1
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Balkan A, Sola E, Karasu F, Leterrier Y. Photocurable Thiol-Ene/Nanocellulose Elastomeric Composites for Bioinspired and Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:61144-61156. [PMID: 39445872 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Artificially prepared superhydrophobic surfaces toward a self-cleaning "lotus effect" and anticontamination performance have become critically important in the past few years. However, most approaches to create the required topology with a hierarchical roughness comprise several manufacturing steps of varying practicality. Moreover, the desired low surface energy is in most cases achieved with fluorinated moieties that are currently criticized due to biological and environmental hazards. In this work, rapidly photocuring but weak thiol-ene resins were reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to replicate lotus leaves via one-step UV nanoimprint lithography. The CNFs were surface-modified using countercation exchange of carboxyl groups and grafting of thiol and methacrylate functionalities. The formulation methodology resulted in free-flowing, shear-thinning composite resins without surfactants or dispersants. The rheological and photo-cross-linking behavior of the resins, the thermal stability, the mechanical performance, and the hydrophobicity of the cured composites were characterized. Notably, the surface modifications increased the as received fibril diameter (1.9 ± 0.6 nm) by 1.6-2.3 nm and raised the fibril-resin compatibility. The resins underwent rapid polymerization and the high thermal stability of thiol-enes was retained. The methacrylated nanofibrils (10 vol %) significantly strengthened the rubbery network, outperforming the neat thiol-ene polymer in terms of hardness (3.4×), reduced modulus (5.8×), and wear resistance (>100×). Moreover, the surface of lotus-texturized composites was superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 155°, higher than that of the neat polymer (147°), and was self-cleaning. These CNF composite resins are compatible with fast-cure processes such as 3D printing and roll-to-roll processing, are exempt of fluorine or any other hydrophobization treatment, and are extremely wear-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Balkan
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Sola
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Feyza Karasu
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Ricke A, Berk O, Koch T, Liska R, Baudis S. Cyclic Acetals as Expanding Monomers to Reduce Shrinkage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202414938. [PMID: 39255399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202414938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Polarity-reversal catalysts (PRCs) for hydrogen-atom transfer reactions have been known in radical chemistry for more than 60 years but are rarely described and utilized in the field of photopolymerization up to now. Herein, we present the use of thiols in a unique dual function as thiol-ene click reagents and as polarity-reversal catalyst (PRC) for the radical-mediated redox rearrangements of benzylidene acetals. During the rearrangement reaction, cyclic benzylidene acetals are transformed into benzoate esters leading to a significant volumetric expansion to reduce thermoset shrinkage. We were able to show that this expansion on a molecular level reduces shrinkage and polymerization stress but does not significantly affect the (thermo-)mechanical properties of the cross-linked networks. One of the key advantages of this process lies in its simplicity. No additives like sensitizers or combinations of different initiators (radical and cationic) are needed. Furthermore, the same light source can be used for both the polymerization reaction and expansion through rearrangement. Additionally, the applied photoinitiator enables spatial and temporal control of the polymerization; thus, the developed system can be an excellent platform for additive manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ricke
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar Berk
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Polymers for Biomaterials and 3D Printingh, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/308, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Polymers for Biomaterials and 3D Printingh, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Pezzana L, Fadlallah S, Giri G, Archimbaud C, Roppolo I, Allais F, Sangermano M. DLP 3D Printing of Levoglucosenone-Based Monomers: Exploiting Thiol-ene Chemistry for Bio-Based Polymeric Resins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301828. [PMID: 38837600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a well-established technique that allows for the development of complex geometries and structures with multiple applications. While considered a more environmentally-friendly method than traditional manufacturing, a significant challenge lies in the availability and ease of synthesis of bio-based alternative resins. In our endeavor to valorize biomass, this work proposes the synthesis of new α,ω-dienes derived from cellulose-derived levoglucosenone (LGO). These dienes are not only straightforward to synthesize but also offer a tunable synthesis approach. Specifically, LGO is first converted into diol precursor, which is subsequently esterified using various carboxylic acids (in this case, 3-butenoic, and 4-pentenoic acids) through a straightforward chemical pathway. The resulting monomers were then employed in UV-activated thiol-ene chemistry for digital light process (DLP). A comprehensive study of the UV-curing process was carried out by Design of Experiment (DoE) to evaluate the influence of light intensity and photoinitiator to find the optimal curing conditions. Subsequently, a thorough thermo-mechanical characterization highlighted the influence of the chemical structure on material properties. 3D printing was performed, enabling the fabrication of complex and self-stain structures with remarkable accuracy and precision. Lastly, a chemical degradation study revealed the potential for end-of-use recycling of the bio-based thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pezzana
