.01). Increased risk of TD was associated with female gender (RR 1.28 [1.09-1.50], P < 0.01), hotel accommodations (RR 1.30 [1.10-1.53], P < 0.01), travel to tropical South America (RR 1.34 [1.09-1.64], P < 0.01), and duration of travel (RR 1.00 [1.00-1.01], P < 0.01). The use of doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis is associated with lower TD risk, suggesting increasing bacterial enteropathogen susceptibility similar to previous observations. Doxycycline selection for antimalarial chemoprophylaxis may provide additional traveler benefit in infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lago
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kalyani Telu
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anjali Kunz
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Charla Geist
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
| | - Jamie Fraser
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Indrani Mitra
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
- Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Heather C. Yun
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - for the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program TravMil Study Group
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
- Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
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13
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Yi Z, Keung KL, Li L, Hu M, Lu B, Nicholson L, Jimenez-Vera E, Menon MC, Wei C, Alexander S, Murphy B, O’Connell PJ, Zhang W. Key driver genes as potential therapeutic targets in renal allograft rejection. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136220. [PMID: 32634125 PMCID: PMC7455082 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) in renal transplantation is an established risk factor for reduced allograft survival. Molecules with regulatory control among immune pathways of AR that are inadequately suppressed, despite standard-of-care immunosuppression, could serve as important targets for therapeutic manipulation to prevent rejection. Here, an integrative, network-based computational strategy incorporating gene expression and genotype data of human renal allograft biopsy tissue was applied, to identify the master regulators - the key driver genes (KDGs) - within dysregulated AR pathways. A 982-meta-gene signature with differential expression in AR versus non-AR was identified from a meta-analysis of microarray data from 735 human kidney allograft biopsy samples across 7 data sets. Fourteen KDGs were derived from this signature. Interrogation of 2 publicly available databases identified compounds with predicted efficacy against individual KDGs or a key driver-based gene set, respectively, which could be repurposed for AR prevention. Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, was chosen for experimental validation in a murine cardiac allograft model of AR. Minocycline attenuated the inflammatory profile of AR compared with controls and when coadministered with immunosuppression prolonged graft survival. This study demonstrates that a network-based strategy, using expression and genotype data to predict KDGs, assists target prioritization for therapeutics in renal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen L. Keung
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bo Lu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leigh Nicholson
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elvira Jimenez-Vera
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Madhav C. Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Alexander
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Nephrology Department, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip J. O’Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Lago K, Telu K, Tribble D, Ganesan A, Kunz A, Geist C, Fraser J, Mitra I, Lalani T, Yun H, For The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program TravMil Study Group. Impact of Doxycycline as Malaria Prophylaxis on Risk of Influenza-Like Illness among International Travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:821-826. [PMID: 32043448 PMCID: PMC7124920 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Travelers are often at risk for both influenza-like illness (ILI) and malaria. Doxycycline is active against pathogens causing ILI and is used for malaria prophylaxis. We evaluated the risk factors for ILI, and whether the choice of malaria prophylaxis was associated with ILI. TravMil is a prospective observational study enrolling subjects presenting to military travel clinics. Influenza-like illness was defined as subjective fever with either a sore throat or cough. Characteristics of trip and use of malaria prophylaxis were analyzed to determine association with development of ILI. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to estimate relative risk (RR) of ILI. A total of 3,227 trips were enrolled: 62.1% male, median age of 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 27,59), median travel duration 19 days (IQR 12, 49); 32% traveled to Africa, 40% to Asia, and 27% to the Caribbean and Latin America. Military travel (46%) and vacation (40%) were most common reasons for travel. Among them, 20% took doxycycline, 50% other prophylaxis, and 30% took none; 8.7% developed ILI. Decreased RR of ILI was associated with doxycycline (RR 0.65 [0.43–0.99], P = 0.046) and military travel (RR 0.30 [0.21–0.43], P < 0.01). Increased risk of ILI was associated with female gender (RR 1.57 [1.24–1.98], P < 0.01), travel to Asia (RR 1.37 [1.08–1.75], P = 0.01), and cruises (RR 2.21 [1.73–2.83], P < 0.01). Use of doxycycline malaria prophylaxis is associated with a decreased risk of ILI. Possible reasons include anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial effects, or other unmeasured factors. With few strategies for decreasing ILI in travelers, these findings bear further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lago
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Kalyani Telu
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Tribble
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anjali Kunz
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany.,Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Charla Geist
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jamie Fraser
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Indrani Mitra
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather Yun
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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15
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Abstract
Retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, are the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The mainstay of treatment for these blinding diseases remains to be surgery, and the available pharmaceutical therapies on the market are limited, partially owing to various biological barriers in hindering the delivery of therapeutics to the retina. The nanoparticulate drug delivery system confers the capability for delivering therapeutics to the specific ocular targets and, hence, potentially revolutionizes the current treatment landscape of retinal diseases. While the research to date indicates the enormous therapeutics potentials of the nanoparticulate delivery systems, the successful translation of these systems from the bench to bedside is challenging and requires a combined understanding of retinal pathology, physiology of the eye, and particle and formulation designs of nanoparticles. To this end, the review begins with an overview of the most prevalent retinal diseases and related pharmacotherapy. Highlights of the current challenges encountered in ocular drug delivery for each administration route are provided, followed by critical appraisal of various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the retinal diseases, including their formulation designs, therapeutic merits, limitations, and future direction. It is believed that a greater understanding of the nano-biointeraction in eyes will lead to the development of more sophisticated drug delivery systems for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingwen Weng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Yip Thomas Lee
