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Toussaint F, Lepeltier E, Franconi F, Pautu V, Jérôme C, Passirani C, Debuigne A. Diversely substituted poly(N-vinyl amide) derivatives towards non-toxic, stealth and pH-responsive lipid nanocapsules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113788. [PMID: 38335770 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Surface modification of lipid nanocapsules (LNC) is necessary to impart stealth properties to these drug carriers and enhance their accumulation into the tumor microenvironment. While pegylation is commonly used to prolong the circulation time of LNC, the increased presence of anti-PEG antibodies in the human population and the internalization issues associated to the PEG shell are strong incentives to search alternatives. This work describes the development of amphiphilic poly(N-vinyl amide)-based (co)polymers, including pH-responsive ones, and their use as LNC modifiers towards improved drug delivery systems. RAFT polymerization gave access to a series of LNC modifiers composed of poly(N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) or pH-responsive vinylimidazole-based sequence bearing a variety of lipophilic end-groups, namely octadecyl, dioctadecyl or phospholipid groups, for anchoring to the LNC. Decoration of the LNC with these families of poly(N-vinyl amide) derivatives was achieved via both post-insertion and per-formulation methods. This offered valuable and non-toxic LNC protection from opsonization by complement activation, emphasized the benefit of dioctadecyl in the per-formulation approach and highlighted the great potential of poly(N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide) as PEG alternative. Moreover, incorporation of imidazole moieties in the shell of the carrier imparted pH-responsiveness to the LNC likely to increase the cellular uptake in the acidic tumor microenvironment, opening up new possibilities in the field of active targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Toussaint
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials Research Unit (CESAM), University of Liège (ULiege), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Florence Franconi
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Pautu
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials Research Unit (CESAM), University of Liège (ULiege), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France.
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials Research Unit (CESAM), University of Liège (ULiege), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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2
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Stepanova M, Nikiforov A, Tennikova T, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Polypeptide-Based Systems: From Synthesis to Application in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2641. [PMID: 38004619 PMCID: PMC10674432 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polypeptides are biocompatible and biodegradable macromolecules whose composition and architecture can vary over a wide range. Their unique ability to form secondary structures, as well as different pathways of modification and biofunctionalization due to the diversity of amino acids, provide variation in the physicochemical and biological properties of polypeptide-containing materials. In this review article, we summarize the advances in the synthesis of polypeptides and their copolymers and the application of these systems for drug delivery in the form of (nano)particles or hydrogels. The issues, such as the diversity of polypeptide-containing (nano)particle types, the methods for their preparation and drug loading, as well as the influence of physicochemical characteristics on stability, degradability, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and immunogenicity of polypeptide-containing nanoparticles and their drug formulations, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, recent advances in the development of certain drug nanoformulations for peptides, proteins, gene delivery, cancer therapy, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory systems are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Stepanova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Alexey Nikiforov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (A.N.)
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3
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Burkey AA, Ghousifam N, Hillsley AV, Brotherton ZW, Rezaeeyazdi M, Hatridge TA, Harris DT, Sprague WW, Sandoval BE, Rosales AM, Rylander MN, Lynd NA. Synthesis of Poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-Derived Polyampholytes and Their Application to the Cryopreservation of Living Cells. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1475-1482. [PMID: 36780271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Through the postpolymerization modification of poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE), a functionalizable polyether with a poly(ethylene oxide) backbone, we engineered a new class of highly tunable polyampholyte materials. These polyampholytes can be synthesized to have several useful properties, including low cytotoxicity and pH-responsive coacervate formation. In this study, we used PAGE-based polyampholytes (PAGE-PAs) for the cryopreservation of mammalian cell suspensions. Typically, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the cryoprotectant used for preserving mammalian cells, but DMSO suffers from key drawbacks including toxicity and difficult post-thaw removal that motivates the development of new materials and methods. Toxicity and post-thaw survival were dependent on PAGE-PA composition with the highest immediate post-thaw survival for normal human dermal fibroblasts occurring for the least toxic PAGE-PA at a cation/anion ratio of 35:65. With low toxicity, the PAGE-PA concentration could be increased in order to increase immediate post-thaw survival of the immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3). While immediate post-thaw viability was achieved using only the PAGE-PAs, long-term cell survival was low, highlighting the challenges involved with the design of cryoprotective polyampholytes. An environment utilizing both PAGE-PAs and DMSO in a cryoprotective solution offered promising post-thaw viabilities exceeding 70%, with long-term metabolic activities comparable to unfrozen cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Burkey
