1
|
Eivgi O, Phatake RS, Nechmad NB, Lemcoff NG. Light-Activated Olefin Metathesis: Catalyst Development, Synthesis, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2456-2471. [PMID: 32990427 PMCID: PMC7584343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The most important means for tuning and improving a catalyst's properties is the delicate exchange of the ligand shell around the central metal atom. Perhaps for no other organometallic-catalyzed reaction is this statement more valid than for ruthenium-based olefin metathesis. Indeed, even the simple exchange of an oxygen atom for a sulfur atom in a chelated ruthenium benzylidene about a decade ago resulted in the development of extremely stable, photoactive catalysts. This Account presents our perspective on the development of dormant olefin metathesis catalysts that can be activated by external stimuli and, more specifically, the use of light as an attractive inducing agent.The insight gained from a deeper understanding of the properties of cis-dichlororuthenium benzylidenes opened the doorway for the systematic development of new and efficient light-activated olefin metathesis catalysts and catalytic chromatic-orthogonal synthetic schemes. Following this, ways to disrupt the ligand-to-metal bond to accelerate the isomerization process that produced the active precatalyst were actively pursued. Thus, we summarize herein the original thermal activation experiments and how they brought about the discoveries of photoactivation in the sulfur-chelated benzylidene family of catalysts. The specific wavelengths of light that were used to dissociate the sulfur-ruthenium bond allowed us to develop noncommutative catalytic chromatic-orthogonal processes and to combine other photochemical reactions with photoinduced olefin metathesis, including using external light-absorbing molecules as "sunscreens" to achieve novel selectivities. Alteration of the ligand sphere, including modifications of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and the introduction of cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands, produced more efficient light-induced activity and special chemical selectivity. The use of electron-rich sulfoxides and, more prominently, phosphites as the agents that induce latency widened the spectrum of light-induced olefin metathesis reactions even further by expanding the colors of light that may now be used to activate the catalysts, which can be used in applications such as stereolithography and 3D printing of tough metathesis-derived polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or Eivgi
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ravindra S. Phatake
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Noy B. Nechmad
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse
Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petzold D, Giedyk M, Chatterjee A, König B. A Retrosynthetic Approach for Photocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petzold
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01‐224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anamitra Chatterjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mukherjee N, Gawin R, Czarnocki SJ, Gajda R, Malińska M, Woźniak K, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Unexpected formation of nitroso-chelated cyclic η1-acylruthenium(II) complex, an effective catalysts for transfer hydrogenation reaction. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Gawin A, Pump E, Slugovc C, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Ruthenium Amide Complexes – Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Metathesis and in Ring‐Opening Polymerisation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawin
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury Street 101 02‐089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Eva Pump
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology Graz University of Technolgy Stremayrgasse 9 801‐0 Graz Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology Graz University of Technolgy Stremayrgasse 9 801‐0 Graz Austria
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury Street 101 02‐089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury Street 101 02‐089 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pichavant L, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Chemtob A, Pinaud J, Héroguez V. Photolatent ring-opening metathesis polymerization in miniemulsion: a powerful approach to produce polynorbornene latexes. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of miniemulsion Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) to form polyunsaturated latexes is still a largely unexplored field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Pichavant
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- CNRS UMR5629
- IPB-ENSCBP
- Université de Bordeaux
- Pessac
| | | | - Abraham Chemtob
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
- ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Valérie Héroguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- CNRS UMR5629
- IPB-ENSCBP
- Université de Bordeaux
- Pessac
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A partially serendipitous discovery of thermo-switchable ruthenium olefin metathesis initiator that seem to be well suited for ROMP of monomers bearing vinyl pendant groups. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Teator AJ, Bielawski CW. Remote control grubbs catalysts that modulate ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill North Carolina27599
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mikus MS, Torker S, Xu C, Li B, Hoveyda AH. Pentacoordinate Ruthenium(II) Catecholthiolate and Mercaptophenolate Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: Anionic Ligand Exchange and Ease of Initiation. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte S. Mikus
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Chaofan Xu
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sashuk V, Danylyuk O. A Thermo- and Photo-Switchable Ruthenium Initiator For Olefin Metathesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:6528-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saha S, Ginzburg Y, Rozenberg I, Iliashevsky O, Ben-Asuly A, Gabriel Lemcoff N. Cross-linked ROMP polymers based on odourless dicyclopentadiene derivatives. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00378h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxydicyclopentadiene (DCPD-OH) and some ester and ether derivatives were synthesized and used for the first time as ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) monomers to create cross-linked thermoset polymers with Ru-catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukdeb Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Yakov Ginzburg
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Olga Iliashevsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Amos Ben-Asuly
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pump E, Leitgeb A, Kozłowska A, Torvisco A, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Grela K, Slugovc C. Variation of the Sterical Properties of the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coligand in Thermally Triggerable Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Precatalysts/Initiators. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Kozłowska
- Biological
and Chemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Źwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Laura Falivene
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological
and Chemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Źwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Strasser S, Pump E, Fischer RC, Slugovc C. On the chloride lability in electron-rich second-generation ruthenium benzylidene complexes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Pump E, Cavallo L, Slugovc C. A theoretical view on the thermodynamic cis–trans equilibrium of dihalo ruthenium olefin metathesis (pre-)catalysts. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Kozłowska A, Dranka M, Zachara J, Pump E, Slugovc C, Skowerski K, Grela K. Chelating ruthenium phenolate complexes: synthesis, general catalytic activity, and applications in olefin metathesis polymerization. Chemistry 2014; 20:14120-5. [PMID: 25204738 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic Ru-phenolates were synthesized, and these compounds were used as olefin metathesis catalysts. Investigation of their catalytic activity pointed out that, after activation with chemical agents, these catalysts promote ring-closing metathesis (RCM), enyne and cross-metathesis (CM) reactions, including butenolysis, with good results. Importantly, these latent catalysts are soluble in neat dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and show good applicability in ring-opening metathesis polymeriyation (ROMP) of this monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozłowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw (Poland) http://www.karolgrela.eu/
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pump E, Poater A, Zirngast M, Torvisco A, Fischer R, Cavallo L, Slugovc C. Impact of Electronic Modification of the Chelating Benzylidene Ligand in cis-Dichloro-Configured Second-Generation Olefin Metathesis Catalysts on Their Activity. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500315t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pump
- Institute for Chemistry
and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Poater
- Catalan Institute
for Water Research (ICRA),
H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional
i Catàlisi, Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Michaela Zirngast
- Institute for Chemistry
and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering, Kaust Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry
and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
cis/trans Coordination in Olefin Metathesis by Static and Molecular Dynamic DFT Calculations. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Torker S, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. The influence of anionic ligands on stereoisomerism of Ru carbenes and their importance to efficiency and selectivity of catalytic olefin metathesis reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3439-55. [PMID: 24533571 DOI: 10.1021/ja410606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigations detailed herein provide insight regarding the mechanism of stereochemical inversion of stereogenic-at-Ru carbene complexes through a nonolefin metathesis-based polytopal rearrangement pathway. Computational analyses (DFT) reveal that there are two key factors that generate sufficient energy barriers that are responsible for the possibility of isolation and characterization of high-energy, but kinetically stable, intermediates: (1) donor-donor interactions that involve the anionic ligands and the strongly electron donating carbene groups and (2) dipolar effects arising from the syn relationship between the anionic groups (iodide and phenoxide). We demonstrate that a Brønsted acid lowers barriers to facilitate isomerization, and that the positive influence of a proton source is the result of its ability to diminish the repulsive electronic interactions originating from the anionic ligands. The implications of the present studies regarding a more sophisticated knowledge of the role of anionic units on the efficiency of Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions are discussed. The electronic basis for the increased facility with which allylic alcohols participate in olefin metathesis processes will be presented as well. Finally, we illustrate how a better understanding of the role of anionic ligands has served as the basis for successful design of Ru-based Z-selective catalysts for alkene metathesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR. Latent and Delayed Action Polymerization Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:682-701. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pump E, Fischer RC, Slugovc C. Halide Exchange in Second-Generation cis-Dihalo Ruthenium Benzylidene Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300785t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pump
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology
of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A 8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology
of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peeck LH, Savka RD, Plenio H. Fast Olefin Metathesis at Low Catalyst Loading. Chemistry 2012; 18:12845-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
On the isomerization of a trans-dichloro to a cis-dichloro amide-chelated ruthenium benzylidene complex and the catalytic scope of these species in olefin metathesis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
23
|
Vidavsky Y, Anaby A, Lemcoff NG. Chelating alkylidene ligands as pacifiers for ruthenium catalysed olefinmetathesis. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:32-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
24
|
Thiel V, Hendann M, Wannowius KJ, Plenio H. On the Mechanism of the Initiation Reaction in Grubbs–Hoveyda Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:1104-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Thiel
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marina Hendann
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wannowius
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, FB Chemie, Petersenstr. 18, 64287 Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Leitgeb A, Szadkowska A, Michalak M, Barbasiewicz M, Grela K, Slugovc C. Unequal siblings: Adverse characteristics of naphtalene-based hoveyda-type second generation initiators in ring opening metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Urbina-Blanco CA, Leitgeb A, Slugovc C, Bantreil X, Clavier H, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. Olefin metathesis featuring ruthenium indenylidene complexes with a sterically demanding NHC ligand. Chemistry 2011; 17:5045-53. [PMID: 21433125 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two new ruthenium indenylidene complexes [RuCl(2)(SIPr)(Py)(Ind)] 6 and [RuCl(2)(SIPr)(3-BrPy)(Ind)] 7 featuring the sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3-bis(2,6-di isopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIPr) are reported. Remarkable activity was observed with these complexes in ring closing, enyne, and cross metathesis of olefins at low catalyst loadings. The performance of SIPr-bearing complexes 6 and 7 as well as [RuCl(2)(SIPr)(PCy(3))(Ind)] 5 in ring opening metathesis polymerization is also disclosed. This work highlights the enormous influence of the neutral "spectator" ligands on catalyst activity and stability.