- Dipartimento Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - German Giri
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Corentin Archimbaud
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Dipartimento Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
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4
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Ahmadi M, Ehrmann K, Koch T, Liska R, Stampfl J. From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3978-4020. [PMID: 38546847 PMCID: PMC11009961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Hosseinzadeh E, Bosques-Palomo B, Carmona-Arriaga F, Fabiani MA, Aguirre-Soto A. Fabrication of Soft Transparent Patient-Specific Vascular Models with Stereolithographic 3D printing and Thiol-Based Photopolymerizable Coatings. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300611. [PMID: 38158746 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
An ideal vascular phantom should be anatomically accurate, have mechanical properties as close as possible to the tissue, and be sufficiently transparent for ease of visualization. However, materials that enable the convergence of these characteristics have remained elusive. The fabrication of patient-specific vascular phantoms with high anatomical fidelity, optical transparency, and mechanical properties close to those of vascular tissue is reported. These final properties are achieved by 3D printing patient-specific vascular models with commercial elastomeric acrylic-based resins before coating them with thiol-based photopolymerizable resins. Ternary thiol-ene-acrylate chemistry is found optimal. A PETMP/allyl glycerol ether (AGE)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) coating with a 30/70% AGE/PEGDA ratio applied on a flexible resin yielded elastic modulus, UTS, and elongation of 3.41 MPa, 1.76 MPa, and 63.2%, respectively, in range with the human aortic wall. The PETMP/AGE/PEGDA coating doubled the optical transmission from 40% to 80%, approaching 88% of the benchmark silicone-based elastomer. Higher transparency correlates with a decrease in surface roughness from 2000 to 90 nm after coating. Coated 3D-printed anatomical replicas are showcased for pre-procedural planning and medical training with good radio-opacity and echogenicity. Thiol-click chemistry coatings, as a surface treatment for elastomeric stereolithographic 3D-printed objects, address inherent limitations of photopolymer-based additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Hosseinzadeh
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64849, México
| | - Beatriz Bosques-Palomo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64849, México
| | | | - Mario Alejandro Fabiani
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64710, México
| | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64849, México
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6
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Kainz M, Perak S, Stubauer G, Kopp S, Kauscheder S, Hemetzberger J, Martínez Cendrero A, Díaz Lantada A, Tupe D, Major Z, Hanetseder D, Hruschka V, Wolbank S, Marolt Presen D, Mühlberger M, Guillén E. Additive and Lithographic Manufacturing of Biomedical Scaffold Structures Using a Versatile Thiol-Ene Photocurable Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:655. [PMID: 38475341 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive and lithographic manufacturing technologies using photopolymerisation provide a powerful tool for fabricating multiscale structures, which is especially interesting for biomimetic scaffolds and biointerfaces. However, most resins are tailored to one particular fabrication technology, showing drawbacks for versatile use. Hence, we used a resin based on thiol-ene chemistry, leveraging its numerous advantages such as low oxygen inhibition, minimal shrinkage and high monomer conversion. The resin is tailored to applications in additive and lithographic technologies for future biofabrication where fast curing kinetics in the presence of oxygen are required, namely 3D inkjet printing, digital light processing and nanoimprint lithography. These technologies enable us to fabricate scaffolds over a span of six orders of magnitude with a maximum of 10 mm and a minimum of 150 nm in height, including bioinspired porous structures with controlled architecture, hole-patterned plates and micro/submicro patterned surfaces. Such versatile properties, combined with noncytotoxicity, degradability and the commercial availability of all the components render the resin as a prototyping material for tissue engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kainz
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | - Stjepan Perak
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | - Gerald Stubauer
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | - Sonja Kopp
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kauscheder