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Neda Ghousifam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alexander V Hillsley
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary W Brotherton
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mahboobeh Rezaeeyazdi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Taylor A Hatridge
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dale T Harris
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William W Sprague
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brittany E Sandoval
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Adrianne M Rosales
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Casier R, Duhamel J. Synergetic Effects of Alanine and Glycine in Blob-Based Methods for Predicting Protein Folding Times. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1325-1337. [PMID: 36749707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The polypeptide PGlyAlaGlu was prepared with 20 mol % glycine (Gly), 36 mol % d,l-alanine (Ala), and 44 mol % d,l-glutamic acid (Glu) and labeled with the dye 1-pyrenemethylamine to yield a series of Py-PGlyAlaGlu samples. The fluorescence decays of the Py-PGlyAlaGlu samples were analyzed according to the fluorescence blob model (FBM) to obtain the number Nblobexp of amino acids (aa's) encompassed inside the subvolume Vblob of the polypeptide probed by an excited pyrene. An Nblobexp value of 29 (±2) was retrieved for Py-PGlyAlaGlu, which was much larger than for any of the copolypeptide PGlyGlu or PAlaGlu prepared with either Gly and Glu or Ala and Glu, respectively. The continuous increase in Nblobexp with decreasing side chain size (SCS) from 10 aa's for PGlu to 16 aa's for PAlaGlu and 22 aa's for PGlyGlu was used earlier to define the reach of an aa and determine the groups of aa's that could interact with each other along a polypeptide backbone according to their SCS. These groups of aa's, referred to as blobs, led to the implementation of blob-based models (BBM) to predict the folding time τFtheo,BBM of 145 proteins, which was found to match their experimental folding time τFexp with a relatively high 0.71 correlation coefficient. Nevertheless, the much higher Nblobexp value found for Py-PGlyAlaGlu compared to all other pyrene-labeled polypeptides studied to date indicates that the reach of aa's along a polypeptide sequence is affected not only by SCS but also by synergetic effects between different aa's. Following this new insight, a revised BBM was implemented to predict τFtheo,BBM for 195 proteins assuming the existence or absence of synergies to control the interactions between aa's along a polypeptide sequence. Similarly good correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.74 were obtained for a direct 1:1 comparison of τFexp and τFtheo,BBM for the 195 proteins without and with synergies, respectively. This result suggests that synergetic effects between different aa's have little effect on τFtheo,BBM predicted from BBM underlying the robustness of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Casier
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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5
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HIRANO T, MOMOSE H, KAMIIKE R, UTE K. Determination of Chemical Composition and Monomer Sequence Distributions of Methacrylate Copolymers by Multivariate Analysis of NMR Spectra. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hikaru MOMOSE
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University
| | | | - Koichi UTE
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University
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6
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Determination of monomer reactivity ratios from a single sample using multivariate analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(benzyl methacrylate)]. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Random Copolymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides of α-Amino Acids. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213674. [PMID: 34771231 PMCID: PMC8586994 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polypeptides prepared from N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) of α-amino acids are useful for elucidating the relationship between the primary structure of natural peptides and their immunogenicity. In this study, complex copolypeptide sequences were prepared using a recently developed technique; specifically, the random copolymerization of l-alanine NCA with NCAs of l-glutamic acid 5-benzylester (Bn-Glu NCA), S-benzyl-cysteine (Bn-Cys NCA), O-benzyl-l-serine (Bn-Ser NCA), and l-phenylalanine (Phe NCA) was performed using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts. The NHC-initiated Ala NCA/Bn-Glu NCA and Ala NCA/Bn-Cys NCA copolymerization reactions achieved 90% conversion within 30 min. The reactivity ratio values estimated using the Kelen and Tüdos method show that poly(Bn-Glu-co-Ala) and poly(Bn-Cys-co-Ala) have random repeating units with rich alternating sequences, whereas poly(Bn-Ser-co-Ala) and poly(Phe-co-Ala) contain a larger proportion of Ala-repeating units than Bn-Ser and Phe in random placement.
