1
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Parkerson ZJ, Prozorovska L, Vasuta MP, Oddo TD, Jennings GK. Simultaneous Spin Coating and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization for the Rapid Synthesis of Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16754-16766. [PMID: 38517314 PMCID: PMC10995903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly controlled technique for the synthesis of polymer films atop a substrate by combining spin coating with ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), herein termed spin coating ROMP (scROMP). The scROMP approach combines polymer synthesis and deposition into one process, fabricating films of up to 36 cm2 in under 3 min with orders-of-magnitude reduction in solvent usage. This method can convert numerous norbornene-type molecules into homopolymers and random copolymers as uniform films on both porous and nonporous substrates. Film thickness can be varied from a few hundred nanometers to a few tens of micrometers based on spin speed and monomer concentration. The resulting polymers possess high MW (>100 kDa) and low polydispersity (PDI) (<1.2) values that are similar to ROMP polymers made in solution. We also devise a model to investigate the balance between convective monomer spin-off and polymer growth from the surface, which allows the determination of critical kinetic parameters for scROMP. Finally, translation of scROMP to porous supports enables the synthesis of thin film composite membranes that demonstrate the ability to dehydrate ethanol by pervaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane J. Parkerson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Liudmyla Prozorovska
- Interdisciplinary
Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Matthew P. Vasuta
- Interdisciplinary
Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Tyler D. Oddo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - G. Kane Jennings
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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2
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Bekmirzaev J, Simon M, D'Aniello S, Mazzeo M, Cohen-Janes SJ, Mathers RT, Gauvin RM, Thomas CM. A New Life For Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Co-Harnessing Metathesis And Condensation For Reincorporation Into Bio-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319414. [PMID: 38295149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Efficient plastic recycling processes are crucial for the production of value-added products or intermediates. Here, we present a multicatalytic route that allows the degradation of nitrile-butadiene rubber, cross-metathesis of the formed oligomers, and polymerization of the resulting dicarboxylic acids with bio-based diols, providing direct access to unsaturated polyesters. This one-pot approach combines the use of commercially available catalysts that are active and selective under mild conditions to synthesize renewable copolymers without the need to isolate intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakhongir Bekmirzaev
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Malaury Simon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sara D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, SA-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, SA-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sander J Cohen-Janes
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania, 15068, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Robert T Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania, 15068, USA
| | - Régis M Gauvin
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe M Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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3
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Schwab S, Baur M, Nelson TF, Mecking S. Synthesis and Deconstruction of Polyethylene-type Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2327-2351. [PMID: 38408312 PMCID: PMC10941192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene deconstruction to reusable smaller molecules is hindered by the chemical inertness of its hydrocarbon chains. Pyrolysis and related approaches commonly require high temperatures, are energy-intensive, and yield mixtures of multiple classes of compounds. Selective cleavage reactions under mild conditions (
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
T. Schwab
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Baur
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Taylor F. Nelson
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Ibrahim T, Ritacco A, Nalley D, Emon OF, Liang Y, Sun H. Chemical recycling of polyolefins via ring-closing metathesis depolymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1361-1371. [PMID: 38213307 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The current insufficient recycling of commodity polymer waste has resulted in pressing environmental and human health issues in our modern society. In the quest for next-generation polymer materials, chemists have recently shifted their attention to the design of chemically recyclable polymers that can undergo depolymerization to regenerate monomers under mild conditions. During the past decade, ring-closing metathesis reactions have been demonstrated to be a robust approach for the depolymerization of polyolefins, producing low-strain cyclic alkene products which can be repolymerized back to new batches of polymers. In this review, we aim to highlight the recent advances in chemical recycling of polyolefins enabled by ring-closing metathesis depolymerization (RCMD). A library of depolymerizable polyolefins will be covered based on the ring size of their monomers or depolymerization products, including five-membered, six-membered, eight-membered, and macrocyclic rings. Moreover, current limitations, potential applications, and future opportunities of the RCMD approach will be discussed. It is clear from recent research in this field that RCMD represents a powerful strategy towards closed-loop chemical recycling of novel polyolefin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Angelo Ritacco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Daniel Nalley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Omar Faruk Emon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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5