Collapse
|
29
|
Aharoni A, Vidavsky Y, Diesendruck CE, Ben-Asuly A, Goldberg I, Lemcoff NG. Ligand Isomerization in Sulfur-Chelated Ruthenium Benzylidenes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om1011402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aharoni
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yuval Vidavsky
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Amos Ben-Asuly
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Achva Academic College, Shikmim 79800, Israel
| | - Israel Goldberg
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hudson DM, Valente EJ, Schachner J, Limbach M, Müller K, Schanz HJ. A Ru-vinylvinylidene Complex: Straightforward Synthesis of a Latent Olefin Metathesis Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Zirngast M, Pump E, Leitgeb A, Albering JH, Slugovc C. Pyridine as trigger for chloride isomerisation in chelated ruthenium benzylidene complexes: implications for olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2261-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
32
|
Vehlow K, Lichtenheldt M, Wang D, Blechert S, Buchmeiser MR. Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Copolymerization of Norborn-2-ene with cis
-Cyclooctene and Cyclopentene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
33
|
Vidavsky Y, Lemcoff NG. Light-induced olefin metathesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:1106-19. [PMID: 21160912 PMCID: PMC3002057 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Light activation is a most desirable property for catalysis control. Among the many catalytic processes that may be activated by light, olefin metathesis stands out as both academically motivating and practically useful. Starting from early tungsten heterogeneous photoinitiated metathesis, up to modern ruthenium methods based on complex photoisomerisation or indirect photoactivation, this survey of the relevant literature summarises past and present developments in the use of light to expedite olefin ring-closing, ring-opening polymerisation and cross-metathesis reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Vidavsky
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - N Gabriel Lemcoff
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang G, Ponnapati R, Pernites R, Grande CD, Felipe MJ, Foster E, Advincula R. Nanoparticle formation and ultrathin film electrodeposition of carbazole dendronized polynorbornenes prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17629-17639. [PMID: 20942447 DOI: 10.1021/la103441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis, electropolymerization, and nanoparticle formation of a series of electroactive carbazole-terminated dendronized linear polynorbornenes prepared by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The molecular weight (MW) of the dendronized polymers was controlled by varying the feed ratio between the dendronized monomer and first-generation Grubbs' catalyst. Ultrathin films were prepared by electrodeposition. The electrochemical behavior and viscoelastic properties of such films were found to be highly dependent on the dendron generation and linear polymer MW as studied by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (E-QCM). Moreover, nanoparticle formation and size/shape control were observed by tuning the surface wetting properties of the substrate during adsorption and by intramolecular cross-linking via chemical oxidation in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tzur E, Szadkowska A, Ben-Asuly A, Makal A, Goldberg I, Woźniak K, Grela K, Lemcoff NG. Studies on electronic effects in O-, N- and S-chelated ruthenium olefin-metathesis catalysts. Chemistry 2010; 16:8726-37. [PMID: 20564287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A short overview on the structural design of the Hoveyda-Grubbs-type ruthenium initiators chelated through oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms is presented. Our aim was to compare and contrast O-, N- and S-chelated ruthenium complexes to better understand the impact of electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents on the geometry and activity of the ruthenium complexes and to gain further insight into the trans-cis isomerisation process of the S-chelated complexes. To evaluate the different effects of chelating heteroatoms and to probe electronic effects on sulfur- and nitrogen-chelated latent catalysts, we synthesised a series of novel complexes. These catalysts were compared against two well-known oxygen-chelated initiators and a sulfoxide-chelated complex. The structures of the new complexes have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and analysed to search for correlations between the structural features and activity. The replacement of the oxygen-chelating atom by a sulfur or nitrogen atom resulted in catalysts that were inert at room temperature for typical ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and cross-metathesis reactions and showed catalytic activity only at higher temperatures. Furthermore, one nitrogen-chelated initiator demonstrated thermo-switchable behaviour in RCM reactions, similar to its sulfur-chelated counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tzur
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Broggi J, Urbina-Blanco C, Clavier H, Leitgeb A, Slugovc C, Slawin A, Nolan S. The Influence of Phosphane Ligands on the Versatility of Ruthenium-Indenylidene Complexes in Metathesis. Chemistry 2010; 16:9215-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
37
|