- Aptorum Group Limited, Unit 232, 12 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin New Town, Hong Kong
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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16
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Understanding intracellular trafficking and anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline chitosan-nanoparticles in human gingival fibroblasts for periodontal disease treatment. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Tariq R, Cho J, Kapoor S, Orenstein R, Singh S, Pardi DS, Khanna S. Low Risk of Primary Clostridium difficile Infection With Tetracyclines: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:514-522. [PMID: 29401273 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The choice of antibiotics for systemic infections in patients with a high risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a clinical practice dilemma. Although some studies suggest that tetracyclines may be associated with a lower risk of CDI than other antibiotics, other results are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of studies that assessed the risk of CDI with tetracyclines compared to other antibiotics. Methods We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1978 through December 2016 to include studies that assessed the association between tetracycline use and risk of CDI. Weighted summary estimates were calculated using generalized inverse variance with a random-effects model using RevMan 5.3. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results Six studies (4 case control, 2 cohort) with patient recruitment between 1993 and 2012 were included. Metaanalysis using a random-effects model, demonstrated that tetracyclines were associated with a decreased risk of CDI (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.81; P < .001). There was significant heterogeneity, with an I2 of 53% with no publication bias. Subgroup analysis of studies that evaluated the risk of CDI with doxycycline alone also demonstrated a decreased risk of CDI (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.75; P < .001). Conclusions Metaanalyses of existing studies suggest that tetracyclines may be associated with a decreased risk of CDI compared with other antimicrobials. It may be reasonable to use tetracyclines whenever appropriate to decrease CDI associated with antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raseen Tariq
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, New York
| | - Janice Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Saloni Kapoor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Orenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Darrell S Pardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Zhang T, Nong J, Alzahrani N, Wang Z, Oh SW, Meier T, Yang DG, Ke Y, Zhong Y, Fu J. Self-Assembly of DNA-Minocycline Complexes by Metal Ions with Controlled Drug Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29512-29521. [PMID: 31397552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we reported a study of metal ions-assisted assembly of DNA-minocycline (MC) complexes and their potential application for controlling MC release. In the presence of divalent cations of magnesium or calcium ions (M2+), MC, a zwitterionic tetracycline analogue, was found to bind to phosphate groups of nucleic acids via an electrostatic bridge of phosphate (DNA)-M2+-MC. We investigated multiple parameters for affecting the formation of DNA-Mg2+-MC complex, including metal ion concentrations, base composition, DNA length, and single- versus double-stranded DNA. For different nitrogen bases, single-stranded poly(A)20 and poly(T)20 showed a higher MC entrapment efficiency of DNA-Mg2+-MC complex than poly(C)20 and poly(G)20. Single-stranded DNA was also found to form a more stable DNA-Mg2+-MC complex than double-stranded DNA. Between different divalent metal ions, we observed that the formation of DNA-Ca2+-MC complex was more stable and efficient than the formation of DNA-Mg2+-MC complex. Toward drug release, we used agarose gel to encapsulate DNA-Mg2+-MC complexes and monitored MC release. Some DNA-Mg2+-MC complexes could prolong MC release from agarose gel to more than 10 days as compared with the quick release of free MC from agarose gel in less than 1 day. The released MC from DNA-Mg2+-MC complexes retained the anti-inflammatory bioactivity to inhibit nitric oxide production from pro-inflammatory macrophages. The reported study of metal ion-assisted DNA-MC assembly not only increased our understanding of biochemical interactions between tetracycline molecules and nucleic acids but also contributed to the development of a highly tunable drug delivery system to mediate MC release for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
| | - Jia Nong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nouf Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Sung Won Oh
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
| | - Tristan Meier
- Eastern Regional High School , 1401 Laurel Oak Road , Voorhees , New Jersey 08043 , United States
| | - Dong Gyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Emory School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Yinghui Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jinglin Fu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University-Camden , 315 Penn Street , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
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19
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Urquhart AJ, Eriksen AZ. Recent developments in liposomal drug delivery systems for the treatment of retinal diseases. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1660-1668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Camacho-Hernández NP, Lorea-Hernández JJ, Peña-Ortega F. Microglial modulators reduce respiratory rhythm long-term facilitation in vitro. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 265:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Glial inhibitors only reverse mechanical hypersensitivity in male mice subjected to arthritis. No obvious arthritis-related transcriptional difference was identified between male and female spinal microglia. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of spinal glial cells in the maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity in rodent models of chronic pain. We have used the collagen antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model to examine differences between males and females in the context of spinal regulation of arthritis-induced pain. We have focused on the late phase of this model when joint inflammation has resolved, but mechanical hypersensitivity persists. Although the intensity of substance P, calcitonin gene–related peptide, and galanin immunoreactivity in the spinal cord was not different from controls, the intensity of microglia (Iba-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein) markers was elevated in both males and females. Intrathecal administration of the glial inhibitors minocycline and pentoxifylline reversed mechanical thresholds in male, but not in female mice. We isolated resident microglia from the lumbar dorsal horns and observed a significantly lower number of microglial cells in females by flow cytometry analysis. However, although genome-wide RNA sequencing results pointed to several transcriptional differences between male and female microglia, no convincing differences were identified between control and CAIA groups. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are subtle sex differences in microglial expression profiles independent of arthritis. Our experiments failed to identify the underlying mRNA correlates of microglial actions in the late phase of the CAIA model. It is likely that transcriptional changes are either subtle and highly localised and therefore difficult to identify with bulk isolation techniques or that other factors, such as changes in protein expression or epigenetic modifications, are at play.
