1
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Xia L, Zhang Z, Hong CY, You YZ. Synthesis of copolymer via hybrid polymerization: From random to well-defined sequence. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Stößer T, Sulley GS, Gregory GL, Williams CK. Easy access to oxygenated block polymers via switchable catalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2668. [PMID: 31209211 PMCID: PMC6572807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated block polyols are versatile, potentially bio-based and/or degradable materials widely applied in the manufacture of coatings, resins, polyurethanes and other products. Typical preparations involve multistep syntheses and/or macroinitiator approaches. Here, a straightforward and well-controlled one-pot synthesis of ABA triblocks, namely poly(ether-b-ester-b-ether), and ABCBA pentablocks, of the form poly(ester-b-ether-b-ester’-b-ether-b-ester), using a commercial chromium catalyst system is described. The polymerization catalysis exploits mechanistic switches between anhydride/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization, epoxide ring-opening polymerization and lactone ring-opening polymerization without requiring any external stimuli. Testing a range of anhydrides, epoxides and chain-transfer agents reveals some of the requirements and guidelines for successful catalysis. Following these rules of switch catalysis with multiple monomer additions allows the preparation of multiblock polymers of the form (ABA)n up to 15 blocks. Overall, this switchable catalysis delivers polyols in a straightforward and highly controlled manner. As proof of potential for the materials, methods to post-functionalize and/or couple the polyols to make higher polymers are demonstrated. Multiblock oxygenated polyols often show better properties than the constituent polyols, but their synthesis can be complex and difficult. Here a switchable catalysis concept is described which allows for the efficient preparation of multiblock poly(ether-b-ester) materials starting from mixtures of common monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stößer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Gregory S Sulley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Georgina L Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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3
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Li B, Liu Y, Nie H, Qin A, Tang BZ. Phosphazene Base-Mediated Azide–Alkyne Click Polymerization toward 1,5-Regioregular Polytriazoles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Han Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Xia Y, Zhao J. Macromolecular architectures based on organocatalytic ring-opening (co)polymerization of epoxides. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Ladelta V, Kim JD, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Block Copolymers of Macrolactones/Small Lactones by a “Catalyst-Switch” Organocatalytic Strategy. Thermal Properties and Phase Behavior. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Roos K, Wirotius AL, Carlotti S. Dialkylmagnesium-Promoted Deprotonation of Protic Precursors for the Activated Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Roos
- Bordeaux INP; Univ. Bordeaux; CNRS; LCPO; UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Stéphane Carlotti
- Bordeaux INP; Univ. Bordeaux; CNRS; LCPO; UMR 5629 F-33600 Pessac France
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7
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Gradišar Š, Žagar E, Pahovnik D. Hybrid block copolymers of polyesters/polycarbonates and polypeptides synthesized via one-pot sequential ring-opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00835c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyester/polycarbonate-b-polypeptide hybrid block copolymers were synthesized by a sequential ring-opening polymerization in a one-pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Gradišar
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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8
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Phosphoniums as catalysts for metal-free polymerization: Synthesis of well-defined poly(propylene oxide). J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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10
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Zhao N, Ren C, Li H, Li Y, Liu S, Li Z. Selective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Non-Strained γ-Butyrolactone Catalyzed by A Cyclic Trimeric Phosphazene Base. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12987-12990. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Huaike Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
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11
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Zhao N, Ren C, Li H, Li Y, Liu S, Li Z. Selective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Non-Strained γ-Butyrolactone Catalyzed by A Cyclic Trimeric Phosphazene Base. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Huaike Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
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12
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Polymeropoulos G, Zapsas G, Ntetsikas K, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymers with Complex Architectures. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Polymeropoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Hassouna L, Illy N, Guégan P. Phosphazene/triisobutylaluminum-promoted anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1,2-epoxybutane initiated by secondary carbamates. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The deprotonation of secondary carbamates by tBuP2 in the presence of a Lewis acid allowed initiating the polymerization of 1,2-epoxybutane.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Hassouna
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
| | - N. Illy
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
| | - P. Guégan
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
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14
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Li H, Zhao N, Ren C, Liu S, Li Z. Synthesis of linear and star poly(ε-caprolactone) with controlled and high molecular weights via cyclic trimeric phosphazene base catalyzed ring-opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Linear and star PCLs with controlled and high molecular weights are efficiently prepared by a catalytic system of CTPB/alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaike Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
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15
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Cui S, Pan X, Gebru H, Wang X, Liu J, Liu J, Li Z, Guo K. Amphiphilic star-shaped poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and solution properties. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:679-690. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We firstly synthesized amphiphilic three-armed star-shaped poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers (s-PSar-b-PCLs), and investigated the solution properties and biocompatibility of the copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saide Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xianfu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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16
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Ladelta V, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Ring-opening polymerization of ω-pentadecalactone catalyzed by phosphazene superbases. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fast and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ω-pentadecalactone (PDL), a representative monomer of macrolactones, was achieved using a primary alcohol as the initiator and t-BuP4 or t-octP4 as the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viko Ladelta
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
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17
