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Li Z, Giarto J, Zhang J, Gim J, Chen E, Enriquez E, Jafuta L, Mahalingam E, Turng LS. Design and Synthesis of P(AAm-co-NaAMPS)-Alginate-Xanthan Hydrogels and the Study of Their Mechanical and Rheological Properties in Artificial Vascular Graft Applications. Gels 2024; 10:319. [PMID: 38786235 PMCID: PMC11121731 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality among non-communicable diseases worldwide. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is a widely used material for making artificial vascular grafts to treat CVDs; however, its application in small-diameter vascular grafts is limited by the issues of thrombosis formation and intimal hyperplasia. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates a hydrogel layer on the lumen of ePTFE vascular grafts through mechanical interlocking to efficiently facilitate endothelialization and alleviate thrombosis and restenosis problems. This study investigated how various gel synthesis variables, including N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), sodium alginate, and calcium sulfate (CaSO4), influence the mechanical and rheological properties of P(AAm-co-NaAMPS)-alginate-xanthan hydrogels intended for vascular graft applications. The findings obtained can provide valuable guidance for crafting hydrogels suitable for artificial vascular graft fabrication. The increased sodium alginate content leads to increased equilibrium swelling ratios, greater viscosity in hydrogel precursor solutions, and reduced transparency. Adding more CaSO4 decreases the swelling ratio of a hydrogel system, which offsets the increased swelling ratio caused by alginate. Increased MBAA in the hydrogel system enhances both the shear modulus and Young's modulus while reducing the transparency of the hydrogel system and the pore size of freeze-dried samples. Overall, Hydrogel (6A12M) with 2.58 mg/mL CaSO4 was the optimal candidate for ePTFE-hydrogel vascular graft applications due to its smallest pore size, highest shear storage modulus and Young's modulus, smallest swelling ratio, and a desirable precursor solution viscosity that facilitates fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhutong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Joshua Giarto
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| | - Jinsu Gim
- Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jinju 52845, Republic of Korea;
| | - Edward Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Eduardo Enriquez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Lauren Jafuta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Esha Mahalingam
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (E.C.); (E.E.); (L.J.)
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.G.); (E.M.)
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Eddine MA, Carvalho A, Schmutz M, Salez T, de Chateauneuf-Randon S, Bresson B, Belbekhouche S, Monteux C. Sieving and Clogging in PEG-PEGDA Hydrogel Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15085-15094. [PMID: 37823796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are promising systems for separation applications due to their structural characteristics (i.e., hydrophilicity and porosity). In our study, we investigate the permeation of suspensions of rigid latex particles of different sizes through free-standing hydrogel membranes prepared by photopolymerization of a mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and large poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains of 300,000 g·mol-1 in the presence of a photoinitiator. Atomic force microscopy and cryoscanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) were employed to characterize the structures of the hydrogel membranes. We find that the 20 nm particle permeation depends on both the PEGDA/PEG composition and the pressure applied during filtration. In contrast, we do not measure a significant permeation of the 100 nm and 1 μm particles, despite the presence of large cavities of 1 μm evidenced by the cryoSEM images. We suggest that the PEG chains induce local nanoscale defects in the cross-linking of PEGDA-rich walls separating the micrometer-sized cavities, which control the permeation of particles and water. Moreover, we discuss the decline of the permeation flux observed in the presence of latex particles compared to that of pure water. We suggest that a thin layer of particles forms on the surface of the hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Alaa Eddine
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
- Université Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut Chimie et Matériaux Paris Est, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Alain Carvalho
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 02 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Schmutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 02 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Salez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Bruno Bresson
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Belbekhouche
- Université Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut Chimie et Matériaux Paris Est, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Cécile Monteux
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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Barbero CA. Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)-A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2240. [PMID: 37242814 PMCID: PMC10221099 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels made of cross-linked polyacrlyamides (cPAM) and conducting materials made of polyanilines (PANIs) are both the most widely used materials in each category. This is due to their accessible monomers, easy synthesis and excellent properties. Therefore, the combination of these materials produces composites which show enhanced properties and also synergy between the cPAM properties (e.g., elasticity) and those of PANIs (e.g., conductivity). The most common way to produce the composites is to form the gel by radical polymerization (usually by redox initiators) then incorporate the PANIs into the network by oxidative polymerization of anilines. It is often claimed that the product is a semi-interpenetrated network (s-IPN) made of linear PANIs penetrating the cPAM network. However, there is evidence that the nanopores of the hydrogel become filled with PANIs nanoparticles, producing a composite. On the other hand, swelling the cPAM in true solutions of PANIs macromolecules renders s-IPN with different properties. Technological applications of the composites have been developed, such as photothermal (PTA)/electromechanical actuators, supercapacitors, movement/pressure sensors, etc. PTA devices rely on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light, microwaves, radiofrequency) by PANIs, which heats up the composite, triggering the phase transition of a thermosensitive cPAM. Therefore, the synergy of properties of both polymers is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Barbero
