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Muselius B, Bodein A, Roux-Dalvai F, Droit A, Geddes-McAlister J. Proteomic Profiling of Samples Derived from a Murine Model Following Cryptococcus neoformans Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2775:127-137. [PMID: 38758315 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3722-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Proteomic profiling provides in-depth information about the regulation of diverse biological processes, activation of and communication across signaling networks, and alterations to protein production, modifications, and interactions. For infectious disease research, mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables detection of host defenses against infection and mechanisms used by the pathogen to evade such responses. In this chapter, we outline protein extraction from organs, tissues, and fluids collected following intranasal inoculation of a murine model with the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. We describe sample preparation, followed by purification, processing on the mass spectrometer, and a robust bioinformatics analysis. The information gleaned from proteomic profiling of fungal infections supports the detection of novel biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Muselius
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Bodein
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Roux-Dalvai
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada
- Canadian Proteomics and Artificial Intelligence Consortium, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada
- Canadian Proteomics and Artificial Intelligence Consortium, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Kondethimmanahalli C, Ganta RR. Proteome analysis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis containing phagosome membranes revealed the presence of numerous bacterial and host proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1070356. [PMID: 36619760 PMCID: PMC9816426 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-transmitted Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent for human monocytic ehrlichiosis, resides and multiplies within a host cell phagosome. Infection progression of E. chaffeensis includes internalization into a host cell by host cell membrane fusion events following engulfment leading to the formation of E. chaffeensis containing vacuole (ECV). Revealing the molecular composition of ECV is important in understanding the host cellular processes, evasion of host defense pathways and in defining host-pathogen interactions. ECVs purified from infected host cells were analyzed to define both host and bacterial proteomes associated with the phagosome membranes. About 160 bacterial proteins and 2,683 host proteins were identified in the ECV membranes. The host proteins included predominantly known phagosome proteins involved in phagocytic trafficking, fusion of vesicles, protein transport, Ras signaling pathway and pathogenic infection. Many highly expressed proteins were similar to the previously documented proteins of phagosome vacuole membranes containing other obligate pathogenic bacteria. The finding of many bacterial membrane proteins is novel; they included multiple outer membrane proteins, such as the p28-Omps, the 120 kDa protein, preprotein translocases, lipoproteins, metal binding proteins, and chaperonins, although the presence of ankyrin repeat proteins, several Type I and IV secretion system proteins is anticipated. This study demonstrates that ECV membrane is extensively modified by the pathogen. This study represents the first and the most comprehensive description of ECV membrane proteome. The identity of many host and Ehrlichia proteins in the ECV membrane will be a valuable to define pathogenic mechanisms critical for the replication of the pathogen within macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman R. Ganta
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Bueno CB, dos Santos RM, de Souza Buzo F, de Andrade da Silva MSR, Rigobelo EC. Effects of Chemical Fertilization and Microbial Inoculum on Bacillus subtilis Colonization in Soybean and Maize Plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901157. [PMID: 35875531 PMCID: PMC9298503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting endophytic microorganisms in agriculture have been expanding in Brazil and are an excellent strategy to face the challenges of current agriculture, such as reducing production costs with fewer environmental impacts, without detriment to productivity. However, little is known about the factors that can affect the colonization of endophytic such as inoculant concentration and mineral fertilization. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of these factors on soybean and maize crops and found that for soybean crops, the highest Bacillus subtilis concentration of 1 × 104 and 1 × 1010 CFU ml−1 promoted the highest number of recovered bacteria, when there was no mineral fertilization. However, mineral fertilization limited the number of recovered bacteria, suggesting that mineral fertilization interferes with endophytic colonization. For maize crops, the highest number of recovered bacteria occurred from the concentration of 1 × 106 CFU ml−1, not differing from the highest concentrations. A mineral fertilization dose of 25% promoted the greatest B. subtilis recovery compared to the other treatments. Regarding plant development, the highest microbial inoculum concentrations did not necessarily promote greater positive growth promotion effects compared to the concentration of 1 × 104 CFU ml−1 for both crops. The results also suggest that the higher number of endophytic bacteria recovered in the plant does not necessarily affect plant growth in the same proportion. For soybean plants, there is a strong tendency that with the increase in the B. subtilis inoculant concentration, the need for mineral fertilization doses to achieve the same plant development is consequently increased, and inoculations with 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 CFU ml−1 with fertilization doses between 44% and 62% are the ideal combinations for greater plant development. In maize plants, the best growth promotion response (height) was obtained using inoculation concentration of 1 × 102 and 1 × 1010 CFU ml−1, increasing according to the increase in fertilization doses. The findings suggest, for soybean crop, that these high inoculum concentrations required more photosynthetic metabolites from the plants and more nutrients from the soil. Thus, the need for mineral fertilization for plant growth must be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barros Bueno