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Ottou WN, Sardon H, Mecerreyes D, Vignolle J, Taton D. Update and challenges in organo-mediated polymerization reactions. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Ajiro H, Haramiishi Y, Chanthaset N, Akashi M. Polymer design using trimethylene carbonate with ethylene glycol units for biomedical applications. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Romain C, Zhu Y, Dingwall P, Paul S, Rzepa HS, Buchard A, Williams CK. Chemoselective Polymerizations from Mixtures of Epoxide, Lactone, Anhydride, and Carbon Dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4120-31. [PMID: 27003333 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Controlling polymer composition starting from mixtures of monomers is an important, but rarely achieved, target. Here a single switchable catalyst for both ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones and ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides, anhydrides, and CO2 is investigated, using both experimental and theoretical methods. Different combinations of four model monomers-ε-caprolactone, cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, and carbon dioxide-are investigated using a single dizinc catalyst. The catalyst switches between the distinct polymerization cycles and shows high monomer selectivity, resulting in block sequence control and predictable compositions (esters and carbonates) in the polymer chain. The understanding gained of the orthogonal reactivity of monomers, specifically controlled by the nature of the metal-chain end group, opens the way to engineer polymer block sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Romain
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Paul Dingwall
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Shyeni Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Henry S Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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20
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Chen M, Cui Z, Edmondson S, Hodson N, Zhou M, Yan J, O'Brien P, Saunders BR. Photoactive composite films prepared from mixtures of polystyrene microgel dispersions and poly(3-hexylthiophene) solutions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8322-8332. [PMID: 26347070 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whilst polystyrene microgels belong to the oldest family of microgel particles, their behaviours when deposited onto substrates or prepared as composites have received little attention. Because polystyrene microgels are solvent-swellable, and inherently colloidally stable, they are well suited to form composites with conjugated polymers. Here, we investigate the morphology and light absorption properties of spin coated composite films prepared from mixed dispersions of polystyrene microgels and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) for the first time. We compare the morphologies of the composite films to spin coated microgel films. The films were studied using optical microscopy, SEM, AFM, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectroscopy. The films contained flattened microgel particles with an aspect ratio of ∼10. Microgel islands containing hexagonally close packed particles were evident for both the pure microgel and microgel/P3HT composite films. The latter were electrically conducting. The composite film morphology was dependent on the microgel and P3HT concentration used for film preparation and a morphology phase diagram was constructed. The P3HT phase acted as an electrically conducting cement and increased the robustness of the films to solvent washing. The composite films were photoactive due to the P3HT component. The absorbance for the films was tuneable and increased linearly with both microgel and P3HT concentration. The results of the study should apply to other organic swellable microgel/conjugated polymer combinations and may lead to new colloidal composites for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhengxing Cui
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Steve Edmondson
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nigel Hodson
- BioAFM Facility, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mi Zhou
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute for Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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22
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Dentzer L, Bray C, Noinville S, Illy N, Guégan P. Phosphazene-Promoted Metal-Free Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,2-Epoxybutane Initiated by Secondary Amides. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Dentzer
- Sorbonne
Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Bray
- Sorbonne
Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Noinville
- Sorbonne
Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8233, MONARIS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Illy
- Sorbonne
Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Sorbonne
Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
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23
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Olsén P, Odelius K, Keul H, Albertsson AC. Macromolecular Design via an Organocatalytic, Monomer-Specific and Temperature-Dependent "On/Off Switch". High Precision Synthesis of Polyester/Polycarbonate Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015; 48:1703-1710. [PMID: 26294800 PMCID: PMC4535708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The employment of a monomer-specific "on/off switch" was used to synthesize a nine-block copolymer with a predetermined molecular weight and narrow distribution (Đ = 1.26) in only 2.5 h. The monomers consisted of a six-membered cyclic carbonate (i.e., 2-allyloxymethyl-2-ethyl-trimethylene carbonate (AOMEC)) and ε-caprolactone (εCL), which were catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]-dec-5-ene (TBD). The dependence of polymerization rate with temperature was different for the two monomers. Under similar reaction conditions, the ratio of the apparent rate constant of AOMEC and εCL [kpapp(AOMEC)/kpapp(εCL)] changes from 400 at T = -40 °C to 50 at T = 30 °C and 10 at T = 100 °C. Therefore, by decreasing the copolymerization temperature from 30 °C to -40 °C, the conversion of εCL can be switched "off", and by increasing the temperature to 30 °C, the conversion of εCL can be switched "on" again. The addition of AOMEC at T = -40 °C results in the formation of a pure carbonate block. The cyclic addition of AOMEC to a solution of εCL along with a simultaneous temperature change leads to the formation of multiblock copolymers. This result provides a new straightforward synthetic route to degradable multiblock copolymers, yielding new interesting materials with endless structural possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsén
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI
− Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Zhao J, Hadjichristidis N. Polymerization of 5-alkyl δ-lactones catalyzed by diphenyl phosphate and their sequential organocatalytic polymerization with monosubstituted epoxides. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-pot sequential organocatalytic polymerization reactions of 5-alkyl δ-lactones and monosubstituted epoxides were carried out using the base→acid “catalyst switch” strategy, leading to well-defined polyether–polyester block copolymers with various alkyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- People's Republic of China 510640
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955
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25
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Iatridi Z, Lencina MMS, Tsitsilianis C. PNIPAM-based heteroarm star-graft quarterpolymers: synthesis, characterization and pH-dependent thermoresponsiveness in aqueous media. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of PSn(P2VP-b-PAA-g-PNIPAM)n heteroarm star-graft quarterpolymers, the thermoresponsiveness of which is strongly dependent on pH ionic strength, and their macromolecular features, e.g. arm number and grafting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharoula Iatridi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
| | | | - Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Patras
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences ICE/HT-FORTH
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