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8
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Casier R, Duhamel J. The Effect of Amino Acid Size on the Internal Dynamics and Conformational Freedom of Polypeptides. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Casier
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
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9
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Wang Z, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Reversible deactivation radical (co)polymerization of dimethyl methylene oxazolidinone towards responsive vicinal aminoalcohol-containing copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined oxazolidinone-containing copolymers produced by controlled radical polymerization give access to multi-responsive vicinal amino-alcohol functional poly(vinyl alcohol)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
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10
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Wang Z, Poli R, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Organometallic-Mediated Radical (Co)polymerization of γ-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone: Access to pH-Responsive Poly(vinyl alcohol) Derivatives. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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11
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Stiernet P, Jérôme C, Debuigne A. Precision design of vinyl amine and vinyl alcohol-based copolymers via cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the amount and the distribution of vinyl amine and vinyl alcohol units within a copolymer is attractive to modulate the properties of the parent major industrial homopolymers, i.e. poly(vinyl amine) and poly(vinyl alcohol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Stiernet
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM-Research Unit
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM-Research Unit
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM-Research Unit
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
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12
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Mbizana S, Hlalele L, Pfukwa R, Du Toit A, Lumkwana D, Loos B, Klumperman B. Synthesis and Cell Interaction of Statistical l-Arginine-Glycine-l-Aspartic Acid Terpolypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3058-3066. [PMID: 29715425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Copolymerizations and terpolymerizations of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) of glycine (Gly), Nδ-carbobenzyloxy-l-ornithine (Z-Orn), and β-benzyl-l-aspartate (Bz-Asp) were investigated. In situ 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor individual comonomer consumptions during binary and ternary copolymerizations. The six relevant reactivity ratios were determined from copolymerizations of the NCAs of amino acids via nonlinear least-squares curve fitting. The reactivity ratios were subsequently used to maximize the occurrence of the Asp-Gly-Orn ( DGR') sequence in the terpolymers. Terpolymers with variable probability of occurrence of DGR' were prepared in the lab. Subsequently, the ornithine residues on the terpolymers were converted to l-arginine (R) residues via guanidination reaction after removal of the protecting groups. The resulting DGR terpolymers translate to traditional peptides and proteins with variable RGD content, due to the convention in nomenclature that peptides are depicted from N- to C-terminus, whereas the NCA ring-opening polymerization is conducted from C- to N-terminus. The l-arginine containing terpolymers were evaluated for cell interaction, where it was found that neuronal cells display enhanced adhesion and process formation when plated in the presence of statistical DGR terpolymers.
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13
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Scholten PBV, Demarteau J, Gennen S, De Winter J, Grignard B, Debuigne A, Meier MAR, Detrembleur C. Merging CO2-Based Building Blocks with Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization for the Synthesis of Functional Poly(vinyl alcohol)s. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B. V. Scholten
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jérémy Demarteau
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sandro Gennen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOS), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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14
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González-Henríquez CM, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Strategies to Fabricate Polypeptide-Based Structures via Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E551. [PMID: 30965855 PMCID: PMC6418556 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide a general and clear overview about the different alternatives reported to fabricate a myriad of polypeptide architectures based on the ring-opening polymerization of N-carbonyanhydrides (ROP NCAs). First of all, the strategies for the preparation of NCA monomers directly from natural occurring or from modified amino acids are analyzed. The synthetic alternatives to prepare non-functionalized and functionalized NCAs are presented. Protection/deprotection protocols, as well as other functionalization chemistries are discussed in this section. Later on, the mechanisms involved in the ROP NCA polymerization, as well as the strategies developed to reduce the eventually occurring side reactions are presented. Finally, a general overview of the synthetic strategies described in the literature to fabricate different polypeptide architectures is provided. This part of the review is organized depending on the complexity of the macromolecular topology prepared. Therefore, linear homopolypeptides, random and block copolypeptides are described first. The next sections include cyclic and branched polymers such as star polypeptides, polymer brushes and highly branched structures including arborescent or dendrigraft structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, P.O. Box 9845, Correo 21, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
| | - Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotecnia, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Correo 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Química y Propiedades de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Fan J, Li R, Wang H, He X, Nguyen TP, Letteri RA, Zou J, Wooley KL. Multi-responsive polypeptide hydrogels derived from N-carboxyanhydride terpolymerizations for delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5145-5154. [PMID: 28574067 PMCID: PMC5551480 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00931c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A polypeptide-based hydrogel system, when prepared from a diblock polymer with a ternary copolypeptide as one block, exhibited thermo-, mechano- and enzyme-responsive properties, which enabled the encapsulation of naproxen (Npx) during the sol-gel transition and its release in the gel state. Statistical terpolymerizations of l-alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and l-isoleucine (Ile) NCAs at a 1 : 1 : 1 feed ratio initiated by monomethoxy monoamino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) afforded a series of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-alanine-co-glycine-co-l-isoleucine) (mPEG-b-P(A-G-I)) block polymers. β-Sheets were the dominant secondary structures within the polypeptide segments, which facilitated a heat-induced sol-to-gel transition, resulting from the supramolecular assembly of β-sheets into nanofibrils. Deconstruction of the three-dimensional networks by mechanical force (sonication) triggered the reverse gel-to-sol transition. Certain enzymes could accelerate the breakdown of the hydrogel, as determined by in vitro gel weight loss profiles. The hydrogels were able to encapsulate and release Npx over 6 days, demonstrating the potential application of these polypeptide hydrogels as an injectable local delivery system for small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Richen Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Tan P Nguyen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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16
