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Dorlus TA, Roy JK, Leszczynski J. Designing Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-Based Conjugated Polymers for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A DFT/TDDFT Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1580. [PMID: 38611860 PMCID: PMC11013080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Clean and renewable energy development is becoming frontier research for future energy resources, as renewable energy offers sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels. Among various renewable energy sources, tremendous progress has been made in converting solar energy to electric energy by developing efficient organic photovoltaics. Organic photovoltaic materials comprising conjugated polymers (CP) with narrow optical energy gaps are promising candidates for developing sustainable sources due to their potentially lower manufacturing costs. Organic semiconductor materials with a high electron affinity are required for many optoelectronic applications. We have designed a series of organic semiconductors comprised of cyclopentadithiophene as a donor and thiadiazoloquinoxaline (TQ) as an acceptor, varying the π-conjugation and TQ-derivatives. We have employed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) to evaluate the designed CP's optoelectronic properties, such as optical energy gap, dipole moment, and absorption spectra. Our DFT/TDDFT result shows that the energy gap of CPs is lowered and redshifted in the absorption spectra if there is no insertion of conjugation units such as thiophene and selenophene between donor and acceptor. In addition, selenophene shows relatively better redshift behavior compared to thiophene. Our work also provides rational insight into designing donor/acceptor-based CPs for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Dorlus
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
| | - Juganta K. Roy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
- Clean Energy Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
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2
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Xu LY, Wang W, Yang X, Wang S, Shao Y, Chen M, Sun R, Min J. Real-time monitoring polymerization degree of organic photovoltaic materials toward no batch-to-batch variations in device performance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1248. [PMID: 38341407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerization degree plays a vital role in material properties. Previous methodologies of molecular weight control generally cannot suppress or alleviate batch-to-batch variations in device performance, especially in polymer solar cells. Herein, we develop an in-situ photoluminescence system in tandem with a set of analysis and processing procedures to track and estimate the polymerization degree of organic photovoltaic materials. To support the development of this protocol, we introduce polymer acceptor PYT constructed by near-infrared Y-series small molecule acceptors via Stille polymerization, and shed light on the correlations between molecular weight, spectral parameters, and device efficiencies that enable the design of the optical setup and confirm its feasibility. The universality is verified in PYT derivatives with stereoregularity and fluoro-substitution as well as benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based polymers. Overall, our result provides a tool to tailor suitable conjugated oligomers applied to polymer solar cells and other organic electronics for industrial scalability and desired cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yong Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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3
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de Araújo AVS, Rangel CJ, Ando RA. Multiconfigurational Calculations and Experimental Resonant Raman/SERRS of a Donor-Acceptor Thiadiazole Dye. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10789-10796. [PMID: 38109666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The resonant Raman (RR) and resonant SERS spectra of the thiadiazole-based dye dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole (DBTD) were studied through multiconfigurational XMS-CASPT2/CASSCF and experimental methods in solution. The results indicate that the S1 excited state of DBTD is described by π → π* with internal CT from the benzene ring to the thiadizole. In resonance conditions at 364 nm, the RR spectrum shows intensifications in modes that describe extensive geometrical changes at both the benzene ring and the thiadiazole region, indicating an internal CT character to the S1. The SERS spectra observed on gold and silver nanoparticles indicate different adsorption geometries, which leads to distinct enhancement patterns on the spectra with varying excitation energy. It evidences the major contribution of the chemical enhancement mechanism on the spectra from a metal → DBTD CT state, as confirmed by the simulated spectra. This theoretical approach proved strong in the prediction of the main features of the observed experimental resonant Raman and SERS spectra indicating a potential for adequate description of the chemical mechanism of SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto V Sanches de Araújo
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Clara J Rangel
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Ando
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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4
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Turlington MD, Gobeze HB, Younus M, Schanze KS. Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Charge Injection and Hole Localization in Diblock Oligomers Anchored to TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45399-45410. [PMID: 37713473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of diblock oligomers containing oligothiophene (Tn, n = 4, 5) and 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadizole (TBT) segments, functionalized with carboxylic acid anchoring groups, were prepared and anchored to mesoporous TiO2 films to study wavelength-dependent interfacial electron transfer mechanisms. Thin films of the surface-anchored diblock oligomers contained two absorption bands centered at 400 and 500 nm, corresponding to the Tn and TBT blocks, respectively. Pulsed-laser excitation of the oligomer-sensitized films yielded local excited-states that promoted electron injection into TiO2. The injection pathway was dependent on the excitation wavelength, as electron injection occurred from the oligomer block that was locally excited. Recombination between the injected electron and the oxidized oligomer was sensitive to the bridging unit that separates the oligomer conjugated segments (-C≡C- vs trans-Pt(PBu3)2-). When the bridge facilitated strong coupling between the two blocks (-C≡C- bridge), the excitation wavelength had no effect on the recombination pathway, as the hole was delocalized over the entire oligomer. However, in the weak coupling case (Pt(PBu3)2- bridge), selective excitation resulted in wavelength-dependent hole localization that persisted to the μs time scale, providing control over the recombination pathway by varying the excitation wavelength. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated by using the diblock oligomers as sensitizers. The photocurrent action spectra were measured, and the absorbed photon-to-current efficiency (APCE) provided further insight into the electron-transfer mechanisms that are operative under continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Muhammed Younus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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5