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | - Julia Hemetzberger
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | | | - Andrés Díaz Lantada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Disha Tupe
- Institute of Polymer Product Engineering, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Zoltan Major
- Institute of Polymer Product Engineering, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dominik Hanetseder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Hruschka
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mühlberger
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
| | - Elena Guillén
- Functional Surfaces and Nanostructures, Profactor GmbH, 4407 Steyr-Gleink, Austria
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7
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Elgoyhen J, Pirela V, Müller AJ, Tomovska R. Synthesis and Crystallization of Waterborne Thiol-ene Polymers: Toward Innovative Oxygen Barrier Coatings. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:8845-8858. [PMID: 37970532 PMCID: PMC10644330 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of waterborne thiol-ene polymer dispersions is challenging due to the high reactivity of thiol monomers and the premature thiol-ene polymerization that leads to high irreproducibility. By turning this challenge into an advantage, a synthesis approach of high solid content film-forming waterborne poly(thioether) prepolymers is reported based on initiator-free step growth sonopolymerization. Copolymerization of bifunctional thiol and ene monomers diallyl terephthalate, glycol dimercaptoacetate, glycol dimercaptopropionate, and 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol gave rise to linear poly(thioether) functional chains with molar mass ranging between 7 and 23 kDa when synthesized at 30% solid content and between 1 and 9 kDa at increased solid content of 50%. To further increase the polymers' molar mass, an additional photopolymerization step was performed in the presence of a water-soluble photoinitiator, i.e., lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate, leading to high molar mass chains of up to 200 kDa, the highest reported so far for step grown poly(thioethers). The polymer dispersions presented good film-forming ability at room temperature, yielding semicrystalline films with a high potential for barrier coating applications. Nevertheless, affected by the polymer chemical repeating structure, which includes an aromatic ring, these thiol-ene chains can only crystallize very slowly from the molten state. Herein, for the first time, we present the successful implementation of a self-nucleation (SN) procedure for these types of poly(thioethers), which effectively accelerates their crystallization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Elgoyhen
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Valentina Pirela
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hou D. Recent Progress of the Vat Photopolymerization Technique in Tissue Engineering: A Brief Review of Mechanisms, Methods, Materials, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3940. [PMID: 37835989 PMCID: PMC10574968 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization (VP), including stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and volumetric printing, employs UV or visible light to solidify cell-laden photoactive bioresin contained within a vat in a point-by-point, layer-by-layer, or volumetric manner. VP-based bioprinting has garnered substantial attention in both academia and industry due to its unprecedented control over printing resolution and accuracy, as well as its rapid printing speed. It holds tremendous potential for the fabrication of tissue- and organ-like structures in the field of regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the recent progress of VP in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. First, it introduces the mechanism of photopolymerization, followed by an explanation of the printing technique and commonly used biomaterials. Furthermore, the application of VP-based bioprinting in tissue engineering was discussed. Finally, the challenges facing VP-based bioprinting are discussed, and the future trends in VP-based bioprinting are projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- FuYang Sineva Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Dan Hou
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 102206, China
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9
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Rieger P, Pueschmann S, Haas M, Schmallegger M, Guedes de la Cruz G, Griesser T. Exploring Aromatic S-Thioformates as Photoinitiators. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071647. [PMID: 37050262 PMCID: PMC10097006 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiyl radicals were generated from aromatic S-thioformates by photolysis. The corresponding photo-initiated decarbonylation allows initiating polymerization reactions in both acrylate- and thiol-acrylate-based resin systems. Compared to aromatic thiols, the introduction of the photolabile formyl group prevents undesired reactions with acrylate monomers allowing photoinitiators (PIs) with constant reactivity over storage. To demonstrate the potential of S-thioformates as PIs, the bifunctional molecule S,S′-(thiobis(4,1-phenylene))dimethanethioate (2b) was synthesized, providing reactivity under visible light excitation. Consequently, acrylate-based formulations could successfully be processed by digital light processing (DLP)-based stereolithography at 405 nm in high resolution.