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Choi J, Shin KH, Han YK. Origin of Li + Solvation Ability of Electrolyte Solvent: Ring Strain. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6995. [PMID: 37959592 PMCID: PMC10650738 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing new organic solvents to support the use of Li metal anodes in secondary batteries is an area of great interest. In particular, research is actively underway to improve battery performance by introducing fluorine to ether solvents, as these are highly compatible with Li metal anodes because fluorine imparts high oxidative stability and relatively low Li-ion solvation ability. However, theoretical analysis of the solvation ability of organic solvents mostly focuses on the electron-withdrawing capability of fluorine. Herein, we analyze the effect of the structural characteristics of solvents on their Li+ ion solvation ability from a computational chemistry perspective. We reveal that the structural constraints imposed on the oxygen binding sites in solvent molecules vary depending on the structural characteristics of the N-membered ring formed by the interaction between the organic solvent and Li+ ions and the internal ring containing the oxygen binding sites. We demonstrate that the structural strain of the organic solvents has a comparable effect on Li+ solvation ability seen for the electrical properties of fluorine elements. This work emphasizes the importance of understanding the structural characteristics and strain when attempting to understand the interactions between solvents and metal cations and effectively control the solvation ability of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Advanced Energy and Electronic Materials Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Hee Shin
- ESS Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 102 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Advanced Energy and Electronic Materials Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
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6
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Zhang L, Wu L, Liu J, Chen K, Li Y. Iridoids and derivatives from Catalpa ovata with their antioxidant activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105599. [PMID: 37391161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Six new iridoid derivatives (1-6),together with twelve known compounds (7-18), were isolated and identified from the dried fruits of Catalpa ovata G. Don. Their chemical structures were mainly established through the relative spectroscopic data, while the absolute configurations of compounds 2 and 3 were elucidated on the electronic circular dichroism calculations. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by activating the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway in 293 T cells in vitro. Among them, Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6-8, 10-12, 14, 15, 17 and 18 showed significant Nrf2 agonistic effect compared with the control group at 25 μM. Finally, The hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for 1-13 was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Corti V, Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Kristensen A, Jessen NI, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Thermal [4 + 4] Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1448-1459. [PMID: 36603159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral eight-membered carbocycles are important motifs in organic chemistry, natural product chemistry, chemical biology, and medicinal chemistry. The lack of synthetic methods toward their construction is a challenge preventing their rational design and stereoselective synthesis. The catalytic enantioselective [4 + 4] cycloaddition is one of the most straightforward and atom-economical methods to obtain chiral cyclooctadiene derivatives. We report the first organocatalytic asymmetric [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 9H-fluorene-1-carbaldehydes with electron-deficient dienes affording cyclooctadiene derivatives in good yields and with excellent control of peri-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. The reaction concept is based on the aminocatalytic formation of a polarized butadiene component incorporated into a cyclic extended π-system, with restricted conformational freedom, allowing for a stereocontrolled [4 + 4] cycloaddition. FMO analysis unveiled that the HOMO and LUMO of the two reacting partners resemble those of butadiene. The methodology allows for the construction of cyclooctadiene derivatives decorated with various functionalities. The cyclooctadienes were synthetically elaborated, allowing for structural diversity demonstrating their synthetic utility for the formation of, for example, chiral cyclobutene- or cyclooctane scaffolds. DFT computational studies shed light on the reaction mechanism identifying the preference for an initial but reversible [4 + 2] cycloaddition delivering an off-cycle catalyst resting state, from which catalyst elimination is not possible. The off-cycle catalyst-bound intermediate undergoes a retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by a [4 + 4] cycloaddition generating a cycloadduct from which catalyst elimination is possible. The reaction pathway accounts for the observed peri-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity of the organocatalytic [4 + 4] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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8