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22
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Garrido-Mesa J, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Vezza T, Hidalgo-Garcia L, Garrido-Barros M, Utrilla MP, Garcia F, Chueca N, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Garrido-Mesa N, Gálvez J. Immunomodulatory tetracyclines shape the intestinal inflammatory response inducing mucosal healing and resolution. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4353-4370. [PMID: 30184260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immunomodulatory tetracyclines are well-characterized drugs with a pharmacological potential beyond their antibiotic properties. Specifically, minocycline and doxycycline have shown beneficial effects in experimental colitis, although pro-inflammatory actions have also been described in macrophages. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the mechanism behind their effect in acute intestinal inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A comparative pharmacological study was initially used to elucidate the most relevant actions of immunomodulatory tetracyclines: doxycycline, minocycline and tigecycline; other antibiotic or immunomodulatory drugs were assessed in bone marrow-derived macrophages and in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis, where different barrier markers, inflammatory mediators, microRNAs, TLRs, and the gut microbiota composition were evaluated. The sequential immune events that mediate the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of minocycline in DSS-colitis were then characterized. KEY RESULTS Novel immunomodulatory activity of tetracyclines was identifed; they potentiated the innate immune response and enhanced resolution of inflammation. This is also the first report describing the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of tigecycline. A minor therapeutic benefit seems to derive from their antibiotic properties. Conversely, immunomodulatory tetracyclines potentiated macrophage cytokine release in vitro, and while improving mucosal recovery in colitic mice, they up-regulated Ccl2, miR-142, miR-375 and Tlr4. In particular, minocycline initially enhanced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-22, GM-CSF and IL-4 colonic production and monocyte recruitment to the intestine, subsequently increasing Ly6C- MHCII+ macrophages, Tregs and type 2 intestinal immune responses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Immunomodulatory tetracyclines potentiate protective immune pathways leading to mucosal healing and resolution, representing a promising drug reposition strategy for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - T Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - L Hidalgo-Garcia
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Garrido-Barros
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M P Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Garcia
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, ibs. GRANADA, Red de, Investigación en SIDA, Granada, Spain
| | - N Chueca
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, ibs. GRANADA, Red de, Investigación en SIDA, Granada, Spain
| | - M E Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - N Garrido-Mesa
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - J Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Garrido-Mesa J, Algieri F, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Vezza T, Utrilla M, Garcia F, Chueca N, Rodríguez-Cabezas M, Garrido-Mesa N, Gálvez J. Immunomodulatory tetracyclines ameliorate DNBS-colitis: Impact on microRNA expression and microbiota composition. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:524-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Parhizkar A, Nojehdehian H, Asgary S. Triple antibiotic paste: momentous roles and applications in endodontics: a review. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e28. [PMID: 30135847 PMCID: PMC6103545 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the latest findings and notions regarding ‘triple antibiotic paste’ (TAP) and its applications in dentistry, particularly endodontics. TAP is a combination of 3 antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline. Despite the problems and pitfalls research pertaining to this paste has unveiled, it has been vastly used in endodontic treatments. The paste's applications vary, from vital pulp therapy to the recently introduced regeneration and revascularisation protocol. Studies have shown that the paste can eliminate the root canal microorganisms and prepare an appropriate matrix for further treatments. This combination is able to remove diverse groups of obligate and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, providing an environment for healing. In regeneration protocol cases, this allows the development, disinfection, and possible sterilization of the root canal system, so that new tissue can infiltrate and grow into the radicular area. Moreover, TAP is capable of creating a discipline in which other wanted and needed treatments can be successfully performed. In conclusion, TAP, as an antibacterial intracanal medication, has diverse uses. Nevertheless, despite its positive effects, the paste has shown drawbacks. Further research concerning the combined paste and other intracanal medications to control microbiota is a must.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Parhizkar
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nojehdehian
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yeung PK, Kolathuru SS, Mohammadizadeh S, Akhoundi F, Linderfield B. Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Metabolism in Red Blood Cells as a Potential Biomarker for Post-Exercise Hypotension and a Drug Target for Cardiovascular Protection. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8020030. [PMID: 29724022 PMCID: PMC6027528 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of adenosine and ATP in regulating many biological functions has long been recognized, especially for their effects on the cardiovascular system, which may be used for management of hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases. In response to ischemia and cardiovascular injury, ATP is broken down to release adenosine. The effect of adenosine is very short lived because it is rapidly taken up by erythrocytes (RBCs), myocardial and endothelial cells, and also rapidly catabolized to oxypurine metabolites. Intracellular adenosine is phosphorylated back to adenine nucleotides via a salvage pathway. Extracellular and intracellular ATP is broken down rapidly to ADP and AMP, and finally to adenosine by 5′-nucleotidase. These metabolic events are known to occur in the myocardium, endothelium as well as in RBCs. Exercise has been shown to increase metabolism of ATP in RBCs, which may be an important mechanism for post-exercise hypotension and cardiovascular protection. The post-exercise effect was greater in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. The review summarizes current evidence in support of ATP metabolism in the RBC as a potential surrogate biomarker for cardiovascular protection and toxicities. It also discusses the opportunities, challenges, and obstacles of exploiting ATP metabolism in RBCs as a target for drug development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollen K Yeung
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Shyam Sundar Kolathuru
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Sheyda Mohammadizadeh
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Fatemeh Akhoundi
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Brett Linderfield
