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Chiappe C, Rodriguez-Douton MJ, Mozzati MC, Prete D, Griesi A, Guazzelli L, Gemmi M, Caporali S, Calisi N, Pomelli CS, Rossella F. Fe-functionalized paramagnetic sporopollenin from pollen grains: one-pot synthesis using ionic liquids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12005. [PMID: 32686728 PMCID: PMC7371869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of Fe-decorated sporopollenins was achieved using pollen grains and an ionic liquid as solvent and functionalizing agent. The integrity of the organic capsules was ascertained through scanning electron microscopy studies. The presence of Fe in the capsule was investigated using FT-IR, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetization measurements allowed us to demonstrate the paramagnetic behavior of our Fe-functionalized sporopollenin. A few potential applications of pollen-based systems functionalized with magnetic metal ions via ionic liquids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiappe
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Rodriguez-Douton
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - M C Mozzati
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Prete
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Griesi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - L Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Caporali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50129, Firenze, Italy
- INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50123, Firenze, Italy
| | - N Calisi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Firenze, Via di S. Marta 3, 50129, Firenze, Italy
- INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50123, Firenze, Italy
| | - C S Pomelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Rossella
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Efficient colorimetric fluoride anion chemosensors based-on simple naphthodipyrrolidone dyes. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Hierarchical Porous Interlocked Polymeric Microcapsules: Sulfonic Acid Functionalization as Acid Catalysts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44178. [PMID: 28300062 PMCID: PMC5353599 DOI: 10.1038/srep44178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their unique structural and surface properties, mesoporous microspheres are widely applied in the catalytic field. Generally, increasing the surface area of the specific active phase of the catalyst is a good method, which can achieve a higher catalytic activity through the fabrication of the corresponding catalytic microspheres with the smaller size and hollow structure. However, one of the major challenges in the use of hollow microspheres (microcapsules) as catalysts is their chemical and structural stability. Herein, the grape-like hypercrosslinked polystyrene hierarchical porous interlocked microcapsule (HPIM-HCL-PS) is fabricated by SiO2 colloidal crystals templates, whose structure is the combination of open mouthed structure, mesoporous nanostructure and interlocked architecture. Numerous microcapsules assembling together and forming the roughly grape-like microcapsule aggregates can enhance the structural stability and recyclability of these microcapsules. After undergoing the sulfonation, the sulfonated HPIM-HCL-PS is served as recyclable acid catalyst for condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol (TOF = 793 h−1), moreover, exhibits superior activity, selectivity and recyclability.
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Gaitzsch J, Huang X, Voit B. Engineering Functional Polymer Capsules toward Smart Nanoreactors. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1053-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Gaitzsch
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Xin Huang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut fuer Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
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Yu F, Chen ZH, Zeng XR, Gao XN, Zhang ZG. Poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer nanocapsules containing phase-change material (n-dodecanol) prepared via miniemulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xing-Rong Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xue-Nong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zheng-Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry; Guangzhou 510640 China
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Shang Y, Shan G, Pan P. Modeling for primary radical desorption in miniemulsion polymerization initiated by oil-soluble initiator. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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Cao Z, Yang L, Ye Q, Cui Q, Qi D, Ziener U. Transition-metal salt-containing silica nanocapsules elaborated via salt-induced interfacial deposition in inverse miniemulsions as precursor to functional hollow silica particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6509-6518. [PMID: 23679054 DOI: 10.1021/la401468t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous core-silica shell nanocapsules were successfully prepared using liquid droplets containing transition-metal salt as templates in inverse miniemulsions. The formation of the silica shell was attributed to the interfacial deposition of silica species induced by the presence of the transition-metal salt. In addition to the control of the particle morphology, the incorporated transition-metal salts could be used to derivatize the particles and confer additional functionalities to the hollow silica particles. To demonstrate the derivatization, the magnetic hollow silica particles were prepared by converting iron salts to magnetic iron oxides by heat treatment. The particle morphology, size, and size distribution were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the particle properties strongly depend on the type and the amount of salts, the amount of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the pH of the droplets, and the ratios of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to aqueous HCl solution. The specific surface area and pore properties were characterized by N2 sorption measurements. The pore properties and specific surface area could be tuned by varying the amount of salt. Levels of elements and of iron oxides in the magnetic hollow particles were measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Iron was distributed homogenously with silicon and oxygen in the sample. The magnetization measured by a magnetic property measurement system confirmed the successful conversion of the iron salts to magnetic iron oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Cao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Cao Z, Dong L, Li L, Shang Y, Qi D, Lv Q, Shan G, Ziener U, Landfester