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Di Rocco G, Trivisonno A, Trivisonno G, Toietta G. Dissecting human adipose tissue heterogeneity using single-cell omics technologies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:322. [PMID: 39334440 PMCID: PMC11437900 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell omics technologies that profile genes (genomic and epigenomic) and determine the abundance of mRNA (transcriptomic), protein (proteomic and secretomic), lipids (lipidomic), and extracellular matrix (matrisomic) support the dissection of adipose tissue heterogeneity at unprecedented resolution in a temporally and spatially defined manner. In particular, cell omics technologies may provide innovative biomarkers for the identification of rare specific progenitor cell subpopulations, assess transcriptional and proteomic changes affecting cell proliferation and immunomodulatory potential, and accurately define the lineage hierarchy and differentiation status of progenitor cells. Unraveling adipose tissue complexity may also provide for the precise assessment of a dysfunctional state, which has been associated with cancer, as cancer-associated adipocytes play an important role in shaping the tumor microenvironment supporting tumor progression and metastasis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The information collected by single-cell omics has relevant implications for regenerative medicine because adipose tissue is an accessible source of multipotent cells; alternative cell-free approaches, including the use of adipose tissue stromal cell-conditioned medium, extracellular vesicles, or decellularized extracellular matrix, are clinically valid options. Subcutaneous white adipose tissue, which is generally harvested via liposuction, is highly heterogeneous because of intrinsic biological variability and extrinsic inconsistencies in the harvesting and processing procedures. The current limited understanding of adipose tissue heterogeneity impinges on the definition of quality standards appropriate for clinical translation, which requires consistency and uniformity of the administered product. We review the methods used for dissecting adipose tissue heterogeneity and provide an overview of advances in omics technology that may contribute to the exploration of heterogeneity and dynamics of adipose tissue at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Di Rocco
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Trivisonno
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Toietta
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Chabowski A, Mikłosz A. Adipose tissue place of origin and obesity influence sphingolipid signaling pathway in the adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs isolated from morbidly obese women. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116158. [PMID: 38521475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a component of adipose tissue that in recent years has gained on importance. The progenitor cells serve as an essentially unlimited source of new adipocytes and therefore are considered to be an important determinant of the tissue's physiology. In this paper we investigated mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs obtained from subcutaneous/visceral fat of patients with different metabolic status (lean, obese without and with metabolic syndrome). We focused our interests on the sphingolipid signaling pathway, i.e.a signal transduction system indispensable for cells functioning, but also implicated in the development of medical conditions associated with obesity. We observed that the cells derived from visceral tissue had significantly greater levels of almost all the examined sphingolipids (especially Cer, dhCer, SM). Moreover, obesity and metabolic syndrome present in donor patients was associated with an increased level of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and the product of its reaction sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Moreover, the condition appeared to display a tissue specific pattern. Namely, the adipocytes of subcutaneous provenance had an increased activation of ceramide de novo synthesis pathway when the donors of ADMSCs had metabolic syndrome. The above translated into greater accumulation of ceramide in the cells. To our knowledge this is the first study that demonstrated altered sphingolipid profile in the mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs with respect to the stem cells tissue of origin and the donor patient metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Grubczak K, Kusaczuk M, Chabowski A. RabGAP AS160/TBC1D4 deficiency increases long-chain fatty acid transport but has little additional effect on obesity and metabolic syndrome in ADMSCs-derived adipocytes of morbidly obese women. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1232159. [PMID: 37602323 PMCID: PMC10435366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1232159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), also known as TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4), represents a crucial regulator of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that AS160/TBC1D4 may also control the cellular entry of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), resulting in changes to the lipid profile of muscles and fat cells in lean subjects. However, there are virtually no data on AS160/TBC1D4 expression and its modulatory role in lipid metabolism in the adipocytes from morbidly obese individuals of different metabolic status. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the three main factors, i.e., AS160 silencing, obesity, and metabolic syndrome on lipid uptake and profile in fully differentiated adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) of lean and obese (with/without metabolic syndrome) postmenopausal women. Additionally, we tested possible interactions between the explanatory variables. In general, obesity translated into a greater content of fatty acid transporters (especially CD36/SR-B2 and SLC27A4/FATP4) and boosted accumulation of all the examined lipid fractions, i.e., triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs). The aforementioned were further enhanced by metabolic syndrome. Moreover, AS160 deficiency also increased the abundance of SLC27A4/FATP4 and CD36/SR-B2, especially on the cell surface of the adipocytes derived from ADMSCs of subcutaneous deposit. This was further accompanied by increased LCFA (palmitic acid) uptake. Despite the aforementioned, AS160 silencing seemed unable to significantly affect the phenotype of the adipocytes stemming from obese patients with respect to their cellular lipid profile as we observed virtually no changes in TAG, DAG, and FFA contents when compared to cells with the reference level of proteins. Nevertheless, knockdown of AS160 stimulated fatty acid oxidation, which may indicate that adaptive mechanisms counteract excessive lipid accumulation. At the same time, adipocytes of visceral origin were rather insensitive to the applied intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Basile D, Rosati G, Bergamo F, Garattini SK, Banzi M, Zampino M, Bozzarelli S, Marchetti P, Galli F, Galli F, Longarini R, Zaniboni A, Ferrari D, De Placido S, Frassineti LG, Nicolini M, Cinieri S, Priscindiaro M, Ziranu P, Caccialanza R, Pastorino A, Mosconi S, Aprile G. Prognostic Value of Body Mass Index in Stage II/III Colon Cancer: Posthoc Analysis From the TOSCA Trial. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2023; 22:190-198. [PMID: 36935327 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High body mass index (BMI) plays a key role in the development of colon cancer (CC). Our post-hoc analysis from the TOSCA trial analyzed the association between BMI and survival outcomes in terms of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in stage II/III CC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients enrolled in the TOSCA trial between 2007-2013 with BMI data entered the study. The prognostic impact of BMI on survival outcomes was investigated through uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 1455 patients with stage II/III CC patients were included. The median follow-up was of 61.5 months; 16.1% of patients relapsed, 11.2% died and 19.5% patients relapsed or died. No impact of BMI on RFS was detected at univariate or multivariable analyses. By univariate analysis for OS, a significantly impact of a BMI > 30 kg/m2 was reported (HR [>30 vs <25] 1.57, 95% CI 1.00-2.47, p = 0.049; HR [>30 vs <30] 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.37, p = 0.045). Multivariable analyses did not confirm this data. In the subgroup of stage III patients, a negative survival impact of BMI was found in univariate and multivariable models both for RFS and for OS. CONCLUSIONS In our study, obesity with BMI > 30 kg/m2 was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS in CC patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, regardless of its duration (3 or 6 months). However, the prognostic impact of adiposity and body composition measurement should be considered to better classify patients with high visceral fat and refine their risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Basile
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosati
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio Ken Garattini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Banzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Zampino
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bozzarelli
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Medical Oncology Unit Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Galli
- Methodology for Clinical Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Galli
- Methodology for Clinical Research Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Daris Ferrari
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giovanni Frassineti
- Medical Oncology Unit IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola (FO), Italy
| | - Mario Nicolini
- Medical Oncology Unit Azienda USL Romagna, Cattolica, Rimini, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology Unit Ospedale Antonio Perrino, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Michele Priscindiaro
- Medical Oncology Unit1, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
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Arderiu G, Mendieta G, Gallinat A, Lambert C, Díez-Caballero A, Ballesta C, Badimon L. Type 2 Diabetes in Obesity: A Systems Biology Study on Serum and Adipose Tissue Proteomic Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010827. [PMID: 36614270 PMCID: PMC9821208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), further increasing an already heightened cardiovascular risk. Here, amongst obese class III bariatric surgery patients, we have investigated the effect of T2DM in serum and in two, same patient, adipose tissue (AT) depots through proteomic profile expression analyses. Serum and AT samples from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) fat were collected during bariatric surgery. Bead-based targeted multiplex assay systems were used to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple targets in serum samples (targeted proteomics) and analyze changes in adipokine serum composition. AT samples were assessed through an untargeted proteomics approach. Through a systems biology analysis of the proteomic data, information on the affected biological pathways was acquired. In obese class III individuals, the presence of T2DM induced a significantly higher systemic release of ghrelin, GLP-1, glucagon, MMP3, BAFF, chitinase 3-like 1, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, and a lower systemic release of IL-8. SAT and VAT proteomes belonging to the same patient showed significant differences in local protein content. While the proteins upregulated in VAT were indicative of metabolic dysregulation, SAT protein upregulation suggested adequate endocrine regulation. The presence of T2DM significantly affected VAT protein composition through the upregulation of dysregulating metabolic pathways, but SAT protein composition was not significantly modified. Our results show that T2DM induces metabolic dysregulation in obese individuals with changes in systemic marker levels and impairment of proteostasis in VAT but not in SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Gallinat
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lambert
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- IPSA-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ballesta
- Centro Médico Teknon, Grupo Quiron Salut, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-935565880 (G.A. & L.B.); Fax: +34-935565559 (G.A. & L.B.)
