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Sangild PT. Science and Faith to Understand Milk Bioactivity for Infants. Nutrients 2024; 16:1676. [PMID: 38892610 PMCID: PMC11174769 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk bioactivity refers to the specific health effects of milk components beyond nutrition. The science of milk bioactivity involves the systematic study of these components and their health effects, as verified by empirical data, controlled experiments, and logical arguments. Conversely, 'faith in milk bioactivity' can be defined as personal opinion, meaning, value, trust, and hope for health effects that are beyond investigation by natural, social, or human sciences. Faith can be strictly secular, but also influenced by spirituality or religion. The aim of this paper is to show that scientific knowledge is frequently supplemented with faith convictions to establish personal and public understanding of milk bioactivity. Mammalian milk is an immensely complex fluid containing myriad proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and micronutrients with multiple functions across species, genetics, ages, environments, and cultures. Human health includes not only physical health, but also social, mental, and spiritual health, requiring widely different fields of science to prove the relevance, safety, and efficacy of milk interventions. These complex relationships between milk feeding and health outcomes prevent firm conclusions based on science and logic alone. Current beliefs in and understanding of the value of breast milk, colostrum, infant formula, or isolated milk proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and growth factors) show that both science and faith contribute to understand, stimulate, or restrict the use of milk bioactivity. The benefits of breastfeeding for infants are beyond doubt, but the strong beliefs in its health effects rely not only on science, and mechanisms are unclear. Likewise, fear of, or trust in, infant formula may rely on both science and faith. Knowledge from science safeguards individuals and society against 'milk bioactivity superstition'. Conversely, wisdom from faith-based convictions may protect science from unrealistic 'milk bioactivity scientism'. Honesty and transparency about the potentials and limitations of both scientific knowledge and faith convictions are important when informing individuals and society about the nutritious and bioactive qualities of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per T. Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cross-Faculty Center for Science and Faith, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lüthi SC, Howald A, Nowak K, Graage R, Bartolomei G, Neupert C, Sidler X, Leslie Pedrioli D, Hottiger MO. Establishment of a Mass-Spectrometry-Based Method for the Identification of the In Vivo Whole Blood and Plasma ADP-Ribosylomes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3090-3101. [PMID: 34032442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood and plasma proteins are heavily investigated as biomarkers for different diseases. However, the post-translational modification states of these proteins are rarely analyzed since blood contains many enzymes that rapidly remove these modifications after sampling. In contrast to the well-described role of protein ADP-ribosylation in cells and organs, its role in blood remains mostly uncharacterized. Here, we discovered that plasma phosphodiesterases and/or ADP-ribosylhydrolases rapidly demodify in vitro ADP-ribosylated proteins. Thus, to identify the in vivo whole blood and plasma ADP-ribosylomes, we established a mass-spectrometry-based workflow that was applied to blood samples collected from LPS-treated pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), which serves as a model for human systemic inflammatory response syndrome. These analyses identified 60 ADP-ribosylated proteins, 17 of which were ADP-ribosylated plasma proteins. This new protocol provides an important step forward for the rapidly developing field of ADP-ribosylation and defines the blood and plasma ADP-ribosylomes under both healthy and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Lüthi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Anna Howald
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Nowak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Robert Graage
- Department of Farm Animals, Division of Swine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Xaver Sidler
- Department of Farm Animals, Division of Swine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Deena Leslie Pedrioli
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Zorzetti N, D'Andrea V, Lauro A. Proteomic biomarkers in short bowel syndrome : are we ready to use them in clinical activity? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:285-293. [PMID: 33910424 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1924063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a clinical condition that can affect childhood and adult patients. Biomarker research is expected to be a new frontier in the clinical application, helpful for patients and health-care systems.Areas covered: SBS is usually a consequence of a massive intestinal resection that leads to an intestinal failure because of the reduction of absorptive surface, bacterial overgrowth, and faster intestinal transit. This new condition requires a multidisciplinary expertise to achieve again digestive autonomy. Parental nutrition (PN) supports nutritional status in SBS patients while the new guidelines on intestinal transplantation confirm its strict indication only for patients at actual risk of death on PN. A PubMed literature review from the 1980s up to date was performed, highlighting proteomic biomarkers and growth factor therapies that have shown so far promising results in SBS patients.Expert opinion: Apart from a few specific biomarkers and growth factors, the discovery of specific molecular events is currently under investigation of the proteomic analysis and could potentially represent fundamental, future changes in prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic management, and experimental practices in SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Zorzetti
- Department of General Surgery, "Ospedale Civile Umberto I", Lugo, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Jiang YN, Ye YX, Sangild PT, Thymann T, Engelsen SB, Khakimov B, Jiang PP. Plasma Metabolomics to Evaluate Progression of Necrotising Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050283. [PMID: 33946896 PMCID: PMC8146597 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a microbiome-dependent gut disease in preterm infants in early life. Antibiotic treatment is a common intervention for NEC. How NEC lesions, with or without antibiotics, affect plasma metabolome was explored in this study. Formula-fed preterm pigs were used as a model for human NEC and treated with saline, parenteral or oral antibiotics (n = 15-17) for four days after delivery. Gut tissues were collected for evaluation of NEC-like lesions and plasma for metabolomic analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Metabolites were annotated, quantified and subjected to statistical modelling to delineate the effects of NEC and antibiotic treatment. Presence of severe NEC lesions, not antibiotic treatment, was the main drive for plasma metabolite changes. Relative to other pigs, pigs with severe NEC lesions had higher levels of alanine, histidine and myo-inositol, and lower levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and isobutyric acid. Across NEC lesion states (healthy, mild, severe), antibiotics directly affected only a few metabolites (tryptophan, 3-phenyllactic acid). Together and independently, NEC and antibiotic treatment affected circulating metabolites in preterm pigs. Amino acids and plasma metabolites, partly related to the gut microbiome, may be helpful to monitor progression of NEC lesions after proper validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.-N.J.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Yong-Xin Ye
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.-N.J.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.T.S.); (T.T.)