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Sathe D, Chen H, Wang J. Regulating the Thermodynamics and Thermal Properties of Depolymerizable Polycyclooctenes through Substituent Effects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200304. [PMID: 35686515 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical recycling to monomer (CRM) is a promising route for transitioning to a circular polymer economy. To develop new CRM systems with useful properties, it is important to understand the effects of monomer structure on polymerization/depolymerization behavior. In earlier work, this group demonstrated chemically recyclable polymers prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of trans-cyclobutane fused cyclooctenes (tCBCO). Here, it is investigated how different substituents on cyclobutane impact the thermodynamics and thermal properties of tCBCO polymers. Introducing additional substituents to a cis-diester functionalized tCBCO is found to favor the conversion of polymerization; increased polymerization conversion is also observed when the cis-diester is isomerized into its trans counterpart. The effects of these structural features on the thermal properties are also studied. These findings can provide important insights into designing next-generation CRM polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devavrat Sathe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
| | - Hanlin Chen
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
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9
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Wu YC, Fan HZ, Zhang W, Wang MY, Cai Z, Zhu JB. Biobased Bifunctional Monomers toward Functionalizable Polycarbonates and Poly(cyclic olefin)s with Tunable Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chen Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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10
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Johnson AM, Husted KEL, Kilgallon LJ, Johnson JA. Orthogonally deconstructable and depolymerizable polysilylethers via entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8496-8499. [PMID: 35818904 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02718f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel polysilylethers via entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) of cyclic bifunctional silyl ether-based monomers is reported. These polymers display good thermal stability and ultra-low Tg (-88 °C). Moreover, they are rapidly deconstructable via the cleavage of the silicon-oxygen linkages with acid or fluoride triggers, and they were partially depolymerizable by the addition of exogenous metathesis catalyst. Analysis of the deconstructed polymer products provided insight into the polymer microstructure, showing that the ED-ROMP process was regiorandom. Altogether, this work offers a new class of deconstructable polymers with a range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Keith E L Husted
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Landon J Kilgallon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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Coia BM, Werner SE, Kennemur JG. Conformational bias in density functional theory ring strain energy calculations of cyclopentene derivatives: Towards predictive design of chemically recyclable elastomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Sarah E. Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
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12
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Martínez A, Zárate-Saldaña D, Vargas J, Santiago AA. Unsaturated Copolyesters from Macrolactone/Norbornene: Toward Reaction Kinetics of Metathesis Copolymerization Using Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094521. [PMID: 35562910 PMCID: PMC9102099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated copolyesters are of great interest in polymer science due to their broad potential applications and sustainability. Copolyesters were synthesized from the ring-opening metathesis copolymerization of ω-6-hexadecenlactone (HDL) and norbornene (NB) using ruthenium-alkylidene [Ru(Cl2)(=CHPh)(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)(PCy3)] (Ru1), [Ru(Cl)2(=CHPh)(PCy3)2] (Ru2), and ruthenium-vinylidene [RuCl2(=C=CH(p-C6H4CF3))(PCy3)2] (Ru3) catalysts, respectively, yielding HDL-NB copolymers with different ratios of the monomer HDL in the feed. The activity of N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC) (Ru1) and phosphine (Ru2 and Ru3) ligands containing ruthenium-carbene catalysts were evaluated in the synthesis of copolymer HDL-NB. The catalysts Ru1 with an NHC ligand showed superior activity and stability over catalysts Ru2 and Ru3 bearing PCy3 ligands. The incorporation of the monomers in the copolymers determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy was similar to that of the HDL-NB values in the feed. Experiments, at distinct monomer molar ratios, were carried out using the catalysts Ru1–Ru3 to determine the copolymerization reactivity constants by applying the Mayo–Lewis and Fineman–Ross methods. The copolymer distribution under equilibrium conditions was studied by the 13C NMR spectra, indicating that the copolymer HDL-NB is a gradient copolymer. The main factor determining the decrease in melting temperature is the inclusion of norbornene units, indicating that the PNB units permeate trough the HDL chains. The copolymers with different molar ratios [HDL]/[NB] have good thermal stability up to 411 °C in comparison with the homopolymer PHDL (384 °C). Further, the stress–strain measurements in tension for these copolymers depicted the appreciable increment in stress values as the NB content increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex. Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia C.P. 58190, Michoacán, Mexico; (D.Z.-S.); (A.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5559042697
| | - Daniel Zárate-Saldaña
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex. Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia C.P. 58190, Michoacán, Mexico; (D.Z.-S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Joel Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex. Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia C.P. 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - Arlette A. Santiago
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex. Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia C.P. 58190, Michoacán, Mexico; (D.Z.-S.); (A.A.S.)
