1
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van den Bersselaar BWL, Cattenstart EHW, Elangovan KE, Yen-Chi C, de Waal BFM, van der Tol J, Diao Y, Meijer EW, Vantomme G. Trade-off between processability and device performance in donor-acceptor semiconductors revealed using discrete siloxane side chains. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2024; 12:6637-6644. [PMID: 38737516 PMCID: PMC11079859 DOI: 10.1039/d4tc00875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor polymeric semiconductors are crucial for state-of-the-art applications, such as electronic skin mimics. The processability, and thus solubility, of these polymers in benign solvents is critical and can be improved through side chain engineering. Nevertheless, the impact of novel side chains on backbone orientation and emerging device properties often remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate the influence of elongated linear and branched discrete oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) side chains on solubility and device performance. Thereto, diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene polymers are equipped with various oDMS pendants (PDPPTT-Sin) and subsequently phase separated into lamellar domains. The introduction of a branching point in the siloxane significantly enhanced the solubility of the polymer, as a result of increased backbone distortion. Simultaneously, the charge carrier mobility of the polymers decreased by an order of magnitude upon functionalization with long and/or branched siloxanes. This work unveils the intricate balance between processability and device performance in organic semiconductors, which is key for the development of next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart W L van den Bersselaar
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H W Cattenstart
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Kavinraaj Ella Elangovan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Chen Yen-Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Joost van der Tol
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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2
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De Franceschi I, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Telechelic sequence-defined oligoamides: their step-economical synthesis, depolymerization and use in polymer networks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2805-2816. [PMID: 38404375 PMCID: PMC10882489 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of sequence-defined macromolecules in material science remains largely unexplored due to their challenging, low yielding and time-consuming synthesis. This work first describes a step-economical method for synthesizing unnatural sequence-defined oligoamides through fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chemistry. The use of a monodisperse soluble support enables homogeneous reactions at elevated temperature (up to 65 °C), leading to rapid coupling times (<10 min) and improved synthesis protocols. Moreover, a one-pot procedure for the two involved iterative steps is demonstrated via an intermediate quenching step, eliminating the need for in-between purification. The protocol is optimized using γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as initial amino acid, and the unique ability of the resulting oligomers to depolymerize, with the formation of cyclic γ-butyrolactame, is evidenced. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the versatility of the present protocol, a library of 17 unnatural amino acid monomers is synthesized, starting from the readily available GABA-derivative 4-amino-2-hydroxybutanoic acid, and then used to create multifunctional tetramers. Notably, the obtained tetramers show higher thermal stability than a similar thiolactone-based sequence-defined macromolecule, which enables its exploration within a material context. To that end, a bidirectional growth approach is proposed as a greener alternative that reduces the number of synthetic steps to obtain telechelic sequence-defined oligoamides. The latter are finally used as macromers for the preparation of polymer networks. We expect this strategy to pave the way for the further exploration of sequence-defined macromolecules in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene De Franceschi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
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3
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Ide Y, Manabe Y, Inaba Y, Kinoshita Y, Pirillo J, Hijikata Y, Yoneda T, Shivakumar KI, Tanaka S, Asakawa H, Inokuma Y. Determination of the critical chain length for macromolecular crystallization using structurally flexible polyketones. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9848-9854. [PMID: 36199636 PMCID: PMC9434099 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical chain length that divides small molecule crystallization from macromolecular crystallization is an important index in macro-organic chemistry to predict chain-length dependent properties of oligomers and polymers. However, extensive research on crystallization behavior of individual oligomers has been inhibited by difficulties in their synthesis and crystallization. Here, we report on the determination of critical chain length of macromolecular crystallization for structurally flexible polyketones consisting of 3,3-dimethylpentane-2,4-dione. Discrete polyketone oligomers were synthesized via stepwise elongation up to 20-mer. Powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the critical chain length for polyketones existed at an unexpectedly short chain length, 5-mer. While shorter oligomers adopted unique conformations and packing structures in the solid state, higher oligomers longer than 4-mer produced helical conformations and similar crystal packing. The critical chain length helped with understanding the inexplicable changes in melting point in the shorter chain length region resulting from chain conformations and packing styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ide
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yumehiro Manabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Jenny Pirillo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kilingaru I Shivakumar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Saki Tanaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yasuhide Inokuma
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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4
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Nishimura T, Katsuhara S, Lee C, Ree BJ, Borsali R, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Satoh T, Isono T. Fabrication of Ultrafine, Highly Ordered Nanostructures Using Carbohydrate-Inorganic Hybrid Block Copolymers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1653. [PMID: 35630875 PMCID: PMC9144075 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to form microphase-separated structures suitable for nanofabrication. For these applications, it is critical to achieve both sufficient etch selectivity and a small domain size. To meet both requirements concurrently, we propose the use of oligosaccharide and oligodimethylsiloxane as hydrophilic and etch-resistant hydrophobic inorganic blocks, respectively, to build up a novel BCP system, i.e., carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCP. The carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCPs were synthesized via a click reaction between oligodimethylsiloxane with an azido group at each chain end and propargyl-functionalized maltooligosaccharide (consisting of one, two, and three glucose units). In the bulk state, small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that these BCPs microphase separated into gyroid, asymmetric lamellar, and symmetric lamellar structures with domain-spacing ranging from 5.0 to 5.9 nm depending on the volume fraction. Additionally, we investigated microphase-separated structures in the thin film state and discovered that the BCP with the most asymmetric composition formed an ultrafine and highly oriented gyroid structure as well as in the bulk state. After reactive ion etching, the gyroid thin film was transformed into a nanoporous-structured gyroid SiO2 material, demonstrating the material's promising potential as nanotemplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nishimura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.N.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Satoshi Katsuhara