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10
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Thiol-divinylbenzene: a thiol-ene system with high storage stability. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Badria A, Hutchinson DJ, Sanz del Olmo N, Malkoch M. Acrylate‐free tough
3D
printable thiol‐ene thermosets and composites for biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Badria
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Hutchinson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Natalia Sanz del Olmo
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Kury M, Ehrmann K, Gorsche C, Dorfinger P, Koch T, Stampfl J, Liska R. Regulated acrylate networks as tough photocurable materials for additive manufacturing. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kury
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Dorfinger
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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13
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Exploring the advantages of oxygen-tolerant thiol-ene polymerization over conventional acrylate free radical photopolymerization processes for pressure-sensitive adhesives. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Wenzel F, Hamzehlou S, Gonzalez de San Roman E, Aguirre M, Leiza JR. Modeling the Kinetics and Microstructure of a Thermally Initiated Thiol‐Ene Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wenzel
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Shaghayegh Hamzehlou
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Estibaliz Gonzalez de San Roman
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Miren Aguirre
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Jose R. Leiza
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
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15
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Robinson LL, Self JL, Fusi AD, Bates MW, Read de Alaniz J, Hawker CJ, Bates CM, Sample CS. Chemical and Mechanical Tunability of 3D-Printed Dynamic Covalent Networks Based on Boronate Esters. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:857-863. [PMID: 35549203 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the scope of additive manufacturing broadens, interest has developed in 3D-printed objects that are derived from recyclable resins with chemical and mechanical tunability. Dynamic covalent bonds have the potential to not only increase the sustainability of 3D-printed objects, but also serve as reactive sites for postprinting derivatization. In this study, we use boronate esters as a key building block for the development of catalyst-free, 3D-printing resins with the ability to undergo room-temperature exchange at the cross-linking sites. The orthogonality of boronate esters is exploited in fast-curing, oxygen-tolerant thiol-ene resins in which the dynamic character of 3D-printed objects can be modulated by the addition of a static, covalent cross-linker with no room-temperature bond exchange. This allows the mechanical properties of printed parts to be varied between those of a traditional thermoset and a vitrimer. Objects printed with a hybrid dynamic/static resin exhibit a balance of structural stability (residual stress = 18%) and rapid exchange (characteristic relaxation time = 7 s), allowing for interfacial welding and postprinting functionalization. Modulation of the cross-linking density postprinting is enabled by selective hydrolysis of the boronate esters to generate networks with swelling capacities tunable from 1.3 to 3.3.
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16
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Podgórski M, Huang S, Bowman CN. Additive Manufacture of Dynamic Thiol-ene Networks Incorporating Anhydride-Derived Reversible Thioester Links. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12789-12796. [PMID: 33356106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A photoprintable dynamic thiol-ene resin was developed based on commercially available anhydride, thiol, and ene monomers. The dynamic chemistry chosen for this study relied on the thermal reversibility of the in situ generated thioester-anhydride links. The resin's rheological and curing properties were optimized to enable 3D printing using the masked stereolithography (MSLA) technique. To achieve a desirable depth of cure of 200 μm, a combination of radical photoinitiator (BAPO) and inhibitor (pyrogallol) were used at a weight ratio of 0.5 to 0.05, resulting in more than 90% thiol-ene conversion within 12 s curing time. In a series of stress relaxation and creep experiments, the dynamic reversible exchange was characterized and yielded rapid exchange rates ranging from minutes to seconds at temperatures of 80-140 °C. Little to no exchange was observed at temperatures below 60 °C. Various 3D geometries were 3D printed, and the printed objects were shown to be reconfigurable above 80 °C and depolymerizable at or above 120 °C. By deactivation of the exchange catalyst (DMAP), the stimuli responsiveness was demonstrated to be erasable, allowing for a significant shift in the actuation threshold. These highly enabling features of the dynamic chemistry open up new possibilities in the field of shape memory and 4D printable functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 5, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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17
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18
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Sutherland BP, Kabra M, Kloxin CJ. Expanding the Thiol-X Toolbox: Photoinitiation and Materials Application of the Acid-Catalyzed Thiol-ene (ACT) Reaction. Polym Chem 2021; 12:1562-1570. [PMID: 33815572 PMCID: PMC8011277 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed thiol-ene reaction (ACT) is a unique thiol-X conjugation strategy that produces S,X-acetal conjugates. Unlike the well-known radical-mediated thiol-ene and anion-mediated thiol-Michael reactions that produce static thioether bonds, acetals provide unique function for various fields such as drug delivery and protecting group chemistries; however, this reaction is relatively underutilized for creating new and unique materials owing to the unexplored reactivity over a broad set of substrates and potential side reactions. Solution-phase studies using a range of thiol and alkene substrates were conducted to evaluate the ACT reaction as a conjugation strategy. Substrates that efficiently undergo cationic polymerizations, such as those containing vinyl functional groups, were found to be highly reactive to thiols in the presence of catalytic amounts of acid. Additionally, sequential initiation of three separate thiol-X reactions (thiol-Michael, ACT, and thiol-ene) was achieved in a one-pot scheme simply by the addition of the appropriate catalyst demonstrating substrate selectivity. Furthermore, photoinitiation of the ACT reaction was achieved for the first time under 470 nm blue light using a novel photochromic photoacid. Finally, using multifunctional monomers, solid-state polymer networks were formed using the ACT reaction producing acetal crosslinks. The presence of S,X-acetal bonds results in an increased glass transition temperature of 20 °C as compared with the same polymeric film polymerized through the radical thiol-ene mechanism. This investigation demonstrates the broad impact of the ACT reaction and expands upon the diverse thiol-X library of conjugation strategies towards the development of novel materials systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Sutherland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mukund Kabra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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19
