1
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Walkowiak K, Paszkiewicz S. Modifications of Furan-Based Polyesters with the Use of Rigid Diols. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2064. [PMID: 39065381 PMCID: PMC11280799 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The replacement of polymers derived from petrochemical resources has been a prominent area of focus in recent decades. Polymers used in engineering materials must exhibit mechanical strength and stiffness while maintaining performance through a broad temperature range. Most of the polyesters used as engineering materials are based on terephthalic acid (TPA) and its derivatives, which provide necessary rigidity to molecular chains due to an aromatic ring. Bio-based alternatives for TPA-based polyesters that are gaining popularity are the polyesters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). To broaden applicational possibilities, one effective way to achieve specific properties in targeted applications is to adjust the composition and structure of polymers using advanced polymer chemistry techniques. The incorporation of rigid diols such as isosorbide, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO) should result in a greater stiffness of the molecular chains. This review extensively explores the effect of incorporating rigid diols on material properties through a review of research articles as well as patents. Moreover, this review mainly focuses on the polyesters and copolyesters synthesized via two-step melt polycondensation and its alterations due to the industrial importance of this method. Innovative synthesis strategies and the resulting material properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Walkowiak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
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2
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van der Maas K, Wang Y, Weinland DH, van Putten RJ, Wang B, Gruter GJM. PISOX Copolyesters-Bio- and CO 2-Based Marine-Degradable High-Performance Polyesters. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:9822-9832. [PMID: 38966239 PMCID: PMC11220794 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxalate esters and isosorbide serve as intriguing polymer building blocks, as they can be sourced from renewable resources, such as CO2 and glucose, and the resulting polyesters offer outstanding material properties. However, the low reactivity of the secondary hydroxyl groups makes it difficult to generate high-molecular-weight polymers from isosorbide. Combining diaryl oxalates with isosorbide appears to be a promising approach to produce high-molecular-weight isosorbide-based polyoxalates (PISOX). This strategy seems to be scalable, has a short polymerization time (<5 h), and uniquely, there is no need for a catalyst. PISOX demonstrates outstanding thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties; its barrier to oxygen is 35 times better than PLA, it possesses mechanical properties comparable to high-performance thermoplastics, and the glass transition temperature of 167 °C can be modified by comonomer incorporation. What makes this high-performance material truly exceptional is that it decomposes into CO2 and biomass in just a few months in soil under home-composting conditions and it hydrolyzes without enzymes present in less than a year in 20 °C water. This unique combination of properties has the potential to be utilized in a range of applications, such as biomedical uses, water-resistant coatings, compostable plastic bags for gardening and agriculture, and packaging plastics with diminished environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin van der Maas
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Wang
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Weinland
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan van Putten
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium
Chemicals BV; Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bing Wang
- Avantium
Chemicals BV; Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan M. Gruter
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avantium
Chemicals BV; Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Yu Y, Liu H, Li J, Song H, Wei Z. Tricyclic Diester and 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid for the Synthesis of Biobased Hydrolysis Copolyesters with High Glass Transition Temperatures. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5105-5115. [PMID: 37800273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The reluctance of a polyester with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties to hydrolyze is a well-known fact, for instance, the high hydrolysis resistance of aromatic polyesters based on terephthalic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The synthesis of polyesters that have a high Tg (>100 °C) and a fast hydrolytic degradation quality at the same time is a valuable topic. Herein, a renewable rigid diester, N,N'-trans-1,4-cyclohexane-bis(pyrrolidone-4-methyl carboxylate) (CBPC), was obtained via Michael addition. CBPC was copolymerized with FDCA and ethylene glycol to prepare a series of copolyesters PECxEFy with a high Mn over 30 kDa. PECxEFy showed a Tg range of 75.2-109.2 °C which outdistanced the most biobased polyesters. The thermal stability of all PECxEFy remained unchanged with the introduction of CBPC. Moreover, PECxEFy presented superior mechanical performances which were matching or exceeding those of commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA). PECxEFy was stable in air but was able to undergo noticeable hydrolytic degradation, proving their enhanced degradability. And the regulation between CBPC and FDCA composition can be leveraged to adjust the degradation and environmental durability of PECxEFy, up to practical applications. Computational studies systematically revealed the relationship between CBPC with a tricyclic structure and the improved Tg and hydrolyzation properties. The outstanding thermal and mechanical performances and hydrolysis of these copolyesters appear to be promising candidates for renewable alternatives to industrial petrochemical polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Huijia Song
