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Aggarwal S, Selvaraj S, Subramanian JN, Vijayalakshmi MA, Patankar S, Srivastava S. Polyclonal Antibody Generation against PvTRAg for the Development of a Diagnostic Assay for Plasmodium vivax. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050835. [PMID: 36899977 PMCID: PMC10001162 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set forth a global call for eradicating malaria, caused majorly by the protozoan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The lack of diagnostic biomarkers for P. vivax, especially those that differentiate the parasite from P. falciparum, significantly hinders P. vivax elimination. Here, we show that P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigen (PvTRAg) can be a diagnostic biomarker for diagnosing P. vivax in malaria patients. We report that polyclonal antibodies against purified PvTRAg protein show interactions with purified PvTRAg and native PvTRAg using Western blots and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also developed an antibody-antigen-based qualitative assay using biolayer interferometry (BLI) to detect vivax infection using plasma samples from patients with different febrile diseases and healthy controls. The polyclonal anti-PvTRAg antibodies were used to capture free native PvTRAg from the patient plasma samples using BLI, providing a new expansion range to make the assay quick, accurate, sensitive, and high-throughput. The data presented in this report provides a proof of concept for PvTRAg, a new antigen, for developing a diagnostic assay for P. vivax identification and differentiation from the rest of the Plasmodium species and, at a later stage, translating the BLI assay into affordable, point-of-care formats to make it more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Aggarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610010, Israel
| | - Selvamano Selvaraj
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | | | | | - Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-(22)-2576-7779
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2
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Abstract
"The Primate Malarias" book has been a uniquely important resource for multiple generations of scientists, since its debut in 1971, and remains pertinent to the present day. Indeed, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been instrumental for major breakthroughs in basic and pre-clinical research on malaria for over 50 years. Research involving NHPs have provided critical insights and data that have been essential for malaria research on many parasite species, drugs, vaccines, pathogenesis, and transmission, leading to improved clinical care and advancing research goals for malaria control, elimination, and eradication. Whilst most malaria scientists over the decades have been studying Plasmodium falciparum, with NHP infections, in clinical studies with humans, or using in vitro culture or rodent model systems, others have been dedicated to advancing research on Plasmodium vivax, as well as on phylogenetically related simian species, including Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium coatneyi, and Plasmodium knowlesi. In-depth study of these four phylogenetically related species over the years has spawned the design of NHP longitudinal infection strategies for gathering information about ongoing infections, which can be related to human infections. These Plasmodium-NHP infection model systems are reviewed here, with emphasis on modern systems biological approaches to studying longitudinal infections, pathogenesis, immunity, and vaccines. Recent discoveries capitalizing on NHP longitudinal infections include an advanced understanding of chronic infections, relapses, anaemia, and immune memory. With quickly emerging new technological advances, more in-depth research and mechanistic discoveries can be anticipated on these and additional critical topics, including hypnozoite biology, antigenic variation, gametocyte transmission, bone marrow dysfunction, and loss of uninfected RBCs. New strategies and insights published by the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) are recapped here along with a vision that stresses the importance of educating future experts well trained in utilizing NHP infection model systems for the pursuit of innovative, effective interventions against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Galinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center (Yerkes National Primate Research Center), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Lee H, Kim SI. Review of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analyses of Body Fluids to Diagnose Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042187. [PMID: 35216306 PMCID: PMC8878692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and precise diagnostic methods are required to control emerging infectious diseases effectively. Human body fluids are attractive clinical samples for discovering diagnostic targets because they reflect the clinical statuses of patients and most of them can be obtained with minimally invasive sampling processes. Body fluids are good reservoirs for infectious parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Therefore, recent clinical proteomics methods have focused on body fluids when aiming to discover human- or pathogen-originated diagnostic markers. Cutting-edge liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomics has been applied in this regard; it is considered one of the most sensitive and specific proteomics approaches. Here, the clinical characteristics of each body fluid, recent tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) data-acquisition methods, and applications of body fluids for proteomics regarding infectious diseases (including the coronavirus disease of 2019 [COVID-19]), are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea;
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea;
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence:
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4
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Aggarwal S, Peng WK, Srivastava S. Multi-Omics Advancements towards Plasmodium vivax Malaria Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2222. [PMID: 34943459 PMCID: PMC8700291 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria is one of the most lethal infectious diseases, with 7 million infections annually. One of the roadblocks to global malaria elimination is the lack of highly sensitive, specific, and accurate diagnostic tools. The absence of diagnostic tools in particular has led to poor differentiation among parasite species, poor prognosis, and delayed treatment. The improvement necessary in diagnostic tools can be broadly grouped into two categories: technologies-driven and omics-driven progress over time. This article discusses the recent advancement in omics-based malaria for identifying the next generation biomarkers for a highly sensitive and specific assay with a rapid and antecedent prognosis of the disease. We summarize the state-of-the-art diagnostic technologies, the key challenges, opportunities, and emerging prospects of multi-omics-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Aggarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Building A1, University Innovation Park, Dongguan 523808, China
- Precision Medicine-Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India;
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5