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13
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Shi C, Clarke RW, McGraw ML, Chen EYX. Closing the "One Monomer-Two Polymers-One Monomer" Loop via Orthogonal (De)polymerization of a Lactone/Olefin Hybrid. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2264-2275. [PMID: 35084829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two well-known low-ceiling-temperature (LCT) monomers, γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) toward ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to polyester and cyclohexene toward ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to poly(cyclic olefin), are notoriously "nonpolymerizable". Here we present a strategy to render not only polymerizability of both the γ-BL and cyclohexene sites, orthogonally, but also complete and orthogonal depolymerization, through creating an LCT/LCT hybrid, bicyclic lactone/olefin (BiL=). This hybrid monomer undergoes orthogonal polymerization between ROP and ROMP, depending on the catalyst employed, affording two totally different classes of polymeric materials from this single monomer: polyester P(BiL=)ROP via ROP and functionalized poly(cyclic olefin) P(BiL=)ROMP via ROMP. Intriguingly, both P(BiL=)ROP and P(BiL=)ROMP are thermally robust but chemically recyclable under mild conditions (25-40 °C), in the presence of a catalyst, to recover cleanly the same monomer via chain unzipping and scission, respectively. In the ROP, topological and stereochemical controls have been achieved and the structures characterized. Furthermore, the intact functional group during the orthogonal polymerization (i.e., the double bond in ROP and the lactone in ROMP) is utilized for postfunctionalization for tuning materials' thermal and mechanical performances. The impressive depolymerization orthogonality further endows selective depolymerization of both the ROP/ROMP copolymer and the physical blend composites into the same starting monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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14
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Sathe D, Zhou J, Chen H, Schrage BR, Yoon S, Wang Z, Ziegler CJ, Wang J. Depolymerizable semi-fluorinated polymers for sustainable functional materials. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00240j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemically recyclable semi-fluorinated polymers are demonstrated for the first time, and the hydrophobicity, self-assembly, and post-polymerization functionalization of these polymers are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devavrat Sathe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Hanlin Chen
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Briana R. Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Seiyoung Yoon
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | | | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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15
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Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, Sabbe MK, D’hooge DR. Connecting Gas-Phase Computational Chemistry to Condensed Phase Kinetic Modeling: The State-of-the-Art. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3027. [PMID: 34577928 PMCID: PMC8467432 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, quantum chemical calculations (QCC) have increased in accuracy, not only providing the ranking of chemical reactivities and energy barriers (e.g., for optimal selectivities) but also delivering more reliable equilibrium and (intrinsic/chemical) rate coefficients. This increased reliability of kinetic parameters is relevant to support the predictive character of kinetic modeling studies that are addressing actual concentration changes during chemical processes, taking into account competitive reactions and mixing heterogeneities. In the present contribution, guidelines are formulated on how to bridge the fields of computational chemistry and chemical kinetics. It is explained how condensed phase systems can be described based on conventional gas phase computational chemistry calculations. Case studies are included on polymerization kinetics, considering free and controlled radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, and polymer degradation. It is also illustrated how QCC can be directly linked to material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Maarten K. Sabbe
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT), Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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16
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A Review on Olefin Metathesis Reactions as a Green Method for the Synthesis of Organic Compounds. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/3590613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Olefin metathesis is a metal-mediated C-C bond exchange by which the two fragments within the olefin precursor are redistributed as a result of breaking the double bond to obtain a new product. Currently, most of the synthetic organic compounds, polymers, drugs, plastics, and other synthetic materials are synthesized via the application of olefin metathesis reactions. In this review, different types of olefin metathesis reactions with their plausible mechanisms and their application in synthetic organic chemistry have been discussed.