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.T.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.B.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.B.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.-N.J.); (Y.-X.Y.)
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.T.S.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Proteomic alteration of porcine intestinal epithelial cells after pretreatment with Lactobacillus plantarum followed by infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 222:109943. [PMID: 32146421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 causes diarrhea in infants and weaned piglets. The technique of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used in this study to determine the differentially expressed proteins in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) after pretreatment with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) followed by challenge with ETEC F4. A total of 4771 proteins were identified in IPEC-J2 cells, with 90, 105, and 134 differentially expressed proteins in cells exposed to ETEC, LP, and LP + ETEC, respectively. The COG analysis divided the identified proteins into 20 categories. The GO and KEGG annotation indicated that most of the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in various biological metabolism including cell cycle control, cell division and differentiation. Additionally, western blotting analyses confirmed the reduced abundance of selected proteins of the mTOR and MAPK signal pathways affected by ETEC F4. Moreover, LP pretreatment increased JNK activation in IPEC-J2 cells infected with ETEC F4. These results may provide further insights into the mechanisms involved in the interaction between ETEC F4 and intestinal epithelial cells, and broaden the understanding of the protective effects of LP in alleviating ETEC-provoked diarrhea of piglets.
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Tao S, Bai Y, Li T, Li N, Wang J. Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage. FASEB J 2019; 33:9897-9912. [PMID: 31170357 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900204rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The deteriorative effect of low birth weight (LBW) on the mucosal permeability of the small intestine in piglets has been widely confirmed. However, whether the hindgut epithelial barrier function in LBW pigs is deteriorated during the growing stage is still unclear. Our study investigated differences in the hindgut epithelial barrier function between LBW and normal birth weight pigs during the growing stage (d 90). Our data demonstrated that the hindgut epithelium of LBW pigs has a high histopathological score, accompanied by decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis rate, as well as elevated expression and activity of caspase-3. In addition, the number of intestinal goblet cells and gene expression of mucin 2 were significantly down-regulated in LBW pigs. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) was markedly inhibited by the LBW. The mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 was significantly increased in the hindgut mucosa of LBW pigs. Furthermore, our data revealed that LBW altered the intestinal microbial community in the hindgut mucosa of pigs. Collectively, these finding add to our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for hindgut epithelial barrier dysfunction in LBW pigs during the growing stage and facilitate the development of nutritional intervention strategies.-Tao, S., Bai, Y., Li, T., Li, N., Wang, J. Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Hu Y, Hu L, Gong D, Lu H, Xuan Y, Wang R, Wu D, Chen D, Zhang K, Gao F, Che L. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in jejunum of Sus scrofa with intrauterine growth restriction. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:807-818. [PMID: 29392408 PMCID: PMC6061055 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may elicit a series of postnatal body developmental and metabolic diseases due to their impaired growth and development in the mammalian embryo/fetus during pregnancy. In the present study, we hypothesized that IUGR may lead to abnormally regulated DNA methylation in the intestine, causing intestinal dysfunctions. We applied reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) technology to study the jejunum tissues from four newborn IUGR piglets and their normal body weight (NBW) littermates. The results revealed extensively regional DNA methylation changes between IUGR/NBW pairs from different gilts, affecting dozens of genes. Hiseq-based bisulfite sequencing PCR (Hiseq-BSP) was used for validations of 19 genes with epigenetic abnormality, confirming three genes (AIFM1, MTMR1, and TWIST2) in extra samples. Furthermore, integrated analysis of these 19 genes with proteome data indicated that there were three main genes (BCAP31, IRAK1, and AIFM1) interacting with important immunity- or metabolism-related proteins, which could explain the potential intestinal dysfunctions of IUGR piglets. We conclude that IUGR can lead to disparate DNA methylation in the intestine and these changes may affect several important biological processes such as cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, and immunity, which provides more clues linking IUGR and its long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Desheng Gong
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Hanlin Lu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Yin L, Yang H, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Wu G, Yin Y. Pig models on intestinal development and therapeutics. Amino Acids 2017; 49:2099-2106. [PMID: 28986749 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption, and has a crucial impact on the entire organism. Much attention is being paid to utilize animal models to study the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in response to intestinal development and health. The piglet has a body size similar to that of the human and is an omnivorous animal with comparable anatomy, nutritional requirements, and digestive and associated inflammatory processes, and displays similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, which make piglets more appropriate as an animal model for human than other non-primate animals. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize key attributes of the piglet model with which to study human intestinal development and intestinal health through probing into the etiology of several gastrointestinal diseases, thus providing a theoretical and hopefully practical, basis for further studies on mammalian nutrition, health, and disease, and therapeutics. Given the comparable nutritional requirements and strikingly similar brain developmental patterns between young piglets and humans, the piglet has been used as an important translational model for studying neurodevelopmental outcomes influenced by pediatric nutrition. Because of similarities in anatomy and physiology between pigs and mankind, more emphasises are put on how to use the piglet model for human organ transplantation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqing Ding