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Matsumura Y, Tanudjaja A, Fukushima M, Higuchi M, Ogino S, Ishidoshiro M, Irie Y, Imoto H, Naka K, Hifumi R, Inagi S, Tomita I. Parallel synthesis of donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymers by post-element transformation of organotitanium polymer. Des Monomers Polym 2023; 26:190-197. [PMID: 37426066 PMCID: PMC10327520 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2023.2233228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The donor-acceptor type π-conjugated polymers having heterole units were prepared by the reaction of a regioregular organometallic polymer having both reactive titanacyclopentadiene and electron-donor thiophene-2,5-diyl units in the main chain with electrophiles such as diphenyltin dichloride, dichlorophenylphosphine, and diiodophenylarsine. For example, a polymer having electron-accepting phosphole unit was obtained in 54% yield whose number-average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) were estimated as 3,000 and 1.9, respectively. The obtained polymer exhibits a high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels (-5.13 eV and -3.25 eV, respectively) due to the electron-donating thiophene and electron-accepting phosphole units. Reflecting upon the alternating structure of thiophene and phosphole, the polymer exhibits a band gap energy level (Eg) of 1.78 eV which is narrower than that of a derivative of poly(thiophene) (Eg = 2.25 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Matsumura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, JAPAN
| | - Alvin Tanudjaja
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Mizuki Fukushima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Shin Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Makoto Ishidoshiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Yasuyuki Irie
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Ryoyu Hifumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
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6
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Rimmele M, Glöcklhofer F, Heeney M. Post-polymerisation approaches for the rapid modification of conjugated polymer properties. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2678-2697. [PMID: 35983884 PMCID: PMC9620492 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-polymerisation functionalisation provides a facile and efficient way for the introduction of functional groups on the backbone of conjugated polymers. Using post-polymerisation functionalisation approaches, the polymer chain length is usually not affected, meaning that the resulting polymers only differ in their attached functional groups or side chains, which makes them particularly interesting for investigating the influence of the different groups on the polymer properties. For such functionalisations, highly efficient and selective reactions are needed to avoid the formation of complex mixtures or permanent defects in the polymer backbone. A variety of suitable synthetic approaches and reactions that fulfil these criteria have been identified and reported. In this review, a thorough overview is given of the post-polymerisation functionalisations reported to date, with the methods grouped based on the type of reaction used: cycloaddition, oxidation/reduction, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, or halogenation and subsequent cross-coupling reaction. Instead of modifications on the aliphatic side chains of the conjugated polymers, we focus on modifications directly on the conjugated backbones, as these have the most pronounced effect on the optical and electronic properties. Some of the discussed materials have been used in applications, ranging from solar cells to bioelectronics. By providing an overview of this versatile and expanding field for the first time, we showcase post-polymerisation functionalisation as an exciting pathway for the creation of new conjugated materials for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rimmele
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Zhang Z, Tang Z, Zhou Y, Wang P, Yang J, Zhu S. Intermolecular hydrogen bond and π-π stacking improve electron mobility of phenanthroline-based electron-transporting materials. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Watanabe H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Position Dependent Effects of the Aza‐Substitution on the Electronic Properties and Crystal Structures Based on Hexaazaphenalene Isomers. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Polymer Chemistry Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
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9
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Kang SH, Lee D, Choi W, Oh JH, Yang C. Usefulness of Polar and Bulky Phosphonate Chain-End Solubilizing Groups in Polymeric Semiconductors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Huei Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Doyoung Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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10
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Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL, Ranathunge TA, Malikaramage AU, Gunarathna HMNP, Sandakelum L, Wylie S, Abewardana PGPR, Egodawele MGSAMEWDDK, Herath WHMRNK, Bandara SV, Strongin DR, Attanayake NH, Velauthapillai D, Horrocks BR. Implementing the donor-acceptor approach in electronically conducting copolymers via electropolymerization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12089-12115. [PMID: 35481093 PMCID: PMC9019830 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01176j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electropolymerization has become a convenient method for synthesizing and characterizing complex organic copolymers having intrinsic electronic conductivity, including the donor (D)-acceptor (A) class of electronically conducting polymers (ECPs). This review begins with an introduction to the electrosynthesis of common second-generation ECPs. The information obtainable from electroanalytical studies, charge carriers such as polarons (positive and negative) and bipolarons (positive and negative) and doping will be discussed. The evolutionary chain of ECPs is then presented. ECPs comprising electron-rich D and electron-deficient A moieties have been shown to possess intrinsic