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17
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Subnaik S, Sheridan K, Hobbs CE. Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a New Monomer Derived from a Nitroso Diels–Alder Reaction. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selesha Subnaik
- Department of Chemistry Sam Houston State University Huntsville TX 77340 USA
| | - Katya Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry Sam Houston State University Huntsville TX 77340 USA
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18
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Yarolimek MR, Bookbinder HR, Coia BM, Kennemur JG. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of δ-Pinene: Well-Defined Polyolefins from Pine Sap. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:760-766. [PMID: 35549097 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Well-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of δ-pinene is reported. The monomer is produced through a facile, metal-free, three-step synthesis from highly abundant and sustainable α-pinene. Using Grubbs third-generation catalyst, δ-pinene undergoes ROMP to high conversion (>95%) with molar mass up to 70 kg mol-1 and narrow dispersity (<1.2). A highly regioregular propagation mechanism was concluded by NMR spectroscopic analysis that revealed a head-to-tail (HT, >95%) microstructure and high trans content (>98%). Successful ROMP is corroborated with density functional theory calculations on δ-pinene's ring strain energy (∼35 kJ mol-1). Poly(δ-pinene) has a high glass transition temperature (∼104 °C) and a unique chiral microstructure bearing gem-dimethylcyclobutane rings. Controlled ROMP also allowed the synthesis of block copolymers containing segments of poly(δ-pinene) and polynorbornene which are discussed. Finally, bulk polymerization of δ-pinene is possible, indicating a greener approach to these materials, albeit with some loss of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Yarolimek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Heather R. Bookbinder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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19
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Sonoda T, Kobayashi S, Tanaka M. Periodically Functionalized Linear Polyethylene with Tertiary Amino Groups via Regioselective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Sonoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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20
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Yasir M, Kilbinger AFM. Cascade Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Metathesis Polymerization of a Monomer Containing a Norbornene and a Cyclohexene Ring. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:210-214. [PMID: 35570788 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Norbornene is polymerized extremely fast when reacted with Grubbs' first (G1) or third generation catalyst (G3) because of its very high ring strain energy. Cyclohexene, on the other hand, cannot be polymerized using G1 or G3 due to its very low ring strain energy. Subsequently, the sequence-selective polymerization of these two monomers is extremely challenging. A sequence-selective cascade ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis polymerization of the monomer M containing both the norbornene and the cyclohexene ring using G1 or G3 is reported. The polymer structure was analyzed by 1H NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and 1H-1H ROESY spectroscopy and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Polymers with moderate molecular weight dispersities and good molecular weight control were achieved by varying the ratio between monomer M and G1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F. M. Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
A comprehensive review of all the methodologies developed for the synthesis of telechelic polyolefins is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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22
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Jones BH, Staiger C, Powers J, Herman JA, Román-Kustas J. Selectively Depolymerizable Polyurethanes from Unsaturated Polyols Cleavable by Olefin Metathesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000571. [PMID: 33300207 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes a novel series of linear and crosslinked polyurethanes (PUs) and their selective depolymerization under mild conditions. Two unique polyols are synthesized bearing unsaturated units in a configuration designed to favor ring-closing metathesis (RCM) to five- and six-membered cycloalkenes. These polyols are co-polymerized with toluene diisocyanate to generate linear PUs and trifunctional hexamethylene- and diphenylmethane-based isocyanates to generate crosslinked PUs. The polyol design is such that the RCM reaction cleaves the backbone of the polymer chain. Upon exposure to dilute solutions of Grubbs' catalyst under ambient conditions, the PUs are rapidly depolymerized to low molecular weight, soluble products bearing vinyl and cycloalkene functionalities. These functionalities enable further re-polymerization by traditional strategies for polymerization of double bonds. It is anticipated that this general approach can be expanded to develop a range of chemically recyclable condensation polymers that are readily depolymerized by orthogonal metathesis chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Jones
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Chad Staiger
- Department of Photovoltaics and Materials Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jackson Powers
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jeremy A Herman
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jessica Román-Kustas
- Department of Materials Reliability, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
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23
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Yadav R, Malhotra AV, Mishra A. Emerging application of robust data envelopment analysis for optimization of graft copolymerization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) to Tamarindus indica seed polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3858-3863. [PMID: 32898542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A newer application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with robust data envelopment analysis (RDEA) was presented for optimization of reaction variables of graft copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to Tamarindus indica seed polysaccharide (TSP). It helped to find out the most appropriate reaction conditions and variables (concentrations of HEMA and reaction initiator; temperature and time duration) for copolymerization. The data generated through the experimental work has been analyzed and indexed to predict the maximum %grafting. Sensitivity analysis was performed to check robustness of efficiency scores of CCR DEA efficient samples and a comparative analysis of the CCR DEA and RRDEA efficiency score has been done. The data obtained via real-time experiments and data predicted using computational modelling predictions were found to be in close vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Yadav
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, India
| | - Annu Vij Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, CSJM University, Kanpur 208 024, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, India.