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Säljö K, Apelgren P, Stridh Orrhult L, Li S, Amoroso M, Gatenholm P, Kölby L. Long-term in vivo survival of 3D-bioprinted human lipoaspirate-derived adipose tissue: proteomic signature and cellular content. Adipocyte 2022; 11:34-46. [PMID: 34957918 PMCID: PMC8726626 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted lipoaspirate-derived adipose tissue (LAT) is a potential alternative to lipo-injection for correcting soft-tissue defects. This study investigated the long-term in vivo survival of 3D-bioprinted LAT and its proteomic signature and cellular composition. We performed proteomic and multicolour flow cytometric analyses on the lipoaspirate and 3D-bioprinted LAT constructs were transplanted into nude mice, followed by explantation after up to 150 days. LAT contained adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), pericytes, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells. Proteomic analysis identified 6,067 proteins, including pericyte markers, adipokines, ASC secretome proteins, proangiogenic proteins and proteins involved in adipocyte differentiation and developmental morphogenic signalling, as well as proteins not previously described in human subcutaneous fat. 3D-bioprinted LAT survived for 150 days in vivo with preservation of the construct shape and size. Furthermore, we identified human blood vessels after 30 and 150 days in vivo, indicating angiogenesis from capillaries. These results showed that LAT has a favourable proteomic signature, contains ASCs, EPCs and blood vessels that survive 3D bioprinting and can potentially facilitate angiogenesis and successful autologous fat grafting in soft-tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Säljö
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Apelgren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Stridh Orrhult
- 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susann Li
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matteo Amoroso
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- 3D Bioprinting Centre, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Lin Y, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang X. Nutritional activities of luteolin in obesity and associated metabolic diseases: an eye on adipose tissues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4016-4030. [PMID: 36300856 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2138257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and is a high-risk factor for metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. In lean individuals, adipose tissue (AT) is not only an important regulatory organ for energy storage and metabolism, but also an indispensable immune and endocrine organ. The sustained energy imbalance induces adipocyte hypotrophy and hyperplasia as well as AT remodeling, accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation and adipocytes dysfunction in AT, ultimately leading to systemic insulin resistance and ectopic lipid deposition. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and possesses multifold biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Diet supplementation of this flavonoid has been reported to inhibit AT lipogenesis and inflammation as well as the ectopic lipid deposition, increase AT thermogenesis and systemic energy expenditure, and finally improve obesity and associated metabolic diseases. The purpose of this review is to reveal the nutritional activities of luteolin in obesity and its complications with emphasis on its action on AT energy metabolism, immunoregulation, and endocrine intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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8
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Sun W, Zhang T, Hu S, Tang Q, Long X, Yang X, Gun S, Chen L. Chromatin accessibility landscape of stromal subpopulations reveals distinct metabolic and inflammatory features of porcine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13250. [PMID: 35646489 PMCID: PMC9138157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat accumulation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) confers increased risk for metabolic disorders of obesity, whereas accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with lower risk and may be protective. Previous studies have shed light on the gene expression profile differences between SAT and VAT; however, the chromatin accessibility landscape differences and how the cis-regulatory elements govern gene expression changes between SAT and VAT are unknown. Methods Pig were used to characterize the differences in chromatin accessibility between the two adipose depots-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) using DNase-sequencing (DNase-seq). Using integrated data from DNase-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq), and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we investigated how the regulatory locus complexity regulated gene expression changes between SAT and VAT and the possible impact that these changes may have on the different biological functions of these two adipose depots. Results SVFs form SAT and VAT (S-SVF and V-SVF) have differential chromatin accessibility landscapes. The differential DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS)-associated genes, which indicate dynamic chromatin accessibility, were mainly involved in metabolic processes and inflammatory responses. Additionally, the Krüppel-like factor family of transcription factors were enriched in the differential DHSs. Furthermore, the chromatin accessibility data were highly associated with differential gene expression as indicated using H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data, supporting the validity of the differential gene expression determined using DNase-seq. Moreover, by combining epigenetic and transcriptomic data, we identified two candidate genes, NR1D1 and CRYM, could be crucial to regulate distinct metabolic and inflammatory characteristics between SAT and VAT. Together, these results uncovered differences in the transcription regulatory network and enriched the mechanistic understanding of the different biological functions between SAT and VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Long
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences (Ministry of Agriculture), Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
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9
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Sánchez-Ceinos J, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, López-Alcalá J, Moreno-Caño E, Del Río-Moreno M, Romero-Cabrera JL, Pérez-Martínez P, Maymo-Masip E, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S, Fernández-Real JM, Laurencikiene J, Rydén M, Membrives A, Luque RM, López-Miranda J, Malagón MM. Impaired mRNA splicing and proteostasis in preadipocytes in obesity-related metabolic disease. eLife 2021; 10:65996. [PMID: 34545810 PMCID: PMC8545398 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes are crucial for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Preadipocyte differentiation is altered in obese individuals, which has been proposed to contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. Here, we aimed at identifying the pathogenic processes underlying impaired adipocyte differentiation in obese individuals with insulin resistance (IR)/type 2 diabetes (T2D). We report that down-regulation of a key member of the major spliceosome, PRFP8/PRP8, as observed in IR/T2D preadipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) fat, prevented adipogenesis by altering both the expression and splicing patterns of adipogenic transcription factors and lipid droplet-related proteins, while adipocyte differentiation was restored upon recovery of PRFP8/PRP8 normal levels. Adipocyte differentiation was also compromised under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) hyperactivation, as occurs in SC and omental (OM) preadipocytes in IR/T2D obesity. Thus, targeting mRNA splicing and ER proteostasis in preadipocytes could improve adipose tissue function and thus contribute to metabolic health in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Ceinos
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime López-Alcalá
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno-Caño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Moreno
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,OncObesity and Metabolism Group. Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymo-Masip
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgil, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgil, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgil, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, and Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory. Department of Medicine Huddinge/Karolinska Institute (KI)/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Lipid Laboratory. Department of Medicine Huddinge/Karolinska Institute (KI)/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Membrives
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestivo, Sección de Obesidad, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,OncObesity and Metabolism Group. Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Abstract
Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role. It appears that our knowledge on carotenoid-mediated health benefits may still be incomplete, as the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood in relation to human relevance. Antioxidant mechanisms - direct or via transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-κB - and activation of nuclear hormone receptor pathways such as of RAR, RXR or also PPARs, via carotenoid metabolites, are the basic principles which we try to connect with carotenoid-transmitted health benefits as exemplified with described common diseases including obesity/diabetes and cancer. Depending on the targeted diseases, single or multiple mechanisms of actions may play a role. In this review and position paper, we try to highlight our present knowledge on carotenoid metabolism and mechanisms translatable into health benefits related to several chronic diseases.
