1
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Nie W, Douglas JF, Xia W. Competing Effects of Molecular Additives and Cross-Link Density on the Segmental Dynamics and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Polymers. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:512-526. [PMID: 38144677 PMCID: PMC10739619 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of molecular additives into thermosets often results in changes in their dynamics and mechanical properties that can have significant ramifications for diverse applications of this broad class of materials such as coatings, high-performance composites, etc. Currently, there is limited fundamental understanding of how such additives influence glass formation in these materials, a problem of broader significance in glass-forming materials. To address this fundamental problem, here, we employ a simplified coarse-grained (CG) model of a polymer network as a model of thermoset materials and then introduce a polymer additive having the same inherent rigidity and polymer-polymer interaction strength as the cross-linked polymer matrix. This energetically "neutral" or "self-plasticizing" additive model gives rise to non-trivial changes in the dynamics of glass formation and provides an important theoretical reference point for the technologically more important case of interacting additives. Based on this rather idealized model, we systematically explore the combined effect of varying the additive mass percentage (m) and cross-link density (c) on the segmental relaxation dynamics and mechanical properties of a model thermoset material with additives. We find that increasing the additive mass percentage m progressively decreases both the glass-transition temperature Tg and the fragility of glass formation, a trend opposite to increasing c so that these thermoset variables clearly have a competing effect on glass formation in these model materials. Moreover, basic mechanical properties (i.e., bulk, shear, and tensile moduli) likewise exhibit a competitive variation with the increase of m and c, which are strongly correlated with the Debye-Waller parameter ⟨u2⟩, a measure of material stiffness at a molecular scale. Our findings prove beneficial in the development of structure-property relationships for the cross-linked polymers, which could help guide the design of such network materials with tailored physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Nie
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Zheng X, Guo Y, Douglas JF, Xia W. Competing Effects of Cohesive Energy and Cross-Link Density on the Segmental Dynamics and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zheng
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Uiversity, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yafang Guo
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Uiversity, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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3
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Zhu Y, Giuntoli A, Zhang W, Lin Z, Keten S, Starr FW, Douglas JF. The Effect of Nanoparticle Softness on the Interfacial Dynamics of a Model Polymer Nanocomposite. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of soft organic nanoparticles (NPs) into polymer melts has recently expanded the material design space for polymer nanocomposites, compared to traditional nanocomposites that utilize rigid NPs, such as silica, metallic and other inorganic NPs. Despite advances in the fabrication and characterization of this new class of materials, the effect of NP stiffness on the polymer structure and dynamics has not been systematically investigated. Here, we use molecular dynamics to investigate the segmental dynamics of the polymer interfacial region of isolated NPs of variable stiffness in a polymer matrix. When the polymer-NP interactions are stronger than the polymer-polymer interactions, we find that the slowing of segmental dynamics in the interfacial region is more pronounced for stiff NPs. In contrast, when the polymer-NP interaction strength is smaller than the matrix interaction, the NP stiffness has relatively little impact on the changes in the polymer interfacial dynamics. We also find that the segmental relaxation time t a of segments in the NP interfacial region changes from values lower than to higher than the bulk material when the polymer-NP interaction strength is increased beyond a 'critical' strength, reminiscent of a binding-unbinding transition. Both the NP stiffness and the polymer-surface interaction strength can thus greatly influence the relative segmental of the interfacial mobility in comparison to the bulk material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, China
| | - Andrea Giuntoli
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Netherlands
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, NIST, United States of America
| | | | - Sinan Keten
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, United States of America
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Physics Department, Wesleyan University, United States of America
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America
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4