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24
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Braconi E, Götzinger AC, Cramer N. Enantioselective Iron-Catalyzed Cross-[4+4]-Cycloaddition of 1,3-Dienes Provides Chiral Cyclooctadienes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19819-19824. [PMID: 33175501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral cyclooctadienes are a frequently occurring scaffold in natural products and specialty chemicals, and are used as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Accessing substituted cyclooctadienes in an efficient asymmetric fashion has been notoriously challenging. We report an iron-catalyzed enantioselective cross-[4+4]-cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes to form substituted cyclooctadienes under very mild conditions. A highly tailored chiral α-diimine iron complex is key for the success of the transformation providing a balanced performance between reactivity, excellent cross-selectivity and very high enantioselectivity. Steric maps of the complexes help accounting for the observed selectivity. The developed method allows rapid and atom-economic access to novel differently functionalized cyclooctadienes in very high yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Braconi
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alissa C Götzinger
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Krishnan BP, Xue L, Xiong X, Cui J. Photoinduced Strain-Assisted Synthesis of a Stiff-Stilbene Polymer by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Chemistry 2020; 26:14828-14832. [PMID: 32533881 PMCID: PMC7756494 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing a novel strategy to synthesize photoresponsive polymers is of significance owing to their potential applications. We report a photoinduced strain-assisted synthesis of main-chain stiff-stilbene polymers by using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), activating a macrocyclic π-bond connected to a stiff-stilbene photoswitch through a linker. Since the linker acts as an external constraint, the photoisomerization to the E-form leads to the stiff-stilbene being strained and thus reactive to ROMP. The photoisomerization of Z-form to E-form was investigated using time-dependent NMR studies and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The DFT calculation showed that the E-form was less stable due to a lack of planarity. By the internal strain developed due to the linker constraint through photoisomerization, the E-form underwent ROMP by a second generation Grubbs catalyst. In contrast, Z-form did not undergo polymerization under similar conditions. The MALDI-TOF spectrum of E-form after polymerization showed the presence of oligomers of >5.2 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P. Krishnan
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Lulu Xue
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Xinhong Xiong
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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26
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Liang Y, Sun H, Cao W, Thompson MP, Gianneschi NC. Degradable Polyphosphoramidate via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1417-1422. [PMID: 35653670 PMCID: PMC11042488 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a degradable polyphosphoramidate via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with the Grubbs initiator (IMesH2)(C5H5N)2(Cl)2Ru═CHPh. Controlled ROMP of a low ring strain diazaphosphepine-based cyclic olefin was achieved at low temperatures to afford well-defined polymers that readily undergo degradation in acidic conditions via the cleavage of the acid-labile phosphoramidate linkages. The diazaphosphepine monomer was compatible in random and block copolymerizations with phenyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) bearing norbornenes. This approach introduced partial or complete degradability into the polymer backbones. With this chemistry, we accessed amphiphilic poly(diazaphosphepine-norbornene) copolymers that could be used to prepare micellar nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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27
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Yadav R, Malhotra A, Mishra A. Data Envelopment Analysis and Decision Maker Models: An Innovative Approach for Optimization of Reaction Variables of Graft Copolymerization of Poly(butyl acrylate) to Tamarind Seed Xyloglucan. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Yadav
- Department of Applied Chemistry University School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida 201312 India
| | - AnnuVij Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry University Institute of Engineering and Technology CSJM University Kanpur 208024 India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Applied Chemistry University School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida 201312 India
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28
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Morontsev A, Gringolts M, Lakhtin V, Finkelshtein E. Synthesis of high-molecular weight poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-silapentene) by olefin metathesis polymerization in the presence of Grubbs catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Xu M, Bullard KK, Nicely AM, Gutekunst WR. Resonance promoted ring-opening metathesis polymerization of twisted amides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9729-9734. [PMID: 32055341 PMCID: PMC6993617 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03602d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of an unsaturated twisted amide using the third-generation Grubbs initiator is described. Unlike prior examples of ROMP monomers that rely on angular or steric strain for propagation, this system is driven by resonance destabilization of the amide that arises from geometric constraints of the bicyclic framework. Upon ring-opening, the amide can rotate and rehybridize to give a stabilized and planar conjugated system that promotes living propagation. The absence of other strain elements in the twisted amide is supported by the inability of a carbon analogue of the monomer to polymerize and computational studies that find resonance destabilization accounts for 11.3 kcal mol-1 of the overall 12.0 kcal mol-1 ring strain. The twisted amide polymerization is capable of preparing high molecular weight polymers rapidly at room temperature, and post-polymerization modification combined with 2D NMR spectroscopy confirms a regioirregular polymer microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , USA .
| | - Krista K Bullard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , USA .
| | - Aja M Nicely
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , USA .
| | - Will R Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , USA .