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11
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Ghanbari M, Momen Maragheh S, Aghazadeh A, Mehrjuyan SR, Hussen BM, Abdoli Shadbad M, Dastmalchi N, Safaralizadeh R. Interleukin-1 in obesity-related low-grade inflammation: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107765. [PMID: 34015596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since adipose tissue (AT) can upregulate pro-inflammatory interleukins (ILs) via storing extra lipids in obesity, obesity is considered the leading cause of chronic low-grade inflammation. These ILs can pave the way for the infiltration of immune cells into the AT, ultimately resulting in low-grade inflammation and dysregulation of adipocytes. IL-1, which is divided into two subclasses, i.e., IL-1α and IL-1β, is a critical pro-inflammatory factor. In obesity, IL-1α and IL-1β can promote insulin resistance via impairing the function of adipocytes and promoting inflammation. The current study aims to review the detailed molecular mechanisms and the roles of IL-1α and IL-1β and their antagonist, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra), in developing obesity-related inflammatory complications, i.e., type II diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis, and cognitive disorders. Besides, the current study discusses the recent advances in natural drugs, synthetic agents, and gene therapy approaches to treat obesity-related inflammatory complications via suppressing IL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Aida Aghazadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Isolation of stromal vascular fraction cell suspensions from mouse and human adipose tissues for downstream applications. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100422. [PMID: 33870227 PMCID: PMC8044717 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol outlines a reliable and versatile approach to isolate stromal vascular fraction cells from different adipose tissues across human and mouse species. A number of downstream applications can then be performed to gain an appreciation of the functional activity of unique adipose tissue-resident cell populations. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Macdougall et al. (2018). Isolation of viable stromal vascular fraction cells from adipose tissue Applicable to multiple adipose tissue depots from human and mouse Highly reproducible adipose tissue digestion for various downstream assays
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13
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Porter JW, Barnas JL, Welly R, Spencer N, Pitt J, Vieira-Potter VJ, Kanaley JA. Age, Sex, and Depot-Specific Differences in Adipose-Tissue Estrogen Receptors in Individuals with Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1698-1707. [PMID: 32734695 PMCID: PMC7483923 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sex and menopausal status on depot-specific estrogen signaling in white adipose tissue (AT) in age-matched men and women with morbid obesity. METHODS A total of 28 premenopausal women, 16 postmenopausal women, and 27 age-matched men undergoing bariatric surgery were compared for omental (OM) AT (OMAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (SQ) AT (SQAT) genes and proteins. RESULTS With the exception of fasting nonesterified fatty acids being higher in women (P < 0.01), no differences were found in other indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism. In OMAT, estrogen receptor (ER) beta (ERβ) levels were higher in older women than in younger women and older men (sex-age interaction, P < 0.01), and aromatase expression was higher in older men than in older women (P < 0.05). In SQAT, women had lower expression of ERβ than men (P < 0.05). Protein content of ER alpha and ERβ was highly correlated with the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 1 across sexes and ages (P < 0.001). Age increased SQ inflammatory gene expression in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS In morbid obesity, sex and age affect AT ERs, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, and inflammatory expression in an AT depot-dependent manner. The SQAT immunometabolic profile is heavily influenced by age and menopause status, more so than OMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Porter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jillian L Barnas
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole Spencer
- General Surgery, Columbia Surgical Associates, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James Pitt
- General Surgery, Columbia Surgical Associates, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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14
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Zohora FT, Aldebs AI, Nosoudi N, Singh SP, Ramirez-Vick JE. Gene Expression Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cells during 2D versus 3D Adipogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 208:113-133. [PMID: 32464628 DOI: 10.1159/000507187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the current understanding on molecular and cellular events of adipose developmental biology comes from monolayer cell culture models using preadipocyte cell lines, although in vivo adipose tissue consists of a much more complex three-dimensional microenvironment of diverse cell types, extracellular network, and tissue-specific morphological and functional features. Added to this fact, the preadipocytes, on which the adipogenesis mechanisms are mostly explored, possess some serious limitations (e.g., time of initial subculture and adipogenic differentiation time), which, perhaps, can efficiently be replaced with progenitor cells such as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). With the objective of developing a better in vitro model for adipose developmental biology, this project involves gene expression profiling of human ASCs (hASCs) during their differentiation to adipocytes in a 2D versus 3D culture model. This transcriptional-level analysis revealed that gene expression patterns of adipogenesis-induced hASCs in a 3D self-assembled polypeptide hydrogel are relatively different from the 2D monolayered cells on plastic hard substrate. Moreover, analysis of adipogenic lineage progression 9 days after adipogenic induction shows earlier differentiation of hASCs in 2D over their 3D counterparts. However, differentiation in 2D shows some unexpected behavior in terms of gene expression, which does not seem to be related to adipogenic lineage specification. Since hASCs are already being used in clinical trials due to their therapeutic potential, it is important to have a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms in an in vivo model microenvironment like the one presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuj Zohora
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Alyaa Isam Aldebs
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Nasim Nosoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Program,Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Surinder Pal Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishanan Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaime Eduardo Ramirez-Vick
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA,
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15
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Yu X, Fang X, Gao M, Mi J, Zhang X, Xia L, Zhao Z, Albrecht E, Maak S, Yang R. Isolation and Identification of Bovine Preadipocytes and Screening of MicroRNAs Associated with Adipogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050818. [PMID: 32397360 PMCID: PMC7278844 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Promoting fat deposition in beef cattle has been a focus of modern animal breeding research. However, previous researchers have not examined the mechanism of adipogenesis in much detail. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in adipogenesis. In this study, to explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and formation, bovine preadipocytes were isolated and induced into adipocytes, and then the expression patterns of miRNAs between preadipocytes and adipocytes were detected through RNA sequencing. Deep sequence analysis has identified 78, 71, and 48 novel miRNAs and 497, 491, and 524 known miRNAs in the preadipocytes, and 44, 54, and 47 novel miRNAs and 519, 522, and 504 known miRNAs in the adipocytes. Among the annotated miRNAs, 131 bovine miRNAs were upregulated in adipocytes, and 119 bovine miRNAs were downregulated in adipocytes, such as bta-miR-3604, bta-miR-23b-3p, bta-miR-26a, and bta-miR-129-3p. Bovine target gene prediction results of these miRNAs show that numerous genes are associated with lipid metabolism. These results can provide both technical support and a research basis for promoting bovine adipocyte fat deposition. Abstract The elucidation of the mechanisms of preadipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes is a major work in beef cattle breeding. As important post-transcriptional regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) take part in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and fat metabolism through binding seed sites of targeting mRNAs. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bovine preadipocytes and screen miRNAs associated with adipogenesis. Bovine preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous fatty tissue and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Verification of preadipocytes and adipocytes was performed by qRT-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR), Oil Red O staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Total RNA was extracted for small RNA sequencing. The sequencing data showed that 131 miRNAs were highly expressed in adipocytes, and 119 miRNAs were highly expressed in preadipocytes. Stem–loop qPCR (stem–loop quantitative real-time PCR) results showed that the expression patterns of 11 miRNAs were consistent with the sequencing results (miR-149-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-33a, etc.). According to KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses, multiple predicted target genes were associated with lipid metabolism. In summary, this study provides a protocol of isolating bovine preadipocytes and screening various differently expressed miRNAs during preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Xibi Fang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China;
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (E.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (E.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China; (X.Y.); (X.F.); (M.G.); (J.M.); (X.Z.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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17
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Baptista LS. Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1-7. [PMID: 32110271 PMCID: PMC7031762 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, briefly comparing them with their bone marrow counterparts, and discussing their potential for use in regenerative medicine. Subcutaneous adipose tissue differs from other mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) sources in that it contains a pre-adipocyte population that dwells in the adventitia of robust blood vessels. Pre-adipocytes are present both in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF; freshly isolated cells) and in the adherent fraction of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs; in vitro expanded cells), and have an active role on the chronic inflammation environment established in obesity, likely due their monocytic-macrophage lineage identity. The SVF and ASCs have been explored in cell therapy protocols with relative success, given their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, the widely explored multipotentiality of ASCs has direct application in bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering. The aim of this editorial is to reinforce the peculiarities of the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, revealing the spheroids as a recently described biotechnological tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Innovative cell culture techniques, in particular 3D scaffold-free cultures such as spheroids, are now available to increase the potential for regeneration and differentiation of mesenchymal lineages. Spheroids are being explored not only as a model for cell differentiation, but also as powerful 3D cell culture tools to maintain the stemness and expand the regenerative and differentiation capacities of mesenchymal cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Santos Baptista
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
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18
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Adipocytes Isolated from Visceral and Subcutaneous Depots of Donors Differing in BMI Crosstalk with Colon Cancer Cells and Modulate their Invasive Phenotype. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1404-1415. [PMID: 31400580 PMCID: PMC6700440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Mechanisms related the crosstalk between adipocytes and colon cancer cells are still not clear. We hypothesize that molecules and adipocytokines generated from the adipose tissue of obese individuals accentuate the effect on the metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer cells, i.e. induce disarray in energy metabolism networks of the targeted affected colonic epithelial cells, prompting their malignant phenotype. METHODS: To explore the mechanistic behind this crosstalk we conducted a co-culture model system using human colon cancer cells having different malignant abilities and adipocytes from different depots and subjects. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that co-culturing aggressive colon cancer cells such as HM-7 cells, with Visceral or Subcutaneous adipocytes (VA or SA respectively) from lean/obese subjects significantly up-regulate the secretion of the adipokines IL-8, MCP1, and IL-6 from the adipocytes. Surprisingly, the response of co-culturing HM-7 cells with obese SA was substantially more significant. In addition, these effects were significantly more pronounced when using HM-7 cells as compared to the less malignant HCT116 colon cancer cells. Moreover, the results showed that HM-7 cells, co-cultured with VA or SA from obese subjects, expressed higher levels of fatty acid binding protein 4; thus, the conditioned media obtained from the wells contained HM-7 cells and adipocytes from obese subjects was significantly more efficient in promoting invasion of HM-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that interaction between adipocytes and colon cancer cells, especially the highly malignant cells, results in metabolic alterations in colon cancer cells and in highly hypertrophy phenotype which characterized by increasing adipokines secretion from the adipocytes.