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.N.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaehun Lee
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (T.N.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Brian J. Ree
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (B.J.R.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Redouane Borsali
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (B.J.R.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (B.J.R.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (B.J.R.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (B.J.R.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
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5
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Xue Y, Jiang S, Zhong H, Chen Z, Wang F. Photo‐Induced Polymer Cyclization via Supramolecular Confinement of Cyanostilbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Sixun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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6
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Lamers BAG, van Son MHC, de Graaf FV, van den Bersselaar BWL, de Waal BFM, Komatsu K, Sato H, Aida T, Berrocal JA, Palmans ARA, Vantomme G, Meskers SCJ, Meijer EW. Tuning the donor-acceptor interactions in phase-segregated block molecules. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:294-302. [PMID: 34611679 PMCID: PMC8725796 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of donor-acceptor molecules via charge transfer (CT) interactions gives rise to highly ordered nanomaterials with appealing electronic properties. Here, we present the synthesis and bulk co-assembly of pyrene (Pyr) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) functionalized oligodimethylsiloxanes (oDMS) of discrete length. We tune the donor-acceptor interactions by connecting the pyrene and NDI to the same oligomer, forming a heterotelechelic block molecule (NDI-oDMSPyr), and to two separate oligomers, giving Pyr and NDI homotelechelic block molecules (Pyr-oDMS and NDI-oDMS). Liquid crystalline materials are obtained for binary mixtures of Pyr-oDMS and NDI-oDMS, while crystallization of the CT dimers occurred for the heterotelechelic NDI-oDMS-Pyr block molecule. The synergy between crystallization and phase-segregation coupled with the discrete length of the oDMS units allows for perfect order and sharp interfaces between the insulating siloxane and CT layers composed of crystalline CT dimers. We were able to tune the lamellar domain spacing and donor-acceptor CT interactions by applying pressures up to 6 GPa on the material, making the system promising for soft-material nanotechnologies. These results demonstrate the importance of the molecular design to tune the CT interactions and stability of a CT material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte A G Lamers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin H C van Son
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Freek V de Graaf
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart W L van den Bersselaar
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemistry Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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7
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Xue Y, Jiang S, Zhong H, Chen Z, Wang F. Photo-Induced Polymer Cyclization via Supramolecular Confinement of Cyanostilbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110766. [PMID: 34714571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of cyclic polymers has received much attention in polymer chemistry field. Although photochemical cycloaddition of terminal π-bonded units provides a plausible way toward cyclic polymerization, it remains challenging to avoid side reactions by manipulating the reaction selectivity. Herein supramolecular confinement has been developed as a promising strategy to address this issue, by introducing highly directional hydrogen bonds to the photo-reactive cyanostilbenes. The cyanostilbenes units on both ends of a telechelic macromonomer are orientationally aligned with high local concentrations, yielding [2+2] photo-cycloaddition products upon 430 nm light irradiation. It leads to the formation of cyclic polymers in the self-assembled state, in stark contrast to Z-E isomerization of cyanostilbenes in the monomeric state. Overall, supramolecular confinement effect exemplified in the current study provides new avenues toward cyclic topological polymers with high synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Lamers B, Herdlitschka A, Schnitzer T, Mabesoone MF, Schoenmakers SM, de Waal BF, Palmans AR, Wennemers H, Meijer E. Oligodimethylsiloxane-Oligoproline Block Co-Oligomers: the Interplay between Aggregation and Phase Segregation in Bulk and Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4032-4042. [PMID: 33660998 PMCID: PMC8041288 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Discrete block co-oligomers (BCOs) assemble into highly ordered nanostructures, which adopt a variety of morphologies depending on their environment. Here, we present a series of discrete oligodimethylsiloxane-oligoproline (oDMS-oPro) BCOs with varying oligomer lengths and proline end-groups, and study the nanostructures formed in both bulk and solution. The conjugation of oligoprolines to apolar siloxanes permits a study of the aggregation behavior of oligoproline moieties in a variety of solvents, including a highly apolar solvent like methylcyclohexane. The apolar solvent is more reminiscent of the polarity of the siloxane bulk, which gives insights into the supramolecular interactions that govern both bulk and solution assembly processes of the oligoproline. This extensive structural characterization allows the bridging of the gap between solution and bulk assembly. The interplay between the aggregation of the oligoproline block and the phase segregation induced by the siloxane drives the assembly. This gives rise to disordered, micellar microstructures in apolar solution and crystallization-driven lamellar nanostructures in the bulk. While most di- and triblock co-oligomers adopt predictable morphological features, one of them, oDMS15-oPro6-NH2, exhibits pathway complexity leading to gel formation. The pathway selection in the complex interplay between aggregation and phase segregation gives rise to interesting material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte
A.G. Lamers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herdlitschka
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs F.J. Mabesoone
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M.C. Schoenmakers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas F.M. de Waal
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R.A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E.W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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