electronic conductivity and unique optical and electronic properties. They are third generation ECPs and electropolymerization of mixtures of D and A leads to stoichiometrically controlled block copolymers. These D-A type ECPs are discussed on the basis of selected representative materials. Since the discovery of electropolymerization as a powerful tool to synthesize copolymers of conjugated monomers with a pre-determined ratio of D and A repeat units present in the polymer, the field of D-A type ECPs has grown considerably and the literature available since 2004 to 2021 is summarized and tabulated. Electronic and optical properties of the materials determined by computational chemistry are presented. The data obtained from electrochemical and optical methods are compared with those obtained from computational methods and reasons for discrepancies are given. The literature on the concept of electropolymerization extended to synthesizing triblock and many-block copolymers is reviewed. Finally, applications of D-A polymers in optoelectronic devices (organic solar cells and field-effect transistors) and in bio-imaging are explained quoting appropriate examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davita L Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS USA
| | - Tharindu A Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Mississippi 322 Coulter Hall University MS USA
| | - A U Malikaramage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - H M N P Gunarathna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Sandakelum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Shane Wylie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - P G P R Abewardana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | | | - W H M R N K Herath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Sanjaya V Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Daniel R Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Temple University 1901 N. 13th Street Philadelphia PA 19122-6081 USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin R Horrocks
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Kronstad D412 Norway
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11
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu W, Liang X. Boosting Electrocatalyzed Hydrogen Evolutions with Electropolymerized Thiophene Substituted CoIIICorroles. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6177-6185. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a A3 type and a A2B type meso-thiophene-substituted CoIIIcorroles are prepared and the electronic structures are investigated. Interestingly, these two CoIIIcorroles are facilely polymerized under electrochemical conditions, and are...
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12
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Light induced step-growth polymerization of Donor-Acceptor-Donor (DAD) type monomers based on thiophene – [1,2,5] Chalcogenazolo[3,4-f]-benzo [1,2,3] triazole – Thiophene. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Callaway CP, Bombile JH, Mask W, Ryno SM, Risko C. Thermomechanical enhancement of
DPP‐4T
through purposeful
π‐conjugation
disruption. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor P. Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Joel H. Bombile
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Walker Mask
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Sean M. Ryno
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
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14
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Rech JJ, Neu J, Qin Y, Samson S, Shanahan J, Josey RF, Ade H, You W. Designing Simple Conjugated Polymers for Scalable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3561-3568. [PMID: 34008311 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have a long history of exploration and use in organic solar cells, and over the last twenty-five years, marked increases in the solar cell efficiency have been achieved. However, the synthetic complexity of these materials has also drastically increased, which makes the scalability of the highest-efficiency materials difficult. If conjugated polymers could be designed to exhibit both high efficiency and straightforward synthesis, the road to commercial reality would be more achievable. For that reason, a new synthetic approach was designed towards PTQ10 (=poly[(thiophene)-alt-(6,7-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)]). The new synthetic approach to make PTQ10 brought a significant reduction in cost (1/7th the original) and could also easily accommodate different side chains to move towards green processing solvents. Furthermore, high-efficiency organic solar cells were demonstrated with a PTQ10:Y6 blend exhibiting approximately 15 % efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy James Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Justin Neu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Stephanie Samson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Jordan Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Richard F Josey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
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15
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Babu NS, Vuai SAH. Theoretical studies of optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of D-A polymer monomers by Density Functional Theory (DFT). Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:224-237. [PMID: 34366700 PMCID: PMC8317939 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1956209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research article, the new donor–acceptor (D–A) monomers developed using 4-methoxy-9-methyl-9 H-carbazole (MMCB) as electron donors and various electron acceptors. DFT and TD-DFT methods at the level of B3LYP with a 6–311 G basis set in a gas and chloroform solvent were used to calculate electronic and optoelectronic properties. To dissect the relationship between the molecular and optoelectronic structures, the impacts of specific acceptors on the geometry of molecules and optoelectronic properties of these D–A monomers were discussed. The calculations are also carried out on HOMO–LUMO, atomic orbital densities. The calculated band gap Eg of the monomers considered increases 3,6-MMCB-OCP ≈ 3,6-MMCB-BCO < 3,6-MMCB-SDP < 3,6-MMCB-SCP < 3,6-MMCB-TCP < 3,6-MMCB-TDP < 3,6-MMCB-BCS < 3,6-MMCB-BCT in both in the gas and solvent phases. Subsequently, the optoelectrical properties of EHOMO, ELUMO, Eopt, and EB energies were critically updated. Compared to different monomers, the far lower Eg of the 3,6-MMCB-OCP and 3,6-CB-BCO has shown optoelectronic applications in organic solar cells like BHJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numbury Surendra Babu
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Said A H Vuai
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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16