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19
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Silva KR, Baptista LS. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells from different adipose depots in obesity development. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:147-166. [PMID: 30949294 PMCID: PMC6441940 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunctions, which affect metabolism, insulin sensitivity and promote local and systemic inflammation. In mammals, WAT depots at different anatomical locations (subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral) are highly heterogeneous in their morpho-phenotypic profiles and contribute differently to homeostasis and obesity development, depending on their ability to trigger and modulate WAT inflammation. This heterogeneity is likely due to the differential behavior of cells from each depot. Numerous studies suggest that adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC; referred to as adipose progenitor cells, in vivo) with depot-specific gene expression profiles and adipogenic and immunomodulatory potentials are keys for the establishment of the morpho-functional heterogeneity between WAT depots, as well as for the development of depot-specific responses to metabolic challenges. In this review, we discuss depot-specific ASC properties and how they can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic disorders, to provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in the development of ASC-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
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20
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Ren B, Betz VM, Thirion C, Salomon M, Klar RM, Jansson V, Müller PE, Betz OB. Gene activated adipose tissue fragments as advanced autologous biomaterials for bone regeneration: osteogenic differentiation within the tissue and implications for clinical translation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:224. [PMID: 30659209 PMCID: PMC6338750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective, expedited approaches for bone regeneration are urgently needed in an ageing population. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) stimulate osteogenesis but their efficacy is impeded by their short half-life. Delivery by genetically modified cells can overcome this problem. However, cell isolation and propagation represent significant obstacles for the translation into the clinic. Instead, complete gene activated fragments of adipose tissue hold great potential for bone repair. Here, using an in-vitro culture system, we investigated whether adenoviral transduction with human BMP-2 can promote osteogenic differentiation within adipose tissue fragments. Osteoinduction in adipose tissue fragments was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistology and histomorphometry. BMP-2 transduced adipose tissue synthesized BMP-2 protein over 30 days peaking by day six, which significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation as indicated by increased calcium depositions, up-regulation of bone marker genes, and bone-related protein expression. Our results demonstrate that cells within adipose tissue fragments can differentiate osteogenically after BMP-2 transduction of cells on the surface of the adipose tissue. BMP-2 gene activated adipose tissue represents an advanced osteo-regenerative biomaterial that can actively contribute to osteogenesis and potentially enable the development of a novel, cost-effective, one-step surgical approach to bone repair without the need for cell isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Volker M Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Thirion
- Sirion Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Salomon
- Sirion Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland M Klar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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21
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Masood A, Benabdelkamel H, Alfadda AA. Obesity Proteomics: An Update on the Strategies and Tools Employed in the Study of Human Obesity. High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7030027. [PMID: 30213114 PMCID: PMC6164994 DOI: 10.3390/ht7030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics has become one of the most important disciplines for characterizing cellular protein composition, building functional linkages between protein molecules, and providing insight into the mechanisms of biological processes in a high-throughput manner. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic advances have made it possible to study human diseases, including obesity, through the identification and biochemical characterization of alterations in proteins that are associated with it and its comorbidities. A sizeable number of proteomic studies have used the combination of large-scale separation techniques, such as high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, for high-throughput protein identification. These studies have applied proteomics to comprehensive biochemical profiling and comparison studies while using different tissues and biological fluids from patients to demonstrate the physiological or pathological adaptations within their proteomes. Further investigations into these proteome-wide alterations will enable us to not only understand the disease pathophysiology, but also to determine signature proteins that can serve as biomarkers for obesity and related diseases. This review examines the different proteomic techniques used to study human obesity and discusses its successful applications along with its technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Alanazi IO, Alfadda AA. Comparison of protein precipitation methods from adipose tissue using difference gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1745-1753. [PMID: 29736990 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic methods have great potential to aid our understanding of the functional and pathological roles of adipose tissue. A critical initial step in the proteomic studies is the efficient isolation of proteins before conducting detailed analysis. In this study, three different methods were used for precipitating proteins; we analyzed samples from visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and stromal visceral fraction extracts after chloroform/methanol, acetone, and trichloroacetic acid precipitation. The proteins recovered after the precipitation steps were examined by 2D-DIGE. Statistical analyses were carried out using simple linear regression analyses and R2 values were calculated for the intra- and inter-method comparisons. We found that all three precipitation methods provided highly reproducible protein spots that were recovered when run in duplicate using the same method of precipitation, irrespective of whether it was solvent (R2 = 0.85-0.98) or acid-based (R2 = 0.80-0.96). A higher variation and poor correlation was noted for the recovered protein spots when comparisons were made between the methods (R2 = 0.40-0.88) and also when the same method was compared between different sample types. In this study, TCA-precipitated samples were enriched in lower molecular mass proteins compared to the samples extracted by solvent-based precipitation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- National Centre for Biotechnolgy King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Wetzels S, Bijnen M, Wijnands E, Biessen EAL, Schalkwijk CG, Wouters K. Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578525 PMCID: PMC5931482 DOI: 10.3791/57319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of immune cells in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT) deposits leads to a low-grade inflammation contributing to the development of obesity-associated complications such as type 2 diabetes. To quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the immune cell subsets in human AT deposits, we have developed a flow cytometry approach. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF), containing the immune cells, is isolated from subcutaneous and visceral AT biopsies by collagenase digestion. Adipocytes are removed after centrifugation. The SVF cells are stained for multiple membrane-bound markers selected to differentiate between immune cell subsets and analyzed using flow cytometry. As a result of this approach, pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), B-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and NK cells can be detected and quantified. This method gives detailed information about immune cells in AT and the amount of each specific subset. Since there are numerous fluorescent antibodies available, our flow cytometry approach can be adjusted to measure various other cellular and intracellular markers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Wetzels
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC; CARIM, MUMC; Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University
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24
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Adipose depot-specific effects of ileal interposition surgery in UCD-T2D rats: unexpected implications for obesity and diabetes. Biochem J 2018; 475:649-662. [PMID: 29321243 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ileal interposition (IT) surgery delays the onset of diabetes in a rat model of type-2 diabetes (UCD-T2DM). Here, to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular events underlying the effects of IT surgery, we examined the changes in the proteome of four white adipose depots (retroperitoneal, mesenteric, inguinal, and epididymal) and plasma-free fatty acid profile in pre-diabetic rats 1.5 months following IT or sham surgery. The IT-mediated changes were exerted mainly in mesenteric fat and spanned from delayed adipocyte maturation to a neuroendocrine remodeling. Conversely, inguinal, retroperitoneal, and epididymal depots showed opposite trends consistent with increased adipocyte maturation and adipogenesis development prior to overt signs of diabetes, probably orchestrated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling and higher plasma n-6/n-3 free fatty acid ratios. The resulting scenario suggests a targeted use of surgical strategies that seek to delay or improve diabetes in order to manipulate adipose depot-specific responses to maximize the duration and beneficial effects of the surgery.