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian,116024, P. R. China
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4
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Synthesis of Bio-based Poly(ester-ether) Elastomers from 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with Excellent Thermo-mechanical Properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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5
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New biodegradable polyesters synthesized from 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid with excellent gas barrier properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Qu D, He S, Chen L, Ye Y, Ge Q, Cong H, Jiang N, Ha Y. Paired electrocatalysis in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural valorization. Front Chem 2022; 10:1055865. [PMID: 36339046 PMCID: PMC9634479 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1055865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has aroused considerable interest over the past years as an important biomass-derived platform molecule, yielding various value-added products. The conventional HMF conversion requires noble metal catalysts and harsh operating conditions. On the other hand, the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF has been considered as an environmentally benign alternative. However, its practical application is limited by low overall energy efficiency and incomplete conversion. Paired electrolysis and highly efficient electrocatalysts are two viable strategies to address these limitations. Herein, an overview of coupled electrocatalytic HMF hydrogenation or hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with HMF oxidation as well as the associated electrocatalysts are reviewed and discussed. In this mini-review, a brief introduction of electrocatalytic HMF upgrading is given, followed by the recent advances and challenges of paired electrolysis with an emphasis on the integration HMF electrohydrogenation with HMF electrooxidation. Finally, a perspective for a future sustainable biomass upgrading community based on electrocatalysis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Qu
- Country Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuijian He
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhua Chen
- Country Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yifan Ye
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qingmei Ge
- Country Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hang Cong
- Country Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Country Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Ha
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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7
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Chen YL, Mu YS, He ZJ, Pu XM, Wang DQ, Zhou M, Yang LP. New bio-based polyester with excellent spinning performance: poly(tetrahydrofuran dimethanol- co-ethylene terephthalate). RSC Adv 2022; 12:29516-29524. [PMID: 36320739 PMCID: PMC9562050 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With the excessive consumption of fossil energy, technologies that transform bio-based resources into materials have received more and more attention from researchers in recent decades. In this paper, a series of poly(ethylene 2,5-tetrahydrofuran dimethyl terephthalate; PEFTs) with different components were synthesized from 2,5-tetrahydrofuran dimethanol (THFDM), terephthalic acid (TPA), and ethylene glycol (EG). Their chemical structures and compositions were determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. With the increase in THFDM content, the crystallization, T m, and tensile strength of PEFTs gradually decrease because the introduced THFDM breaks the order of molecular chains, while the thermal stability and T g remain stable. PEFTs seem to present a significant shear thinning phenomenon, which was indicated by the rheological test. Electrospinning technology was used to explore the spinnability of PEFT; it was found that PEFTs have better spinning performance than PET. In addition, due to the good hydrophobicity and porosity of PEFT nanofiber films, they have potential application value in the manufacture of hydrophobic nanofiber and filter films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yue-Song Mu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ming Pu
- Wankai New Material Co., Ltd. Haining 314415 China
| | - Dong-Qi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Wankai New Material Co., Ltd. Haining 314415 China
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8
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Wang Z, Ding T, Hu J, Wang B, Liu Y, Ding G. Synthesis of aromatic polyesters derived from bisphenol‐A and bis(hydroxyphenyl)butane with diacyl chloride monomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Taoguo Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Junwei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Bolin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Guoxin Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
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9
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang G, Liu S. Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)‐b‐poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
- Department of Materials Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan Shanxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qingyin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
| | - Gongying Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
| | - Shaoying Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chengdu China