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Demarteau J, Améduri B, Ladmiral V, Mees MA, Hoogenboom R, Debuigne A, Detrembleur C. Controlled Synthesis of Fluorinated Copolymers via Cobalt-Mediated Radical Copolymerization of Perfluorohexylethylene and Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Demarteau
- Centre
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée
de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Maarten A. Mees
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Centre
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée
de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Centre
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée
de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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17
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Zhou Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Zhu X. Toward alternating copolymerization of maleimide and vinyl acetate driven by hydrogen bonding. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the solution copolymerization of N-propylmaleimide (MI) and vinyl acetate (VAc) in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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18
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Dréan M, Guégan P, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C, Rieger J, Debuigne A. Controlled Synthesis of Poly(vinylamine)-Based Copolymers by Organometallic-Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dréan
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of
Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Allée de la
Chimie 3, Bat. B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- UPMC
Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
(IPCM), UMR 8232, Team Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- UPMC
Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
(IPCM), UMR 8232, Team Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of
Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Allée de la
Chimie 3, Bat. B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of
Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Allée de la
Chimie 3, Bat. B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jutta Rieger
- UPMC
Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
(IPCM), UMR 8232, Team Chimie des Polymères (LCP), Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of
Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Allée de la
Chimie 3, Bat. B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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19
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Ding D, Pan X, Zhang Z, Li N, Zhu J, Zhu X. A degradable copolymer of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and vinyl acetate by photo-induced cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Dréan M, Guégan P, Jérôme C, Rieger J, Debuigne A. Far beyond primary poly(vinylamine)s through free radical copolymerization and amide hydrolysis. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers bearing various amino groups of predictable compositions are made available through radical copolymerization followed by optimized amide hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dréan
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege (ULg)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege (ULg)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege (ULg)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
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21
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Viswanath A, Paudel P, Kittikhunnatham P, Green AN, Greytak AB, Benicewicz BC. Synthesis of random terpolymers bearing multidentate imidazole units and their use in functionalization of cadmium sulfide nanowires. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a new synthesis method for random ternary copolymers that are shown to tether a molecular dye payload to cadmium sulfide nanowires in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Viswanath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Pravin Paudel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Alexandra N. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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22
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Wu Q, Zhou D, Kang R, Tang X, Yang Q, Song X, Zhang G. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Thermoresponsive Amphiphilic Biodegradable Polypeptide/Poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) Block Copolymers. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2850-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Kazemi N, Duever TA, Penlidis A. Demystifying the estimation of reactivity ratios for terpolymerization systems. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niousha Kazemi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Thomas A. Duever
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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24
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Zelzer M, Heise A. Terpolymerization kinetics of amino acid N‐carboxy anhydrides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Zelzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryTechnical University EindhovenDen Dolech 2, 5612 AZEindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryTechnical University EindhovenDen Dolech 2, 5612 AZEindhoven The Netherlands
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City UniversityGlasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
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25