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Khanna S. Do tetracyclines have the potential to reduce the risk of Clostridium difficile infection? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:183-185. [PMID: 29375022 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1434413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Khanna
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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Li Y, Liu X, Niu L, Li Q. Proteomics Analysis Reveals an Important Role for the PPAR Signaling Pathway in DBDCT-Induced Hepatotoxicity Mechanisms. Molecules 2017; 22:E1113. [PMID: 28684700 PMCID: PMC6152083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A patented organotin di-n-butyl-di-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin (DBDCT) with high a antitumor activity was designed, however, its antitumor and toxic mechanisms have not yet been clearly illustrated. Hepatic proteins of DBDCT-treated rats were identified and analyzed using LC-MS/MS with label-free quantitative technology. In total, 149 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified. Five protein and mRNA expressions were involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, including a scavenger receptor (CD36), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), enoyl-CoA hydratase (EHHADH), acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAA1), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in DBDCT-treated Rat Liver (BRL) cells. PPAR-α and PPAR-λ were also significantly decreased at both protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, compared with the DBDCT treatment group, a special blocking agent of PPAR-λ T0070907 was used to evaluate the relationship between PPAR-λ and its downstream genes. Our studies indicated that DBDCT may serve as a modulator of PPAR-λ, further up-regulating CD36, FABP4 and EHHADH on the PPAR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Lin Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Silva T, Grenho L, Barros J, Silva JC, Pinto RV, Matos A, Colaço B, Fernandes MH, Bettencourt A, Gomes PS. A minocycline-releasing PMMA system as a space maintainer for staged bone reconstructions-in vitro antibacterial, cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:035009. [PMID: 28333042 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa68b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we study the development and biological characterization of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based minocycline delivery system, to be used as a space maintainer within craniofacial staged regenerative interventions. The developed delivery systems were characterized regarding solid state characteristics and assayed in vitro for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, and cytocompatibility with human bone cells. A drug release profile allowed for an initial burst release and a more sustained and controlled release over time, with minimum inhibitory concentrations for the assayed and relevant pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, slime-producer Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli) being easily attained in the early time points, and sustained up to 72 h. Furthermore, an improved osteoblastic cell response-with enhancement of cell adhesion and cell proliferation-and increased anti-inflammatory activity were verified in developed systems, compared to a control (non minocycline-loaded PMMA cement). The obtained results converge to support the possible efficacy of the developed PMMA-based minocycline delivery systems for the clinical management of complex craniofacial trauma. Here, biomaterials with space maintenance properties are necessary for the management of staged reconstructive approaches, thus minimizing the risk of peri-operative infections and enhancing the local tissue healing and early stages of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration-Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto-Porto, Portugal
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29
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Sakarya Y, Sakarya R, Ozcimen M, Goktas S, Ozcimen S, Alpfidan I, Ivacık IS, Erdogan E, Cetinkaya S, Bukus A. Ocular penetration of topically applied 1% tigecycline in a rabbit model. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:679-683. [PMID: 28546920 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate ocular penetration of topically applied 1% tigecycline. METHODS Forty-two New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups. A 50 µL drop of 1% tigecycline was administered in group 1. In groups 2 and 3, the drop was administered every 15min for 60min (keratitis protocol). Aqueous humor samples in groups 1 and 2 were collected under general anesthesia at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180min after the last drop. All animals in group 3 were euthanatized. Cornea, vitreous and blood samples were collected 60 and 120min after the last drop. Tigecycline concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The peak aqueous humor tigecycline concentration [mean 0.73±0.14 mg/L (SD) and 2.41±0.14 mg/L, respectively] occurred 45min after topical drug application in groups 1 and 2. Group 3 mean values in the cornea, and vitreous, were 3.27±0.50 µg/g, and 0.17±0.10 mg/L at 60min and 3.17±0.77 µg/g and 0.20±0.07 mg/L at 120min, respectively. Tigecycline serum concentrations were negligible. CONCLUSION Tigecycline levels in the aqueous humor in groups 1 and 2, and in the cornea in group 3 exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations of most gram-positive organisms that cause bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Sakarya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Rabia Sakarya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Muammer Ozcimen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Sertan Goktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Serap Ozcimen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Konya State Hospital, Konya 42060, Turkey
| | - Ismail Alpfidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Ismail Senol Ivacık
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Erkan Erdogan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Servet Cetinkaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Kizilay Hospital, Konya 42200, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Bukus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya 42090, Turkey
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30
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Gyanani H, Chhabra N, Parmar GR. Comparative assessment of efficacy of two different pretreatment single oral doses of betamethasone on inter-appointment and postoperative discomfort: An in vivo clinical evaluation. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:564-568. [PMID: 27994320 PMCID: PMC5146774 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.194022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different pretreatment single oral doses of betamethasone on the incidence of inter-appointment flare up and postoperative discomfort. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients aged 18–59 years requiring endodontic treatment were selected and randomly assigned to three groups; single pretreatment oral dose of placebo or betamethasone in two different oral doses of 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively. Endodontic therapy was completed in two visits using triple antibiotic paste as intracanal medicament. Patients were given a questionnaire to record their pain at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after treatment. In the second visit, obturation was done, and the patients were again instructed to record their pain scores after treatment and discharged. The verbal rating scale was used for recording the pain scores. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and the Friedman test. Results: 0.5 mg betamethasone group showed least mean pain scores among all experimental groups; however, there was no statistically significant difference between any of the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment single oral dose of betamethasone is an effective in managing endodontic flare-ups; however, the results were statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Gyanani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naveen Chhabra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ghanshyam R Parmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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31