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Roberta Mendes dos Santos
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Buzo
- Department of Plant Science, Food Technology and Socioeconomics, Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Maura Santos Reis de Andrade da Silva
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everlon Cid Rigobelo
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Everlon Cid Rigobelo,
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Du X, Zhou D, Zhou J, Xue J, Cheng Z. Marek's Disease Virus and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Coinfection Enhances Viral Replication and Alters Cellular Protein Profiles. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:854007. [PMID: 35392111 PMCID: PMC8981388 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.854007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfection with Marek's disease virus (MDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) causes synergistic pathogenic effects and serious losses to the poultry industry. However, whether there is a synergism between the two viruses in viral replication and the roles of host factors in regulating MDV and REV coinfection remains elusive. In this study, we found that MDV and REV coinfection increased viral replication in coinfected cells as compared to a single infection in a limited period. Further, we explore the host cell responses to MDV and REV coinfection using tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Compared with MDV/REV-infected cells, 38 proteins increased (fold change > 1.2) and 60 decreased (fold change < 0.83) their abundance in MDV and REV coinfected cells. Differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were involved in important biological processes involved in the immune system process, cell adhesion and migration, cellular processes, and multicellular organismal systems. STRING analysis found that IRF7, MX1, TIMP3, and AKT1 may be associated with MDV and REV synergistic replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). Western blotting analysis showed that the selected DAPs were identical to the quantitative proteomics data. Taken together, we verified that MDV and REV can synergistically replicate in coinfected cells and revealed the host molecules involved in it. However, the synergistic pathogenesis of MDV and REV needs to be further studied.
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Chen Z, Shi SH, Huang Y, Huang CQ, Liu RC, Cheng LF, Fu GH, Chen HM, Wan CH, Fu QL. Differential metabolism-associated gene expression of duck pancreatic cells in response to two strains of duck hepatitis A virus type 1. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3105-3116. [PMID: 34482448 PMCID: PMC8497338 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several outbreaks of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), which were characterized by yellow coloration and hemorrhage in pancreatic tissues, have occurred in China. The causative agent is called pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1. The mechanisms involved in pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 infection are still unclear. Transcriptome analysis of duck pancreas infected with classical-type DHAV-1 and pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 was carried out. Deep sequencing with Illumina-Solexa resulted in a total of 53.9 Gb of clean data from the cDNA library of the pancreas, and a total of 29,597 unigenes with an average length of 993.43 bp were generated by de novo sequence assembly. The expression levels of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase, and phosphoserine phosphatase, which are involved in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways, were significantly downregulated in ducks infected with pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 compared with those infected with classical-type DHAV-1. These findings provide information regarding differences in expression levels of metabolism-associated genes between ducks infected with pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 and those infected with classical-type DHAV-1, indicating that intensive metabolism disorders may contribute to the different phenotypes of DHAV-1-infection.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/genetics
- Amino Acids/metabolism
- Animals
- Ducks/virology
- Gene Expression
- Hepatitis Virus, Duck/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Pancreas/cytology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreas/virology
- Pancreatitis/pathology
- Pancreatitis/virology
- Picornaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Picornaviridae Infections/pathology
- Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary
- Picornaviridae Infections/virology
- Poultry Diseases/genetics
- Poultry Diseases/metabolism
- Poultry Diseases/pathology
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cui-Qin Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Chang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-He Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Insights into the early stages of plant-endophytic bacteria interaction. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:13. [PMID: 33392741 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The plant holobiont is a complex entity composed of the plant and the organisms that live in and on it including its microbiota. The plant microbiota includes, among other microorganisms, bacterial endophytes, which are bacteria that can invade living plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease. The interaction between the endophytic bacterial microbiota and their plant host has profound influences on their fitness and depends on biotic and abiotic factors. For these interactions to be established, the bacteria have to be present at the right time, in the right place either colonizing the soil or the seed. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the sources of the bacterial endophytic microbiome and the processes involved in the assemblage of the resulting community during the initial stages of plant development. The adaptations that allow the spatial approximation of soil- and seed-borne bacteria towards infection and colonization of the internal tissues of plants will be addressed in this review.