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Li H, Komatsu R, Hankache J, Sasabe H, Lawson Daku LM, Özen B, Chen S, Hauser J, Hauser A, Decurtins S, Kido J, Liu SX. Bis(Triphenylamine)Benzodifuran Chromophores: Synthesis, Electronic Properties and Application in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Front Chem 2021; 9:721272. [PMID: 34368088 PMCID: PMC8333860 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.721272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bis(triphenylamine)benzodifuran chromophores have been synthesized and fully characterised. Starting from suitably functionalized benzodifuran (BDF) precursors, two triphenylamine (TPA) moieties are symmetrically coupled to a central BDF unit either at 4,8-positions through double bonds (1) and single bonds (2) respectively, or at 2,6-positions through double bonds (3). Their electronic absorption and photoluminescence properties as well as redox behaviour have been investigated in detail, indicating that the π-extended conjugation via vinyl linkers in 1 and 3 leads to comparatively strong electronic interactions between the relevant redox moieties TPA and BDF. Due to intriguing electronic properties and structural planarity, 3a has been applied as a dopant emitter in organic light-emitting diodes. A yellowish-green OLED exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.2%, thus exceeding the theoretical upper limit most likely due to energy transfer from an interface exciplex to an emissive layer and/or favorable horizontal orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ryutaro Komatsu
- Department of Organic Device Engineering Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jihane Hankache
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- Department of Organic Device Engineering Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Bilal Özen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Songjie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Junji Kido
- Department of Organic Device Engineering Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Socol M, Preda N. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1117. [PMID: 33925952 PMCID: PMC8145415 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuing growth in global energy consumption and the growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental pollution are the strongest drivers of renewable energy deployment. Solar energy is the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy source available. Nowadays, photovoltaic technologies can be regarded as viable pathways to provide sustainable energy generation, the achievement attained in designing nanomaterials with tunable properties and the progress made in the production processes having a major impact in their development. Solar cells involving hybrid nanocomposite layers have, lately, received extensive research attention due to the possibility to combine the advantages derived from the properties of both components: flexibility and processability from the organic part and stability and optoelectronics features from the inorganic part. Thus, this review provides a synopsis on hybrid solar cells developed in the last decade which involve composite layers deposited by spin-coating, the most used deposition method, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, a relatively new deposition technique. The overview is focused on the hybrid nanocomposite films that can use conducting polymers and metal phthalocyanines as p-type materials, fullerene derivatives and non-fullerene compounds as n-type materials, and semiconductor nanostructures based on metal oxide, chalcogenides, and silicon. A survey regarding the influence of various factors on the hybrid solar cell efficiency is given in order to identify new strategies for enhancing the device performance in the upcoming years.
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18
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Akahori S, Sasamori T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Enthalpically and Entropically Favorable Self-Assembly: Synthesis of C 4h -Symmetric Tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes by Regioselective Introduction of Pyridine Rings. Chemistry 2021; 27:5675-5682. [PMID: 33300177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of π-conjugated molecules in solution generally occurs owing to either an enthalpic or an entropic gain; however, designing π-conjugated systems that simultaneously exhibit enthalpically and entropically favorable self-assembly behavior is challenging. Herein, the self-assembly behavior of tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes is disclosed, which is driven by both enthalpy and entropy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that molecules of these tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes form face-to-face stacked dimers with a 1D columnar structure owing to the circularly arranged dipole moments. Importantly, concentration- and temperature-dependent 1 H NMR spectra revealed that the formation of self-assemblies of tetraazatetrathia[8]circulenes in chloroform and methanol is favored by both enthalpic and entropic factors. The unique association behavior is due to the presence of sp2 -hybridized nitrogen atoms, which weakly coordinate to the hydrogen atoms of these solvents and reduce the π-electron density of the circulene cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Akahori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058571, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648603, Japan
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19
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Tanudjaja A, Inagi S, Kitamura F, Takata T, Tomita I. An air-stable organometallic polymer containing titanafluorene moieties obtained by the Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polycondensation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3037-3043. [PMID: 33570054 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03663c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a polymer containing alternating titanafluorene and arylene ethynylene moieties is described. The polymerization of a 2,7-dibromo-9-titanafluorene derivative with 1,4-dioctyloxy-2,5-diethynylbenzene is carried out at 70 °C for 48 h in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of palladium dichloride/4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene as a catalyst and diisopropylamine as a base to produce a dark red polymer. The polymer thus obtained is soluble in organic solvents and stable towards both air and moisture. In the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the polymer, the absorption maxima (λmax) are observed at 321 nm and 395 nm, which are bathochromically shifted compared to those of a model compound of the repeating unit, a 2,7-bis(phenylethynyl)titanafluorene derivative (λmax = 309 nm and 364 nm). The optical band gap (Eg) of the polymer is estimated to be 2.8 eV on the basis of the absorption onset, which is narrower than that of the model compound (3.1 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tanudjaja
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.