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
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10
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Roles of amino acids in preventing and treating intestinal diseases: recent studies with pig models. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1277-1291. [PMID: 28616751 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are needed to study and understand a human complex disease. Because of their similarities in anatomy, structure, physiology, and pathophysiology, the pig has proven its usefulness in studying human gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diarrhea, and cancer. To understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, a number of experimental models generated in pigs are available, for example, through surgical manipulation, chemical induction, microbial infection, and genetic engineering. Our interests have been using amino acids as therapeutics in pig and human disease models. Amino acids not only play an important role in protein biosynthesis, but also exert significant physiological effects in regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, redox regulation, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and animal behavior. Recent studies in pigs have shown that specific dietary amino acids can improve intestinal integrity and function under normal and pathological conditions that protect the host from different diseases. In this review, we summarize several pig models in intestinal diseases and how amino acids can be used as therapeutics in treating pig and human diseases.
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11
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Hesselager MO, Codrea MC, Sun Z, Deutsch EW, Bennike TB, Stensballe A, Bundgaard L, Moritz RL, Bendixen E. The Pig PeptideAtlas: A resource for systems biology in animal production and biomedicine. Proteomics 2016; 16:634-44. [PMID: 26699206 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological research of Sus scrofa, the domestic pig, is of immediate relevance for food production sciences, and for developing pig as a model organism for human biomedical research. Publicly available data repositories play a fundamental role for all biological sciences, and protein data repositories are in particular essential for the successful development of new proteomic methods. Cumulative proteome data repositories, including the PeptideAtlas, provide the means for targeted proteomics, system-wide observations, and cross-species observational studies, but pigs have so far been underrepresented in existing repositories. We here present a significantly improved build of the Pig PeptideAtlas, which includes pig proteome data from 25 tissues and three body fluid types mapped to 7139 canonical proteins. The content of the Pig PeptideAtlas reflects actively ongoing research within the veterinary proteomics domain, and this article demonstrates how the expression of isoform-unique peptides can be observed across distinct tissues and body fluids. The Pig PeptideAtlas is a unique resource for use in animal proteome research, particularly biomarker discovery and for preliminary design of SRM assays, which are equally important for progress in research that supports farm animal production and veterinary health, as for developing pig models with relevance to human health research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marius C Codrea
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tue B Bennike
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Emøke Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Despite decades of research on necrotizing enterocolitis, we still do not fully understand the pathogenesis of the disease, how to prevent or how to treat the disease. However, as a result of recent significant advances in the microbiology, molecular biology, and cell biology of the intestine of premature infants and infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, there is some hope that research into this devastating disease will yield some important translation into improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eaton
- UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
| | - Clare M Rees
- UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Nigel J Hall
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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13
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Donovan SM. The Role of Lactoferrin in Gastrointestinal and Immune Development and Function: A Preclinical Perspective. J Pediatr 2016; 173 Suppl:S16-28. [PMID: 27234407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The early postnatal period is a critical time for gastrointestinal (GI) and immune development. Neonates fed mother's milk have more rapid GI and immune development than fed-formula infants. In addition, clinical and epidemiologic data provide strong evidence that breastfeeding reduces the incidence and/or severity of infectious diseases. Lactoferrin is a 77 kDa, iron-binding glycoprotein that is present at high concentration in human milk compared with bovine milk and infant formula. It is a multifunctional protein that mediates many of the physiological processes in which breastfed infants have advantages over their formula-fed peers, including promoting GI and immune development, protection from infections, and improved cognitive development. Feeding bovine lactoferrin or recombinant human lactoferrin was well tolerated and stimulated intestinal cell proliferation and increased villus length and crypt depth in piglets. Lactoferrin also influenced both systemic and GI immune development by stimulating a balanced T-helper-1/T-helper-2 cytokine immune response. Further, there was a tendency for immune cells to secrete more anti-inflammatory cytokines in an unstimulated state, while being primed for a robust pro-inflammatory response when presented with a bacterial trigger in piglets fed lactoferrin. These findings support clinical studies demonstrating benefits of dietary lactoferrin in the prevention of infections, late onset sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