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10
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Park K, Furusato S, Furugen C, Ikawa T, Yamada T, Sajiki H. Highly Selective Synthesis of cis‐2,2,4,4‐Tetramethylcyclobutane‐1,3‐diol via Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation and Isomerization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwihwan Park
- AIST Nanoelectronics Research Institute: Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyujo Denshiko Gijutsu Kenkyu Bumon Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | - Chikara Furugen
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University Laboratory of Organic Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Takashi Ikawa
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University Laboratory of Organic Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University Laboratory of Organic Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University Lab. of Organic Chemistry 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi 501-1196 Gifu JAPAN
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11
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Zhang X, Wang J, Dong Y, Wang Q, Zhu J. Self‐healing and biodegradable copolyesters synthesized from 2,
5‐furandicarboxylic
acid applied as human skin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Dong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qianfeng Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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12
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Shen A, Wang J, Zhang X, Fei X, Fan L, Zhu Y, Dong Y, Zhu J. High thermal resistance amorphous copolyesters synthesized from bio‐based 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Shen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- Department of Materials University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Xuan Fei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- Department of Materials University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lin Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Yanliu Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- Department of Materials University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunxiao Dong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- Department of Materials University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
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13
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Xie H, Meng H, Wu L, Li BG, Dubois P. Aliphatic polycarbonate modified poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate) materials with improved ductility, toughness and high CO2 barrier performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Fei X, Zhu Y, Wang J, Jia Z, Liu X. Synthesis of bio‐based polyesters with crystallization properties comparable to poly(butylene terephthalate). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Yingkang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Hunan Normal University Changsha PR China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo PR China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo PR China
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15
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Jin C, Liu L, Tu Z, Wang B, Wang P, Wei Z. Melt polycondensation of 2,5-tetrahydrofurandimethanol with various dicarboxylic acids towards a variety of biobased polyesters. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00975g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of THFDM's structure on its reactivity, polymer molecular chain energy and properties were systematically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang G, Liu S. The effect of isothermal crystallization on mechanical properties of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate). E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of isothermal crystallization temperature/time on mechanical properties of bio-based polyester poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) were investigated. The intrinsic viscosity, crystallization properties, thermal properties, and microstructure of PEF were characterized using ubbelohde viscometer, X-ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The PEF sample isothermal crystallized at various temperatures for various times was denoted as PEF-T-t. The results showed that the isothermal crystallization temperature affected the mechanical properties of PEF-T-30 by simultaneously affecting its crystallization properties and intrinsic viscosity. The isothermal crystallization time only affected the crystallization properties of PEF-110-t. The crystallinity of PEF-110-40 was 17.1%. With small crystal size, poor regularity, and α′-crystal, PEF-110-40 can absorb the energy generated in the tensile process to the maximum extent. Therefore, the best mechanical properties can be obtained for PEF-110-40 with the tensile strength of 43.55 MPa, the tensile modulus of 1,296 MPa, and the elongation at a break of 13.36%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Green Chemical Division, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , Sichuan, 610041 , China
- Department of Materials Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology , Taiyuan , Shanxi, 030008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Qingyin Wang
- Green Chemical Division, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , Sichuan, 610041 , China
| | - Gongying Wang
- Green Chemical Division, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , Sichuan, 610041 , China
| | - Shaoying Liu
- Green Chemical Division, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , Sichuan, 610041 , China
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17