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Khodadadi E, Zeinalzadeh E, Taghizadeh S, Mehramouz B, Kamounah FS, Khodadadi E, Ganbarov K, Yousefi B, Bastami M, Kafil HS. Proteomic Applications in Antimicrobial Resistance and Clinical Microbiology Studies. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1785-1806. [PMID: 32606829 PMCID: PMC7305820 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s238446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences of the genomes of all-important bacterial pathogens of man, plants, and animals have been completed. Still, it is not enough to achieve complete information of all the mechanisms controlling the biological processes of an organism. Along with all advances in different proteomics technologies, proteomics has completed our knowledge of biological processes all around the world. Proteomics is a valuable technique to explain the complement of proteins in any organism. One of the fields that has been notably benefited from other systems approaches is bacterial pathogenesis. An emerging field is to use proteomics to examine the infectious agents in terms of, among many, the response the host and pathogen to the infection process, which leads to a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of bacterial virulence. This trend also enables us to identify quantitative measurements for proteins extracted from microorganisms. The present review study is an attempt to summarize a variety of different proteomic techniques and advances. The significant applications in bacterial pathogenesis studies are also covered. Moreover, the areas where proteomics may lead the future studies are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Zeinalzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepehr Taghizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mehramouz
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fadhil S Kamounah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Ehsan Khodadadi
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Sepsis is one of the oldest and most elusive syndromes in medicine that is still incompletely understood. Biomarkers may help to transform sepsis from a physiologic syndrome to a group of distinct biochemical disorders. This will help to differentiate between systemic inflammation of infectious and noninfectious origin and aid therapeutic decision making, hence improve the prognosis for patients, guide antimicrobial therapy, and foster the development of novel adjunctive sepsis therapies. To reach this goal requires increased systematic investigation that includes twenty-first century scientific approaches and technologies and appropriate clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Lachmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, D-10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinhart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, D-10178 Berlin, Germany; Jena University Hospital, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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9
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Xia L, Dai L, Zhu L, Hu W, Yang Q. Proteomic Analysis of IPEC-J2 Cells in Response to Coinfection by Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 11. [PMID: 29090858 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Piglet diarrhea causes large economic losses to the swine industry. Epidemiological investigations show that piglet diarrhea is often caused by mixed infections, but the mechanisms by which multiple microorganisms cause disease are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Because transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) are important contributors to piglet diarrhea, coinfection experiments are conducted using porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) as a model system. In order to evaluate piglet diarrhea caused TGEV and ETEC K88, the authors examin the effects of coinfection in IPEC-J2 cells. In TGEV pre-infected IPEC-J2 cells, ETEC K88 adhesion is enhanced over uninfected cells. ETEC K88 is also found to inhibit the proliferation of TGEV. Additionally, cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in coinfected cells are lower than cells infected by TGEV alone, and higher than cells infected by ETEC K88 alone. LCMS/MS coupled to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) is used to profile expressed proteins in IPEC-J2 cells infected by TGEV alone, ETEC K88 alone, and by both agents together. RESULTS 77, 89, and 136 differentially expressed proteins are identified in TGEV infected, ETEC K88 infected, and coinfected cells, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on these data, the authors suspect that integrin α5 might enable TGEV to promote ETEC K88 adhesion. This study is the first to analyze piglet diarrhea caused by TGEV-ETEC K88 coinfection using high-throughput quantitative proteomics. The results advance the understanding of coinfection and its role in causing piglet diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xia
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
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Kamaladevi A, Marudhupandiyan S, Balamurugan K. Model system based proteomics to understand the host response during bacterial infections. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:2489-2497. [PMID: 29082410 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens pose a major concern to public health and, thus, greater attention must be given to providing insightful knowledge on host-pathogen interactions. There are several theories addressing the dynamics of complex mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. The availability of an ample number of universally accepted model systems, including vertebrates, invertebrates, and mammalian cells, provides in-depth transcriptomics data to evaluate these complex mechanisms during host-pathogen interactions. Recent model system based proteomic studies have addressed the issues related to human diseases by establishing the protein profile of model animals that closely resemble the environment. As a result, model system based proteomics has been widely accepted as a powerful and effective approach to understand the highly complex host-pathogen interfaces at their protein levels. This review offers a snapshot of the contributions of selective model systems on host-bacterial pathogen interactions through proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kamaladevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Hui WW, Hercik K, Belsare S, Alugubelly N, Clapp B, Rinaldi C, Edelmann MJ. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Alters the Extracellular Proteome of Macrophages and Leads to the Production of Proinflammatory Exosomes. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00386-17. [PMID: 29158431 PMCID: PMC5778363 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00386-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterium, which can invade and survive within macrophages. Pathogenic salmonellae induce the secretion of specific cytokines from these phagocytic cells and interfere with the host secretory pathways. In this study, we describe the extracellular proteome of human macrophages infected with S Typhimurium, followed by analysis of canonical pathways of proteins isolated from the extracellular milieu. We demonstrate that some of the proteins secreted by macrophages upon S Typhimurium infection are released via exosomes. Moreover, we show that infected macrophages produce CD63+ and CD9+ subpopulations of exosomes at 2 h postinfection. Exosomes derived from infected macrophages trigger the Toll-like receptor 4-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from naive macrophages and dendritic cells, but they also stimulate secretion of such cytokines as RANTES, IL-1ra, MIP-2, CXCL1, MCP-1, sICAM-1, GM-CSF, and G-CSF. Proinflammatory effects of exosomes are partially attributed to lipopolysaccharide, which is encapsulated within exosomes. In summary, we show for the first time that proinflammatory exosomes are formed in the early phase of macrophage infection with S Typhimurium and that they can be used to transfer cargo to naive cells, thereby leading to their stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kamil Hercik
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sayali Belsare
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Navatha Alugubelly
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos Rinaldi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mariola J Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Horvatić A, Kuleš J, Guillemin N, Galan A, Mrljak V, Bhide M. High-throughput proteomics and the fight against pathogens. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2373-84. [PMID: 27227577 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens pose a major threat to human and animal welfare. Understanding the interspecies host-pathogen protein-protein interactions could lead to the development of novel strategies to combat infectious diseases through the rapid development of new therapeutics. The first step in understanding the host-pathogen crosstalk is to identify interacting proteins in order to define crucial hot-spots in the host-pathogen interactome, such as the proposed pharmaceutical targets by means of high-throughput proteomic methodologies. In order to obtain holistic insight into the inter- and intra-species bimolecular interactions, apart from the proteomic approach, sophisticated in silico modeling is used to correlate the obtained large data sets with other omics data and clinical outcomes. Since the main focus in this area has been directed towards human medicine, it is time to extrapolate the existing expertise to a new emerging field: the 'systems veterinary medicine'. Therefore, this review addresses high-throughput mass spectrometry-based technology for monitoring protein-protein interactions in vitro and in vivo and discusses pathogen cultivation, model host cells and available bioinformatic tools employed in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Horvatić
- ERA Chair VetMedZg Project, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- ERA Chair VetMedZg Project, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- ERA Chair VetMedZg Project, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Asier Galan
- ERA Chair VetMedZg Project, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair VetMedZg Project, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- ERA Chair VetMedZg Project, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. and Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovakia Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Minasyan H. Sepsis and septic shock: Pathogenesis and treatment perspectives. J Crit Care 2017; 40:229-242. [PMID: 28448952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The majority of bacteremias do not develop to sepsis: bacteria are cleared from the bloodstream. Oxygen released from erythrocytes and humoral immunity kill bacteria in the bloodstream. Sepsis develops if bacteria are resistant to oxidation and proliferate in erythrocytes. Bacteria provoke oxygen release from erythrocytes to arterial blood. Abundant release of oxygen to the plasma triggers a cascade of events that cause: 1. oxygen delivery failure to cells; 2. oxidation of plasma components that impairs humoral regulation and inactivates immune complexes; 3. disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organs' failure. Bacterial reservoir inside erythrocytes provides the long-term survival of bacteria and is the cause of ineffectiveness of antibiotics and host immune reactions. Treatment perspectives that include different aspects of sepsis development are discussed.
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Schmölders J, Manske C, Otto A, Hoffmann C, Steiner B, Welin A, Becher D, Hilbi H. Comparative Proteomics of Purified Pathogen Vacuoles Correlates Intracellular Replication of Legionella pneumophila with the Small GTPase Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1). Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:622-641. [PMID: 28183814 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes a severe lung infection termed "Legionnaires' disease." The pathogen replicates in environmental protozoa as well as in macrophages within a unique membrane-bound compartment, the Legionella-containing-vacuole (LCV). LCV formation requires the bacterial Icm/Dot type IV secretion system, which translocates ca. 300 "effector proteins" into host cells, where they target distinct host factors. The L. pneumophila "pentuple" mutant (Δpentuple) lacks 5 gene clusters (31% of the effector proteins) and replicates in macrophages but not in Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba. To elucidate the host factors defining a replication-permissive compartment, we compare here the proteomes of intact LCVs isolated from D. discoideum or macrophages infected with Δpentuple or the parental strain Lp02. This analysis revealed that the majority of host proteins are shared in D. discoideum or macrophage LCVs containing the mutant or the parental strain, respectively, whereas some proteins preferentially localize to distinct LCVs. The small GTPase Rap1 was identified on D. discoideum LCVs containing strain Lp02 but not the Δpentuple mutant and on macrophage LCVs containing either strain. The localization pattern of active Rap1 on D. discoideum or macrophage LCVs was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and imaging flow cytometry, and the depletion of Rap1 by RNA interference significantly reduced the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila Thus, comparative proteomics identified Rap1 as a novel LCV host component implicated in intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schmölders
- From the ‡Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Manske
- From the ‡Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- §Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Hoffmann
- From the ‡Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Steiner
- ¶Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Welin
- ¶Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dörte Becher