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Yerlikaya S, Owusu EDA, Frimpong A, DeLisle RK, Ding XC. A Dual, Systematic Approach to Malaria Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:40-51. [PMID: 34718455 PMCID: PMC8752250 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that lack HRP2/3 proteins and the resulting decreased utility of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) prompted the World Health Organization and other global health stakeholders to prioritize the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers for malaria. Methods To address this pressing need, we adopted a dual, systematic approach by conducting a systematic review of the literature for publications on diagnostic biomarkers for uncomplicated malaria and a systematic in silico analysis of P. falciparum proteomics data for Plasmodium proteins with favorable diagnostic features. Results Our complementary analyses led us to 2 novel malaria diagnostic biomarkers compatible for use in an RDT format: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase. Conclusions Overall, our results pave the way for the development of next-generation malaria RDTs based on new antigens by identifying 2 lead candidates with favorable diagnostic features and partially de-risked product development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Yerlikaya
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ewurama D A Owusu
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustina Frimpong
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Xavier C Ding
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Kumar V, Ray S, Ghantasala S, Srivastava S. An Integrated Quantitative Proteomics Workflow for Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Validation in Plasma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:543997. [PMID: 33072574 PMCID: PMC7538778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.543997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is one of the most widely used samples for cancer biomarker discovery research as well as clinical investigations for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the plasma proteome is extremely complex due to its wide dynamic range of protein concentrations and the presence of high-abundance proteins. Here we have described an optimized, integrated quantitative proteomics pipeline combining the label-free and multiplexed-labeling-based (iTRAQ and TMT) plasma proteome profiling methods for biomarker discovery, followed by the targeted approaches for validation of the identified potential marker proteins. In this workflow, the targeted quantitation of proteins is carried out by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) and parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry. Thus, our approach enables both unbiased screenings of biomarkers and their subsequent selective validation in human plasma. The overall procedure takes only ~2 days to complete, including the time for data acquisition (excluding database searching). This protocol is quick, flexible, and eliminates the need for a separate immunoassay-based validation workflow in blood cancer biomarker investigations. We anticipate that this plasma proteomics workflow will help to accelerate the cancer biomarker discovery program and provide a valuable resource to the cancer research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Saicharan Ghantasala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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7
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Taunk K, Kalita B, Kale V, Chanukuppa V, Naiya T, Zingde SM, Rapole S. The development and clinical applications of proteomics: an Indian perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:433-451. [PMID: 32576061 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1787157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteomic research has been extensively used to identify potential biomarkers or targets for various diseases. Advances in mass spectrometry along with data analytics have led proteomics to become a powerful tool for exploring the critical molecular players associated with diseases, thereby, playing a significant role in the development of proteomic applications for the clinic. AREAS COVERED This review presents recent advances in the development and clinical applications of proteomics in India toward understanding various diseases including cancer, metabolic diseases, and reproductive diseases. Keywords combined with 'clinical proteomics in India' 'proteomic research in India' and 'mass spectrometry' were used to search PubMed. EXPERT OPINION The past decade has seen a significant increase in research in clinical proteomics in India. This approach has resulted in the development of proteomics-based marker technologies for disease management in the country. The majority of these investigations are still in the discovery phase and efforts have to be made to address the intended clinical use so that the identified potential biomarkers reach the clinic. To move toward this necessity, there is a pressing need to establish some key infrastructure requirements and meaningful collaborations between the clinicians and scientists which will enable more effective solutions to address health issues specific to India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal , Haringhata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaikhari Kale
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Tufan Naiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal , Haringhata, West Bengal, India
| | - Surekha M Zingde
- CH3-53, Kendriya Vihar, Sector 11, Kharghar , Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Venkatesh A, Aggarwal S, Kumar S, Rajyaguru S, Kumar V, Bankar S, Shastri J, Patankar S, Srivastava S. Comprehensive proteomics investigation of P. vivax-infected human plasma and parasite isolates. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:188. [PMID: 32122317 PMCID: PMC7053139 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent times, Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) has become a serious threat to public health due to its ability to cause severe infection with fatal outcomes. Its unique biology makes it resilient to control measures that are otherwise effective against P. falciparum. A deeper understanding of P. vivax biology and pathogenesis is, therefore, essential for developing the right control strategies. Proteomics of P. falciparum has been helpful in studying disease biology and elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in the development of disease. However, unlike P. falciparum, proteomics data for P. vivax infection is minimal due to the absence of a continuous culture system. The dependence on clinical samples and animal models has drastically limited P. vivax research, creating critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of the disease. This study describes an in-depth proteomics analysis of P. vivax-infected human plasma and parasite isolates, to understand parasite biology, pathogenesis, and to identify new diagnostic targets for P. vivax malaria. Methods A mass-spectrometry- (MS) based proteomics approach (Q Exactive) was applied to analyze human plasma and parasite isolates from vivax malaria patients visiting a primary health centre in India. Additionally, a targeted proteomics assay was standardized for validating unique peptides of most recurring parasite proteins. Results Thirty-eight P. vivax proteins were detected in human plasma with high confidence. Several glycolytic enzymes were found along with hypothetical, cytoskeletal, ribosomal, and nuclear proteins. Additionally, 103 highly abundant P. vivax proteins were detected in parasite isolates. This represents the highest number of parasite proteins to be reported from clinical samples so far. Interestingly, five of these; three Plasmodium exported proteins (PVX_003545, PVX_003555 and PVX_121935), a hypothetical protein (PVX_083555) and Pvstp1 (subtelomeric transmembrane protein 1, PVX_094303) were found in both plasma and parasite isolates. Conclusions A parasite proteomics investigation is essential to understand disease pathobiology and design novel interventions. Control strategies against P. vivax also depend on early diagnosis. This work provides deeper insights into the biology of P. vivax by identifying proteins expressed by the parasite during its complex life-cycle within the human host. The study also reports antigens that may be explored as diagnostic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Venkatesh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shalini Aggarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Swati Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Srushti Rajyaguru