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20
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Lu XJ, Zhang CR, Gong JJ, Wang W, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Optoelectronic properties of diathiafulvalene-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole-fullerene molecular dyad. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118767. [PMID: 32781404 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single component molecular dyad donor-acceptor junction is an important type of organic solar cells. Understanding the optoelectronic properties of molecular dyad plays the critical role to develop active layer materials for such kind of solar cells. Here, diathiafulvalene-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole-fullerene (DFDPP-Ful) was selected as the representative system, and the geometries, electronic structures and excitation properties of DFDPP-Ful monomer and dimer were systematically investigated based on extensive quantum chemistry calculations. The transition configurations and molecular orbitals show that the effective electron donor and acceptor are DFDPP and fullerene moieties, respectively. It also found the light harvesting is dominated by local excitation in DFDPP moiety. Meanwhile, the hybridization and quasi-degeneration between charge transfer (CT) and local excitation exist. The dimer data suggest that the increased excited states contribute to the expanding of absorption spectra, and the excitations exhibit both the intermolecular and intra-molecular CTs. Also, the remarkable CT energy differences among the different dimer models for the lowest CT excited states support the strong interface and energy disorder in such system. Therefore, the suggestions for developing molecular dyad of single component organic solar cells would be the combination of increasing light absorption, enhancing CT and local excitation hybridization, as well as suppressing energy and interface disorder by the aid of molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Ji-Jun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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21
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Ghosh S, Das S, Kumar C, Kumar NR, Agrawal AR, Karmakar HS, Ghosh NG, Zade SS. Triazole‐fused indolo[2,3‐
a
]carbazoles: synthesis, structures, and properties. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirina Ghosh
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Sarasija Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Himadri S. Karmakar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Nani Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia India
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22
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Bilger D, Park KW, Abdel-Maksoud A, Andrew TL. Guaiazulene revisited: a new material for green-processed optoelectronics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative polymerization of naturally-derived guaiazulene with earth-abundant iron oxidants produces a low bandgap polymer for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bilger
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Kwang-Won Park
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Ali Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Trisha L. Andrew
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
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23
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Zheng F, Komatsuzaki Y, Shida N, Nishiyama H, Inagi S, Tomita I. Te-Li Exchange Reaction of Tellurophene-Containing π-Conjugated Polymer as Potential Synthetic Tool for Functional π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900171. [PMID: 31373739 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the facts that tellurophene-containing π-conjugated polymers are obtainable from organotitanium polymers and that the tellurium atoms in the tellurophene derivatives can be transformed into lithium atoms, the synthesis of reactive lithiated polymer precursor and its transformations into some functionalized π-conjugated polymers are described. A regioregular organometallic polymer having 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadiene and 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl units is generated by the reaction of a tellurophene-containing polymer having the number-average molecular weight (Mn ) and molecular weight distribution (Mw /Mn ) of 5890 and 1.9, respectively, with n-butyllithium (2.4 equiv.) at -78 °C to -60 °C for 3 h. The lithiated polymer thus prepared is subjected to reactions with electrophiles to produce functionalized π-conjugated polymers. For example, a π-conjugated polymer possessing 1,4-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl unit is obtained in 67% yield by the reaction with tri-n-butyltin chloride (2.4 equiv.) at -60 °C to ambient temperature for 12 h in tetrahydrofuran, whose Mn and Mw /Mn are estimated as 7320 and 2.5, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography. The absorption maximum and onset of the obtained polymer are observed at 380 and 465 nm, respectively, in the UV-vis spectrum, from which the optical band gap of the polymer is estimated as 2.67 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komatsuzaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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24
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Ranathunge TA, Karunathilaka D, Ngo DT, Attanayake NH, Brodgon P, Delcamp JH, Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL. Radically Accessing D–A Type Ambipolar Copolymeric Materials with Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity and Visible–Near Infrared Absorption Via Electro‐Copolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharindu A. Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Dilan Karunathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | | | - Phillip Brodgon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - R. M. Gamini Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
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25
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Nakamura T, Shioya N, Hasegawa T, Murata Y, Murdey R, Wakamiya A. Phthalimide‐Based Transparent Electron‐Transport Materials with Oriented‐Amorphous Structures: Preparation from Solution‐Processed Precursor Films. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1396-1404. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shioya
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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26
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Sun L, Xu X, Song S, Zhang Y, Miao C, Liu X, Xing G, Zhang S. Medium‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymer Donors for Organic Photovoltaics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900074. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Shan Song
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yangqian Zhang
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Miao
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Macau Macao SAR 999078 China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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27
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Mothika VS, Sutar P, Verma P, Das S, Pati SK, Maji TK. Regulating Charge‐Transfer in Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2019; 25:3867-3874. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Papri Sutar
