1
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Schauenburg D, Gao B, Rochet LNC, Schüler D, Coelho JAS, Ng DYW, Chudasama V, Kuan SL, Weil T. Macrocyclic Dual-Locked "Turn-On" Drug for Selective and Traceless Release in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314143. [PMID: 38179812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Drug safety and efficacy due to premature release into the bloodstream and poor biodistribution remains a problem despite seminal advances in this area. To circumvent these limitations, we report drug cyclization based on dynamic covalent linkages to devise a dual lock for the small-molecule anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT). Drug activity is "locked" within the cyclic structure by the redox responsive disulfide and pH-responsive boronic acid-salicylhydroxamate and turns on only in the presence of acidic pH, reactive oxygen species and glutathione through traceless release. Notably, the dual-responsive CPT is more active (100-fold) than the non-cleavable (permanently closed) analogue. We further include a bioorthogonal handle in the backbone for functionalization to generate cyclic-locked, cell-targeting peptide- and protein-CPTs, for targeted delivery of the drug and traceless release in triple negative metastatic breast cancer cells to inhibit cell growth at low nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schauenburg
- Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bingjie Gao
- Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Léa N C Rochet
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Darijan Schüler
- Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaime A S Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Y W Ng
- Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Wang X, Song Z, Wei S, Ji G, Zheng X, Fu Z, Cheng J. Polypeptide-based drug delivery systems for programmed release. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120913. [PMID: 34217020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing interests in the use of ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to prepare synthetic polypeptides, a class of biocompatible and versatile materials, for various biomedical applications. Because of their rich side-chain functionalities, diverse hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity profiles, and the capability of forming stable secondary structures, polypeptides can assemble into a variety of well-organized nano-structures that have unique advantages in drug delivery and controlled release. Herein, we review the design and use of polypeptide-based drug delivery system derived from NCA chemistry, and discuss the future perspectives of this exciting and important biomaterial area that may potentially change the landscape of next-generation therapeutics and diagnosis. Given the high significance of precise control over release for polypeptide-based systems, we specifically focus on the versatile designs of drug delivery systems capable of programmed release, through the changes in the chemical and physical properties controlled by the built-in molecular structures of polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shiqi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Guonan Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuetao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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3
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Xu Z, Pan C, Yuan W. Light-enhanced hypoxia-responsive and azobenzene cleavage-triggered size-shrinkable micelles for synergistic photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3348-3358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The micelles self-assembled from POEGMA-b-PCL-Azo-PCL-b-POEGMA present light-enhanced hypoxia-responsive and azobenzene cleavage-triggered size-shrinkable properties for synergistic photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangting Xu
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Chang Pan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular surgery
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
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4
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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5
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Gao Y, Dong CM. Triple redox/temperature responsive diselenide-containing homopolypeptide micelles and supramolecular hydrogels thereof. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ming Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhang L, Wu L, Cao Y, Wu Y, Chen J, Ni C. Studies on preparations and pH/redox responsiveness of zwitterionic nanomicelles of poly[lysine-co-N,N-bis(acryloyl)cystamine-co-dodecylamine]. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1354199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Luyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanlong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caihua Ni
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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7
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8
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Preparations of hyperbranched polymer nano micelles and the pH/redox controlled drug release behaviors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Davis TP. Glutathione responsive polymers and their application in drug delivery systems. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Materials which respond to biological cues are the subject of intense research interest due to their possible application in smart drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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10
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Huang J, Liang H, Cheng D, Lu J. Polypeptide–poly(ethylene glycol) miktoarm star copolymers with a fluorescently labeled core: synthesis, delivery and imaging of siRNA. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide–PEG miktoarm star copolymers with a fluorescently labeled core have been synthesized and exhibit dual functions of gene delivery and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Du Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Jiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
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11
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Reduction-responsive zwitterionic nanogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan for enhancing cellular uptake in drug release. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Wu L, Ni C, Zhang L, Shi G, Bai X, Zhou Y, He F. Surface Charge Convertible and Biodegradable Synthetic Zwitterionic Nanoparticles for Enhancing Cellular Drug Uptake. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:308-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Caihua Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Gang Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xue Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Yamin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Fei He
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
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14
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Zhu M, Xu Y, Ge C, Ling Y, Tang H. Synthesis and UCST-type phase behavior of OEGylated poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) in organic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
| | - Yanzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
| | - Chenglong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
| | - Ying Ling
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan Hunan 411105 China
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15
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Yu H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Chu Y, Zhuo R, Jiang X. pH- and β-cyclodextrin-responsive micelles based on polyaspartamide derivatives as drug carrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Department of Light Industry; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
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