- §Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- From the ‡Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; .,¶Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Ahnert P, Creutz P, Scholz M, Schütte H, Engel C, Hossain H, Chakraborty T, Bauer M, Kiehntopf M, Völker U, Hammerschmidt S, Loeffler M, Suttorp N. PROGRESS - prospective observational study on hospitalized community acquired pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:108. [PMID: 27535544 PMCID: PMC4987996 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a high incidence disease resulting in about 260,000 hospital admissions per year in Germany, more than myocardial infarction or stroke. Worldwide, CAP is the most frequent infectious disease with high lethality ranging from 1.2 % in those 20–29 years old to over 10 % in patients older than 70 years, even in industrial nations. CAP poses numerous medical challenges, which the PROGRESS (Pneumonia Research Network on Genetic Resistance and Susceptibility for the Evolution of Severe Sepsis) network aims to tackle: Operationalization of disease severity throughout the course of disease, outcome prediction for hospitalized patients and prediction of transitions from uncomplicated CAP to severe CAP, and finally, to CAP with sepsis and organ failure as a life-threatening condition. It is a major aim of PROGRESS to understand and predict patient heterogeneity regarding outcome in the hospital and to develop novel treatment concepts. Methods PROGRESS was designed as a clinical, observational, multi-center study of patients with CAP requiring hospitalization. More than 1600 patients selected for low burden of co-morbidities have been enrolled, aiming at a total of 3000. Course of disease, along with therapy, was closely monitored by daily assessments and long-term follow-up. Daily blood samples allow in depth molecular-genetic characterization of patients. We established a well-organized workflow for sample logistics and a comprehensive data management system to collect and manage data from more than 50 study centers in Germany and Austria. Samples are stored in a central biobank and clinical data are stored in a central data base which also integrates all data from molecular assessments. Discussion With the PROGRESS study, we established a comprehensive data base of high quality clinical and molecular data allowing investigation of pressing research questions regarding CAP. In-depth molecular characterization will contribute to the discovery of disease mechanisms and establishment of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers. A strength of PROGRESS is the focus on younger patients with low burden of co-morbidities, allowing a more direct look at host biology with less confounding. As a resulting limitation, insights from PROGRESS will require validation in representative patient cohorts to assess clinical utility. Trial registration The PROGRESS study was retrospectively registered on May 24th, 2016 with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02782013
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Petra Creutz
- Department of Infectious Disease and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchowklinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schütte
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Charlottenstr. 72, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamid Hossain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ) and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15a, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15a, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Disease and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchowklinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Kreibich S, Hardt WD. Experimental approaches to phenotypic diversity in infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 27:25-36. [PMID: 26143306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections are burdening human health, even after the advent of antibiotics, vaccines and hygiene. Thus, infection biology has aimed at the molecular understanding of the pathogen-host interaction. This has revealed key virulence factors, host cell signaling pathways and immune responses. However, our understanding of the infection process is still incomplete. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic diversity can have important consequences for the infection process. Diversity arises from the formation of distinct subpopulations of pathogen cells (with distinct virulence factor expression patterns) and host cells (with distinct response capacities). For technical reasons, such phenotypic diversity has often been overlooked. We are highlighting several striking examples and discuss the experimental approaches available for analyzing the different subpopulations. Single cell reporters and approaches from systems biology do hold much promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Kreibich
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Herweg JA, Hansmeier N, Otto A, Geffken AC, Subbarayal P, Prusty BK, Becher D, Hensel M, Schaible UE, Rudel T, Hilbi H. Purification and proteomics of pathogen-modified vacuoles and membranes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:48. [PMID: 26082896 PMCID: PMC4451638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain pathogenic bacteria adopt an intracellular lifestyle and proliferate in eukaryotic host cells. The intracellular niche protects the bacteria from cellular and humoral components of the mammalian immune system, and at the same time, allows the bacteria to gain access to otherwise restricted nutrient sources. Yet, intracellular protection and access to nutrients comes with a price, i.e., the bacteria need to overcome cell-autonomous defense mechanisms, such as the bactericidal endocytic pathway. While a few bacteria rupture the early phagosome and escape into the host cytoplasm, most intracellular pathogens form a distinct, degradation-resistant and replication-permissive membranous compartment. Intracellular bacteria that form unique pathogen vacuoles include Legionella, Mycobacterium, Chlamydia, Simkania, and Salmonella species. In order to understand the formation of these pathogen niches on a global scale and in a comprehensive and quantitative manner, an inventory of compartment-associated host factors is required. To this end, the intact pathogen compartments need to be isolated, purified and biochemically characterized. Here, we review recent progress on the isolation and purification of pathogen-modified vacuoles and membranes, as well as their proteomic characterization by mass spectrometry and different validation approaches. These studies provide the basis for further investigations on the specific mechanisms of pathogen-driven compartment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ana Herweg
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hansmeier
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna C Geffken
- Priority Area Infections, Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel, Germany
| | - Prema Subbarayal
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bhupesh K Prusty