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Alam MA, Subramanyam Rallabandi VP, Roy PK. Systems Biology of Immunomodulation for Post-Stroke Neuroplasticity: Multimodal Implications of Pharmacotherapy and Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27445961 PMCID: PMC4923163 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies indicate that anti-inflammatory drugs, act as a double-edged sword, not only exacerbating secondary brain injury but also contributing to neurological recovery after stroke. Our aim is to explore whether there is a beneficial role for neuroprotection and functional recovery using anti-inflammatory drug along with neurorehabilitation therapy using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), so as to improve functional recovery after ischemic stroke. METHODS We develop a computational systems biology approach from preclinical data, using ordinary differential equations, to study the behavior of both phenotypes of microglia, such as M1 type (pro-inflammatory) vis-à-vis M2 type (anti-inflammatory) under anti-inflammatory drug action (minocycline). We explore whether pharmacological treatment along with cerebral stimulation using tDCS and rTMS is beneficial or not. We utilize the systems pathway analysis of minocycline in nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling and neurorehabilitation therapy using tDCS and rTMS that act through brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathways. RESULTS We demarcate the role of neuroinflammation and immunomodulation in post-stroke recovery, under minocycline activated-microglia and neuroprotection together with improved neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and functional recovery under the action of rTMS or tDCS. We elucidate the feasibility of utilizing rTMS/tDCS to increase neuroprotection across the reperfusion stage during minocycline administration. We delineate that the signaling pathways of minocycline by modulation of inflammatory genes in NF-κB and proteins activated by tDCS and rTMS through BDNF, TrkB, and calmodulin kinase (CaMK) signaling. Utilizing systems biology approach, we show that the activation pathways for pharmacotherapy (minocycline) and neurorehabilitation (rTMS applied to ipsilesional cortex and tDCS) results into increased neuronal and synaptic activity that commonly occur through activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. We construe that considerable additive neuroprotection effect would be obtained and delayed reperfusion injury can be remedied, if one uses multimodal intervention of minocycline together with tDCS and rTMS. CONCLUSION Additive beneficial effect is, thus, noticed for pharmacotherapy along with neurorehabilitation therapy, by maneuvering the dynamics of immunomodulation using anti-inflammatory drug and cerebral stimulation for augmenting the functional recovery after stroke, which may engender clinical applicability for enhancing plasticity, rehabilitation, and neurorestoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prasun K Roy
- National Brain Research Centre , Gurgaon , India
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32
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Möller T, Bard F, Bhattacharya A, Biber K, Campbell B, Dale E, Eder C, Gan L, Garden GA, Hughes ZA, Pearse DD, Staal RGW, Sayed FA, Wes PD, Boddeke HWGM. Critical data-based re-evaluation of minocycline as a putative specific microglia inhibitor. Glia 2016; 64:1788-94. [PMID: 27246804 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline, a second generation broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been frequently postulated to be a "microglia inhibitor." A considerable number of publications have used minocycline as a tool and concluded, after achieving a pharmacological effect, that the effect must be due to "inhibition" of microglia. It is, however, unclear how this "inhibition" is achieved at the molecular and cellular levels. Here, we weigh the evidence whether minocycline is indeed a bona fide microglia inhibitor and discuss how data generated with minocycline should be interpreted. GLIA 2016;64:1788-1794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Möller
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC., Neuroscience Drug Discovery, San Diego, California
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Campbell
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Elena Dale
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Claudia Eder
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's - University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute for Neurodegeneration, San Francisco, California
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Damien D Pearse
- Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roland G W Staal
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Faten A Sayed
- Gladstone Institute for Neurodegeneration, San Francisco, California.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul D Wes
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
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Effects of tigecycline and doxycycline on inflammation and hemodynamics in porcine endotoxemia: a prospective, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial. Shock 2016; 43:604-11. [PMID: 25664982 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics might, apart from an antimicrobial effect, also exert anti-inflammatory effects. The novel antibiotic tigecycline, potentially useful in septic shock from gram-negative multiresistant bacteria, is structurally related to antibiotics with known anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-inflammatory effects have not been previously explored in vivo. Using a sterile integrative porcine sepsis model, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and circulatory effects of tigecycline in comparison with doxycycline and placebo. Eighteen pigs were randomized to receive tigecycline 100 mg, doxycycline 200 mg, or placebo and subjected to 6-h endotoxin infusion at 0.5 μg kg(-1) h(-1). Markers of inflammation, nitric oxide production, vascular permeability, hemodynamics, organ dysfunction, tissue metabolism, and acid-base parameters were monitored. Peak plasma tumor necrosis factor-α was lower in the doxycycline group (P = 0.031) but not in the tigecycline group (P = 0.86) compared with placebo, with geometric mean plasma concentrations of 16, 79, and 63 ng mL(-1), respectively. Mean arterial pressure was higher 4 to 6 h in the tigecycline group, with values at 6 h of 107 ± 9 mmHg compared with the placebo and doxycycline groups (85 ± 27 mmHg and 90 ± 32 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.025). The white blood cell and the neutrophil granulocyte counts were less reduced in the doxycycline group but not in the tigecycline group at 4 to 6 h (P = 0.009 and P = 0.019, respectively). Other markers of inflammation, organ dysfunction, tissue metabolism, and acid-base parameters were unaffected by tigecycline. Consistent with known anti-inflammatory properties, doxycycline yielded decreased tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Tigecycline did not affect cytokine levels but counteracted hypotension and hypoperfusion.