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Le CMQ, Morlet-Savary F, Chemtob A. Role of thiol oxidation by air in the mechanism of the self-initiated thermal thiol–ene polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the role of thiyl initiating radicals generated by air oxidation of thiols in the mechanism accounting for the self-initiation of thiol–ene polymerization. The driving force of this reaction is polarization of the S–H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
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20
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Le CMQ, Vidal L, Schmutz M, Chemtob A. Droplet nucleation in miniemulsion thiol–ene step photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reaction parameters, such as droplet size, initiator solubility and monomer solubility, which are important in favouring droplet nucleation in a miniemulsion thiol–ene step polymerization are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Vidal
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Marc Schmutz
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
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21
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Höglund M, Johansson M, Sychugov I, Berglund LA. Transparent Wood Biocomposites by Fast UV-Curing for Reduced Light-Scattering through Wood/Thiol-ene Interface Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46914-46922. [PMID: 32996762 PMCID: PMC7564099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transparent wood (TW) is an interesting polymer biocomposite with potential for buildings and photonics applications. TW materials need to be eco-friendly and readily processed with few defects, for high optical transmittance and low transmission scattering at wide angles (haze). Two wood templates with different lignin-content are impregnated with a new thiol-ene thermoset system. The more eco-friendly bleached wood template results in transparent wood with high optical transmission and much reduced transmission haze, due to strong reduction of interfacial air gaps. Characterization includes template composition, thiol-ene distribution, and polymerization in wood cell wall by EDX and confocal Raman microscopy, also NMR and DSC, tensile testing and FE-SEM fractography for morphology and wood/thiol-ene interface adhesion assessment. The wood template is a true nanocomposite with thiol-ene polymer located inside the nanoporous wood cell wall. Advanced TW applications require not only appropriate wood template modification and careful polymer matrix selection but also tailoring of the process to impregnation and polymerization mechanisms, in order to reduce optical defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Höglund
- Department of Fibre
and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Department of Fibre
and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department of Fibre
and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail:
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22
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Amato DN, Amato DV, Sandoz M, Weigand J, Patton DL, Visser CW. Programmable Porous Polymers via Direct Bubble Writing with Surfactant-Free Inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42048-42055. [PMID: 32805865 PMCID: PMC7503514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of macroporous polymers with functionally graded architecture or chemistry bears transformative potential in acoustic damping, energy storage materials, flexible electronics, and filtration but is hardly reachable with current processes. Here, we introduce thiol-ene chemistries in direct bubble writing, a recent technique for additive manufacturing of foams with locally controlled cell size, density, and macroscopic shape. Surfactant-free and solvent-free graded three-dimensional (3D) foams without drying-induced shrinkage were fabricated by direct bubble writing at an unparalleled ink viscosity of 410 cP (40 times higher than previous formulations). Functionalities including shape memory, high glass transition temperatures (>25 °C), and chemical gradients were demonstrated. These results extend direct bubble writing from aqueous inks to nonaqueous formulations at high liquid flow rates (3 mL min-1). Altogether, direct bubble writing with thiol-ene inks promises rapid one-step fabrication of functional materials with locally controlled gradients in the chemical, mechanical, and architectural domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia N. Amato
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Douglas V. Amato
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Michael Sandoz
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jeremy Weigand
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Derek L. Patton
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Claas Willem Visser
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics Group, Thermal
and Fluid Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Long KF, Bongiardina NJ, Mayordomo P, Olin MJ, Ortega AD, Bowman CN. Effects of 1°, 2°, and 3° Thiols on Thiol–Ene Reactions: Polymerization Kinetics and Mechanical Behavior. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Marc Schmutz
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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25
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Strohmeier L, Frommwald H, Schlögl S. Digital light processing 3D printing of modified liquid isoprene rubber using thiol-click chemistry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23607-23614. [PMID: 35517336 PMCID: PMC9054738 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04186f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastomer-based 3D objects with good resolution are fabricated by additive manufacturing of photo-reactive liquid rubber formulations with digital light processing.