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sheetal Bankar
- Department of Microbiology, T. N. Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayanthi Shastri
- Department of Microbiology, T. N. Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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9
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Transcriptome profiling of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri monkeys identifies potential ligands for invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7053-7061. [PMID: 30872477 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818485116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the case in Asia and Latin America, Plasmodium vivax infections are rare in sub-Saharan Africa due to the absence of the Duffy blood group antigen (Duffy antigen), the only known erythrocyte receptor for the P. vivax merozoite invasion ligand, Duffy binding protein 1 (DBP1). However, P. vivax infections have been documented in Duffy-negative individuals throughout Africa, suggesting that P. vivax may use ligands other than DBP1 to invade Duffy-negative erythrocytes through other receptors. To identify potential P. vivax ligands, we compared parasite gene expression in Saimiri and Aotus monkey erythrocytes infected with P. vivax Salvador I (Sal I). DBP1 binds Aotus but does not bind to Saimiri erythrocytes; thus, P. vivax Sal I must invade Saimiri erythrocytes independent of DBP1. Comparing RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data for late-stage infections in Saimiri and Aotus erythrocytes when invasion ligands are expressed, we identified genes that belong to tryptophan-rich antigen and merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) families that were more abundantly expressed in Saimiri infections compared with Aotus infections. These genes may encode potential ligands responsible for P. vivax infections of Duffy-negative Africans.
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10
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Srivastava S. Proteomics-Based Investigations of Neglected and Tropical Diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1800076. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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11
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Smith ML, Styczynski MP. Systems Biology-Based Investigation of Host-Plasmodium Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:617-632. [PMID: 29779985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious, complex disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium parasites affect multiple tissues as they evade immune responses, replicate, sexually reproduce, and transmit between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The explosion of omics technologies has enabled large-scale collection of Plasmodium infection data, revealing systems-scale patterns, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and the ways that host and pathogen affect each other. Here, we provide an overview of recent efforts using systems biology approaches to study host-Plasmodium interactions and the biological themes that have emerged from these efforts. We discuss some of the challenges in using systems biology for this goal, key research efforts needed to address those issues, and promising future malaria applications of systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren L Smith
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark P Styczynski
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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12
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Gunalan K, Niangaly A, Thera MA, Doumbo OK, Miller LH. Plasmodium vivax Infections of Duffy-Negative Erythrocytes: Historically Undetected or a Recent Adaptation? Trends Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29530446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the main cause of malarial disease in Asia and South America. Plasmodium vivax infection was thought to be absent in African populations who are Duffy blood group antigen negative (Duffy-negative). However, many cases of P. vivax infection have recently been observed in Duffy-negative Africans. This raises the question: were P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative populations previously missed or has P. vivax adapted to infect Duffy-negative populations? This review focuses on recent P. vivax findings in Africa and reports views on the parasite ligands that may play a role in Duffy-negative P. vivax infections. In addition, clues gained from studying P. vivax infection of reticulocytes are presented, which may provide possible avenues for establishing P. vivax culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthigayan Gunalan
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; These authors contributed equally.
| | - Amadou Niangaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; These authors contributed equally
| | - Mahamadou A Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Louis H Miller
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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13
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Patankar S, Sharma S, Rathod PK, Duraisingh MT. Malaria in India: The Need for New Targets for Diagnosis and Detection of Plasmodium vivax. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700024. [PMID: 29193853 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is a protozoan parasite that is one of the causative agents of human malaria. Due to several occult features of its life cycle, P. vivax threatens to be a problem for the recent efforts toward elimination of malaria globally. With an emphasis on malaria elimination goals, the authors summarize the major gaps in P. vivax diagnosis and describe how proteomics technologies have begun to contribute toward the discovery of antigens that could be used for various technology platforms and applications. The authors suggest areas where, in the future, proteomics technologies could fill in gaps in P. vivax diagnosis that have proved difficult. The discovery of new parasite antigens, host responses, and immune signatures using proteomics technologies will be a key part of the global malaria elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shobhona Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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