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Parul Verma
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit (TSU)School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Banglaore 560064 India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit (TSU)School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Banglaore 560064 India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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28
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Nguyen MT, Jones RA, Holliday BJ. Recent advances in the functional applications of conducting metallopolymers. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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He Y, Xiao M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Jiang L, Liu H, Zou Y. A new polymer field effect transistor based on fluorene derivative with fused furan rings. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy; Central South University; Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
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30
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Vardeny SR, Baniya S, Cromey B, Kieu K, Peyghambarian N, Vardeny ZV. Multiphoton Microscopy of π-Conjugated Copolymers and Copolymer/Fullerene Blends for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31813-31823. [PMID: 30192500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells based on π-conjugated copolymer/fullerene blends are devices with the highest power conversion efficiencies within the class of organic semiconductors. Although a number of image microscopies have been applied to films of π-conjugated copolymers and their fullerene blends, seldom have they been able to detect microscopic defects in the blend films. We have applied multiphoton microscopy (MPM) using a 65 fs laser at 1.56 μm for spectroscopy and mapping of films of various π-conjugated copolymers and their fullerene blends. All pristine copolymer films have shown third harmonic generation (THG) and two-photon or three-photon photoluminescence that could be used for mapping the films with micrometer spatial resolution. Since the fullerenes have much weaker THG efficiency than those of the copolymers, we could readily map the copolymer/fullerene blend films that showed interpenetrating micron-sized grains of the two constituents. In addition, we also found second harmonic generation from various micron-sized defects in the films that are formed during film deposition or light illumination at ambient conditions, which do not possess inversion symmetry. The MPM method is therefore beneficial for organic films and devices for investigating the properties and growth of copolymer/fullerene blends for OPV applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai R Vardeny
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Sangita Baniya
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Benjamin Cromey
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Khanh Kieu
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Nasser Peyghambarian
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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31
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Cansu-Ergun EG. Covering the More Visible Region by Electrochemical Copolymerization of Carbazole and Benzothiadiazole Based Donor-Acceptor Type Monomers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Huynh UNV, Basel TP, Ehrenfreund E, Vardeny ZV. Transient Magnetic Field Effect of Photoexcitations in Donor-Acceptor Organic Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4544-4549. [PMID: 30052444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report transient photoinduced absorption (t-PA) and magnetic field ( B)-dependent t-PA (t-MPA( B)) in a pristine low band gap π-conjugated copolymer composed of donor and acceptor moieties, namely, the poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thi-eno[3,4- b]thiophenediyl]]) (or PTB7) used in photovoltaic applications. Unlike traditional π-conjugated polymers in which the primary photoexcitations are singlet excitons (SE), in pristine PTB7 we find at short times coexistence of two primary photoexcitation species, namely, SE and triplet-triplet (TT) pair. Both species are photogenerated directly from the ground state and are spin-correlated. Although the TT pair decomposes into two separate triplet excitons (TEs) in ∼100 ps, the separated TE spins are still entangled up to ∼6 μs. At longer times, the t-MPA( B) response of the surviving TEs shows transient narrowing effect, which is attributed to a distribution of the TE size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen N V Huynh
- Physics and Astronomy Department , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Tek P Basel
- Physics and Astronomy Department , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Eitan Ehrenfreund
- Physics Department , Technion Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Zeev V Vardeny
- Physics and Astronomy Department , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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33
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Cao H, Bauer N, Bi S, Li D, You W, Rupar PA. Post-polymerization modification of phosphorus containing conjugated copolymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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34
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Jørgensen PB, Mesta M, Shil S, García Lastra JM, Jacobsen KW, Thygesen KS, Schmidt MN. Machine learning-based screening of complex molecules for polymer solar cells. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:241735. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bjørn Jørgensen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Murat Mesta
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Suranjan Shil
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juan Maria García Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karsten Wedel Jacobsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel N. Schmidt
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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35
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Zhong Y, Biniek L, Leclerc N, Ferry S, Brinkmann M. Segregated versus Disordered Stacking in Two Low Bandgap Alternated Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Impact of Polymorphism on Optical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhong
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Laure Biniek
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Cedex 2 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Ferry
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Cedex 2 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
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36
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Ibanez JG, Rincón ME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Chahma M, Jaramillo-Quintero OA, Frontana-Uribe BA. Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical–Chiral Sensors. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4731-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Ibanez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, 01219 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina. E. Rincón
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580, Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gutierrez-Granados