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Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Astiz S, Ovilo C, Lopez-Bote CJ, Torres-Rovira L, Barbero A, Ayuso M, Garcia-Contreras C, Vazquez-Gomez M. Developmental Origins of Health and Disease in swine: implications for animal production and biomedical research. Theriogenology 2016; 86:110-9. [PMID: 27238437 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) addresses, from a large set of epidemiological evidences in human beings and translational studies in animal models, both the importance of genetic predisposition and the determinant role of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on adult morphomics and homeostasis. Compelling evidences suggest that both overnutrition and undernutrition may modify the intrauterine environment of the conceptus and may alter the expression of its genome and therefore its phenotype during prenatal and postnatal life. In fact, the DOHaD concept is an extreme shift in the vision of the factors conditioning adult phenotype and supposes a drastic change from a gene-centric perspective, only modified by lifestyle and nutritional strategies during juvenile development and adulthood, to a more holistic approach in which environmental, parental, and prenatal conditions are strongly determining postnatal development and homeostasis. The implications of DOHaD are profound in all the mammalian species and the present review summarizes current knowledge on causes and consequences of DOHaD in pigs, both for meat production and as a well-recognized model for biomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - S Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ovilo
- Department of Animal Genetics, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Torres-Rovira
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Barbero
- Faculty of Veterinary, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ayuso
- Faculty of Veterinary, UCM, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Astiz S, Vazquez-Gomez M, Garcia-Contreras C. Developmental origins of metabolic disorders: The need for biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets from adequate preclinical models. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2016; 10:50-55. [PMID: 29900100 PMCID: PMC5988611 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The research on obesity and associated disorders should rely on contrasted biomarkers. The discovery of biomarkers is flawed by inherent variability of human data. Hence, preclinical studies in animal models are essential.
The investigation on obesity and associated disorders have changed from an scenario in which genome drove the phenotype to a dynamic setup in which prenatal and early-postnatal conditions are determinant. However, research in human beings is difficult due to confounding factors (lifestyle and socioeconomic heterogeneity) plus ethical issues. Hence, there is currently an intensive effort for developing adequate preclinical models, aiming for an adequate combination of basic studies in rodent models and specific preclinical studies in large animals. The results of these research strategies may increase the identification and development of contrasted biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Susana Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Lab-RA, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Nguyen DN, Jiang P, Jacobsen S, Sangild PT, Bendixen E, Chatterton DEW. Protective effects of transforming growth factor β2 in intestinal epithelial cells by regulation of proteins associated with stress and endotoxin responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117608. [PMID: 25668313 PMCID: PMC4323210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 is an important anti-inflammatory protein in milk and colostrum. TGF-β2 supplementation appears to reduce gut inflammatory diseases in early life, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in young mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β2 protects immature intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remain to be more clearly elucidated before interventions in infants can be considered. Porcine IECs PsIc1 were treated with TGF-β2 and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and changes in the cellular proteome were subsequently analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-MS and LC-MS-based proteomics. TGF-β2 alone induced the differential expression of 13 proteins and the majority of the identified proteins were associated with stress responses, TGF-β and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling cascades. In particular, a series of heat shock proteins had similar differential trends as previously shown in the intestine of NEC-resistant preterm pigs and young mice. Furthermore, LC-MS-based proteomics and Western blot analyses revealed 20 differentially expressed proteins following treatment with TGF-β2 in LPS-challenged IECs. Thirteen of these proteins were associated with stress response pathways, among which five proteins were altered by LPS and restored by TGF-β2, whereas six were differentially expressed only by TGF-β2 in LPS-challenged IECs. Based on previously reported biological functions, these patterns indicate the anti-stress and anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β2 in IECs. We conclude that TGF-β2 of dietary or endogenous origin may regulate the IEC responses against LPS stimuli, thereby supporting cellular homeostasis and innate immunity in response to bacterial colonization, and the first enteral feeding in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Susanne Jacobsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per T. Sangild
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emøke Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dereck E. W. Chatterton
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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