K. Preparation of mesoporous submicrometer silica capsules via an interfacial sol-gel process in inverse miniemulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7023-32. [PMID: 22489967 DOI: 10.1021/la300531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica capsules with submicrometer sizes were successfully prepared via the interfacial hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in inverse miniemulsion by using hydrophilic liquid droplets as template. The inverse miniemulsions containing pH-controlled hydrophilic droplets were first prepared via sonication by using poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P(E/B)-PEO) or SPAN 80 as surfactant. TEOS was directly introduced to the continuous phase of an inverse miniemulsion. The silica shell was formed by the deposition of silica on the surface of droplets. The formation of capsule morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mesoporous structure was verified by nitrogen sorption measurements. The specific surface area could be tuned by the variation of the amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and TEOS, and the pore size by the amount of CTAB. The influences of synthetic parameters on the particle size and morphology were investigated in terms of the amount of CTAB, pH value in the droplets, TEOS amount, surfactant amount, and type of solvent with low polarity. A formation mechanism of silica capsules was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Cao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Cao Z, Landfester K, Ziener U. Preparation of dually, pH- and thermo-responsive nanocapsules in inverse miniemulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1163-1168. [PMID: 22201511 DOI: 10.1021/la2041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
pH- and thermo-sensitive nanocapsules were successfully synthesized via inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), and a functional monomer, 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP). The size and size distribution of nanocapsules were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The particle morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The final morphology of particles was strongly influenced by the hydrophobicity of functional monomers. The use of a hydrophilic functional monomer, acrylic acid, led to the formation of solid particles, while the use of the more hydrophobic functional monomer, 4-VP, resulted in the formation of nanocapsules. The particle morphology, size, and size distribution were investigated in terms of the content of 4-VP, MBA, and the type and content of surfactant. The pH- and thermo-sensitivities were characterized by measuring the size variation with the change of temperature and pH. The organic-inorganic nanocapsules were prepared by coating a layer of silica particles on the surface of the sensitive nanocapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Cao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III - Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Shirin-Abadi AR, Mahdavian AR, Khoee S. New Approach for the Elucidation of PCM Nanocapsules through Miniemulsion Polymerization with an Acrylic Shell. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201509d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rezaee Shirin-Abadi
- Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mahdavian
- Polymer Science Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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Schrade A, Cao Z, Landfester K, Ziener U. Preparation of raspberry-like nanocapsules by the combination of Pickering emulsification and solvent displacement technique. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6689-6700. [PMID: 21563812 DOI: 10.1021/la201170w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined raspberry-like nanocapsules were prepared by the combination of Pickering emulsification and solvent displacement technique by using silica particles as stabilizer and hexadecane (HD) as soft template. The formation of the capsule morphology is caused by the phase separation of poly(styrene-co-4-vinyl pyridine) (poly(St-co-4-VP)) in the droplets due to the diffusion of good solvent for the (co)polymer to the aqueous continuous phase. The size of capsules was successfully reduced from tens of micrometers in the dispersion by simply stirring to the nanorange by the employment of sonication and Ostwald ripening. The formation of silica-particles-armored nanocapsules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurement. The colloidal stability and particle properties, including size and morphology, depend on the amount of HD, and copolymers, the sonication time, the dispersion pH value, the type of solvent, and the copolymer composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Schrade
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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12
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Cao Z, Schrade A, Landfester K, Ziener U. Synthesis of raspberry-like organic-inorganic hybrid nanocapsules via pickering miniemulsion polymerization: Colloidal stability and morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Du P, Liu P. Crosslinked Polymeric Nanocapsules Via Surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from SiO2Nano-templates. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2010.511519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Cao Z, Ziener U, Landfester K. Synthesis of Narrowly Size-Distributed Thermosensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Nanocapsules in Inverse Miniemulsion. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101115t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Cao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III − Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III − Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III − Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Li W, Yoon JA, Matyjaszewski K. Dual-Reactive Surfactant Used for Synthesis of Functional Nanocapsules in Miniemulsion. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7823-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100685s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jeong Ae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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16
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Weiss CK, Landfester K. Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials. HYBRID LATEX PARTICLES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization. MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR NANO- AND MICROREACTORS/-REACTIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2009_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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