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito
de Rocha, 36080 Guanajuato, GTO Mexico
| | - M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero
- CONACYT-Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580 Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca 50200, Estado de México Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
exterior Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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37
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Patel SM, Pal K, Kumar PN, Deepa M, Sharada DS. Design and Synthesis of Novel Indole and Carbazole Based Organic Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: Theoretical Studies by DFT/TDDFT. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srilaxmi M. Patel
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy; Telangana- 502285 India
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy; Telangana- 502285 India
| | - P. Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy; Telangana- 502285 India
| | - Melepurath Deepa
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy; Telangana- 502285 India
| | - Duddu S. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy; Telangana- 502285 India
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38
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Ghosh S, Kumar NR, Zade SS. Effects of chalcogen atom variation in chalcogenadiazole fused indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04661h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chalcogen (O/S/Se)-induced intriguing variation of structural and optoelectronic properties in a series of chalcogenadiazole-fused indolo[2,3-a]carbazole donor–acceptor (D–A) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirina Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
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39
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Efficient benzodithiophene and thienopyrroledione containing random polymers as components for organic solar cells. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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41
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Bianchi G, Po R, Sassi M, Beverina L, Chiaberge S, Spera S, Cominetti A. Synthesis of Dithienocyclohexanones (DTCHs) as a Family of Building Blocks for π-Conjugated Compounds in Organic Electronics. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4347-4355. [PMID: 31457727 PMCID: PMC6641726 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development and widespread application of organic electronic devices require the availability of simple and cost-effective suitable materials. In this study, the preparation of a new class of conjugated compounds on the basis of a dithienocyclohexanone (DTCH) core is reported. Several synthetic strategies for the preparation of dialkyl DTCH derivatives are explored, with special emphasis on the establishment of a sustainable synthetic access. Two successful synthetic pathways, both consisting of five steps, are identified: the first one featuring readily available 3-thiophenecarboxaldeyde and the second one 3-ethynylthiophene as the starting materials. Both procedures are characterized by reasonably high overall yields (over 30%) and remarkably low E factors (<400). Preliminary evidences of the use of such building blocks in the micellar Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions leading to promising molecular semiconductors are also given. Moreover, on a small molecule containing DTCH moiety, solar cell performance was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bianchi
- Renewable
Energies & Environmental R&D Center - Istituto Guido Donegani, Eni S.p.A., Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Po
- Renewable
Energies & Environmental R&D Center - Istituto Guido Donegani, Eni S.p.A., Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Chiaberge
- Renewable
Energies & Environmental R&D Center - Istituto Guido Donegani, Eni S.p.A., Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Spera
- Renewable
Energies & Environmental R&D Center - Istituto Guido Donegani, Eni S.p.A., Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cominetti
- Renewable
Energies & Environmental R&D Center - Istituto Guido Donegani, Eni S.p.A., Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
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42
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Song X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li F, Bao X, Ding D, Sun M, Yang R. Fluorene Side-Chained Benzodithiophene Polymers for Low Energy Loss Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Institute
of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 261000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dakang Ding
- Institute
of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 261000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute
of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 261000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Huynh UNV, Basel TP, Ehrenfreund E, Li G, Yang Y, Mazumdar S, Vardeny ZV. Transient Magnetophotoinduced Absorption Studies of Photoexcitations in π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Copolymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:017401. [PMID: 28731770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have utilized a plethora of transient and steady state optical and magneto-optical spectroscopies in a broad spectral range (0.25-2.5 eV) for elucidating the primary and long-lived photoexcitations in a low band-gap π-conjugated donor-acceptor (DA) copolymer used for efficient photovoltaic solar cells. We show that both singlet excitons (SE) and intrachain triplet-triplet (TT) pairs are photogenerated in the DA-copolymer chains. From the picosecond transient magnetic field response of these species we conclude that the SE and TT spin states are coupled. The TT decomposition into two intrachain geminate triplet excitons maintains spin coherence and thus their spin entanglement lasts into the microsecond time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen N V Huynh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Tek P Basel
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Eitan Ehrenfreund
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Mazumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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44
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Cansu-Ergun EG. Chemical Insight Into Benzimidazole Containing Donor-Acceptor-Donor Type Π-Conjugated Polymers: Benzimidazole As An Acceptor. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1329210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gul Cansu-Ergun
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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45
