1
|
Parkatzidis K, Boner S, Wang HS, Anastasaki A. Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed ATRP of Renewable Monomers in Low-Toxicity Solvents: A Greener Approach. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:841-846. [PMID: 35731694 PMCID: PMC9301913 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Producing polymers from renewable resources via more sustainable approaches has become increasingly important. Herein we present the polymerization of monomers obtained from biobased renewable resources, employing an environmentally friendly photoinduced iron-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in low-toxicity solvents. We demonstrate that renewable monomers can be successfully polymerized into sustainable polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molar mass distributions (Đ as low as 1.17). This is in contrast to reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, arguably the most commonly employed method to polymerize biobased monomers, which led to poorer molecular weight control and higher dispersities for these specific monomers (Đs ∼ 1.4). The versatility of our approach was further highlighted by the temporal control demonstrated through intermittent "on/off" cycles, controlled polymerizations of a variety of monomers and chain lengths, oxygen-tolerance, and high end-group fidelity exemplified by the synthesis of block copolymers. This work highlights photoinduced iron-catalyzed ATRP as a powerful tool for the synthesis of renewable polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- -Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Silja Boner
- -Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Suk Wang
- -Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- -Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Ji H, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang R. Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of dimethyl itaconate initiated by a new azo initiator: AIBME. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13347-13351. [PMID: 35520115 PMCID: PMC9066447 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) was used to synthesize poly(dimethyl itaconate) (PDMI) using an AIBME/CuBr2/dNbpy system. The number average molecular weight (M n) of PDMI was as high as M n = 15 000 g mol-1, the monomer conversion rate reached up to 70%, and the dispersity remained low (Đ = 1.06-1.38). The first-order kinetics of PDMI are discussed in detail. The AIBME initiator had a higher initiation efficiency than the AIBN initiator. As the ratio of initiator (AIBME) to catalyst (CuBr2) decreased, the M n and Đ of PDMI decreased. At 60 °C and 80 °C, the M n of PDMI was much higher than the theoretical number average (M n,th), and the Đ of PDMI broadened with the conversion rate. At 100 °C, the Đ of PDMI remained low, and the M n of PDMI was closer to the M n,th. As the ratio of monomer (DMI) to initiator (AIBME) increased, the M n of PDMI changed little over time. These phenomena could be explained by the influence of the initiator and catalyst on polymerization kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - HaiJun Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palà M, Woods SE, Hatton FL, Lligadas G. RDRP (Meth)acrylic Homo and Block Polymers from Lignocellulosic Sugar Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palà
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Sarah E. Woods
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rittinghaus RD, Karabulut A, Hoffmann A, Herres‐Pawlis S. Nachtaktiv: Eisen‐Guanidin‐Komplex katalysiert ROP auf der schlafenden Seite der ATRP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D. Rittinghaus
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Aylin Karabulut
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Sonja Herres‐Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rittinghaus RD, Karabulut A, Hoffmann A, Herres‐Pawlis S. Active in Sleep: Iron Guanidine Catalyst Performs ROP on Dormant Side of ATRP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21795-21800. [PMID: 34270162 PMCID: PMC8518923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers are the answer to property limitations of homopolymers. In order to use the full variety of monomers available, catalysts active in more than one polymerization mechanism are currently investigated. Iron guanidine catalysts have shown to be extraordinarily active in ROP of lactide and herein prove their versatility by also promoting ATRP of styrene. The presented iron complex is the first polymerizing lactide and styrene simultaneously to a defined block copolymer in a convenient one-pot synthesis. Both mechanisms work hand in hand with ROP using the dominantly present FeII species on the dormant side of the ATRP equilibrium. This orthogonal copolymerization by a benign iron catalyst opens up new pathways to biocompatible polymerization procedures broadening the scope of ATRP applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D. Rittinghaus
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| | - Aylin Karabulut