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Fan J, Zou J, He X, Zhang F, Zhang S, Raymond JE, Wooley KL. Tunable mechano-responsive organogels by ring-opening copolymerizations of N-carboxyanhydrides. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52504J. [PMID: 24363890 PMCID: PMC3865608 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The simple copolymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers is utilized to generate copolypeptides having a combination of α-helix and β-sheet sub-structures that, when grown from a solvophilic synthetic polymer block segment, are capable of driving mechano-responsive supramolecular sol-to-gel-to-sol and sol-to-gel-to-gel transitions reversibly, which allow also for injection-based processing and self-healing behaviors. A new type of polypeptide-based organogelator, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-co-glycine) (mPEG-b-P(BLG-co-Gly)), is facilely synthesized by statistical ring-opening copolymerizations (ROPs) of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate (BLG) and glycine (Gly) NCAs initiated by mPEG-amine. These systems exhibit tunable secondary structures and result in sonication stimulus responsiveness of the organogels with the polypeptide segment variation, controlled by varying the ratio of BLG NCA to Gly NCA during the copolymerizations. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) studies indicate the α-helical component decreases while the β-sheet content increases systematically with a higher mole fraction of Gly in the polypeptide segment. The supramolecular assembly of β-sheet nanofibrils, having a tunable width over the range of 10.4 - 14.5 nm with varied BLG to Gly ratio, are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The further self-assembly of these nanostructures into 3-D gel networks within N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) occurs at low critical gelation concentrations (CGC) (lowest ca. 0.6 wt %). Increased BLG to Gly ratios lead to an increase of the α-helical component in the secondary structures of the polypeptide segments, resulting in wider and more flexible nanofibrils. The presence of α-helical component in the polymers enhances the stability of the organogels against sonication, and instantaneous gel-to-gel transitions are observed as in situ reconstruction of networks occurs within the gelled materials after sonication. In marked contrast, the β-sheet-rich gel, prepared from mPEG-b-PGly, exhibits an instant gel-to-sol transition after sonication is applied. The CGC concentration and stiffness of this mPEG-b-P(BLG-co-Gly) organogel system can be tuned by simply varying the percentages of α-helix and β-sheet in the secondary structures through control of the BLG to Gly ratio during synthesis. The mechanical properties of these organogels are studied by dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), having storage moduli of ca. 12.1 kPa at room temperature. The injectability and self-healing capabilities are demonstrated by direct observation of the macroscopic self-healing behavior experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Jeffery E. Raymond
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77842, USA
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26
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Chauhan NPS. Structural and thermal characterization of macro-branched functional terpolymer containing 8-hydroxyquinoline moieties with enhancing biocidal properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Zelzer M, Heise A. Determination of copolymerisation characteristics in the N-carboxy anhydride polymerisation of two amino acids. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Farag RK, El-Saeed SM, Mysour NE. Swelling and Network Parameters of 1-Hexadecene-Co-Trimethylolpropane Distearate Monoacrylate Sorbers. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691003662415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Hadjichristidis N, Iatrou H, Pitsikalis M, Sakellariou G. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polypeptide-Based Materials via the Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5528-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900049t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Hermis Iatrou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Pitsikalis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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30
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Abstract
High-resolution NMR spectroscopy is the most versatile, reliable, and generally acceptable technique for the determination of the microstructure of polymers. 2D NMR techniques, along with 1D NMR, have more potential to study absolute configurational assignments and sequence distribution of copolymers. Physical and chemical properties of polymers are influenced fundamentally by their microstructure. We discuss the detailed microstructure analysis of a large number of homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers. 2D NMR study of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and poly(methacrylonitrile) (PMAN) is discussed in this article. In addition to homopolymers, 2D heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) study of different copolymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate), poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylonitrile) have also been reported here. This in turn helps in microstructural analysis of terpolymers such as poly(methacrylonitrile-co-styrene-co-methyl methacrylate), poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate), and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate-co-carbon monoxide).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Brar
- 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Goyal
- 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Sunita Hooda
- 2Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110 019, India
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31
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Brar AS, Goyal AK, Hooda S, Shankar R. Poly(acrylonitrile-co
-methyl methacrylate-co
-methyl acrylate): Synthesis and stereosequence distribution analysis by 2D NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Hoogenboom R, Wiesbrock F, Leenen MAM, van der Loop M, van Nispen SFGM, Schubert US. Kinetic Investigations on Microwave-Assisted Statistical Terpolymerizations of 2-Oxazoline Monomers. Aust J Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ch07150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The microwave-assisted statistical terpolymerization of 2-oxazolines via a living cationic ring-opening polymerization mechanism is discussed. Kinetic investigations on the terpolymerizations of combinations of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline, and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline were performed by heating separate polymerization mixtures for different predefined times. The resulting polymer solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, demonstrating the living character of the statistical terpolymerizations. In addition, the monomer distribution throughout the polymer chains is discussed based on the linear first order kinetic plots of the separate monomers in the terpolymerizations. The observed differences in monomer distribution are expected to influence the polymer properties, which will be the focus of future investigations.
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33
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Wamsley A, Phiasivongsa P, Jasti B, Li X. Microstructural characterization of terpolymers of leucine, β-benzyl aspartate, and valine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Appelhans D, Komber H, Kirchner R, Seidel J, Huang CF, Voigt D, Kuckling D, Chang FC, Voit B. Polypeptide-Shelled Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers and Their Complexing Properties towards Copper(II) Ions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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