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Bianchi E, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Thiyagarajan S, Lotti N. Poly(butylene 2,4-furanoate), an Added Member to the Class of Smart Furan-Based Polyesters for Sustainable Packaging: Structural Isomerism as a Key to Tune the Final Properties. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:11937-11949. [PMID: 34513341 PMCID: PMC8424682 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight poly(butylene 2,4-furanoate) (2,4-PBF), an isomer of well-known poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) (2,5-PBF), was synthesized through an eco-friendly solvent-free polycondensation process and processed in the form of an amorphous film by compression molding. Molecular characterization was carried out by NMR spectroscopy and GPC analysis, confirming the chemical structure and high polymerization degree. Thermal analyses evidenced a reduction of both glass-to-rubber transition and melting temperatures, as well as a detriment of crystallization capability, for 2,4-PBF with respect to 2,5-PBF. Nevertheless, it was possible to induce crystal phase formation by annealing treatment. Wide-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the crystal lattices developed in the two isomers are distinct from each other. The different isomerism affects also the thermal stability, being 2,4-PBF more thermally inert than 2,5-PBF. Functional properties, such as wettability, mechanical response, and gas barrier capability, were tested on both amorphous and semicrystalline 2,4-PBF films and compared with those of 2,5-PBF. Reduced hydrophilicity was determined for 2,4-isomer, in line with its lower average dipole moment, suggesting better chemical resistance to hydrolysis. Stress-strain tests have evidenced the higher flexibility and toughness of 2,4-PBF with respect to those of 2,5-PBF and the possibility of improving its mechanical resistance by annealing. Finally, the different isomerism deeply affects the gas barrier performance, being the O2- and CO2-transmission rates of 2,4-PBF 50 and 110 times lower, respectively, than those of 2,5-PBF. The gas barrier properties turned out to be outstanding under a dry atmosphere as well as in humid conditions, suggesting the presence of interchain hydrogen bonds. The gas blocking capability decreases after annealing because of the presence of disclination associated with the formation of crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bianchi
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department
of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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18
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Zhang Q, Song M, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang L. Bio-based polyesters: Recent progress and future prospects. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Siracusa V, Lotti N. Poly(Alkylene 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylate) Polyesters: A New Class of Bio-Based High-Performance Polymers for Sustainable Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152460. [PMID: 34372066 PMCID: PMC8348809 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 100% bio-based polyesters of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid were synthesized via two-stage melt polycondensation using glycols containing 3 to 6 methylene groups. The so-prepared samples were characterised from the molecular point of view and processed into free-standing thin films. Afterward, both the purified powders and the films were subjected to structural and thermal characterisation. In the case of thin films, mechanical response and barrier properties to O2 and CO2 were also evaluated. From the results obtained, it emerged that the length of glycolic sub-units is an effective tool to modulate the chain mobility and, in turn, the kind and amount of ordered phases developed in the samples. In addition to the usual amorphous and 3D crystalline phases, in all the samples investigated it was possible to evidence a further phase characterised by a lower degree of order (mesophase) than the crystalline one, whose amount is strictly related to the glycol sub-unit length. The relative fraction of all these phases is responsible for the different mechanical and barrier performances. Last, but not least, a comparison between thiophene-based homopolymers and their furan-based homologues was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.)
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20
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Clark JA, Thacker PJ, McGill CJ, Miles JR, Westmoreland PR, Efimenko K, Genzer J, Santiso EE. DFT Analysis of Organotin Catalytic Mechanisms in Dehydration Esterification Reactions for Terephthalic Acid and 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4943-4956. [PMID: 34101445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyesters synthesized from 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) and terephthalic acid (TPA) are improved alternatives to toxic polycarbonates based on bisphenol A. In this work, we use ωB97X-D/LANL2DZdp calculations, in the presence of a benzaldehyde polarizable continuum model solvent, to show that esterification of TMCD and TPA will reduce and subsequently dehydrate a dimethyl tin oxide catalyst, becoming ligands on the now four-coordinate complex. This reaction then proceeds most plausibly by an intramolecular acyl-transfer mechanism from the tin complex, aided by a coordinated proton donor such as hydronium. These findings are a key first step in understanding polyester synthesis and avoiding undesirable side reactions during production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Pranav J Thacker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Charles J McGill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jason R Miles
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Phillip R Westmoreland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kirill Efimenko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erik E Santiso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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21