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| | - Sonja Herres‐Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1a52074AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sollka L, Lienkamp K. Progress in the Free and Controlled Radical Homo- and Co-Polymerization of Itaconic Acid Derivatives: Toward Functional Polymers with Controlled Molar Mass Distribution and Architecture. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000546. [PMID: 33270308 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric derivatives of itaconic acid are becoming increasingly more interesting for research and industry because itaconic acid is accessible from renewable resources. In spite of the structural similarity of poly(itaconic acid derivatives) to poly(methacrylates), they are much less reactive, homopolymerize only sluggishly by free radical polymerization (FRP), and are often obtained with low molar masses and conversions. This has so far limited their use. The reasons for the low reactivity of itaconic acid derivatives (including itaconimides, diitaconates, and diitaconamides) are combined steric and electronic effects, as demonstrated by the body of literature on the FRP homopolymerization kinetics of these monomers which is summarized herein. These problems can be solved to a large extent by using controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques, notably atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). By optimizing the reaction conditions for the ATRP and RAFT of itaconic acid derivatives, in particular the reaction temperature, linear relations between molar mass and conversion are obtained in many cases, and homopolymers with high molar masses and reasonably narrow polydispersity indices become accessible. This review presents the state-of-the-art FRP and CRP of itaconic acid derivatives, and highlights functional polymers obtained by these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Sollka
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scholten PBV, Moatsou D, Detrembleur C, Meier MAR. Progress Toward Sustainable Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000266. [PMID: 32686239 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent focus of media and governments on renewability, green chemistry, and circular economy has led to a surge in the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers. In this review, focussing on renewable monomers for reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP), it is highlighted that for the majority of the monomers and polymers reported, the claim to renewability is not always accurate. By closely examining the sustainability of synthetic routes and the renewability of starting materials, fully renewable monomers are identified and discussed in terms of sustainability, polymerization behavior, and properties obtained after polymerization. The holistic discussion considering the overall preparation process of polymers, that is, monomer syntheses, origin of starting materials, solvents used, the type of RDRP technique utilized, and the purification method, allows to highlight certain topics which need to be addressed in order to progress toward not only (partially) renewable, but sustainable monomers and polymers using RDRPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B V Scholten
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum MZE, Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tajbakhsh S, Hajiali F, Marić M. Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization of Bio-Based Methacrylates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Tajbakhsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| | - Faezeh Hajiali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St. Montreal, H3A 0C5 Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Synthesis and characterization of various block copolymers using PMMA-Br macroinitiator. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
Park SA, Jeon H, Kim H, Shin SH, Choy S, Hwang DS, Koo JM, Jegal J, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX. Sustainable and recyclable super engineering thermoplastic from biorenewable monomer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2601. [PMID: 31197142 PMCID: PMC6565616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and health concerns force the search for sustainable super engineering plastics (SEPs) that utilise bio-derived cyclic monomers, e.g. isosorbide instead of restricted petrochemicals. However, previously reported bio-derived thermosets or thermoplastics rarely offer thermal/mechanical properties, scalability, or recycling that match those of petrochemical SEPs. Here we use a phase transfer catalyst to synthesise an isosorbide-based polymer with a high molecular weight >100 kg mol-1, which is reproducible at a 1-kg-scale production. It is transparent and solvent/melt-processible for recycling, with a glass transition temperature of 212 °C, a tensile strength of 78 MPa, and a thermal expansion coefficient of 23.8 ppm K-1. Such a performance combination has not been reported before for bio-based thermoplastics, petrochemical SEPs, or thermosets. Interestingly, quantum chemical simulations show the alicyclic bicyclic ring structure of isosorbide imposes stronger geometric restraint to polymer chain than the aromatic group of bisphenol-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul-A Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Shin
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choy
- Devision of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Devision of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggeon Jegal
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Replacing petro-based materials with renewably sourced ones has clearly been applied to polymers, such as those derived from itaconic acid (IA) and its derivatives. Di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI) was (co)polymerized via nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) to impart elastomeric (rubber) properties. Homopolymerization of DBI by NMP was not possible, due to a stable adduct being formed. However, DBI/styrene (S) copolymerization by NMP at various initial molar feed compositions fDBI,0 was polymerizable at different reaction temperatures (70–110 °C) in 1,4 dioxane solution. DBI/S copolymerizations largely obeyed first order kinetics for initial DBI compositions of 10% to 80%. Number-average molecular weight (Mn) versus conversion for various DBI/S copolymerizations however showed significant deviations from the theoretical Mn as a result of chain transfer reactions (that are more likely to occur at high temperatures) and/or the poor reactivity of DBI via an NMP mechanism. In order to suppress possible intramolecular chain transfer reactions, the copolymerization was performed at 70 °C and for a longer time (72 h) with fDBI,0 = 50%–80%, and some slight improvements regarding the dispersity (Ð = 1.3–1.5), chain activity and conversion (~50%) were observed for the less DBI-rich compositions. The statistical copolymers produced showed a depression in Tg relative to poly(styrene) homopolymer, indicating the effect of DBI incorporation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Schoon I, Kluge M, Eschig S, Robert T. Catalyst Influence on Undesired Side Reactions in the Polycondensation of Fully Bio-Based Polyester Itaconates. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120693. [PMID: 30965993 PMCID: PMC6418628 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based unsaturated polyester resins derived from itaconic acid can be an alternative to established resins of this type in the field of radical-curing resins. However, one of the challenges of these polyester itaconates is the somewhat more elaborate synthetic process, especially under polycondensation conditions used on an industrial scale. The α,β-unsaturated double bond of the itaconic acid is prone to side reactions that can lead to the gelation of the polyester resin under standard conditions. This is especially true when bio-based diols such as 1,3-propanediol or 1,4-butanediol are used to obtain resins that are 100% derived from renewable resources. It was observed in earlier studies that high amounts of these aliphatic diols in the polyester lead to low conversion and gelation of the resins. In this work, a catalytic study using different diols was performed in order to elucidate the reasons for this behavior. It was shown that the choice of catalyst has a crucial influence on the side reactions occurring during the polycondensation reactions. In addition, the side reactions taking place were identified and suppressed. These results will allow for the synthesis of polyester itaconates on a larger scale, setting the stage for their industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schoon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research⁻Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Marcel Kluge
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research⁻Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Steven Eschig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research⁻Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Robert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research⁻Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahire M, Mhaske SB. Synthesis of Succinimide Derivatives by NHC-Catalyzed Stetter Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with N-Substituted Itaconimides. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6598-6604. [PMID: 31457257 PMCID: PMC6644805 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed intermolecular Stetter reaction of aromatic aldehydes with N-substituted itaconimides has been developed. A delicate balance between the Stetter reaction and the competing isomerization of the itaconimide double bond has been achieved in this operationally simple reaction to afford valuable new succinimide derivatives containing 1,4 and 1,5 dicarbonyl scaffolds in good to excellent yields. The reaction tolerates variable substituents on both aldehydes and N-substituted itaconimides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milind
M. Ahire
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Pune 411008, India
| | - Santosh B. Mhaske
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar S, Krishnan S, Samal SK, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Itaconic acid used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of renewable resource-based resins and polyesters for future prospective: a review. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sukhila Krishnan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sushanta K Samal
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sanjay K Nayak
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Llevot A. Sustainable Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Plant Oil-Based Thermosets. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
17
|
Wang J, Yuan L, Wang Z, Rahman MA, Huang Y, Zhu T, Wang R, Cheng J, Wang C, Chu F, Tang C. Photoinduced Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Biomass-Based Monomers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Wang
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Laboratory
for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210042, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ruibo Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Laboratory
for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical
Industry of Forest Products, CAF; National Engineering Laboratory
for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical
Engineering, SFA; Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matsumoto A, Yamamoto D. Radical copolymerization ofN-phenylmaleimide and diene monomers in competition with diels-alder reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-Cho Naka-Ku, Sakai-Shi Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka City University; 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Billing M, Schacher FH. ATRP of tert-Butoxycarbonylaminomethyl acrylate (tBAMA): Well-Defined Precursors for Polyelectrolytes of Tunable Charge. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Billing
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg
7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg
7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|