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30
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Hyatt MG, Walsh DJ, Lord RL, Andino Martinez JG, Guironnet D. Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies of the Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornenyl Monomers by a Grubbs Third Generation Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17918-17925. [PMID: 31651157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for a set of functionalized norbornenyl monomers initiated by a Grubbs third generation precatalyst [(H2IMes)(pyr)2(Cl)2Ru═CHPh] was investigated. Through a series of 12C/13C and 1H/2H kinetic isotope effect studies, the rate-determining step for the polymerization was determined to be the formation of the metallacyclobutane ring. This experimental result was further validated through DFT calculations showing that the highest energy transition state is metallacyclobutane formation. The effect of monomer stereochemistry (exo vs endo) of two types of ester substituted monomers was also investigated. Kinetic and spectroscopic evidence supporting the formation of a six-membered chelate through coordination of the proximal polymer ester to the Ru center is presented. This chelation and its impact on the rate of polymerization are shown to vary based on the monomer employed and its stereochemistry. The combination of this knowledge led to the derivation of a generic rate law describing the rate of polymerization of norbornene monomers initiated by a Grubbs third generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Dylan J Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - José G Andino Martinez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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31
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Investigating the effects of bulky allylic substituents on the regioregularity and thermodynamics of ROMP on cyclopentene. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Pal S, Alizadeh M, Kilbinger AFM. Telechelics Based on Catalytic Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1396-1401. [PMID: 35651155 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a protocol to synthesize alternating telechelic ROMP copolymers of 7-oxa-norbornene derivatives and cycloalkenes under catalytic conditions. These copolymers were synthesized using Grubbs' second-generation catalyst. The sterically less hindered backbone double bonds of the resulting alternating copolymers facilitate the chain transfer (secondary metathesis) reactions. In the presence of symmetrical chain transfer agents (CTA), alternating copolymers could be synthesized catalytically. This procedure allows the synthesis of telechelic polymers based on potentially functional 7-oxa-norbornene derivatives under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The molar mass of the alternating copolymer was controlled by the monomer to CTA ratio. The end group of the copolymers synthesized in the catalytic manner was addressed by the CTA functionality, yielding telechelic copolymers in excellent yields. 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, and SEC analysis confirmed the chemical identity of the alternating telechelic copolymers with excellent control over the molar mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mahshid Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Yadav R, Malhotra AV, Mishra A. Quantification of Optimal Reaction Parameters for the Synthesis of a Polysaccharide‐Based Graft Copolymers Using Combined Shannon's Entropy and Data Envelopment Analysis. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Yadav
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies and Applied SciencesGautam Buddha University Greater Noida 201312 India
| | - Annu Vij Malhotra
- Department of ChemistryUniversity Institute of Engineering and Technology, CSJM University Kanpur 208024 India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies and Applied SciencesGautam Buddha University Greater Noida 201312 India
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(Arylimido)vanadium(V)-Alkylidene Complexes as Catalysts for Ring-opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Cyclic Olefins: Ligand Design for Exhibiting the High Activity. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Kennedy CR, Zhong H, Macaulay RL, Chirik PJ. Regio- and Diastereoselective Iron-Catalyzed [4+4]-Cycloaddition of 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8557-8573. [PMID: 31060353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A family of single-component iron precatalysts for the [4+4]-cyclodimerization and intermolecular cross-[4+4]-cycloaddition of monosubstituted 1,3-dienes is described. Cyclooctadiene products were obtained with high regioselectivity, and catalyst-controlled access to either cis- or trans-diastereomers was achieved using 4-substituted diene substrates. Reactions conducted either with single-component precatalysts or with iron dihalide complexes activated in situ proved compatible with common organic functional groups and were applied on multigram scale (up to >100 g). Catalytically relevant, S = 1 iron complexes bearing 2-(imino)pyridine ligands, (RPI)FeL2 (RPI = [2-(2,6-R2-C6H3-N═CMe)-C5H4N] where R = iPr or Me, L2 = bis-olefin), were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Mößbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations. The structural and spectroscopic parameters are consistent with an electronic structure description comprised of a high spin iron(I) center ( SFe = 3/2) engaged in antiferromagnetically coupling with a ligand radical anion ( SPI = -1/2). Mechanistic studies conducted with these single-component precatalysts, including kinetic analyses, 12C/13C isotope effect measurements, and in situ Mößbauer spectroscopy, support a mechanism involving oxidative cyclization of two dienes that determines regio- and diastereoselectivity. Topographic steric maps derived from crystallographic data provided insights into the basis for the catalyst control through stereoselective oxidative cyclization and subsequent, stereospecific allyl-isomerization and C-C bond-forming reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Rachel L Macaulay