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26
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Peer G, Eibel A, Gorsche C, Catel Y, Gescheidt G, Moszner N, Liska R. Ester-Activated Vinyl Ethers as Chain Transfer Agents in Radical Photopolymerization of Methacrylates. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Peer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yohann Catel
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent
AG, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent
AG, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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27
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Schoerpf S, Catel Y, Moszner N, Gorsche C, Liska R. Enhanced reduction of polymerization-induced shrinkage stress via combination of radical ring opening and addition fragmentation chain transfer. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The combination of vinylcyclopropanes with an ester-activated vinyl sulfonate ester in a light-induced radical polymerization shows high reactivity accompanied by a significant increase in conversion and it leads to an enhanced reduction of polymerization-induced shrinkage stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schoerpf
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Yohann Catel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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28
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Difunctional vinyl sulfonate esters for the fabrication of tough methacrylate-based photopolymer networks. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Orman S, Hofstetter C, Aksu A, Reinauer F, Liska R, Baudis S. Toughness enhancers for bone scaffold materials based on biocompatible photopolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Orman
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163, A‐1060, ViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Hofstetter
- Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/308, A‐1060, ViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Adem Aksu
- Karl Leibinger Medizintechnik GmbH & Co. KGKolbinger Str. 10, D‐78570, Mühlheim Germany
| | - Frank Reinauer
- Karl Leibinger Medizintechnik GmbH & Co. KGKolbinger Str. 10, D‐78570, Mühlheim Germany
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163, A‐1060, ViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163, A‐1060, ViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
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30
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Švajdlenková H, Šauša O, Mat́ko I, Koch T, Gorsche C. Investigating the Free-Volume Characteristics of Regulated Dimethacrylate Networks Below and Above Glass Transition Temperature. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švajdlenková
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers; Polymer Institute of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Department of Nuclear Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Igor Mat́ko
- Department of Metal Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien and Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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31
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Seidler K, Griesser M, Kury M, Harikrishna R, Dorfinger P, Koch T, Svirkova A, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Stampfl J, Moszner N, Gorsche C, Liska R. Vinyl Sulfonate Esters: Efficient Chain Transfer Agents for the 3D Printing of Tough Photopolymers without Retardation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9165-9169. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Seidler
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Markus Kury
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Reghunathan Harikrishna
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Dorfinger
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Anastasiya Svirkova
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Juergen Stampfl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG; Bendererstrasse 2 9494 Schaan Liechtenstein
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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32
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Seidler K, Griesser M, Kury M, Harikrishna R, Dorfinger P, Koch T, Svirkova A, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Stampfl J, Moszner N, Gorsche C, Liska R. Vinylsulfonatester: Effiziente Kettenübertragungsreagenzien für verzögerungsfreien 3D-Druck schlagzäher Photopolymere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Seidler
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa K1N6N5 Kanada
| | - Markus Kury
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Reghunathan Harikrishna
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Peter Dorfinger
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnologie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnologie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Anastasiya Svirkova
- Institut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Juergen Stampfl
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnologie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Österreich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG; Bendererstrasse 2 9494 Schaan Liechtenstein
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
| | - Robert Liska
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163-MC 1060 Vienna Österreich
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33
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Sycks DG, Wu T, Park HS, Gall K. Tough, stable spiroacetal thiol‐ene resin for 3D printing. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton G. Sycks
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityP.O. Box 90300, Hudson Hall, Durham North Carolina 27708
| | - Tiffany Wu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityFitzpatrick CIEMAS Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham North Carolina 27708
| | - Hyun Sang Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityP.O. Box 90300, Hudson Hall, Durham North Carolina 27708
| | - Ken Gall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDuke UniversityP.O. Box 90300, Hudson Hall, Durham North Carolina 27708
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityFitzpatrick CIEMAS Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham North Carolina 27708
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34