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Liguori F, Moreno-Marrodan C, Barbaro P. Biomass-derived chemical substitutes for bisphenol A: recent advancements in catalytic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 49:6329-6363. [PMID: 32749443 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is an oil-derived, large market volume chemical with a wide spectrum of applications in plastics, adhesives and thermal papers. However, bisphenol A is not considered safe due to its endocrine disrupting properties and reproductive toxicity. Several functional substitutes of bisphenol A have been proposed in the literature, produced from plant biomass. Unless otherwise specified, the present review covers the most significant contributions that appeared in the time span January 2015-August 2019, describing the sustainable catalytic synthesis of rigid diols from biomass derivatives. The focus is thereupon on heterogeneous catalysis, use of green solvents and mild conditions, cascade processes in one-pot, and continuous flow setups. More than 500 up-to-date references describe the various substitutes proposed and the catalytic methods for their manufacture, broken down according to the main biomass types from which they originate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Liguori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carmen Moreno-Marrodan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Barbaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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22
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Shen A, Wang J, Ma S, Fei X, Zhang X, Zhu J, Liu X. Completely amorphous high thermal resistant copolyesters from bio‐based 2,
5‐furandicarboxylic
acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Shen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shugang Ma
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing China
| | - Xuan Fei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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23
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Martínez-Tong DE, Soccio M, Robles-Hernández B, Guidotti G, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Alegria A. Evidence of Nanostructure Development from the Molecular Dynamics of Poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatriz Robles-Hernández
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angel Alegria
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia, Spain
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24
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Zhang X, Ma S, Shen A, Zhu J, Shen Z, Wang J, Liu X. High molecular weight poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐butylene 2,5‐furan dicarboxylate) copolyesters: From synthesis to thermomechanical and barrier properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang ProvinceCNITECH CAS Zhejiang China
| | - Shugang Ma
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing China
| | - Ang Shen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang ProvinceCNITECH CAS Zhejiang China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang ProvinceCNITECH CAS Zhejiang China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang ProvinceCNITECH CAS Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang ProvinceCNITECH CAS Zhejiang China
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25
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Loos K, Zhang R, Pereira I, Agostinho B, Hu H, Maniar D, Sbirrazzuoli N, Silvestre AJD, Guigo N, Sousa AF. A Perspective on PEF Synthesis, Properties, and End-Life. Front Chem 2020; 8:585. [PMID: 32850625 PMCID: PMC7413100 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This critical review considers the extensive research and development dedicated, in the last years, to a single polymer, the poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), usually simply referred to as PEF. PEF importance stems from the fact that it is based on renewable resources, typically prepared from C6 sugars present in biomass feedstocks, for its resemblance to the high-performance poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and in terms of barrier properties even outperforming PET. For the first time synthesis, properties, and end-life targeting—a more sustainable PEF—are critically reviewed. The emphasis is placed on how synthetic roots to PEF evolved toward the development of greener processes based on ring open polymerization, enzymatic synthesis, or the use of ionic liquids; together with a broader perspective on PEF end-life, highlighting recycling and (bio)degradation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Inês Pereira
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Agostinho
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Armando J D Silvestre
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nathanael Guigo
- Institute of Chemistry UMR 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Andreia F Sousa