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25
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Feist PE, Loughran EA, Stack MS, Hummon AB. Quantitative proteomic analysis of murine white adipose tissue for peritoneal cancer metastasis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1583-1594. [PMID: 29282499 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis risk increases in older individuals, but the mechanisms for this risk increase are unclear. Many peritoneal cancers, including ovarian cancer, preferentially metastasize to peritoneal fat depots. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring aged peritoneal adipose tissue in the context of cancer. Because adipose tissue produces signals which influence several diseases including cancer, proteomics of adipose tissue in aged and young mice may provide insight into metastatic mechanisms. We analyzed mesenteric, omental, and uterine adipose tissue groups from the peritoneal cavities of young and aged C57BL/6J mouse cohorts with a low-fraction SDS-PAGE gelLC-MS/MS method. We identified 2308 protein groups and quantified 2167 groups, among which several protein groups showed twofold or greater abundance differences between the aged and young cohorts. Cancer-related gene products previously identified as significant in another age-related study were found altered in this study. Several gene products known to suppress proliferation and cellular invasion were found downregulated in the aged cohort, including R-Ras, Arid1a, and heat shock protein β1. In addition, multiple protein groups were identified within single cohorts, including the proteins Cd11a, Stat3, and Ptk2b. These data suggest that adipose tissue is a strong candidate for analysis to identify possible contributors to cancer metastasis in older subjects. The results of this study, the first of its kind using uterine adipose tissue, contribute to the understanding of the role of adipose tissue in age-related alteration of oncogenic pathways, which may help elucidate the mechanisms of increased metastatic tumor burden in the aged. Graphical abstract We analyzed mesenteric, omental, and uterine adipose tissue groups from the peritoneal cavities of young and aged C57BL/6J mouse cohorts with a low-fraction SDS-PAGE gelLC-MS/MS method. These fat depots are preferential sites for many peritoneal cancers. The results of this study, the first of its kind using uterine adipose tissue, contribute to the understanding of the role of adipose tissue in age-related alteration of oncogenic pathways, which may help elucidate the mechanisms of increased metastatic tumor burden in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Feist
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Loughran
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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26
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Patni N, Xing C, Agarwal AK, Garg A. Juvenile-onset generalized lipodystrophy due to a novel heterozygous missense LMNA mutation affecting lamin C. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2517-2521. [PMID: 28686329 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The LMNA gene contains 12 exons and encodes lamins A and C by alternative splicing within exon 10. While mutations in lamin A specific residues cause several diseases including lipodystrophy, progeria, muscular dystrophy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy, only three families with mutations in lamin C-specific residues are reported with cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, and muscular dystrophy so far. We now report two brothers with juvenile-onset generalized lipodystrophy due to a lamin C-specific mutation. The proband, a 23-year-old Caucasian male was reported to have generalized lipodystrophy at 3 weeks of age, developed diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and liver problems and died with complications of cirrhosis, and kidney failure. His younger brother, a 37-year-old Caucasian male developed generalized lipodystrophy around 2 years of age and was diagnosed with diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and hypertension at 36 years of age. Their father also died of end stage renal disease at age 52 years. Exome sequencing of the proband revealed an extremely rare missense heterozygous variant c.1711_1712CG>TC; p.(Arg571Ser) in LMNA which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in both the patients. Interestingly, the mutation had no effect on mRNA splicing or relative expression of lamin A or C mRNA and protein in the lymphoblasts. Our observations suggest that mutant lamin C disrupts its interaction with other cellular proteins resulting in generalized lipodystrophy due to defective development and maintenance of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Departments of Bioinformatics and Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and the Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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27
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Silva KR, Côrtes I, Liechocki S, Carneiro JRI, Souza AAP, Borojevic R, Maya-Monteiro CM, Baptista LS. Characterization of stromal vascular fraction and adipose stem cells from subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral morbidly obese human adipose tissue depots. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174115. [PMID: 28323901 PMCID: PMC5360317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The pathological condition of obesity is accompanied by a dysfunctional adipose tissue. We postulate that subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral obese abdominal white adipose tissue depots could have stromal vascular fractions (SVF) with distinct composition and adipose stem cells (ASC) that would differentially account for the pathogenesis of obesity. Methods In order to evaluate the distribution of SVF subpopulations, samples of subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral adipose tissues from morbidly obese women (n = 12, BMI: 46.2±5.1 kg/m2) were collected during bariatric surgery, enzymatically digested and analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 12). ASC from all depots were evaluated for morphology, surface expression, ability to accumulate lipid after induction and cytokine secretion (n = 3). Results A high content of preadipocytes was found in the SVF of subcutaneous depot (p = 0.0178). ASC from the three depots had similar fibroblastoid morphology with a homogeneous expression of CD34, CD146, CD105, CD73 and CD90. ASC from the visceral depot secreted the highest levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and G-CSF (p = 0.0278). Interestingly, preperitoneal ASC under lipid accumulation stimulus showed the lowest levels of all the secreted cytokines, except for adiponectin that was enhanced (p = 0.0278). Conclusions ASC from preperitoneal adipose tissue revealed the less pro-inflammatory properties, although it is an internal adipose depot. Conversely, ASC from visceral adipose tissue are the most pro-inflammatory. Therefore, ASC from subcutaneous, visceral and preperitoneal adipose depots could differentially contribute to the chronic inflammatory scenario of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Post-graduation Program of Medical Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology – INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (KRS); (LSB)
| | - Isis Côrtes
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology – INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sally Liechocki
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Regis Ivar Carneiro
- Nutrology Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Peixoto Souza
- Surgery Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Post-graduation Program of Medical Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Petrópolis Faculty of Medicine – FASE, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology – INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Xerem - Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (KRS); (LSB)
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28
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Minchin JEN, Rawls JF. In vivo imaging and quantification of regional adiposity in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:3-27. [PMID: 28129849 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues (ATs) are lipid-rich structures that supply and sequester energy-dense lipid in response to the energy status of an organism. As such, ATs provide an organism energetic insurance during periods of adverse physiological burden. ATs are deposited in diverse anatomical locations, and excessive accumulation of particular regional ATs modulates disease risk. Therefore, a model system that facilitates the visualization and quantification of regional adiposity holds significant biomedical promise. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a new model system for AT research in which the entire complement of regional ATs can be imaged and quantified in live individuals. Here we present detailed methods for labeling adipocytes in live zebrafish using fluorescent lipophilic dyes, and for identifying and quantifying regional zebrafish ATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E N Minchin
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J F Rawls
- Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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29
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Inserra I, Martelli C, Cipollina M, Cicione C, Iavarone F, Taranto GD, Barba M, Castagnola M, Desiderio C, Lattanzi W. Lipoaspirate fluid proteome: A preliminary investigation by LC-MS top-down/bottom-up integrated platform of a high potential biofluid in regenerative medicine. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1015-26. [PMID: 26719138 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lipoaspirate fluid (LAF) is emerging as a potentially valuable source in regenerative medicine. In particular, our group recently demonstrated that it is able to exert osteoinductive properties in vitro. This original observation stimulated the investigation of the proteomic component of LAF, by means of LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS top-down/bottom-up integrated approach, which represents the object of the present study. Top-down analyses required the optimization of sample pretreatment procedures to enable the correct investigation of the intact proteome. Bottom-up analyses have been directly applied to untreated samples after monodimensional SDS-PAGE separation. The analysis of the acid-soluble fraction of LAF by top-down approach allowed demonstrating the presence of albumin and hemoglobin fragments (i.e. VV- and LVV-hemorphin-7), thymosins β4 and β10 peptides, ubiquitin and acyl-CoA binding protein; adipogenesis regulatory factor, perilipin-1 fragments, and S100A6, along with their PTMs. Part of the bottom-up proteomic profile was reproducibly found in both tested samples. The bottom-up approach allowed demonstrating the presence of proteins, listed among the components of adipose tissue and/or comprised within the ASCs intracellular content and secreted proteome. Our data provide a first glance on the LAF molecular profile, which is consistent with its tissue environment. LAF appeared to contain bioactive proteins, peptides and paracrine factors, suggesting its potential translational exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Inserra
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cipollina
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cicione
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Taranto
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Banca del Tessuto Muscolo-Scheletrico della Regione Lazio, Università Cattolica del, Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Cell, animal and human studies dealing with carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology with implications for the etiology and management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are reviewed. Most studied carotenoids in this context are β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, together with β-carotene-derived retinoids and some other apocarotenoids. Studies indicate an impact of these compounds on essential aspects of adipose tissue biology including the control of adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), adipocyte metabolism, oxidative stress and the production of adipose tissue-derived regulatory signals and inflammatory mediators. Specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives restrain adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy while enhancing fat oxidation and energy dissipation in brown and white adipocytes, and counteract obesity in animal models. Intake, blood levels and adipocyte content of carotenoids are reduced in human obesity. Specifically designed human intervention studies in the field, though still sparse, indicate a beneficial effect of carotenoid supplementation in the accrual of abdominal adiposity. In summary, studies support a role of specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives in the prevention of excess adiposity, and suggest that carotenoid requirements may be dependent on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jose A Canas
- Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Hernández-Díaz A, Arana-Martínez JC, Carbó R, Espinosa-Cervantes R, Sánchez-Muñoz F. [Omentin: Role in insulin resistance, inflammation and cardiovascular protection]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2015; 86:233-43. [PMID: 26778502 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The omentin is an adipokine, which role is due to the capacity of regulate metabolic (insulin sensitivity) and anti-inflammatory activities, thus conferring vascular protection during obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. By this, it is important to know the mechanisms by which omentin confers cardiovascular protection, with the purpose of establish omentin a possible therapeutic target or molecule on this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díaz
- Maestría en Farmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
| | - Julio C Arana-Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
| | - Román Espinosa-Cervantes
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, México, D.F., México
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México.