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Soler L, Miller I, Hummel K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Jessen F, Escribano D, Niewold T. Growth promotion in pigs by oxytetracycline coincides with down regulation of serum inflammatory parameters and of hibernation-associated protein HP-27. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1277-86. [PMID: 26914286 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth promoting effect of supplementing animal feed with antibiotics like tetracycline has traditionally been attributed to their antibiotic character. However, more evidence has been accumulated on their direct anti-inflammatory effect during the last two decades. Here we used a pig model to explore the systemic molecular effect of feed supplementation with sub therapeutic levels of oxytetracycline (OTC) by analysis of serum proteome changes. Results showed that OTC promoted growth, coinciding with a significant down regulation of different serum proteins related to inflammation, oxidation and lipid metabolism, confirming the anti-inflammatory mechanism of OTC. Interestingly, apart from the classic acute phase reactants also down regulation was seen of a hibernation associated plasma protein (HP-27), which is to our knowledge the first description in pigs. Although the exact function in non-hibernators is unclear, down regulation of HP-27 could be consistent with increased appetite, which is possibly linked to the anti-inflammatory action of OTC. Given that pigs are good models for human medicine due to their genetic and physiologic resemblance, the present results might also be used for rational intervention in human diseases in which inflammation plays an important role such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Soler
- Livestock-Nutrition-Quality Division, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hummel
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Flemming Jessen
- Division of Industrial Food Research, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Damian Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Theo Niewold
- Livestock-Nutrition-Quality Division, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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35
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Central nervous system myeloid cells as drug targets: current status and translational challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 15:110-24. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Minocycline inhibits peritoneal macrophages but activates alveolar macrophages in acute pancreatitis. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:839-46. [PMID: 26561345 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that, in addition to its antimicrobial function, has been reported to possess a relevant anti-inflammatory activity. Its effects have been extensively evaluated in inflammatory-related neurological diseases. Here, we evaluate its effect on the systemic inflammatory response in a model of experimental acute pancreatitis. Minocycline treatment significantly reduced the inflammation in pancreas and mesenterium, had no effect on the adipose tissue inflammation, and increased the inflammatory response in the lung. These differences seem to be related with different effects exerted on peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. In vitro, minocycline reduced the expression of IL-1β and inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) on peritoneal macrophages, while it had no effect on alveolar macrophages. Our data indicates that although minocycline may be useful as a tool to control some inflammatory processes, differences on its effects depending on the population of macrophages involved in the process can be expected. In the particular case of acute pancreatitis, it could promote or potentiate inflammation in the lung so that its use does not appear to be recommended.
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Hung YP, Lee JC, Lin HJ, Liu HC, Wu YH, Tsai PJ, Ko WC. Doxycycline and Tigecycline: Two Friendly Drugs with a Low Association with Clostridium Difficile Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:216-29. [PMID: 27025622 PMCID: PMC4790331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is known to be associated with prior exposure to many classes of antibiotics. Standard therapy for CDI (i.e., metronidazole and vancomycin) is associated with high recurrence rates. Although tetracycline derivatives such as tetracycline, doxycycline or tigecycline are not the standard therapeutic choices for CDI, they may serve as an alternative or a component of combination therapy. Previous tetracycline or doxycycline usage had been shown to have less association with CDI development. Tigecycline, a broad-spectrum glycylcycline with potency against many gram-positive or gram-negative pathogens, had been successfully used to treat severe or refractory CDI. The in vitro susceptibility of C. difficile clinical isolates to tigecycline in many studies showed low minimal inhibitory concentrations. Tigecycline can suppress in vitro toxin production in both historical and hypervirulent C. difficile strains and reduce spore production in a dose-dependent manner. Tetracycline compounds such as doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline possess anti-inflammatory properties that are independent of their antibiotic activity and may contribute to their therapeutic effect for CDI. Although clinical data are limited, doxycycline is less likely to induce CDI, and tigecycline can be considered one of the therapeutic choices for severe or refractory CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 70043, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Chieh Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 70043, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chieh Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 70043, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan 70102, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hui Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan 70102, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70102, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan 70102, Taiwan.
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Growth promotion in broilers by both oxytetracycline and Macleaya cordata extract is based on their anti-inflammatory properties. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1110-8. [PMID: 25181450 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The non-antibiotic anti-inflammatory theory of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) predicts that alternatives can be selected by simple in vitro tests. In vitro, the known AGP oxytetracycline (OTC) and a Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) had an anti-inflammatory effect with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 88 and 132 mg/l, respectively. In vivo, chickens received three different concentrations of MCE in drinking-water, OTC in feed and a control. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio were determined on days 14, 21 and 35. On day 35, body composition was determined. Plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AG) concentration was measured on days 21 and 35, and the expression of several jejunal inflammatory genes was determined on day 35. OTC-fed chickens showed a significantly higher BW, FI and G:F ratio compared with the control group at all time points. MCE had a significant linear effect on BW on days 21 and 35, and the G:F ratio was improved only over the whole period, whereas FI was not different. Only MCE but not OTC decreased the percentage of abdominal fat. Plasma α1-AG concentration increased from day 21 to 35, with the values being lower in the treatment groups. Both OTC and MCE significantly reduced the jejunal mucosal expression of inducible NO synthase. For most parameters measured, there was a clear linear dose-response to treatment with MCE. In conclusion, the results are consistent with the anti-inflammatory theory of growth promotion in production animals.