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Cai Y, Huo L, Sun Y. Recent Advances in Wide-Bandgap Photovoltaic Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605437. [PMID: 28370466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs). Ongoing improvements in the power conversion efficiency of OSCs have been achieved, which were mainly attributed to the design and synthesis of novel conjugated polymers with different architectures and functional moieties. Among various conjugated polymers, the development of wide-bandgap (WBG) polymers has received less attention than that of low-bandgap and medium-bandgap polymers. Here, we briefly summarize recent advances in WBG polymers and their applications in organic photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as tandem, ternary, and non-fullerene solar cells. Addtionally, we also dissuss the application of high open-circuit voltage tandem solar cells in PV-driven electrochemical water dissociation. We mainly focus on the molecular design strategies, the structure-property correlations, and the photovoltaic performance of these WBG polymers. Finally, we extract empirical regularities and provide invigorating perspectives on the future development of WBG photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cai
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Heeger Beijing Research and Development Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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46
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Spicer CD, Booth MA, Mawad D, Armgarth A, Nielsen CB, Stevens MM. Synthesis of Hetero-bifunctional, End-Capped Oligo-EDOT Derivatives. Chem 2017; 2:125-138. [PMID: 28149959 PMCID: PMC5268340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated oligomers of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) are attractive materials for tissue engineering applications and as model systems for studying the properties of the widely used polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). We report here the facile synthesis of a series of keto-acid end-capped oligo-EDOT derivatives (n = 2-7) through a combination of a glyoxylation end-capping strategy and iterative direct arylation chain extension. Importantly, these structures not only represent the longest oligo-EDOTs reported but are also bench stable, in contrast to previous reports on such oligomers. The constructs reported here can undergo subsequent derivatization for integration into higher-order architectures, such as those required for tissue engineering applications. The synthesis of hetero-bifunctional constructs, as well as those containing mixed-monomer units, is also reported, allowing further complexity to be installed in a controlled manner. Finally, we describe the optical and electrochemical properties of these oligomers and demonstrate the importance of the keto-acid in determining their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Spicer
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marsilea A. Booth
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Damia Mawad
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Astrid Armgarth
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christian B. Nielsen
- Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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47
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Sui M, Li S, Pan Q, Sun G, Geng Y. Theoretical characterization on photoelectric properties of benzothiadiazole- and fluorene-based small molecule acceptor materials for the organic photovoltaics. J Mol Model 2017; 23:28. [PMID: 28078483 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The upper efficiency of heterojunction organic photovoltaics depends on the increased open-circuit voltage (V oc) and short-circuit current (J sc). So, a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level is necessary for organic acceptor material to possess higher V oc and more photons absorbsorption in the solar spectrum is needed for larger J sc. In this article, we theoretically designed some small molecule acceptors (2∼5) based on fluorene (F), benzothiadiazole, and cyano group (CN) referring to the reported acceptor material 2-[{7-(9,9-di-n-propyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl}methylene]malononitrile (1), the crucial parameters affecting photoelectrical properties of compounds 2∼5 were evaluated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. The results reveal that compared with 1, 3 and 4 could have the better complementary absorption spectra with P3HT, the increased LUMO level, the improved V oc, and the decreased electronic organization energy (λ e). From the simulation of transition density matrix, it is very clear that the excitons of molecules 3 and 4 are easier to separate in the material surface. Therefore, 3 and 4 may become potential acceptor candidates for organic photovoltaic cells. In addition, with the increased number of CN, the optoelectronic properties of the molecules show a regular change, mainly improve the LUMO level, energy gap, V oc, and absorption intensity. In summary, reasonably adjusting CN can effectively improve the photovoltaic properties of small molecule acceptors. Graphical Abstract Structure-property relationship of small molecule acceptors could be rationally evaluated in the article. The changes of conjugate length and CN are important strategies to alter the photovoltaic properties of small molecule acceptors. Therefore, taking the K12/1 as a reference, we have theoretically designed a series of small molecule acceptors (2-4). The calculated results by means of DFT and TDDFT manifest that molecules 3 and 4 have the better complementary absorption spectra with P3HT, the increased LUMO level, the improved V oc, the decreased electronic organization energy and the easier separation in the material surface than 1. In summary, reasonably increasing conjugate length and decreasing CN can effectively improve the PCE, which will provide a theoretical guideline for the design and synthesis of new small molecule acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Sui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.,Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Shuangbao Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Qingqing Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Guangyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
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48
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Saito H, Chen J, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Facile one-pot access to π-conjugated polymers via sequential bromination/direct arylation polycondensation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of π-conjugated polymers starting from unfunctionalized aromatic monomers via sequential bromination/direct arylation polycondensation was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Saito
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Jieran Chen
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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49
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Ghosh S, Das S, Kumar NR, Agrawal AR, Zade SS. Effect of heteroatom (S/Se) juggling in donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) fused systems: synthesis and electrochemical polymerization. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Planarization of donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) systems through N-bridges with systematic alteration of S/Se atom(s) resulted in interesting fluorosolvatochromic molecules and their electrochemical polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirina Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Sarasija Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
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Furan-containing conjugated polymers for organic solar cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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