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Yamamoto A, Ikarashi T, Fukuma T, Suzuki R, Nakahata M, Miyata K, Tanaka M. Ion-specific nanoscale compaction of cysteine-modified poly(acrylic acid) brushes revealed by 3D scanning force microscopy with frequency modulation detection. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5027-5036. [PMID: 36504747 PMCID: PMC9680925 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes adapt their physico-chemical properties according to pH and ion concentrations of the solution in contact. We synthesized a poly(acrylic acid) bearing cysteine residues at side chains and a lipid head group at the terminal, and incorporated them into a phospholipid monolayer deposited on a hydrophobic silane monolayer. The ion-specific, nanoscale response of polyelectrolyte brushes was detected by using three-dimensional scanning force microscopy (3D-SFM) combined with frequency modulation detection. The obtained topographic and mechanical landscapes indicated that the brushes were uniformly stretched, undergoing a gradual transition from the brush to the bulk electrolyte in the absence of divalent cations. When 1 mM calcium ions were added, the brushes were uniformly compacted, exhibiting a sharper brush-to-bulk transition. Remarkably, the addition of 1 mM cadmium ions made the brush surface significantly rough and the mechanical landscape highly heterogeneous. Currently, cadmium-specific nanoscale compaction of the brushes is attributed to the coordination of thiol and carboxyl side chains with cadmium ions, as suggested for naturally occurring, heavy metal binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Yamamoto
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Takahiko Ikarashi
- Division of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Division of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyata
- Division of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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2
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Rambarran T, Sheardown HD. Block copolymer synthesis using free-radical polymerization and thiol-maleimide 'click' conjugation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34631-34635. [PMID: 35494753 PMCID: PMC9042902 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of making block copolymers utilizing free-radical polymerization and subsequent polymer conjugation is described. A disulphide functional radical initiator was used to polymerize methacrylic acid and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid. After purification, the disulphide bond of the end group was cleaved, revealing a thiol group which was used for subsequent conjugation to a polylactide containing the complementary maleimide functional group. The method is versatile and can be applied to the synthesis of various block copolymers without requiring the use of controlled/living radical polymerization methods. A versatile method of making block copolymers using conventional radical polymerization of acrylic monomers from a functional radical initiator followed by ‘click’ ligation is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Talena Rambarran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Heather D Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
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Luo Z, Ye H, Hu J, Hu T, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xu L. Synthesis of a pyrene‐functionalized hyperbranched polyethylene ternary copolymer for efficient graphite exfoliation in chloroform and formation of
ethylene‐vinyl acetate
/graphene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Luo
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Huijian Ye
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Te Hu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Xuanhe Zhang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
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4
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rGO/GO Nanosheets in Tribology: From the State of the Art to the Future Prospective. LUBRICANTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants8030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, in the lubricant industry, the request for new performing additives has been becoming imperative. In this scenario, control at the nanoscale can be the key factor for the improvement of more efficient nanolubricants. Herein, after a discussion about the nanoparticles’ four main lubrication mechanisms, considerable attention is devoted to the usage of reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide (rGO/GO) nanosheets in tribology. Moreover, graphene surface functionalization is reviewed, also including unexplored results in the field of lubrication. As far as the literature is concerned, it can be postulated that rGO/GO nanosheets can reduce wear and friction. Wear reduction is obtained by deposition and film formation, while friction reduction is related more to the shear and lamination of the sheets on the contacting surfaces. Nevertheless, the two phenomena are interrelated and work in sync. In this context, it is of high importance to form a homogenous suspension for a continuous nanosheet supply after deposition and shearing. The focus of this review was placed on the main issues still to be overcome, e.g., the literature results in rationalization; dispersion stability enhancement; and finding the optimum concentration in the delicate balance of different components. Possible solutions for their efficient overcoming are eventually reported.
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Mariconda A, Agovino A, Sirignano M, Guadagno L. Strong Interaction with Carbon Filler of Polymers Obtained by Pyrene Functionalized Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd Generation Catalyst. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081261. [PMID: 31366081 PMCID: PMC6723616 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst that has the alkylidene functionalized with pyrene (HG2pyrene) was synthesized and characterized. This catalyst can be bound to carbonaceous filler (graphite, graphene or carbon nanotubes) by π-stacking interaction, but, since the catalytic site become poorly accessible to the incoming monomer, its activity in the ROMP (Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization) is reduced. This is due to the fact that the above interaction also occurs with the aryl groups of NHC ligand of the ruthenium, as demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance and by fluorescence analysis of a solution of the catalyst with a molecule that simulated the structure of graphene. Very interesting results were obtained using HG2pyrene as a catalyst in the ROMP of 2-norbornene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The activity of this catalyst was the same as that obtained with the classical commercial HG2. Obviously, the polymers obtained with catalyst HG2pyrene have a pyrene as a chain end group. This group can give a strong π-stacking interaction with carbonaceous filler, producing a material that is able to promote the dispersion of other materials such as graphite in the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaluisa Mariconda
- Dipartimento di Scienze (DIS), Università della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Anna Agovino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia (DCB), Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Marco Sirignano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia (DCB), Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Liberata Guadagno