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Zhao X, Liu J, Li J, Liang X, Zhou W, Peng S. Strategies and techniques for improving heat resistance and mechanical performances of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biodegradable materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:115-134. [PMID: 35868408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has attracted much attention as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics, but its low heat resistance limits its application range in packaging fields and disposable products. This paper summarizes the structural factors affecting the heat resistance of PLA and systematically summarizes methods to improve its heat resistance. PLA is a semi-crystalline polymer, and crystallinity, crystal size, and other factors are important factors affecting heat resistance. This paper systematically analyzes the means to control the crystallization behavior of PLA, and summarizes the effects of nucleating agents, cross-linking, grafting, and annealing processes on the crystallization behavior and heat resistance of PLA. The effects of PLA molecular chain cross-linking and grafting on the motility of PLA molecular chains and the heat resistance of PLA materials are further discussed from the perspective of PLA molecular chain segment movement. The research work on combining PLA with reinforcements such as high heat-resistant polymer materials, fiber, and nanoparticles to improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of PLA by introducing rigid groups or structures is described in detail. Improving the heat resistance of PLA material is an important strategy to promote the application of biodegradable materials, and has broad research value and application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Jinchao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weiyi Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
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5
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Araujo S, Sainlaud C, Delpouve N, Richaud E, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. Segmental Relaxation Dynamics in Amorphous Polylactide Exposed to UV Light. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Araujo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux Rouen 76000 France
| | - Chloé Sainlaud
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux Rouen 76000 France
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux Rouen 76000 France
| | - Emmanuel Richaud
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Cnam, HESAM Université, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital Paris 75013 France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux Rouen 76000 France
| | - Eric Dargent
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux Rouen 76000 France
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6
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Luo J, Zhu Y, Ruan Y, Wu W, Ouyang X, Du Z, Liu G. Diameter and Elasticity Governing the Relaxation of Soft-Nanoparticle Melts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yifu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xikai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhukang Du
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - GengXin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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7
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Hoshino T, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto A, Masunaga H. Heterogeneous dynamics in the curing process of epoxy resins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9767. [PMID: 34001939 PMCID: PMC8129072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin is indispensable for modern industry because of its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and excellent moldability. To date, various methods have been used to investigate the physical properties of the cured product and the kinetics of the curing process, but its microscopic dynamics have been insufficiently studied. In this study, the microscopic dynamics in the curing process of a catalytic epoxy resin were investigated under different temperature conditions utilizing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Our results revealed that the temperature conditions greatly affected the dynamical heterogeneity and cross-linking density of the cured materials. An overview of the microscopic mechanism of the curing process was clearly presented through comparison with the measurement results of other methods, such as 1H-pulse nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The quantification of such heterogeneous dynamics is particularly useful for optimizing the curing conditions of various materials to improve their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hoshino
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Okamoto
- DENSO CORPORATION, 1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi, 448-8661, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- DENSO CORPORATION, 1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi, 448-8661, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
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8
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Computational Study on Interfacial Interactions between Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cement and Hydroxyapatite in Nanoscale. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11072937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement (BC) is a key material in joint replacement surgery that transfers external forces from the implant to the bone while allowing their robust binding. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of polymerization on the thermomechanical properties of the BC and on the interaction characteristics with the bone ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp), molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The mechanical stiffness of the BC material under external loading increased gradually with the crosslinking reaction occurrence, indicating increasing load transfer between the constituent molecules. In addition, as the individual Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) segments were interconnected in the system, the freedom of the molecular network was largely suppressed, resulting in more thermally stable structures. Furthermore, the pull-out tests using HAp/BC bilayer models under different constraints (BC at 40% and 85%) revealed the cohesive characteristics of the BC with the bone scaffold in molecular detail. The stiffness and the fracture energy increased by 32% and 98%, respectively, with the crosslink density increasing.