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Computed tomography-based assessment of abdominal adiposity changes and their impact on metabolic alterations following bariatric surgery. World J Surg 2015; 39:417-23. [PMID: 25331726 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on the abdominal adipose tissue depots and the metabolic profile in morbidly obese (MO) patients. METHODS The study was performed with a semi-automated quantification of adipose tissue compartments on single-slice abdominal CT series before surgery, 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. Thirty-eight MO patients with mean age of 35.7 ± 10.1 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 43.6 ± 6.5 kg/m(2) were studied (20 patients underwent gastric banding and 18 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy). Anthropometric measurements, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in each patient. RESULTS Markedly decreased levels of total abdominal adipose tissue, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AbSAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) at 6 and 12 months were noted in comparison to the preoperative values. The total % reduction of VAT was significant higher in comparison to the total % reduction of AbSAT at 12 months after bariatric surgery (P < 0.01) with the mean ratio of AbSAT/VAT to increase from 4.1 ± 1.7 preoperatively to 6.2 ± 3.1 at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). In addition, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) decreased significantly with weight loss after bariatric surgery and the total abdominal lipid loss was related to the decrease in hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in abdominal lipid deposition occurred in MO patients 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. The changes were significantly, correlated with the magnitude of BMI loss. The fat redistribution may contribute to the improvements in metabolic abnormalities.
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Díaz-Ruiz A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Moreno NR, García-Rios A, Delgado-Casado N, Membrives A, Túnez I, El Bekay R, Fernández-Real JM, Tovar S, Diéguez C, Tinahones FJ, Vázquez-Martínez R, López-Miranda J, Malagón MM. Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises Insulin Sensitivity in Human Obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:597-612. [PMID: 25714483 PMCID: PMC4554552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disease. However, a subset of obese individuals, referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, are protected from obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the insulin-sensitive to the insulin-resistant, metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) phenotype. RESULTS Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) human AT revealed that both types of cells are altered in the MUHO state. Specifically, the glutathione redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of MUHO individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate. In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in human obesity, which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with insulin signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that proteasomal dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Díaz-Ruiz
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Natalia R Moreno
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Rios
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Delgado-Casado
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Membrives
- 4 Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestivo. Sección de Obesidad, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,7 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi) , Girona, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,8 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,8 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
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Luisa Bonet M, Canas JA, Ribot J, Palou A. Carotenoids and their conversion products in the control of adipocyte function, adiposity and obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kim EY, Kim WK, Oh KJ, Han BS, Lee SC, Bae KH. Recent advances in proteomic studies of adipose tissues and adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4581-99. [PMID: 25734986 PMCID: PMC4394436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that is associated with significantly increased levels of risk of a number of metabolic disorders. Despite these enhanced health risks, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Obesity is caused by the accumulation of an abnormal amount of body fat in adipose tissue, which is composed mostly of adipocytes. Thus, a deeper understanding of the regulation mechanism of adipose tissue and/or adipocytes can provide a clue for overcoming obesity-related metabolic diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances in the study of adipose tissue and/or adipocytes, focusing on proteomic approaches. In addition, we suggest future research directions for proteomic studies which may lead to novel treatments of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
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Arriarán S, Agnelli S, Remesar X, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M. The urea cycle of rat white adipose tissue. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue urea-cycle enzymes showed a high activity and gene expression, second only to liver in catalytic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Arriarán
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Silvia Agnelli
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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Rogers RS, Beaudoin MS, Wheatley JL, Wright DC, Geiger PC. Heat shock proteins: in vivo heat treatments reveal adipose tissue depot-specific effects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:98-106. [PMID: 25554799 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00286.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat treatments (HT) and the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) improve whole body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity while decreasing white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. However, HSPs in WAT have been understudied. The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns of HSP expression in WAT depots, and to examine the effects of a single in vivo HT on WAT metabolism. Male Wistar rats received HT (41°C, 20 min) or sham treatment (37°C), and 24 h later subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal WAT depots (SCAT, eWAT, and rpWAT, respectively) were removed for ex vivo experiments and Western blotting. SCAT, eWAT, and rpWAT from a subset of rats were also cultured separately and received a single in vitro HT or sham treatment. HSP72 and HSP25 expression was greatest in more metabolically active WAT depots (i.e., eWAT and rpWAT) compared with the SCAT. Following HT, HSP72 increased in all depots with the greatest induction occurring in the SCAT. In addition, HSP25 increased in the rpWAT and eWAT, while HSP60 increased in the rpWAT only in vivo. Free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT explants was increased following HT in the rpWAT only, and fatty acid reesterification was decreased in the rpWAT but increased in the SCAT following HT. HT increased insulin responsiveness in eWAT, but not in SCAT or rpWAT. Differences in HSP expression and induction patterns following HT further support the growing body of literature differentiating distinct WAT depots in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua L Wheatley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
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Svendstrup M, Vestergaard H. The potential role of inhibitor of differentiation-3 in human adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic health. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:149-54. [PMID: 25239768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic health in obesity is known to differ among individuals, and the distribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) plays an important role in this regard. Adipose tissue expansion is dependent on new blood vessel formation in order to prevent hypoxia and inflammation in the tissue. Regulation of angiogenesis in SAT and VAT in response to diet is therefore crucial for the metabolic outcome in obesity. Knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms determining metabolic health in obesity is very limited. We aimed to review the literature of the inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3) gene in relation to adipose tissue and angiogenesis in humans in order to determine whether ID3 could be involved in the regulation of adipose tissue expansion and metabolic health in human obesity. We find evidence that ID3 is involved in regulatory mechanisms in adipose tissue and regulates angiogenesis in many tissues including adipose tissue. We discuss how this might influence obesity and metabolic health in obesity and further discuss some potential mechanisms by which ID3 might regulate visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion. The combined results from the reviewed literature suggest ID3 to play a potential role in the underlying regulatory mechanisms of metabolic health in human obesity. The literature is still sparse and further studies focusing on human ID3 in relation to the nature of obesity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Svendstrup