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Steindl J, Koch T, Moszner N, Gorsche C. Silane-Acrylate Chemistry for Regulating Network Formation in Radical Photopolymerization. Macromolecules 2017; 50:7448-7457. [PMID: 29033466 PMCID: PMC5637009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoinitiated silane-ene chemistry has the potential to pave the way toward spatially resolved organosilicon compounds, which might find application in biomedicine, microelectronics, and other advanced fields. Moreover, this approach could serve as a viable alternative to the popular photoinitiated thiol-ene chemistry, which gives access to defined and functional photopolymer networks. A difunctional bis(trimethylsilyl)silane with abstractable hydrogens (DSiH) was successfully synthesized in a simple one-pot procedure. The radical reactivity of DSiH with various homopolymerizable monomers (i.e., (meth)acrylate, vinyl ester, acrylamide) was assessed via 1H NMR spectroscopic studies. DSiH shows good reactivity with acrylates and vinyl esters. The most promising silane-acrylate system was further investigated in cross-linking formulations toward its reactivity (e.g., heat of polymerization, curing time, occurrence of gelation, double-bond conversion) and compared to state-of-the-art thiol-acrylate resins. The storage stability of prepared resin formulations is greatly improved for silane-acrylate systems vs thiol-ene resins. Double-bond conversion at the gel point (DBCgel) and overall DBC were increased, and polymerization-induced shrinkage stress has been significantly reduced with the introduction of silane-acrylate chemistry. Resulting photopolymer networks exhibit a homogeneous network architecture (indicated by a narrow glass transition) that can be tuned by varying silane concentration, and this confirms the postulated regulation of radical network formation. Similar to thiol-acrylate networks, this leads to more flexible photopolymer networks with increased elongation at break and improved impact resistance. Additionally, swelling tests indicate a high gel fraction for silane-acrylate photopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Steindl
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/308, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent
AG, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory
for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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35
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Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, Gurr M, Mülhaupt R. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10212-10290. [PMID: 28756658 PMCID: PMC5553103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1201] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Matthias Gurr
- H.
B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH, An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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36
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Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, Gurr M, Mülhaupt R. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 impact factor 2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias Gurr
- H. B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH, An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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37
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Steindl J, Svirkova A, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Moszner N, Gorsche C. Light-Triggered Radical Silane-Ene Chemistry Using a Monosubstituted Bis(trimethylsilyl)silane. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Steindl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Anastasiya Svirkova
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG; Bendererstrasse 2 9494 Schaan Liechtenstein
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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38
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Edler M, Mostegel FH, Roth M, Oesterreicher A, Kappaun S, Griesser T. Enhancing the stability of UV-curable thiol/vinyl carbonate resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Edler
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials & Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Florian H. Mostegel
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials & Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Meinhart Roth
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials & Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Andreas Oesterreicher
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials & Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Stefan Kappaun
- Durst Phototechnik DIT; Julius-Durst-Strasse 11 Lienz 9900 Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials & Christian Doppler Laboratory for Functional and Polymer Based Ink-Jet Inks; University of Leoben; Otto-Glöckel-Strasse 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
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39
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Švajdlenková H, Šauša O, Steindl J, Koch T, Gorsche C. Microstructural PALS study of regulated dimethacrylates: Thiol- versus β-allyl sulfone-based networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švajdlenková
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers; Polymer Institute of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava 845 41 Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Department of Nuclear Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava 845 11 Slovakia
| | - Johannes Steindl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
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40
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Jiang L, Xiong W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Huang X, Li D, Baldacchini T, Jiang L, Lu Y. Performance comparison of acrylic and thiol-acrylic resins in two-photon polymerization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:13687-701. [PMID: 27410383 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.013687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfabrication by two-photon polymerization is investigated using resins based on thiol-ene chemistry. In particular, resins containing different amounts of a tetrafunctional acrylic monomer and a tetrafunctional thiol molecule are used to create complex microstructures. We observe the enhancement of several characteristics of two-photon polymerization when using thiol-acrylic resins. Specifically, microfabrication is carried out using higher writing velocities and it produces stronger polymeric microstructures. Furthermore, the amount of shrinkage typically observed in the production of three-dimensional microstructures is reduced also. By means of microspectrometry, we confirm that the thiol-acrylate mixture in TPP resins promote monomer conversion inducing a higher degree of cross-linked network formation.