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9
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Pásztor S, Becsei B, Szarka G, Thomann Y, Thomann R, Mühlhaupt R, Iván B. The Scissors Effect in Action: The Fox-Flory Relationship between the Glass Transition Temperature of Crosslinked Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Mc in Nanophase Separated Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)- l-Polyisobutylene Conetworks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4822. [PMID: 33126719 PMCID: PMC7663353 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is one of the most important properties of polymeric materials. In order to reveal whether the scissors effect, i.e., the Fox-Flory relationship between Tg and the average molecular weight between crosslinking points (Mc), reported only in one case for polymer conetworks so far, is more generally effective or valid only for a single case, a series of poly(methyl methacrylate)-l-polyisobutylene (PMMA-l-PIB) conetworks was prepared and investigated. Two Tgs were found for the conetworks by DSC. Fox-Flory type dependence between Tg and Mc of the PMMA component (Tg = Tg,∞ - K/Mc) was observed. The K constants for the PMMA homopolymer and for the PMMA in the conetworks were the same in the margin of error. AFM images indicated disordered bicontinuous, mutually nanoconfined morphology with average domain sizes of 5-20 nm, but the correlation between Tg and domain sizes was not found. These new results indicate that the macrocrosslinkers act like molecular scissors (scissors effect), and the Tg of PMMA depend exclusively on the Mc in the conetworks. Consequently, these findings mean that the scissors effect is presumably a general phenomenon in nanophase-separated polymer conetworks, and this finding could be utilized in designing, processing, and applications of these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Pásztor
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Bálint Becsei
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mühlhaupt
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
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10
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Sabater i Serra R, Molina-Mateo J, Torregrosa-Cabanilles C, Andrio-Balado A, Meseguer Dueñas JM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Bio-Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Zinc Alginate/Graphene Oxide: Morphology, Structural Conformation, Thermal Behavior/Degradation, and Dielectric Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030702. [PMID: 32235735 PMCID: PMC7183265 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-nanocomposite hydrogels based on sodium alginate (SA) as polymer matrix and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with zinc as crosslinking agent were synthesized with the aim of incorporating the intrinsic properties of their constituents (bioactivity and antimicrobial activity). Thus, stable and highly interconnected networks were obtained from GO nanosheets dispersed in SA matrices through interactions with low amounts of zinc. The GO nanosheets were successfully incorporated into the alginate matrix in the form of a complex nano-network involving different interactions: Bonds between alginate chains induced by Zn ions (egg box structure), interactions between GO nanosheets through Zn ions and hydrogen bonds between alginate chains, and GO nanosheets. The molecular interactions and morphology were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The composite’s structural organization showed enhanced thermal stability. The glass transition temperature shifted to a higher temperature due to the reduced mobility induced by additional crosslinking bonds after incorporating the GO nanosheets and Zn into the polymer matrix. Finally, the dielectric behavior revealed that charge carrier mobility was hampered by the compact structure of the nanonetwork, which reduced conductivity. The combined properties of these nanocomposite hydrogels make them attractive biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and wound care since both surface bioactivity and antibacterial behavior are two critical factors involved in the success of a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sabater i Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.i.S.); (Á.S.-A.)
| | - José Molina-Mateo
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
| | - Constantino Torregrosa-Cabanilles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
| | | | - José María Meseguer Dueñas
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.T.-C.); (J.M.M.D.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 València, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.i.S.); (Á.S.-A.)
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11
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Wu F, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Studies on why the heat deflection temperature of polylactide bioplastic cannot be improved by overcrosslinking. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Bioproduct Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of Guelph, Crop Science Building Guelph Ontario Canada
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph, Thornbrough Building Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproduct Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of Guelph, Crop Science Building Guelph Ontario Canada
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph, Thornbrough Building Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproduct Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of Guelph, Crop Science Building Guelph Ontario Canada
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph, Thornbrough Building Guelph Ontario Canada
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12
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Karpiński R, Szabelski J, Maksymiuk J. Effect of Physiological Fluids Contamination on Selected Mechanical Properties of Acrylate Bone Cement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3963. [PMID: 31795371 PMCID: PMC6926979 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study analyses the degradation rate of selected mechanical properties of bone cement contaminated with human blood and saline solution. During the polymerisation stage, the PMMA cement specimens were supplemented with the selected physiological fluids in a range of concentrations from 0% to 10%. The samples were then subjected to the standardised compression tests, as per ISO 5833: 2002, and hardness tests. The obtained results were analysed statistically to display the difference in the degradation of the material relative to the degree of contamination. Subsequently, numerical modelling was employed to determine the mathematical relationship between the degree of contamination and the material strength degradation rate. The introduction of various concentrations of contaminants into the cement mass resulted in a statistically significant change in their compressive strength. It was shown that the addition of more than 4% of saline and more than 6% of blood (by weight) causes that the specimens exhibit lower strength than the minimum critical value of 70 MPa, specified in the abovementioned International Standard. It was further revealed that the cement hardness characteristics degraded accordingly. The mathematical models showed a very good fit with the results from the experiments: The coefficient of determination R2 was 0.987 in the case of the linear hardness model for blood and 0.983 for salt solution; secondly, the values of R2 for the third-degree polynomial model of compressive strength were 0.88 for blood and 0.92 for salt. From the results, it can be seen that there is a quantitative/qualitative relationship between the contamination rate and the drop in the tested mechanical characteristics. Therefore, great effort must be taken to minimise the contact of the bone cement with physiological fluids, which naturally occur in the operative field, particularly when the material cures, in order to prevent the cement material strength declining below the minimum threshold specified in the ISO standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Karpiński