- The Danish Diabetes Academy and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Peinado JR, Diaz-Ruiz A, Frühbeck G, Malagon MM. Mitochondria in metabolic disease: getting clues from proteomic studies. Proteomics 2014; 14:452-66. [PMID: 24339000 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role as major regulators of cellular energy homeostasis, but in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondria may generate reactive oxidative species and induce cellular apoptosis. Indeed, altered mitochondrial status has been linked to the pathogenesis of several metabolic disorders and specially disorders related to insulin resistance, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other comorbidities comprising the metabolic syndrome. In the present review, we summarize information from various mitochondrial proteomic studies of insulin-sensitive tissues under different metabolic states. To that end, we first focus our attention on the pancreas, as mitochondrial malfunction has been shown to contribute to beta cell failure and impaired insulin release. Furthermore, proteomic studies of mitochondria obtained from liver, muscle, and adipose tissue are summarized, as these tissues constitute the primary insulin target metabolic tissues. Since recent advances in proteomic techniques have exposed the importance of PTMs in the development of metabolic disease, we also present information on specific PTMs that may directly affect mitochondria during the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Specifically, mitochondrial protein acetylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs related to oxidative damage, such as nitrosylation and carbonylation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Jimenez-Gomez Y, Cruz-Teno C, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Peinado JR, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Garcia-Rios A, Camargo A, Vazquez-Martinez R, Ortega-Bellido M, Perez-Jimenez F, Roche HM, Malagon MM, Lopez-Miranda J. Effect of dietary fat modification on subcutaneous white adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2177-88. [PMID: 25044988 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To determine whether the insulin resistance that exists in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients is modulated by dietary fat composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned to one of four diets for 12 wk: high-saturated fatty acids (HSFAs), high-MUFA (HMUFA), and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets supplemented with long-chain n-3 (LFHCC n-3) PUFA or placebo. At the end of intervention, the LFHCC n-3 diet reduced plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and nonsterified fatty acid concentration (p < 0.05) as compared to baseline Spanish habitual (BSH) diet. Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) analysis revealed decreased EH-domain containing-2 mRNA levels and increased cbl-associated protein gene expression with the LFHCC n-3 compared to HSFA and HMUFA diets, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, the LFHCC n-3 decreased gene expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with respect to HMUFA and BSH diets (p < 0.05). Finally, proteomic characterization of subcutaneous WAT identified three proteins of glucose metabolism downregulated by the LFHCC n-3 diet, including annexin A2. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the decrease of annexin A2 (p = 0.027) after this diet. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the LFHCC n-3 diet reduces systemic insulin resistance and improves insulin signaling in subcutaneous WAT of MetS patients compared to HSFA and BSH diets consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Jimenez-Gomez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba and CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
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Liang Y, Lin SL, Wang CW, Yao HD, Zhang ZW, Xu SW. Effect of selenium on selenoprotein expression in the adipose tissue of chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:41-8. [PMID: 24894829 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the effects of selenium (Se) deficiency on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of 25 selenoproteins (Sels) (including glutathione peroxidases (GPx1-GPx4), thioredoxin reductases (TrxR1-TrxR3), iodothyronine deiodinases (ID1-ID3), selenophosphate synthetase 2 (SPS2), 15-kDa Sel (Sel15), SelH, SelI, SelK, SelM, Sepn1, SelO, Sepx, Selpb, SelS, SelT, SelW, Sepp1, and SelU in the adipose tissues (subcutaneous adipose, visceral adipose, and articular adipose) of chickens. One hundred and fifty 1-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to two groups of 75 each and were fed a low-Se diet (0.032 mg/kg Se) or a control diet (0.282 mg/kg Se). The expression levels of 25 Sel mRNAs were determined on days 35, 45, and 55 from three parts (subcutaneous adipose, visceral adipose, and articular adipose) of the chicken adipose tissues. The results showed that the expression levels of the 25 Sel mRNAs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the low-selenium group than in the control group. In addition, the Sel mRNA expression levels in the three adipose tissues were observed to decrease in a time-dependent manner with increasing feeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Schwartz B, Yehuda-Shnaidman E. Putative role of adipose tissue in growth and metabolism of colon cancer cells. Front Oncol 2014; 4:164. [PMID: 25019059 PMCID: PMC4071563 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging data highlight obesity as an important risk factor for developing certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Although evidence supports a link between the two, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship have not yet been fully elucidated. Hypertrophied and dysfunctional adipose tissue of the obese state is characterized by low-grade inflammation. Adipokines and cytokines secreted from adipocytes, together with the abundant availability of lipids from adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment, promote adhesion, migration, and invasion of tumor cells and support tumor progression and uncontrolled growth. One of the predisposed targets of the deleterious effects exerted by secretions from adipose tissue in obesity is the activities associated with the cellular mitochondria. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism plays a key role in meeting cells' energetic demands by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here we discuss: (a) the dynamic relationship between glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and OxPhos; (b) the evidence for impaired OxPhos (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) in colon cancer; (c) the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction can predispose to cancer. We propose that impaired OxPhos increases susceptibility to colon cancer since OxPhos is sensitive to a large number of factors that are intrinsic to the host (e.g., inflammation). Given that adipocytes are a major source of adipokines and energy for the cancer cell, understanding the mechanisms of metabolic symbiosis between cancer cells and adipocytes should reveal new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
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LC-MS/MS analysis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue proteomes in young goats with focus on innate immunity and inflammation related proteins. J Proteomics 2014; 108:295-305. [PMID: 24911890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The endocrine role of adipose tissue and its involvement in several physiological and pathological processes are well recognized. Studies on human, mouse and rat adipose tissues have made clear that subcutaneous and visceral deposits play different roles, which is also reflected by different protein and gene expression patterns. In ruminants, fat tissues play important biological roles not only for animal health, but also for quality and gain in meat and milk production. Yet very few studies have explored the ruminant adipose tissue proteomes. The aim of our study was to compare subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of goat, focusing on proteins involved in immune and inflammatory response. A 2-D LC-MS/MS approach followed by cluster analysis shows a clear distinction between subcutaneous and visceral fat tissue proteomes, and qualitative RT-PCR based analysis of 30 potential adipokines further confirmed the individual expression patterns of 26 of these, including 7 whose mRNA expression was observed for the first time in adipose tissues. This study provides a first description of adipose tissue proteomes in goat, and presents observations on novel proteins related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways. The mass spectrometry data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD000564. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The proteomic analysis of different subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue deposits showed tissue specific differences in protein expressions of well known as well as novel adipokines. This highlights the importance of sampling site when studying adipose tissue's metabolic roles. The protein expression characteristics of adipose tissues was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, and confirmed that adipose tissues play a central role in controlling inflammation, detoxification and coagulation pathways, as well as regulation of body fat mobilization in dairy animals. These findings are of particular interest in farm animals where health and production traits are important for animal welfare and for economic gains.