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41
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Jasinski F, Rannée A, Schweitzer J, Fischer D, Lobry E, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Schmutz M, Le Nouen D, Criqui A, Chemtob A. Thiol–Ene Linear Step-Growth Photopolymerization in Miniemulsion: Fast Rates, Redox-Responsive Particles, and Semicrystalline Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Schmutz
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Adrien Criqui
- Mäder
Research
- MÄDER GROUP, 130 rue de la
Mer Rouge, 68200 Mulhouse, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 rue
Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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42
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Gorsche C, Seidler K, Knaack P, Dorfinger P, Koch T, Stampfl J, Moszner N, Liska R. Rapid formation of regulated methacrylate networks yielding tough materials for lithography-based 3D printing. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl sulfone esters are described as a new class of AFCT reagents for methacrylate-based photopolymerization without the drawback of retardation but good regulation of network architecture. Resulting materials show low shrinkage stress and increased toughness. This paves the way for vinyl sulfone esters in lithography-based 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Konstanze Seidler
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Patrick Knaack
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Peter Dorfinger
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- Technische Universität Wien
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG
- 9494 Schaan
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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43
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Ligon-Auer SC, Schwentenwein M, Gorsche C, Stampfl J, Liska R. Toughening of photo-curable polymer networks: a review. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys relevant scientific papers and patents on the development of crosslinked epoxies and also photo-curable polymers based on multifunctional acrylates with improved toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon-Auer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | | | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- Vienna
- Austria
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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44
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Gauss P, Ligon-Auer SC, Griesser M, Gorsche C, Svajdlenkova H, Koch T, Moszner N, Liska R. The influence of vinyl activating groups on β-allyl sulfone-based chain transfer agents for tough methacrylate networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gauss
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Samuel Clark Ligon-Auer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Griesser
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Helena Svajdlenkova
- Polymer Institute of the Slovakian Academy of Science; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG; Bendererstrasse 2, 9494 Schaan Liechtenstein
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna Austria
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45
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Tähkä SM, Bonabi A, Nordberg ME, Kanerva M, Jokinen VP, Sikanen TM. Thiol-ene microfluidic devices for microchip electrophoresis: Effects of curing conditions and monomer composition on surface properties. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:233-40. [PMID: 26654831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-ene polymer formulations are raising growing interest as new low-cost fabrication materials for microfluidic devices. This study addresses their feasibility for microchip electrophoresis (MCE) via characterization of the effects of UV curing conditions and aging on the surface charge and wetting properties. A detailed comparison is made between stoichiometric thiol-ene (1:1) and thiol-ene formulations bearing 50% molar excess of allyls ("enes"), both prepared without photoinitiator or other polymer modifiers. Our results show that the surface charge of thiol-ene 1:1 increases along with increasing UV exposure dose until a threshold (here, about 200J/cm(2)), whereas the surface charge of thiol-ene 2:3 decreases as a function of increasing UV dose. However, no significant change in the surface charge upon storage in ambient air was observed over a period of 14 days (independent of the curing conditions). The water contact angles of thiol-ene 2:3 (typically 70-75°) were found to be less dependent on the UV dose and storing time. Instead, water contact angles of thiol-ene 1:1 slightly decrease (from initial 90 to 95° to about 70°) as a function of UV increasing exposure dose and storing time. Most importantly, both thiol-ene formulations remain relatively hydrophilic over extended periods of time, which favors their use in MCE applications. Here, MCE separation of biologically active peptides and selected fluorescent dyes is demonstrated in combination with laser-induced fluorescence detection showing high separation efficiency (theoretical plates 8200 per 4cm for peptides and 1500-2700 per 4cm for fluorescent dyes) and lower limits of detection in the sub-μM (visible range) or low-μM (near-UV range) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari M Tähkä
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashkan Bonabi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria-Elisa Nordberg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meeri Kanerva
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville P Jokinen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Tiina M Sikanen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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46
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Ligon SC, Seidler K, Gorsche C, Griesser M, Moszner N, Liska R. Allyl sulfides and α-substituted acrylates as addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents for methacrylate polymer networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Konstanze Seidler
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Griesser
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2; 9494 Schaan Liechtenstein
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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47
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Gorsche C, Koch T, Moszner N, Liska R. Exploring the benefits of β-allyl sulfones for more homogeneous dimethacrylate photopolymer networks. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difunctional β-allyl sulfones (DAS) are potent AFCT reagents for dimethacrylate photopolymer networks. Resultant materials show reduced shrinkage stress, higher storage modulus, and increased toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1040 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry
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48
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Belbakra Z, Cherkaoui ZM, Allonas X. Photocurable polythiol based (meth)acrylate resins stabilization: New powerful stabilizers and stabilization systems. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Calle M, Lligadas G, Ronda JC, Galià M, Cádiz V. An efficient nonisocyanate route to polyurethanes via thiol-ene self-addition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Calle
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Juan C. Ronda
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Marina Galià
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Virginia Cádiz
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona 43007 Spain
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White SR, Moore JS, Sottos NR, Krull BP, Santa Cruz WA, Gergely RCR. Restoration of Large Damage Volumes in Polymers. Science 2014; 344:620-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1251135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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