Vougioukalakis GC, Grubbs RH. Ruthenium-based heterocyclic carbene-coordinated olefin metathesis catalysts. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1746-87. [PMID: 20000700 DOI: 10.1021/cr9002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1579] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Slugovc C, Perner B, Stelzer F, Mereiter K. cis-Dichlorido(1,3-dimesitylimidazolidin-2-yl-idene)(2-formyl-benzyl-idene-κC,O)ruthenium diethyl ether solvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:m154-5. [PMID: 21579631 PMCID: PMC2979747 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, [RuCl(2)(C(8)H(6)O)(C(21)H(26)N(2))]·C(4)H(10)O, contains a catalytically active ruthenium carbene complex of the 'second-generation Grubbs/Hoveyda' type with Ru in a square-pyramidal coordination, the apex of which is formed by the benzyl-idene carbene atom with Ru=C 1.827 (2) Å. The complex shows the uncommon cis, rather than the usual trans, arrangement of the two chloride ligands, with Ru-Cl bond lengths of 2.3548 (6) and 2.3600 (6) Å, and a Cl-Ru-Cl angle of 89.76 (2)°. This cis configuration is desirable for certain applications of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of strained cyclic olefins. The crystalline solid is a diethyl ether solvate, which is built up from a porous framework of Ru complexes held together by π-π stacking and C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O inter-actions. The disordered diethyl ether solvent mol-ecules are contained in two independent infinite channels, which extend parallel to the c axis at x,y = 0,0 and x,y = , and have solvent-accessible void volumes of 695 and 464 Å(3) per unit cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Perner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Stelzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Szadkowska A, Gstrein X, Burtscher D, Jarzembska K, Woźniak K, Slugovc C, Grela K. Latent Thermo-Switchable Olefin Metathesis Initiators Bearing a Pyridyl-Functionalized Chelating Carbene: Influence of the Leaving Group’s Rigidity on the Catalyst’s Performance. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900857w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szadkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xaver Gstrein
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16 A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Burtscher
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16 A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16 A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karol Grela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Monsaert S, Ledoux N, Drozdzak R, Verpoort F. A highly controllable latent ruthenium Schiff base olefin metathesis catalyst: Catalyst activation and mechanistic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
Dunbar M, Balof S, LaBeaud L, Yu B, Lowe A, Valente E, Schanz HJ. Improved Molecular Weight Control in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Reactions with Ru-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Using N Donors and Acid: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation. Chemistry 2009; 15:12435-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
42
|
Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Copolymerization by Grubbs-Type Initiators with Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2009; 15:9451-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
43
|
Diesendruck CE, Tzur E, Lemcoff NG. The Versatile Alkylidene Moiety in Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyal Tzur
- Chemistry Department, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Chemistry Department, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kumar PS, Wurst K, Buchmeiser M. Isocyanate- and Isothiocyanate-Derived RuIV-Based Alkylidenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Activity. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1275-83. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Diesendruck CE, Vidavsky Y, Ben-Asuly A, Lemcoff NG. A latent s-chelated ruthenium benzylidene initiator for ring-opening metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
46
|
Kim JH, Park BY, Chen SW, Lee SG. In Situ Activation of a Latent Ruthenium-Carbene Complex in Ionic Liquid and Its Application in Ring-Closing Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
47
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the Year 2007. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
48
|
Szadkowska A, Makal A, Woźniak K, Kadyrov R, Grela K. Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Initiators Bearing Chelating Sulfoxide Ligands. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szadkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, and Evonik Degussa GmbH, 097-12a Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Anna Makal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, and Evonik Degussa GmbH, 097-12a Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, and Evonik Degussa GmbH, 097-12a Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Renat Kadyrov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, and Evonik Degussa GmbH, 097-12a Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Karol Grela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, and Evonik Degussa GmbH, 097-12a Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Monfette S, Camm KD, Gorelsky SI, Fogg DE. Electronic Effects of the Anionic Ligand in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Monfette
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Kenneth D. Camm
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Serge I. Gorelsky
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stubenrauch K, Voets I, Fritz‐Popovski G, Trimmel G. pH and ionic strength responsive polyelectrolyte block copolymer micelles prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Stubenrauch
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ilja Voets
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|