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Xue R, Wan Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Ye H, Li Y. Role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the differentiation of brown fat-like adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E363-72. [PMID: 24347060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00119.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There are two different types of fat present in mammals: white adipose tissue, the primary site of energy storage, and brown adipose tissue, which is specializes in energy expenditure. Factors that specify the developmental fate and function of brown fat are poorly understood. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in adipogenesis. While BMP4 is capable of triggering commitment of stem cells to the white adipocyte lineage, BMP7 triggers commitment of progenitor cells to a brown adipocyte lineage and activates brown adipogenesis. To investigate the differential effects of BMPs on the development of adipocytes, C3H10T1/2 pluripotent cells were pretreated with BMP4 and BMP7, followed by different adipogenic induction cocktails. Both BMP4 and BMP7 unexpectedly activated a full program of brown adipogenesis, including induction of the brown fat-defining marker uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), increasing the expression of early regulators of brown fat fate PRDM16 (PR domain-containing 16) and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Implantation of BMP4-pretreated C3H10T1/2 cells into nude mice resulted in the development of adipose tissue depots containing UCP1-positive brown adipocytes. Interestingly, BMP4 could also induce brown fat-like adipocytes in both white and brown preadipocytes, thereby decreasing the classical brown adipocyte marker Zic1 and increasing the recently identified beige adipocyte marker TMEM26. The data indicate an important role for BMP4 in promoting brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis in vivo and in vitro and offers a potentially new therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Xue
- Department of Endocrinoloy and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Komolka K, Albrecht E, Wimmers K, Michal JJ, Maak S. Molecular heterogeneities of adipose depots - potential effects on adipose-muscle cross-talk in humans, mice and farm animals. J Genomics 2014; 2:31-44. [PMID: 25057322 PMCID: PMC4105427 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is considered as a major endocrine organ that secretes numerous proteins called adipokines. The heterogeneous nature of adipose tissue in different parts of the body suggests respective heterogeneity of proteomes and secretomes. This review consolidates knowledge from recent studies targeting the diversity of different adipose depots affecting the pattern of secreted adipokines and discusses potential consequences for the cross-talk between adipose and skeletal muscle in humans, rodent models and farm animals. Special attention is paid to muscle-associated fat depots like inter- and intramuscular fat that become focus of attention in the context of the rather new notion of skeletal muscle as a major endocrine organ. Understanding the complexity of communication between adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells will allow developing strategies for improvement of human health and for sustainable production of high quality meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Komolka
- 1. Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), W.-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- 1. Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), W.-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- 2. Research Unit Molecular Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), W.-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Michal
- 3. Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Steffen Maak
- 1. Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), W.-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Kim SJ, Chae S, Kim H, Mun DG, Back S, Choi HY, Park KS, Hwang D, Choi SH, Lee SW. A protein profile of visceral adipose tissues linked to early pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:811-22. [PMID: 24403596 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.035501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is increasingly recognized as an endocrine organ playing important pathophysiological roles in metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), as opposed to subcutaneous adipose tissue, is closely linked to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. Despite the importance of VAT, its molecular signatures related to the pathogenesis of T2DM have not been systematically explored. Here, we present comprehensive proteomic analysis of VATs in drug-naïve early T2DM patients and subjects with normal glucose tolerance. A total of 4,707 proteins were identified in LC-MS/MS experiments. Among them, 444 increased in abundance in T2DM and 328 decreased. They are involved in T2DM-related processes including inflammatory responses, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism. Of these proteins, we selected 11 VAT proteins that can represent alteration in early T2DM patients. Among them, up-regulation of FABP4, C1QA, S100A8, and SORBS1 and down-regulation of ACADL and PLIN4 were confirmed in VAT samples of independent early T2DM patients using Western blot. In summary, our profiling provided a comprehensive basis for understanding the link of a protein profile of VAT to early pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
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Jimenez V, Muñoz S, Casana E, Mallol C, Elias I, Jambrina C, Ribera A, Ferre T, Franckhauser S, Bosch F. In vivo adeno-associated viral vector-mediated genetic engineering of white and brown adipose tissue in adult mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:4012-22. [PMID: 24043756 PMCID: PMC3837045 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is pivotal in the regulation of energy homeostasis through the balance of energy storage and expenditure and as an endocrine organ. An inadequate mass and/or alterations in the metabolic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue underlie the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. To fully understand the metabolic and molecular mechanism(s) involved in adipose dysfunction, in vivo genetic modification of adipocytes holds great potential. Here, we demonstrate that adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, especially serotypes 8 and 9, mediated efficient transduction of white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult lean and obese diabetic mice. The use of short versions of the adipocyte protein 2 or uncoupling protein-1 promoters or micro-RNA target sequences enabled highly specific, long-term AAV-mediated transgene expression in white or brown adipocytes. As proof of concept, delivery of AAV vectors encoding for hexokinase or vascular endothelial growth factor to WAT or BAT resulted in increased glucose uptake or increased vessel density in targeted depots. This method of gene transfer also enabled the secretion of stable high levels of the alkaline phosphatase marker protein into the bloodstream by transduced WAT. Therefore, AAV-mediated genetic engineering of adipose tissue represents a useful tool for the study of adipose pathophysiology and, likely, for the future development of new therapeutic strategies for obesity and diabetes.
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Kamal AHM, Kim WK, Cho K, Park A, Min JK, Han BS, Park SG, Lee SC, Bae KH. Investigation of adipocyte proteome during the differentiation of brown preadipocytes. J Proteomics 2013; 94:327-36. [PMID: 24129212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brown adipocytes oxidize fatty acids to produce heat in response to cold or caloric overfeeding. The motivation and function of the development of brown fat may thus counteract obesity, though this remains uncertain. We investigated the brown adipocyte proteome by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Comparative analyses of proteins focused on total protein spots to filter differentially expressed proteins during the differentiation of mouse primary brown preadipocytes. A Western blot analysis was performed to verify the target proteins. The results indicated that 10 protein spots were differentially expressed with significant changes, including the three up-regulated proteins of prohibitin, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and enoyl-CoA hydratase protein; the 5 down-regulated proteins of triosephosphate isomerase, elongation factor 2, α-tropomyosin slow, endophilin-B1, and cofilin-1 (CFL1); and the two unequivocally expressed proteins of peroxiredoxin-1 and collagen α-1(i) chain precursor. We found that during brown adipogenesis, CFL1 has an inhibitory effect on brown adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of CFL1 inhibited the brown fat deposition and repressed the brown marker genes UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α and PPARγ via actin dynamics and polymerization. These observations may be novel findings that bring new insight into the detailed mechanisms of brown adipogenesis and identify possible therapeutic targets for anti-obesity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We use 2-DE to compare the proteomes of adipocytes during the brown adipogenesis of primary mouse preadipocytes. We identified 10 proteins that are differentially expressed. Among these, we found that the actin binding protein CFL1 inhibits the differentiation of brown preadipocytes. CFL1 overexpressing cells showed lower deposition of brown fat droplets, and the brown marker genes of UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α and PPARγ were decreased through actin dynamics and polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Research Center for Integrated Cellulomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Murri M, Insenser M, Bernal-Lopez MR, Perez-Martinez P, Escobar-Morreale HF, Tinahones FJ. Proteomic analysis of visceral adipose tissue in pre-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 376:99-106. [PMID: 23791845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the progression to overt diabetes in pre-obese subjects remain unclear. Therefore, a nontargeted evaluation of differences in the protein abundance of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from pre-obese diabetic subjects and pre-obese subjects showing normal glucose tolerance may provide novel insights on the molecular processes involved in the progression to overt diabetes in pre-obesity. Diabetic patients showed increased VAT abundance of glutathione S-transferase Mu 2, peroxiredoxin-2, antithrombin-III, apolipoprotein A-IV, Ig κ chain C region, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and actin, and decreased abundance of annexin-A1, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-1, and vinculin, compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. These proteins are involved in cytoskeleton function and structure, oxidative stress, inflammation and retinoid metabolism. The presence of diabetes influences the VAT abundance of several proteins. Hence, the proteins identified here could be considered candidate molecules in future studies addressing the role that VAT dysfunction plays in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Murri
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
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Montes-Nieto R, Insenser M, Martínez-García MÁ, Escobar-Morreale HF. A nontargeted proteomic study of the influence of androgen excess on human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue proteomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E576-85. [PMID: 23348399 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex hormones, particularly androgens, may influence not only adipose tissue distribution but also its functions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate if sexual dimorphism in body composition is accompanied by differences in the protein abundance of adipose tissue by applying a nontargeted proteomic approach. DESIGN This was a case-control study. SETTINGS The setting was an academic hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-one morbidly obese patients, including 7 men, 7 women showing no evidence of androgen excess, and 7 hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. INTERVENTIONS We obtained subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue samples during bariatric surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Protein abundance in VAT and SAT was analyzed by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight coupled to mass spectrometry. Results were validated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The abundance of 2 spots of peroxiredoxin 6, creatine kinase B-type, 2 spots of selenium-binding protein 1, ruvB-like 2, 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, and albumin were higher in VAT compared with SAT in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Men showed a similar pattern, whereas no difference between adipose tissue depots was observed in control women. Other proteins showed differences between VAT and SAT, confirming previous studies, or between the groups of subjects, without interaction between both effects. Several findings were confirmed by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Sexual dimorphism influences the abundance of several proteins in VAT and SAT. The patterns of abundance in adipose tissue depots of several proteins involved in metabolic processes were similar in women with androgen excess and in men, suggesting that androgens influence adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Montes-Nieto
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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