- Departamento de Química, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Xie H, Wu L, Li BG, Dubois P. Modification of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with aliphatic polycarbonate diols: 1. Randomnized copolymers with significantly improved ductility and high CO2 barrier performance. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, García-Gutiérrez MC, Ezquerra T, Siracusa V, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Munari A, Lotti N. Fully Biobased Superpolymers of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid with Different Functional Properties: From Rigid to Flexible, High Performant Packaging Materials. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:9558-9568. [PMID: 33796416 PMCID: PMC8007128 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, four fully biobased homopolyesters of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) with a high molecular weight have been successfully synthesized by two-stage melt polycondensation, starting from the dimethyl ester of 2,5-FDCA and glycols of different lengths (the number of methylene groups ranged from 3 to 6). The synthesized polyesters have been first subjected to an accurate molecular characterization by NMR and gel-permeation chromatography. Afterward, the samples have been successfully processed into free-standing thin films (thickness comprised between 150 to 180 μm) by compression molding. Such films have been characterized from the structural (by wide-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering), thermal (by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), mechanical (by tensile test), and gas barrier (by permeability measurements) point of view. The glycol subunit length was revealed to be the key parameter in determining the kind and fraction of ordered phases developed by the sample during compression molding and subsequent cooling. After storage at room temperature for one month, only the homopolymers containing the glycol subunit with an even number of -CH2- groups (poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) (PBF) and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PHF)) were able to develop a three-dimensional ordered crystalline phase in addition to the amorphous one, the other two appearing completely amorphous (poly(propylene 2,5-furanoate (PPF) and poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PPeF)). From X-ray scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation, it was possible to evidence a third phase characterized by a lower degree of order (one- or two-dimensional), called a mesophase, in all the samples under study, its fraction being strictly related to the glycol subunit length: PPeF was found to be the sample with the highest fraction of mesophase followed by PHF. Such a mesophase, together with the amorphous and the eventually present crystalline phase, significantly impacted the mechanical and barrier properties, these last being particularly outstanding for PPeF, the polyester with the highest fraction of mesophase among those synthesized in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mari Cruz García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Calle Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio Ezquerra
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Calle Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Edgar Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Calle Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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28
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Wang JG, Zhang XQ, Shen A, Zhu J, Song PA, Wang H, Liu XQ. Synthesis and Properties Investigation of Thiophene-aromatic Polyesters: Potential Alternatives for the 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid-based Ones. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Tuning the Properties of Furandicarboxylic Acid-Based Polyesters with Copolymerization: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061209. [PMID: 32466455 PMCID: PMC7361963 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyesters based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are a new class of biobased polymers with enormous interest, both from a scientific and industrial perspective. The commercialization of these polymers is imminent as the pressure for a sustainable economy grows, and extensive worldwide research currently takes place on developing cost-competitive, renewable plastics. The most prevalent method for imparting these polymers with new properties is copolymerization, as many studies have been published over the last few years. This present review aims to summarize the trends in the synthesis of FDCA-based copolymers and to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in transforming them to a more versatile class of materials that could potentially be appropriate for a number of high-end and conventional applications.
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30
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In-situ synthesis, thermal and mechanical properties of biobased poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)/montmorillonite (PEF/MMT) nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Lotti N, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Munari A. New multi-block copolyester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid containing PEG-like sequences to form flexible and degradable films for sustainable packaging. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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32
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Wang L, Zhu Q, Bai Y. Synthesis and characterizations of a series of water soluble polyamides and their micellization behavior. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Hatti-Kaul R, Nilsson LJ, Zhang B, Rehnberg N, Lundmark S. Designing Biobased Recyclable Polymers for Plastics. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 38:50-67. [PMID: 31151764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several concurrent developments are shaping the future of plastics. A transition to a sustainable plastics system requires not only a shift to fossil-free feedstock and energy to produce the carbon-neutral building blocks for polymers used in plastics, but also a rational design of the polymers with both desired material properties for functionality and features facilitating their recyclability. Biotechnology has an important role in producing polymer building blocks from renewable feedstocks, and also shows potential for recycling of polymers. Here, we present strategies for improving the performance and recyclability of the polymers, for enhancing degradability to monomers, and for improving chemical recyclability by designing polymers with different chemical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lars J Nilsson
- Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Rehnberg
- Bona Sweden AB, Murmansgatan 130, Box 210 74, SE-200 21, Malmö, Sweden
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34
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Guidotti G, Genovese L, Soccio M, Gigli M, Munari A, Siracusa V, Lotti N. Block Copolyesters Containing 2,5-Furan and trans-1,4-Cyclohexane Subunits with Outstanding Gas Barrier Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2187. [PMID: 31052594 PMCID: PMC6539254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are gaining increasing importance as substitutes for plastics derived from fossil fuels, especially for packaging applications. In particular, furanoate-based polyesters appear as the most credible alternative due to their intriguing physic/mechanical and gas barrier properties. In this study, block copolyesters containing 2,5-furan and trans-1,4-cyclohexane moieties were synthesized by reactive blending, starting from the two parent homopolymers: poly(propylene furanoate) (PPF) and poly(propylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PPCE). The whole range of molecular architectures, from long block to random copolymer with a fixed molar composition (1:1 of the two repeating units) was considered. Molecular, thermal, tensile, and gas barrier properties of the prepared materials were investigated and correlated to the copolymer structure. A strict dependence of the functional properties on the copolymers' block length was found. In particular, short block copolymers, thanks to the introduction of more flexible cyclohexane-containing co-units, displayed high elongation at break and low elastic modulus, thus overcoming PPF's intrinsic rigidity. Furthermore, the exceptionally low gas permeabilities of PPF were further improved due to the concomitant action of the two rings, both capable of acting as mesogenic groups in the presence of flexible aliphatic units, and thus responsible for the formation of 1D/2D ordered domains, which in turn impart outstanding barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Genovese
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Munari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
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35
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One-Pot FDCA Diester Synthesis from Mucic Acid and Their Solvent-Free Regioselective Polytransesterification for Production of Glycerol-Based Furanic Polyesters. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061030. [PMID: 30875923 PMCID: PMC6471091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A one pot-two step procedure for the synthesis of diethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DEFDC) starting from mucic acid without isolation of the intermediate furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was studied. Then, the production of three different kinds of furan-based polyesters— polyethylene-2,5-furan dicarboxylate (PEF), polyhydropropyl-2,5-furan dicarboxylate(PHPF) and polydiglycerol-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PDGF)—was realized through a Co(Ac)2·4H2O catalyzed polytransesterification performed at 160 °C between DEFDC and a defined diol furan-based prepolymer or pure diglycerol. In parallel to polymerization process, an unattended regioselective 1-OH acylation of glycerol by direct microwave-heated FDCA diester transesterification led to the formation of a symmetric prepolymer ready for further polymerization and clearly identified by 2D NMR sequences. Furthermore, the synthesis of a more soluble and hydrophilic diglycerol-based furanic polyester was also achieved. The resulting biobased polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA and XRD. The morphologies of the resulted polymers were observed by FE-SEM and the purity of the material by EDX.
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Matos M, Sousa AF, Mendonça PV, Silvestre AJD. Co-Polymers based on Poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and Poly(propylene oxide) with Tuneable Thermal Properties: Synthesis and Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E328. [PMID: 30669649 PMCID: PMC6356699 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ether ester)s (PEEs) represent a promising class of segmented co-polymers, nevertheless the synthesis of PEEs based on renewable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is still scarce. In this context, a series of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-co-poly(poly(propylene oxide) 2,5-furandicarboxylate) co-polyesters with different composition of stiff poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) and soft poly(poly(propylene oxide) 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPOF) moieties were synthesized, via a two-step bulk polytransesterification reaction. The molar ratio of PBF/PPOF incorporated was varied (10 to 50 mol%) in order to prepare several novel materials with tuned properties. The materials were characterised in detail through several techniques, namely ATR FTIR, ¹H and 13C NMR, TGA, DSC, DMTA and XRD. Their hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation evaluation was also assessed. These new co-polymers showed either a semi-crystalline nature when higher PBF/PPOF ratios were used, and for approximately equal amounts of PBF and PPOF an amorphous co-polyester was obtained instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Matos
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Andreia F Sousa
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Armando J D Silvestre
- CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zaidi S, Thiyagarajan S, Bougarech A, Sebti F, Abid S, Majdi A, Silvestre AJD, Sousa AF. Highly transparent films of new copolyesters derived from terephthalic and 2,4-furandicarboxylic acids. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transparent films of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-co-(ethylene 2,4-furandicarboxylate)s (PET-co-2,4-PEFs) were developed here for the first time, exploring the ability of 2,4-FDCA to impart excellent optical properties to the polymers thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Zaidi
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
- Faculté des Sciences
| | | | - Abdelkader Bougarech
- Faculté des Sciences
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée HCGP
- Université de Sfax
- Sfax 3038
- Tunisia
| | - Fouzia Sebti
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Souhir Abid
- Faculté des Sciences
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée HCGP
- Université de Sfax
- Sfax 3038
- Tunisia
| | - Abid Majdi
- Faculté des Sciences
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée HCGP
- Université de Sfax
- Sfax 3038
- Tunisia
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Andreia F. Sousa
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
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Xie H, Wu L, Li BG, Dubois P. Modification of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with Biobased 1,5-Pentanediol: Significantly Toughened Copolyesters Retaining High Tensile Strength and O 2 Barrier Property. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:353-364. [PMID: 30433770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) is a biobased polyester characterized by high gas barrier properties as well as high tensile modulus and strength, but poor toughness. Toughening PEF without sacrificing its modulus, strength and gas barrier performance is a great challenge for PEF modification. In this study, high molecular weight random poly(ethylene- co-1,5-pentylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s (PEPeFs) were synthesized via melt copolycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,5-pentanediol (PeDO), a cheap, biobased and commercially available odd-carbon comonomer. The synthesized PEPeFs were characterized and assessed with intrinsic viscosity, ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, TGA and tensile, impact and O2 permeation test. Mayo-Lewis equation with "reactivity ratio" of 3.78 for PeDO and 0.75 for EG could be used as an empirical equation to correlate the copolyester composition (ϕPeF) with monomer composition. PEPeFs proved nearly amorphous copolyesters having excellent thermal stability. Brittle-ductile transition was achieved at ϕPeF as low as 9 mol %. Increasing ϕPeF led to increase in elongation at break and notch impact strength and decrease in Tg, O2 barrier performance and tensile modulus and strength. However, in comparison with PEF, PEF-rich PEPeFs (ϕPeF 9-47%) not only showed greatly improved elongation at break (29-265% vs 4%) and enhanced impact strength (2.2-3.9 kJ/m2) but also retained very high Young's modulus (2.8-3.3 vs 3.3 GPa) and yielding strength (72-83 vs 82 MPa). Particularly, when compared with bottle-grade PET, PE82Pe18F possesses equal Tg (ca. 75 °C) and comparable elongation at break (ca. 115%), but greatly improved yielding strength (83 MPa) and O2 gas barrier property (4.8 times). As modified PEF materials possessing superior thermo-mechanical and O2 gas barrier properties, these integrally biobased copolyesters may find practical applications in eco-packaging and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at ZJU, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Linbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at ZJU, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at ZJU, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons , Mons 7000 , Belgium
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Wang J, Liu X, Jia Z, Sun L, Zhu J. Highly crystalline polyesters synthesized from furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA): Potential bio-based engineering plastic. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang X, Liu S, Wang Q, Li J, Wang G. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-ε-caprolactone) copolyesters. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xie H, Wu L, Li BG, Dubois P. Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-mb-poly(tetramethylene glycol)) multiblock copolymers: From high tough thermoplastics to elastomers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xie H, Wu L, Li BG, Dubois P. Biobased Poly(ethylene-co-hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEHF) Copolyesters with Superior Tensile Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at ZJU, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at ZJU, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering at ZJU, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
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Biobased copolyesters: Synthesis, structure, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-ethylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate). Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hu H, Zhang R, Shi L, Ying WB, Wang J, Zhu J. Modification of Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with Lactic Acid for Biodegradable Copolyesters with Good Mechanical and Barrier Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
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Hu H, Zhang R, Wang J, Ying WB, Zhu J. Fully bio-based poly(propylene succinate-co-propylene furandicarboxylate) copolyesters with proper mechanical, degradation and barrier properties for green packaging applications. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Wang J, Liu X, Jia Z, Sun L, Zhang Y, Zhu J. Modification of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) with 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol: Influence of stereochemistry of 1,4-cyclohexylene units. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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