- Research Institute for Energy Technologies and Advanced Materials (IITEMA), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina
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Atila D, Keskin D, Lee YL, Lin FH, Hasirci V, Tezcaner A. Injectable methacrylated gelatin/thiolated pectin hydrogels carrying melatonin/tideglusib-loaded core/shell PMMA/silk fibroin electrospun fibers for vital pulp regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113078. [PMID: 36525752 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Use of injectable hydrogels attract attention in the regeneration of dental pulp due to their ability to fill non-uniform voids such as pulp cavities. Here, gelatin methacrylate/thiolated pectin hydrogels (GelMA/PecTH) carrying electrospun core/shell fibers of melatonin (Mel)-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/Tideglusib (Td)-silk fibroin (SF) were designed as an injectable hydrogel for vital pulp regeneration, through prolonged release of Td and Mel to induce proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). H NMR and FTIR confirmed methacrylation of Gel and thiolation of Pec. Addition of PMMA/SF increased degradation and water retention capacities of GelMA/PecTH. Rheological analyses and syringe tests proved the injectability of the hydrogel systems. Release studies indicated that Td and Mel were released from the fibers inside the hydrogels sequentially due to their specific locations. This release pattern from the hydrogels resulted in DPSC proliferation and odontogenic differentiation in vitro. Gene expression studies showed that the upregulation of DMP1, DSPP, and Axin-2 genes was promoted by GelMA/PecTH carrying PMMA/SF loaded with Mel (50 µg/mL) and Td (200 nM), respectively. Our results suggest that this hydrogel system holds promise for use in the regeneration of pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atila
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; MODSIMMER, Modeling and Simulation Research & Development Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; BIOMATEN, CoE in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine (IBEN), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Dilek Keskin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; MODSIMMER, Modeling and Simulation Research & Development Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; BIOMATEN, CoE in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yuan-Ling Lee
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine (IBEN), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine & College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, CoE in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University (ACU), Istanbul 34758, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; MODSIMMER, Modeling and Simulation Research & Development Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; BIOMATEN, CoE in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Tang TC, Tham E, Liu X, Yehl K, Rovner AJ, Yuk H, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Isaacs FJ, Zhao X, Lu TK. Hydrogel-based biocontainment of bacteria for continuous sensing and computation. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:724-731. [PMID: 33820990 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) can enable a wide range of important applications including environmental sensing and responsive engineered living materials. However, containment of GMMs to prevent environmental escape and satisfy regulatory requirements is a bottleneck for real-world use. While current biochemical strategies restrict unwanted growth of GMMs in the environment, there is a need for deployable physical containment technologies to achieve redundant, multi-layered and robust containment. We developed a hydrogel-based encapsulation system that incorporates a biocompatible multilayer tough shell and an alginate-based core. This deployable physical containment strategy (DEPCOS) allows no detectable GMM escape, bacteria to be protected against environmental insults including antibiotics and low pH, controllable lifespan and easy retrieval of genomically recoded bacteria. To highlight the versatility of DEPCOS, we demonstrated that robustly encapsulated cells can execute useful functions, including performing cell-cell communication with other encapsulated bacteria and sensing heavy metals in water samples from the Charles River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chieh Tang
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,The Mediated Matter Group, Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Eléonore Tham
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Alexis J Rovner
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Yuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farren J Isaacs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Wu X, Huang X, Zhu Y, Li J, Hoffmann MR. Synthesis and application of superabsorbent polymer microspheres for rapid concentration and quantification of microbial pathogens in ambient water. Sep Purif Technol 2020; 239:116540. [PMID: 32421015 PMCID: PMC7045201 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A portable, hand-pressed 3D-printed system with SAP microspheres was developed. This system could achieve efficient concentration of environmental microorganisms. Superior performance was achieved with varying ionic strengths in a short time. Optimized SAP microspheres could be reused 20 times with simple procedures.