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Pai S, Vivekananda Pai AR, Thomas MS, Bhat V. Effect of calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste as intracanal medicaments on the incidence of inter-appointment flare-up in diabetic patients: An in vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:208-11. [PMID: 24944440 PMCID: PMC4056388 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.131776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of antibacterial intracanal medicaments on inter-appointment flare-up in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty diabetic patients requiring root canal treatment were assigned into groups I, II, and III. In group I, no intracanal medicament was placed. In groups II and III, calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic pastes were placed as intracanal medicaments, respectively. Patients were instructed to record their pain on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14. Inter-appointment flare-up was evaluated using verbal rating scale (VRS). Results: Overall incidence of inter-appointment flare-up among diabetic patients was found to be 16%. In group I, 50% of the patients and in group II, 15% of the patients developed inter-appointment flare-up. However, no patients in group III developed inter-appointment flare-up. The comparison of these results was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002; χ2 = 12.426). However, with respect to intergroup comparison, only the difference between groups I and III was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002; χ2 = 12.00). Conclusions: Calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste are effective for managing inter-appointment flare-ups in diabetic patients. Triple antibiotic paste is more effective than calcium hydroxide in preventing the occurrence of flare-up in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Pai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - A R Vivekananda Pai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manuel S Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishal Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Tilakaratne A, Soory M. Anti-inflammatory Actions of Adjunctive Tetracyclines and Other Agents in Periodontitis and Associated Comorbidities. Open Dent J 2014; 8:109-24. [PMID: 24976875 PMCID: PMC4073587 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-antimicrobial properties of tetracyclines such as anti-inflammatory, proanabolic and anti-catabolic actions make them effective pharmaceuticals for the adjunctive management of chronic inflammatory diseases. An over-exuberant inflammatory response to an antigenic trigger in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases could contribute to an autoimmune element in disease progression. Their adjunctive use in managing periodontitis could have beneficial effects in curbing excessive inflammatory loading from commonly associated comorbidities such as CHD, DM and arthritis. Actions of tetracyclines and their derivatives include interactions with MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs, growth factors and cytokines. They affect the sequence of inflammation with implications on immunomodulation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis; these actions enhance their scope, in treating a range of disease entities. Non-antimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) sustain their diverse actions in organ systems which include anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-proteolytic actions, inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A spectrum of biological actions in dermatitis, periodontitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy and prevention of bone resorption is particularly relevant to minocycline. Experimental models of ischemia indicate their specific beneficial effects. Parallel molecules with similar functions, improved Zn binding and solubility have been developed for reducing excessive MMP activity. Curbing excessive MMP activity is particularly relevant to periodontitis, and comorbidities addressed here, where specificity is paramount. Unique actions of tetracyclines in a milieu of excessive inflammatory stimuli make them effective therapeutic adjuncts in the management of chronic inflammatory disorders. These beneficial actions of tetracyclines are relevant to the adjunctive management of periodontitis subjects presenting with commonly prevalent comorbidities addressed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri-Lanka
| | - Mena Soory
- Periodontology King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW, UKB
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Desjarlais M, Pratt J, Lounis A, Mounier C, Haidara K, Annabi B. Tetracycline derivative minocycline inhibits autophagy and inflammation in concanavalin-a-activated human hepatoma cells. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:63-73. [PMID: 24634581 PMCID: PMC3948715 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of soluble matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is among the non-antibiotic cellular effects exerted by the anti-inflammatory tetracycline derivative minocycline. The impact of minocycline on the signal transduction functions of membrane-bound MMPs is however unknown. We assessed minocycline in a concanavalin-A (ConA)-activated human HepG2 hepatoma cell model, a condition known to increase the expression of membrane type-1 MMP (MT-MMP) and to trigger inflammatory and autophagy processes. We found that minocycline inhibited ConA-induced formation of autophagic acidic vacuoles, green fluorescent microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) puncta formation, gene and protein expression of autophagy biomarker BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), invasion biomarker MT1-MMP, and inflammation biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Gene silencing of MT1-MMP abrogated ConA-induced formation of autophagic acidic vacuoles and ConA-induced expressions of BNIP3 and COX-2. Minocycline was also shown to inhibit ConA-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation as well as gene expression of NANOS1, a biomarker believed to colocalize with MT1-MMP and the specific silencing of which further inhibited ConA-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that part of minocycline’s effects on autophagy could be exerted through the inhibition of MT1-MMP signaling functions, which contribute to the autophagy and inflammatory phenotype of ConA-activated HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Desjarlais
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Pratt
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amine Lounis
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khadidja Haidara
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
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42
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Biber K, Owens T, Boddeke E. What is microglia neurotoxicity (Not)? Glia 2014; 62:841-54. [PMID: 24590682 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microglia most likely appeared early in evolution as they are not only present in vertebrates, but are also found in nervous systems of various nonvertebrate organisms. Mammalian microglia are derived from a specific embryonic, self-renewable myeloid cell population that is throughout lifetime not replaced by peripheral myeloid cells. These phylogenic and ontogenic features suggest that microglia serve vital functions. Yet, microglia often are described as neurotoxic cells, that actively kill (healthy) neurons. Since it is from an evolutionary point of view difficult to understand why an important and vulnerable organ like the brain should host numerous potential killers, we here review the concept of microglia neurotoxicity. On one hand it is discussed that most of our understanding about how microglia kill neurons is based on in vitro experiments or correlative staining studies that suffer from the difficulty to discriminate microglia and peripheral myeloid cells in the diseased brain. On the other hand it is described that a more functional approach by mutating, inactivating or deleting microglia is seldom associated with a beneficial outcome in an acute injury situation, suggesting that microglia are normally important protective elements in the brain. This might change in chronic disease or the aged brain, where; however, it remains to be established whether microglia simply lose their protective capacities or whether microglia become truly neurotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zhang Z, Nix CA, Ercan UK, Gerstenhaber JA, Joshi SG, Zhong Y. Calcium binding-mediated sustained release of minocycline from hydrophilic multilayer coatings targeting infection and inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84360. [PMID: 24409292 PMCID: PMC3883660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are common complications that seriously affect the functionality and longevity of implanted medical implants. Systemic administration of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs often cannot achieve sufficient local concentration to be effective, and elicits serious side effects. Local delivery of therapeutics from drug-eluting coatings presents a promising solution. However, hydrophobic and thick coatings are commonly used to ensure sufficient drug loading and sustained release, which may limit tissue integration and tissue device communications. A calcium-mediated drug delivery mechanism was developed and characterized in this study. This novel mechanism allows controlled, sustained release of minocycline, an effective antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug, from nanoscale thin hydrophilic polyelectrolyte multilayers for over 35 days at physiologically relevant concentrations. pH-responsive minocycline release was observed as the chelation between minocycline and Ca(2+) is less stable at acidic pH, enabling 'smart' drug delivery in response to infection and/or inflammation-induced tissue acidosis. The release kinetics of minocycline can be controlled by varying initial loading, Ca(2+) concentration, and Ca(2+) incorporation into different layers, enabling facile development of implant coatings with versatile release kinetics. This drug delivery platform can potentially be used for releasing any drug that has high Ca(2+) binding affinity, enabling its use in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Camilla A. Nix
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Utku K. Ercan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Gerstenhaber
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Suresh G. Joshi
- Surgical Infection Program, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yinghui Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Suarez-Roca H, Quintero L, Avila R, Medina S, De Freitas M, Cárdenas R. Central immune overactivation in the presence of reduced plasma corticosterone contributes to swim stress-induced hyperalgesia. Brain Res Bull 2013; 100:61-9. [PMID: 24316519 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely known that immunological, hormonal and nociceptive mechanisms are altered by exposure to repeated stress, the interplaying roles of each function in the development of post-stress hyperalgesia are not completely clear. Thus, we wanted to establish how interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), corticosterone and microglia interact to contribute in the development of hyperalgesia following repeated forced swim. Rats were subjected to either forced swim, sham swim or non-conditioned. Each group was then treated with minocycline, ketoconazole, or saline. Thermal nociception was measured via the hot plate test, before and after the behavioral conditioning, whereas blood and lumbar spinal cord tissue samples were obtained at the end of the protocol. Serum levels of corticosterone, spinal tissue concentration of IL-1β and spinal OX-42 labeling (microglial marker) were determined. Rats exposed to forced swim stress developed thermal hyperalgesia along with elevated spinal tissue IL-1β, increased OX-42 labeling and relatively diminished serum corticosterone. Pre-treatment with minocycline and ketoconazole prevented the development of thermal hyperalgesia and the increase in IL-1β, without significantly modifying serum corticosterone. These results suggest that the development of forced swim-induced thermal hyperalgesia requires the simultaneous presence of increased spinal IL-1β, microglial activation, and relatively decreased serum corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suarez-Roca
- Sección de Neurofarmacología y Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela.