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Priority Area Infections, Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Department of Medicine, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany ; Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Durmuş S, Çakır T, Özgür A, Guthke R. A review on computational systems biology of pathogen-host interactions. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:235. [PMID: 25914674 PMCID: PMC4391036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens manipulate the cellular mechanisms of host organisms via pathogen-host interactions (PHIs) in order to take advantage of the capabilities of host cells, leading to infections. The crucial role of these interspecies molecular interactions in initiating and sustaining infections necessitates a thorough understanding of the corresponding mechanisms. Unlike the traditional approach of considering the host or pathogen separately, a systems-level approach, considering the PHI system as a whole is indispensable to elucidate the mechanisms of infection. Following the technological advances in the post-genomic era, PHI data have been produced in large-scale within the last decade. Systems biology-based methods for the inference and analysis of PHI regulatory, metabolic, and protein-protein networks to shed light on infection mechanisms are gaining increasing demand thanks to the availability of omics data. The knowledge derived from the PHIs may largely contribute to the identification of new and more efficient therapeutics to prevent or cure infections. There are recent efforts for the detailed documentation of these experimentally verified PHI data through Web-based databases. Despite these advances in data archiving, there are still large amounts of PHI data in the biomedical literature yet to be discovered, and novel text mining methods are in development to unearth such hidden data. Here, we review a collection of recent studies on computational systems biology of PHIs with a special focus on the methods for the inference and analysis of PHI networks, covering also the Web-based databases and text-mining efforts to unravel the data hidden in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Durmuş
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, KocaeliTurkey
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, KocaeliTurkey
| | - Arzucan Özgür
- Department of Computer Engineering, Boǧaziçi University, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knoell-Institute, JenaGermany
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19
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Mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to study pathogenic bacteria-host interactions. Protein Cell 2015; 6:265-74. [PMID: 25722051 PMCID: PMC4383758 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions is important for control and treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Within the last decade, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become a powerful and effective approach to better understand complex and dynamic host-pathogen interactions at the protein level. Herein we will review the recent progress in proteomic analyses towards bacterial infection of their mammalian host with a particular focus on enteric pathogens. Large-scale studies of dynamic proteomic alterations during infection will be discussed from the perspective of both pathogenic bacteria and host cells.
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20
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Morris JH, Knudsen GM, Verschueren E, Johnson JR, Cimermancic P, Greninger AL, Pico AR. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry and network analysis to understand protein-protein interactions. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:2539-54. [PMID: 25275790 PMCID: PMC4332878 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By determining protein-protein interactions in normal, diseased and infected cells, we can improve our understanding of cellular systems and their reaction to various perturbations. In this protocol, we discuss how to use data obtained in affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) experiments to generate meaningful interaction networks and effective figures. We begin with an overview of common epitope tagging, expression and AP practices, followed by liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) data collection. We then provide a detailed procedure covering a pipeline approach to (i) pre-processing the data by filtering against contaminant lists such as the Contaminant Repository for Affinity Purification (CRAPome) and normalization using the spectral index (SIN) or normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF); (ii) scoring via methods such as MiST, SAInt and CompPASS; and (iii) testing the resulting scores. Data formats familiar to MS practitioners are then transformed to those most useful for network-based analyses. The protocol also explores methods available in Cytoscape to visualize and analyze these types of interaction data. The scoring pipeline can take anywhere from 1 d to 1 week, depending on one's familiarity with the tools and data peculiarities. Similarly, the network analysis and visualization protocol in Cytoscape takes 2-4 h to complete with the provided sample data, but we recommend taking days or even weeks to explore one's data and find the right questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giselle M Knudsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erik Verschueren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Cimermancic
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Graduate Group in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander R Pico
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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He X, He X, Liu H, Li M, Cai S, Fu Z, Lu X. Proteomic analysis of BmN cells (Bombyx mori) in response to infection with Nosema bombycis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:982-90. [PMID: 25267721 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis, Nb) is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can cause pebrine disease in the silkworm. To investigate the effects of N. bombycis infection on the host cells, proteomes from BmN cells that had or had not been infected with N. bombycis at different infection stages were characterized with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, which identified 24 differentially expressed host proteins with significant intensity differences (P < 0.05) at least at one time point in mock- and N. bombycis infected cells. Notably, gene ontology analyses showed that these proteins are involved in many important biological reactions. During the infection phase, proteins involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress had up-regulated expression. Two proteins participated in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process had down-regulated expression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of these identified proteins. Taken