Even though numerous methods have been developed for the detection and quantification of waterborne pathogens, the application of these methods is often hindered by the very low pathogen concentrations in natural waters. Therefore, rapid and efficient sample concentration methods are urgently needed. Here we present a novel method to pre-concentrate microbial pathogens in water using a portable 3D-printed system with super-absorbent polymer (SAP) microspheres, which can effectively reduce the actual volume of water in a collected sample. The SAP microspheres absorb water while excluding bacteria and viruses by size exclusion and charge repulsion. To improve the water absorption capacity of SAP in varying ionic strength waters (0–100 mM), we optimized the formulation of SAP to 180 g⋅L−1 Acrylamide, 75 g⋅L−1 Itaconic Acid and 4.0 g⋅L−1 Bis-Acrylamide for the highest ionic strength water as a function of the extent of cross-linking and the concentration of counter ions. Fluorescence microscopy and double-layer agar plating respectively showed that the 3D-printed system with optimally-designed SAP microspheres could rapidly achieve a 10-fold increase in the concentration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and bacteriophage MS2 within 20 min with concentration efficiencies of 87% and 96%, respectively. Fold changes between concentrated and original samples from qPCR and RT-qPCR results were found to be respectively 11.34–22.27 for E. coli with original concentrations from 104 to 106 cell·mL−1, and 8.20–13.81 for MS2 with original concentrations from 104 to 106 PFU·mL−1. Furthermore, SAP microspheres can be reused for 20 times without performance loss, significantly decreasing the cost of our concentration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Wu
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Xiao Huang
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Yanzhe Zhu
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde+ Robinson Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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Gyles DA, Castro LD, Silva JOC, Ribeiro-Costa RM. A review of the designs and prominent biomedical advances of natural and synthetic hydrogel formulations. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Hassel KJ, Moresoli C. Role of pH and Ionic strength on weak cation exchange macroporous Hydrogel membranes and IgG capture. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Tenório-Neto ET, Guilherme MR, Lima-Tenório MK, Scariot DB, Nakamura CV, Rubira AF, Kunita MH. Synthesis and characterization of a pH-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel: acid degradation, equilibrium swelling, and absorption kinetic characteristics. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tripathi BP, Dubey NC, Stamm M. Hollow microgel based ultrathin thermoresponsive membranes for separation, synthesis, and catalytic applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17702-17712. [PMID: 25272373 DOI: 10.1021/am504120c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive core-shell microgels with degradable core are synthesized via surfactant based free radical polymerization using N,N'-(1,2-dihydroxy-ethylene)bis(acrylamide) (DHEA) as a cross-linker for core preparation. The 1,2-glycol bond present in DHEA is susceptible to NaIO4 solution, and thus, the structure can be cleaved off resulting in hollow microgel. Ultrathin membranes are prepared by suction filtration of a dilute suspension of core-shell microgels over a sacrificial layer of Cd(OH)2 nanostrand coated on track etched membrane. After removal of the degraded cores from microgels, the membranes are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and the nanostrands are removed by passing a 10 mM HCl solution. The prepared membranes are thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and dynamic contact angle for morphology, thermoresponsive, and hydrophilic properties, respectively. The prepared membranes showed thermoresponsive permeation behavior and remarkable separation performance for low molecular weight dyes and lysozyme protein. These membranes are also used to synthesize gold nanoparticles and immobilize lactate dehydrogenase enzyme for catalytic and biocatalytic application. The results for water permeation, solute rejection, and ability to immobilize gold nanoparticles and enzymes showed its wide range of applicability. Furthermore, the synthesis of hollow microgel is simple and environmentally friendly, and the membrane preparation is easy, scalable, and other microgel systems can also be used. These responsive membranes constitute a significant contribution to advanced separation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Prakash Tripathi
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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XU Z, LI YK, WANG JY, LIU C, LIU JS, CHEN L, WANG LD. A Novel Method for Fabrication of Micro-Nanofluidic Devices and Its Application in Trace Enrichment. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seiffert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, F-ISFM Soft Matter and Functional Materials; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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