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Szabelski
- Section of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computerization and Production Robotization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Maksymiuk
- Orthopaedic Department, Łęczna Hospital, Krasnystawska 52, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland
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13
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Shen J, Lin X, Liu J, Li X. Effects of Cross-Link Density and Distribution on Static and Dynamic Properties of Chemically Cross-Linked Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsong Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Nanhu College, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
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14
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Wiegand MJ, Faraci KL, Reed BE, Hasenwinkel JM. Enhancing mechanical properties of an injectable two-solution acrylic bone cement using a difunctional crosslinker. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:783-790. [PMID: 30184331 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two-solution bone cements modified with ethylene glycol-dimethacrylate (EG-DMA) as a crosslinker have been developed as an attempt to further improve the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement. The result of this study shows that EG-DMA can increase the mechanical properties and fractional monomer conversion while preserving the thermal characteristics. The strength and bending modulus increase with EG-DMA concentrations at 5-10 vol % EG-DMA. Substituting the EG-DMA content past 10 vol % decreases the bending properties due to the effects of reduced monomer concentrations. Strengthened EG-DMA samples demonstrated an increase in ductility with noticeably different fracture surface morphologies than the control samples, indicated by microtroughs and ridge formation caused by excessive plastic strain. This work provides insight into the effect of substituting a crosslinker for MMA monomer in an injectable two-solution system and lays out the ideal concentrations of EG-DMA for superior mechanical or fractional monomer conversion properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 783-790, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wiegand
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244
| | - Kennedy L Faraci
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244
| | - Brittany E Reed
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244
| | - Julie M Hasenwinkel
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244
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15
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Vyazovkin S. "Nothing Can Hide Itself from Thy Heat": Understanding Polymers via Unconventional Applications of Thermal Analysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800334. [PMID: 30033550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article surveys some exciting possibilities and results offered by less common, yet essential applications of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The applications are concerned with the most commonly studied processes of the glass transition, crystallization, melting, polymerization, and degradation. Issues related to the glass transition include the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and fragility, kinetic complexity of physical aging, evaluation of cooperatively rearranging regions, and rigid amorphous fraction. Discussion of crystallization covers separation of heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation, crystallization controlled by physical aging, and the use of isoconversional methods for determining the Hoffman-Lauritzen parameters. For melting, the role of reorganization and nucleation control is emphasized. For the thermal degradation and polymerization, advanced kinetic treatments as a way of obtaining mechanistic insights are discussed, and the possibility of studying both processes during continuous cooling is stressed. The possibility of using TGA for monitoring polycondensation is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vyazovkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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16
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Švajdlenková H, Šauša O, Mat́ko I, Koch T, Gorsche C. Investigating the Free-Volume Characteristics of Regulated Dimethacrylate Networks Below and Above Glass Transition Temperature. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švajdlenková
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers; Polymer Institute of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Department of Nuclear Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Igor Mat́ko
- Department of Metal Physics; Institute of Physics of SAS; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; TU Wien and Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC 1060 Vienna Austria
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17
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Guseva DV, Rudyak VY, Komarov PV, Sulimov AV, Bulgakov BA, Chertovich AV. Crosslinking mechanisms, structure and glass transition in phthalonitrile resins: Insight from computer multiscale simulations and experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Victorovna Guseva
- Faculty of Physics; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-2; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Pavel Vyacheslavovich Komarov
- Department of General Physics; Tver State University, Sadovyj per., 35; Tver 170002 Russia
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 28; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Boris Anatolievich Bulgakov
- Institute of New Carbon Materials and Technologies, Leninskie Gory, 1-11; Moscow 119991 Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3; Moscow 119991 Russia
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Sabater I Serra R, León-Boigues L, Sánchez-Laosa A, Gómez-Estrada L, Gómez Ribelles JL, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Gallego Ferrer G. Role of chemical crosslinking in material-driven assembly of fibronectin (nano)networks: 2D surfaces and 3D scaffolds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:324-332. [PMID: 27619185 PMCID: PMC5109969 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethyl acrylate) crosslinking alters adsorbed fibronectin (FN) organization. FN fibrillogenesis induced by poly(ethyl acrylate) is kept up to 2% of crosslinker. Adsorbed FN on scaffolds showed physiological-like nano(networks). FN fibrillogenesis induced by poly(ethyl acrylate) was proved in 3D environments.
Poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) induces the formation of biomimetic fibronectin (FN) (nano)networks upon simple adsorption from solutions, a process referred to as material-driven FN fibrillogenesis. The ability of PEA to organize FN has been demonstrated in 2D and 2.5D environments, but not as yet in 3D scaffolds, which incorporate three-dimensionality and chemical crosslinkers that may influence its fibrillogenic potential. In this paper we show for the first time that while three-dimensionality does not interfere with PEA-induced FN fibrillogenesis, crosslinking does, and we determined the maximum amount of crosslinker that can be added to PEA to maintain FN fibrillogenesis. For this, we synthesised 2D substrates with different amounts of crosslinker (1–10% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and studied the role of crosslinking in FN organization using AFM. The glass transition temperature was seen to increase with crosslinking density and, accordingly, polymer segmental mobility was reduced. The organization of FN after adsorption (formation of FN fibrils) and the availability of the FN cell-binding domain were found to be dependent on crosslinking density. Surface mobility was identified as a key parameter for FN supramolecular organization. PEA networks with up to 2% crosslinker organize the FN in a similar way to non-crosslinked PEA. Scaffolds prepared with 2% crosslinker also had FN (nano)networks assembled on their walls, showing PEA’s ability to induce FN fibrillogenesis in 3D environments as long as the amounts of crosslinker is low enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sabater I Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Laia León-Boigues
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Laosa
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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20
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Guseva DV, Komarov PV, Lyulin AV. Computational synthesis, structure, and glass transition of (1,4) Cis-polyisoprene-based nanocomposite by multiscale modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Guseva
- Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Department of Applied Physics; Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Chair of Polymer and Crystal Physics, Physics Department; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Pavel V. Komarov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Department of Theoretical Physics; Tver State University; Sadovyj per. 35 Tver 170002 Russia
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Department of Applied Physics; Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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21
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Correlation between fragility and cooperativity in segmental dynamics of glass-forming para-substituted polystyrenes. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Dobircau L, Delpouve N, Herbinet R, Domenek S, Le Pluart L, Delbreilh L, Ducruet V, Dargent E. Molecular mobility and physical ageing of plasticized poly(lactide). POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Dobircau
- AMME-LECAP EA4528 International Laboratory; Institut des Matériaux de Rouen, Université et INSA de Rouen; BP12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- AMME-LECAP EA4528 International Laboratory; Institut des Matériaux de Rouen, Université et INSA de Rouen; BP12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex France
| | - Romuald Herbinet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire Thio-organique (LCMT), UMR 6507, INC3M, FR3038, Ensicaen & Université de Caen; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- AgroParisTech, UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 Avenue des Olympiades 91300 Massy France
| | - Loïc Le Pluart
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire Thio-organique (LCMT), UMR 6507, INC3M, FR3038, Ensicaen & Université de Caen; 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- AMME-LECAP EA4528 International Laboratory; Institut des Matériaux de Rouen, Université et INSA de Rouen; BP12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex France
| | - Violette Ducruet
- INRA, UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments; 1 Avenue des Olympiades 91300 Massy France
| | - Eric Dargent
- AMME-LECAP EA4528 International Laboratory; Institut des Matériaux de Rouen, Université et INSA de Rouen; BP12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex France
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23
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Min K, Silberstein M, Aluru NR. Crosslinking PMMA: Molecular dynamics investigation of the shear response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Min
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Meredith Silberstein
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - N. R. Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 405 N. Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
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25
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Stathopoulos AT, Kyritsis A, Ferrer GG, Gómez Ribelles JL, Christodoulides C, Pissis P. Cooperative Segmental Motions in Ethyl Acrylate/Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Copolymer Networks Studied by Dielectric Techniques. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201755y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T. Stathopoulos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, P.O. Box 22012, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valencia, Spain
| | - Costas Christodoulides
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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Spoljaric S, Genovese A, Goh TK, Blencowe A, Qiao GG, Shanks RA. Enthalpy and Volume Relaxation of Core-Crosslinked Star Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Sasaki T, Kuroda R, Teramoto M, Yonezawa S, Tsuji H, Sakurai K, Irie S. Glass transition properties of PMMA thin shells deposited on rodlike calcium carbonate particles. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Liu J, Cao D, Zhang L. Static and dynamic properties of model elastomer with various cross-linking densities: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:034903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3179691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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