together, the abundance changes, putative functions, and participation in biological reactions for the identified proteins produce a host-responsive protein model in N. bombycis-infected BmN cells. These findings further our knowledge about the effect of energy defect parasites on the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangkang He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shunfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangwuke Fu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Otto A, Becher D, Schmidt F. Quantitative proteomics in the field of microbiology. Proteomics 2014; 14:547-65. [PMID: 24376008 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative proteomics has become an indispensable analytical tool for microbial research. Modern microbial proteomics covers a wide range of topics in basic and applied research from in vitro characterization of single organisms to unravel the physiological implications of stress/starvation to description of the proteome content of a cell at a given time. With the techniques available, ranging from classical gel-based procedures to modern MS-based quantitative techniques, including metabolic and chemical labeling, as well as label-free techniques, quantitative proteomics is today highly successful in sophisticated settings of high complexity such as host-pathogen interactions, mixed microbial communities, and microbial metaproteomics. In this review, we will focus on the vast range of techniques practically applied in current research with an introduction of the workflows used for quantitative comparisons, a description of the advantages/disadvantages of the various methods, reference to hallmark publications and presentation of applications in current microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Otto
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Germany
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23
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Biomarcadores en la sepsis. ¿Simplificando lo complejo? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:137-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Seibel J, König S, Göhler A, Doose S, Memmel E, Bertleff N, Sauer M. Investigating infection processes with a workflow from organic chemistry to biophysics: the combination of metabolic glycoengineering, super-resolution fluorescence imaging and proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:25-31. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Hartmann EM, Allain F, Gaillard JC, Pible O, Armengaud J. Taking the shortcut for high-throughput shotgun proteomic analysis of bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1197:275-85. [PMID: 25172287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1261-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, proteomic tools are able to establish a complete list of the most abundant proteins present in a sample, providing the opportunity to study at high resolution the physiology of any bacteria for which the genome sequence is available. For a comprehensive list, proteins should be first resolved into fractions that are then proteolyzed by trypsin. The resulting peptide mixtures are analyzed by a high-throughput tandem mass spectrometer that records thousands of MS/MS spectra for each fraction. These spectra are then assigned to peptides, which are used as evidence of the existence of proteins. In addition to generating a list of protein identifications, this shortcut to proteomics uses the number of spectra recorded for each protein to quantify the observations. Here, we describe one of the most simple sample preparation methods for high-throughput proteomics of bacteria, as well as the subsequent data processing to extract quantitative information based on the spectral count approach.
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26
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Fabrik I, Link M, Härtlova A, Dankova V, Rehulka P, Stulik J. Application of SILAC labeling to primary bone marrow-derived dendritic cells reveals extensive GM-CSF-dependent arginine metabolism. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:752-62. [PMID: 24308431 DOI: 10.1021/pr4007798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although dendritic cells (DCs) control the priming of the adaptive immunity response, a comprehensive description of their behavior at the protein level is missing. The introduction of the quantitative proteomic technique of metabolic labeling (SILAC) into the field of DC research would therefore be highly beneficial. To achieve this, we applied SILAC labeling to primary bone marow-derived DCs (BMDCs). These cells combine both biological relevance and experimental feasibility, as their in vitro generation permits the use of (13)C/(15)N-labeled amino acids. Interestingly, BMDCs appear to exhibit a very active arginine metabolism. Using standard cultivation conditions, ∼20% of all protein-incorporated proline was a byproduct of heavy arginine degradation. In addition, the dissipation of (15)N from labeled arginine to the whole proteome was observed. The latter decreased the mass accuracy in MS and affected the natural isotopic distribution of peptides. SILAC-connected metabolic issues were shown to be enhanced by GM-CSF, which is used for the differentiation of DC progenitors. Modifications of the cultivation procedure suppressed the arginine-related effects, yielding cells with a proteome labeling efficiency of ≥90%. Importantly, BMDCs generated according to the new cultivation protocol preserved their resemblance to inflammatory DCs in vivo, as evidenced by their response to LPS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Fabrik
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Protein arrays as tool for studies at the host-pathogen interface. J Proteomics 2013; 94:387-400. [PMID: 24140974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and parasites encode a wide spectrum of multifunctional proteins interacting to and modifying proteins in host cells. However, the current lack of a reliable method to unveil the protein-protein interactions (PPI) at the host-pathogen interface is retarding our understanding of many important pathogenic processes. Thus, the identification of proteins involved in host-pathogen interactions is important for the elucidation of virulence determinants, mechanisms of infection, host susceptibility and/or disease resistance. In this sense, proteomic technologies have experienced major improvements in recent years and protein arrays are a powerful and modern method for studying PPI in a high-throughput format. This review focuses on these techniques analyzing the state-of-the-art of proteomic technologies and their possibilities to diagnose and explore host-pathogen interactions. Major technical advancements, applications and protocol concerns are presented, so readers can appreciate the immense progress achieved and the current technical options available for studying the host-pathogen interface. Finally, future uses of this kind of array-based proteomic tools in the fight against infectious and parasitic diseases are discussed.