| | - L Quintero
- Sección de Neurofarmacología y Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela
| | - R Avila
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela
| | - S Medina
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Clínicas (IVIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - M De Freitas
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela
| | - R Cárdenas
- Sección de Neurofarmacología y Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela
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Death Receptors in the Selective Degeneration of Motoneurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2013; 2013:746845. [PMID: 26316997 PMCID: PMC4437334 DOI: 10.1155/2013/746845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While studies on death receptors have long been restricted to immune cells, the last decade has provided a strong body of evidence for their implication in neuronal death and hence neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a fatal paralytic disorder that primarily affects motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord. A neuroinflammatory process, associated with astrocyte and microglial activation as well as infiltration of immune cells, accompanies motoneuron degeneration and supports the contribution of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms in the disease. Hallmarks of Fas, TNFR, LT-βR, and p75NTR signaling have been observed in both animal models and ALS patients. This review summarizes to date knowledge of the role of death receptors in ALS and the link existing between the selective loss of motoneurons and neuroinflammation. It further suggests how this recent evidence could be included in an ultimate multiapproach to treat patients.
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Hellwig S, Heinrich A, Biber K. The brain's best friend: microglial neurotoxicity revisited. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:71. [PMID: 23734099 PMCID: PMC3655268 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One long standing aspect of microglia biology was never questioned; their involvement in brain disease. Based on morphological changes (retracted processes and amoeboid shape) that inevitably occur in these cells in case of damage in the central nervous system, microglia in the diseased brain were called “activated.” Because “activated” microglia were always found in direct neighborhood to dead or dying neuron, and since it is known now for more than 20 years that cultured microglia release numerous factors that are able to kill neurons, microglia “activation” was often seen as a neurotoxic process. From an evolutionary point of view, however, it is difficult to understand why an important, mostly post-mitotic and highly vulnerable organ like the brain would host numerous potential killers. This review is aimed to critically reconsider the term microglia neurotoxicity and to discuss experimental problems around microglia biology, that often have led to the conclusion that microglia are neurotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Moylan S, Maes M, Wray NR, Berk M. The neuroprogressive nature of major depressive disorder: pathways to disease evolution and resistance, and therapeutic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:595-606. [PMID: 22525486 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In some patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), individual illness characteristics appear consistent with those of a neuroprogressive illness. Features of neuroprogression include poorer symptomatic, treatment and functional outcomes in patients with earlier disease onset and increased number and length of depressive episodes. In such patients, longer and more frequent depressive episodes appear to increase vulnerability for further episodes, precipitating an accelerating and progressive illness course leading to functional decline. Evidence from clinical, biochemical and neuroimaging studies appear to support this model and are informing novel therapeutic approaches. This paper reviews current knowledge of the neuroprogressive processes that may occur in MDD, including structural brain consequences and potential molecular mechanisms including the role of neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, neurotrophins and regulation of neurogenesis, cortisol and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic and dietary influences. Evidence-based novel treatments informed by this knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moylan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Yagnik RM, Benzeroual KE. Tigecycline prevents LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in neuronal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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What is behind the non-antibiotic properties of minocycline? Pharmacol Res 2012; 67:18-30. [PMID: 23085382 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline is a second-generation, semi-synthetic tetracycline that has been in use in therapy for over 30 years for its antibiotic properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It displays antibiotic activity due to its ability to bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and thus inhibit protein synthesis. More recently, it has been described to exert a variety of biological actions beyond its antimicrobial activity, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, inhibition of proteolysis, as well as suppression of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, which have been confirmed in different experimental models of non-infectious diseases. There are also many studies that have focused on the mechanisms involved in these non-antibiotic properties of minocycline, including anti-oxidant activity, inhibition of several enzyme activities, inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of immune cell activation and proliferation. This review summarizes the current findings in this topic, mainly focusing on the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of minocycline.
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50
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Dunston CR, Choudhury K, Griffiths HR. Terminal galactose residues on transferrin are increased in midlife adults compared to young adults. Proteomics 2012; 12:3147-53. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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