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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Bazarova ZB, Soroka LS, Lyapkov AA, Yusubov МS, Verpoort F. Synthesis of polydicyclopentadiene using the Cp 2TiCl 2/Et 2AlCl catalytic system and thin-layer oxidation of the polymer in air. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:733-745. [PMID: 30992721 PMCID: PMC6444398 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerization process of dicyclopentadiene using a multicomponent catalytic system based on bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of an excess of the aluminum component leads to the formation of stable charged complexes of blue discoloration, which initiate cationic polymerization of dicyclopentadiene. Unstabilized thin layers of obtained polydicyclopentadiene undergo oxidation and structuring under atmospheric oxygen. Oxidation of polydicyclopentadiene films in air occurs slowly during several weeks and can be determined by the increase of carbonyl and hydroxyl adsorption bands in infrared spectra. Along with oxidation, cross-linking processes occur in polymers, which lead to a change in physical parameters of the layers, and more precisely to a decrease in the permeability of atmospheric oxygen through the layers. Consequently, this leads to the transition of the oxidation from a kinetic mode into a diffusive mode. Such structural changes do not occur in a polymer that was stabilized by adding an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhargolma B Bazarova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila S Soroka
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Alex A Lyapkov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Мekhman S Yusubov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Francis Verpoort
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Ghent University, Global Campus Songdo, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
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Abstract
This Viewpoint highlights the viability and increasing variety of functionalized polypentenamers as unique and valuable materials created through enthalpy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of low ring strain cyclopentene monomers. The terms "low ring strain" and "enthalpy-driven" are typically conflicting ideologies for successful ROMP; however, these monomers possess a heightened sensitivity to reaction conditions, which may be leveraged in a number of ways to provide performance elastomers with good yield and precise functional topologies. Over the last several years, a rekindled interest in these systems has led to a renaissance of research aimed at improving their synthesis and exploring their potential. Their chemistry, applications, and future outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Neary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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38
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Neary WJ, Fultz BA, Kennemur JG. Well-Defined and Precision-Grafted Bottlebrush Polypentenamers from Variable Temperature ROMP and ATRP. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1080-1086. [PMID: 35632939 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polypentenamer macroinitiators are synthesized through variable temperature ring opening metathesis polymerization of 3-cyclopentenyl α-bromoisobutyrate, which has sufficient ring strain (ΔHp = -22.6 kJ mol-1) to produce targeted molar mass (<5% from theoretical), low dispersity (1.17 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.23), and high conversion (∼72%). An initiation site for atom-transfer radical polymerization at every fifth backbone carbon allows "grafting-from" of styrene with quantitative initiation and linear molar mass increase with time. These bottlebrushes retain a low dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.34) at varying graft degrees of polymerization (5 ≤ Nsc ≤ 49) and have a glass transition temperature highly sensitized to graft length. Extension of the grafts with methyl methacrylate produces a core-shell brush polymer with high molar mass (>1000 kg mol-1) and Đ = 1.33. This system exhibits high synthetic versatility and control with a unique flexible backbone to expand the suite of densely grafted polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Neary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brandon A. Fultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Chaimongkolkunasin S, Nomura K. (Arylimido)Vanadium(V)-Alkylidenes Containing Chlorinated Phenoxy Ligands: Thermally Robust, Highly Active Catalyst in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cyclic Olefins. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sapanna Chaimongkolkunasin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Torre M, Mulhearn WD, Register RA. Ring‐Opening Metathesis Copolymerization of Cyclopentene Above and Below Its Equilibrium Monomer Concentration. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Torre
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - William D. Mulhearn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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Brits S, Neary WJ, Palui G, Kennemur JG. A new echelon of precision polypentenamers: highly isotactic branching on every five carbons. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01922j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study shows that bulky allylic substituents on cyclopentene monomers affords a highly precise microstructure after ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brits
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - William J. Neary
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Goutam Palui
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
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Grubb J, Carosio F, Vasireddy M, Moncho S, Brothers EN, Hobbs CE. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and thio-bromo “click” chemistry approach toward the preparation of flame-retardant polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Grubb
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Kingsville Texas 78363
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5; 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | | | - Salvador Moncho
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University-Qatar; Doha Qatar
| | | | - Christopher E. Hobbs
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Kingsville Texas 78363
- Department of Chemistry; Sam Houston State University; Huntsville Texas 77341
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