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Abstract
Sepsis is among the most common causes of death in hospitals. It arises from the host response to infection. Currently, diagnosis relies on nonspecific physiological criteria and culture-based pathogen detection. This results in diagnostic uncertainty, therapeutic delays, the mis- and overuse of antibiotics, and the failure to identify patients who might benefit from immunomodulatory therapies. There is a need for new sepsis biomarkers that can aid in therapeutic decision making and add information about screening, diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of the response to therapy. The host response involves hundreds of mediators and single molecules, many of which have been proposed as biomarkers. It is, however, unlikely that one single biomarker is able to satisfy all the needs and expectations for sepsis research and management. Among biomarkers that are measurable by assays approved for clinical use, procalcitonin (PCT) has shown some usefulness as an infection marker and for antibiotic stewardship. Other possible new approaches consist of molecular strategies to improve pathogen detection and molecular diagnostics and prognostics based on transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolic profiling. Novel approaches to sepsis promise to transform sepsis from a physiologic syndrome into a group of distinct biochemical disorders and help in the development of better diagnostic tools and effective adjunctive sepsis therapies.
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Proteomic analysis of porcine mesenteric lymph-nodes after Salmonella typhimurium infection. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4457-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Klitgaard K, Friis C, Jensen TK, Angen Ø, Boye M. Transcriptional portrait of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during acute disease--potential strategies for survival and persistence in the host. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35549. [PMID: 22530048 PMCID: PMC3328466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiles of bacteria in their natural hosts can provide novel insight into the host-pathogen interactions and molecular determinants of bacterial infections. In the present study, the transcriptional profile of the porcine lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was monitored during the acute phase of infection in its natural host. Methodology/Principal Findings Bacterial expression profiles of A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from lung lesions of 25 infected pigs were compared in samples taken 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post experimental challenge. Within 6 hours, focal, fibrino hemorrhagic lesions could be observed in the pig lungs, indicating that A. pleuropneumoniae had managed to establish itself successfully in the host. We identified 237 differentially regulated genes likely to encode functions required by the bacteria for colonization and survival in the host. This group was dominated by genes involved in various aspects of energy metabolism, especially anaerobic respiration and carbohydrate metabolism. Remodeling of the bacterial envelope and modifications of posttranslational processing of proteins also appeared to be of importance during early infection. The results suggested that A. pleuropneumoniae is using various strategies to increase its fitness, such as applying Na+ pumps as an alternative way of gaining energy. Furthermore, the transcriptional data provided potential clues as to how A. pleuropneumoniae is able to circumvent host immune factors and survive within the hostile environment of host macrophages. This persistence within macrophages may be related to urease activity, mobilization of various stress responses and active evasion of the host defenses by cell surface sialylation. Conclusions/Significance The data presented here highlight the importance of metabolic adjustments to host conditions as virulence factors of infecting microorganisms and help to provide insight into the mechanisms behind the efficient colonization and persistence of A. pleuropneumoniae during acute disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Klitgaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we describe the 'state-of-the-art' in our knowledge of asthma and what gaps exist, which can be exploited in the future for effective translation of our knowledge from the bench or population studies to diagnosis and therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The advent of microbiome research has expanded the potential role of microbes in asthma. There has been a significant increase in our understanding of the pathologic, genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma. Nonetheless, the contribution of microbes to the genesis, exacerbation and treatment of asthma are poorly understood. SUMMARY Asthma is a complex chronic disease of the lung whose incidence is growing at all ages despite the progress that has been made in the areas of diagnosis and treatment of asthma. The complexity is partly due to the environmental insults such as allergens and microbial infections that play differential roles in the pathogenesis of childhood vis-à-vis elderly asthma. Microbes may play important roles in the exacerbation of asthma and hence in the comorbidities due to asthma, and also in the causation of asthma.
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