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Xu D, Gao Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Jiang Z, Jiang X, Zhang H. A Novel Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Dispersant: Polyaryletherketones with Pendent Pyrene Groups. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High‐Performance PolymerJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High‐Performance PolymerJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High‐Performance PolymerJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High‐Performance PolymerJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High‐Performance PolymerJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High‐Performance PolymerJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Gkermpoura SS, Papadimitriou KD, Skountzos EN, Polyzos I, Pastore Carbone MG, Kotrotsos A, Mavrantzas VG, Galiotis C, Tsitsilianis C. 3-Arm star pyrene-functional PMMAs for efficient exfoliation of graphite in chloroform: fabrication of graphene-reinforced fibrous veils. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:915-931. [PMID: 30298899 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
3-Arm PMMAs end-functionalized by pyrene were designed as dispersing/stabilizing agents for the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite in low-boiling point solvents like chloroform. The synthetic procedure comprised ARGET ATRP controlled polymerization, click chemistry and the quaternization reaction of triazole, ensuring tailor-made, well-defined pyrene-functional star PMMAs. Among a series of different pyrene-functional macromolecular topologies, the (PMMA-py2)3 proved the most efficient exfoliation agent giving relatively high graphene concentration (0.36 mg ml-1) at exceptionally low polymer/graphite mass ratio (mP/mGF = 0.003) and short sonication time (3 h). A 5-cycle iterative procedure relying on the redispersion of the sediment was developed yielding CG = 1.29 mg ml-1 with 14.8% exfoliation yield, under the favorable conditions of 10.5 h total shear mixing/tip sonication time and overall mP/mGF ratio as low as 0.15. In parallel, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were conducted which helped understand the mechanism by which pyrene-functional macromolecular topologies act as efficient dispersing agents of graphene. Finally the G@(PMMA-Py)3 hybrids were well dispersed into the PMMA matrix by electrospinning to fabricate graphene-based nanocomposite fibrous veils. These graphene/polymer nanocomposites exhibited enhanced stiffness and strength by a factor of 4.4 with 1.5 wt% graphene hybrids as nanofillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Gkermpoura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universty of Patras, GR - 26504, Patras, Greece.
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8
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Zeng M, Shah SA, Huang D, Parviz D, Yu YH, Wang X, Green MJ, Cheng Z. Aqueous Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene Assisted by Sulfonyl Graphene Quantum Dots for Photonic Crystal Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30797-30804. [PMID: 28816428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the π-π stacking of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with graphene surfaces, showing that such interactions are general across a wide range of PAH sizes and species, including graphene quantum dots. We synthesized a series of graphene quantum dots with sulfonyl, amino, and carboxylic functional groups and employed them to exfoliate and disperse pristine graphene in water. We observed that sulfonyl-functionalized graphene quantum dots were able to stabilize the highest concentration of graphene in comparison to other functional groups; this is consistent with prior findings by pyrene. The graphene nanosheets prepared showed excellent colloidal stability, indicating great potential for applications in electronics, solar cells, and photonic displays which was demonstrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Zeng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Smit A Shah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dali Huang
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Yu
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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9
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Parviz D, Yu Z, Verkhoturov S, Green MJ, Hedden RC. Gradient Films of Pristine Graphene/Pyrene-Functional Copolymers with Janus Electrical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31813-31821. [PMID: 27801571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first preparation of polymer-supported pristine graphene thin films with dramatically different electrical conductivities on the top and bottom surfaces. Pyrene-functional stabilizers based on polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) were first synthesized by copolymerization of their monomers with 1-pyrenemethyl methacrylate. Stable dispersions of pristine graphene nanosheets were prepared by sonication of graphite in chloroform solutions of the pyrene-functional copolymers. Vacuum filtration of the polymer-stabilized graphene dispersions through a porous PTFE filter produces films with an internal gradient in nanosheet concentration. This gradient graphene concentration results in an electrically conductive, graphene-rich surface on one side of the composite film and a nonconductive, polymer-rich surface on its other side. Electrical conductivities ranging from 60 to 194 S/m are measured on the graphene-rich surface, which are among the highest conductivities reported for pristine graphene/polymer composites. Through scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry characterization, these films were found to contain three distinct layers: a polymer-rich top surface, a transition layer with a gradient in nanosheet concentration, and a buckypaper-like bottom layer consisting of densely packed, highly oriented graphene nanosheets. The gradient structure of these films and their Janus-like electrical conductivity has potential applications in graded coatings for radiofrequency and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Parviz
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Stanislav Verkhoturov
- Materials Characterization Facility, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ronald C Hedden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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10
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Papadimitriou KD, Skountzos EN, Gkermpoura SS, Polyzos I, Mavrantzas VG, Galiotis C, Tsitsilianis C. Molecular Modeling Combined with Advanced Chemistry for the Rational Design of Efficient Graphene Dispersing Agents. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:24-29. [PMID: 35668598 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene-functional PMMAs were prepared via ATRP-controlled polymerization and click reaction, as efficient dispersing agents for the exfoliation of few-layered graphene sheets (GS) in easily processable low boiling point chloroform. In parallel, detailed atomistic simulations showed fine dispersion of the GS/polymer hybrids in good agreement with the experiment. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulations revealed interesting conformations (bridges, loops, dangling ends, free chains) of GS/polymer hybrids and allowed us to monitor their time evolution both in solution and in the polymer nanocomposite where the solvent molecules were replaced with PMMA chains. Microscopic information about these structures is very important for optimizing mechanical performance. It seems that the combination of atomistic simulation with advanced chemistry constitutes a powerful tool for the design of effective graphene dispersing agents that could be used for the production of graphene-based nanocomposites with tailor-made mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinia D. Papadimitriou
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N. Skountzos
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sandra S. Gkermpoura
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Polyzos
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Patras, Greece
- Particle
Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH-Z, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Constantinos Tsitsilianis
- Foundation
of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., P.O. Box 1414, GR 26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Patras, Greece
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