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Huang X, Wang X, Wang Q, Xu X, Zhao S. Promoting Cross-Link Reaction of Polymers by the Matrix-Filler Interface Effect: Role of Coupling Agents and Intermediate Linkers. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5534-5541. [PMID: 38785140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The matrix-filler interface effect plays an important role in determining the structural stability and mechanical properties of polymer composite materials, which remain ambiguous and need to be studied. The network-forming dynamics of poly(3,3-bis (azidomethyl) oxetane-tetrahydrofuran) (PBT) at the ammonium perchlorate (AP) surface was studied by using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, considering the additives of curing agent toluene diisocyanate (TDI), cross-linker trimethylolpropane (TMP), and coupling agent triethanolamine (TEA). The presence of the AP surface promotes chain cross-link reaction, which is attributed to the increased production of intermediate linkers formed by TDI, TMP, and TEA. The intermediate linker has three reactive sites that can react with PBT main chains to form a cross-linked structure. Owing to the strong interaction with the AP surface, the coupling agent TEA plays a dominant role in forming the intermediate linker. At the early stage of network forming (reaction ratio r < 30%), the AP surface adsorbs TEA, which leads to a maximum contact density to PBT. As r increases to 60%, the density of intermediate linkers near the AP surface reaches a maximum value. Consequently, the chain cross-link reactions between the intermediate linker and PBT main chains are enhanced as r > 60%. This work explains the micromechanism of the promotion of chain cross-link reaction by the interface effect and provides important insights on designing polymer materials with high mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuangliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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2
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Wang M, Li X, Li S, Li W, Stewart C, Yang Y, Liu F. Reinforcing effect of trifluoromethyl/amino-modified neutral polymeric bonding agents on interfacial bonding of fluoropolymer/nitramine energetic composites-based high-energy polymer bonded explosives. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Jing T, Heng X, Jingqing T, Haozhe L, Li L, Pingyun L, Xiaode G. Construction of a strong, fast self-healing adhesive for propellants based on the synergy of weak hydrogen bond array reorganization and disulfide exchange reactions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Li J, Jin Z, Jin B, Luo L, Peng R. Synthesis of Cu II and Cd II Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on 4,5-Bis(1-hydroxytetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,3-triazole and Their Effects as the Catalyst in Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17485-17493. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
| | - Liqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621010, China
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Wu X, Li J, Ren H, Jiao Q. Comparative Study on Thermal Response Mechanism of Two Binders during Slow Cook-Off. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173699. [PMID: 36080774 PMCID: PMC9460848 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The HTPE (hydroxyl-terminated polyether) propellant had a lower ignition temperature (150 °C vs. 240 °C) than the HTPB (hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene) propellant in the slow cook-off test. The reactions of the two propellants were combustion and explosion, respectively. A series of experiments including the changes of colors and the intensity of infrared characteristic peaks were designed to characterize the differences in the thermal response mechanisms of the HTPB and HTPE binder systems. As a solid phase filler to accidental ignition, the weight loss and microscopic morphology of AP (30~230 °C) were observed by TG and SEM. The defects of the propellant caused by the cook-off were quantitatively analyzed by the box counting method. Above 120 °C, the HTPE propellant began to melt and disperse in the holes, filling the cracks, which generated during the decomposition of AP at a low temperature. Melting products were called the “high-temperature self-repair body”. A series of analyses proved that the different thermal responses of the two binders were the main cause of the slow cook-off results, which were likewise verified in the propellant mechanical properties and gel fraction test. From the microscopic point of view, the mechanism of HTPE’s slow cook-off performance superior to HTPB was revealed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Xiangyang 441003, China
| | - Hui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qingjie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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6
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Eissa MF, Ahmed M, Tarek ME, Ali MAE, Hosam EM. Aziridine type bonding agents for composite solid rocket propellant. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONFERENCE SERIES 2022; 2305:012023. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2305/1/012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Bonding agents, as a paramount component in the composite solid rocket propellant, effectively enhance the interactions between polybutadiene matrix and oxidizer. It mainly affects the processing ability, mechanical behavior, and aging. Bonding agent plays the role of an anonymous soldier to defeat stresses produced by loading conditions, changes in the environmental condition, and transportation of composite propellant. The role and the mechanism of aziridine type bonding agents are discussed focusing on a novel MST aziridine bonding agent (Tris-(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (MAPO) plus Stearic acid plus Tartaric acid) (poly (isopropylamine N(2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide octadecanoic)-co-(isopropylamine tartrate)). Preparation of composite solid propellant samples containing the same weight percentage of different bonding agents is conducted. Mechanical properties and aging behavior for the prepared samples were monitored to extract the impact of bonding agent type. Mechanical properties of the bonding agents were recorded at three different temperatures in order to simulate various environmental conditions. Results of stress-strain responses during uniaxial tensile tests showed that MST bonding agent has the strongest interaction with solid particles reaches a value of 50.4 % strain and 8.052 Kg/cm2 stress at normal conditions. Compared to MT-4 (produced from the reaction of 2 moles MAPO plus 0.7-mole Adipic acid and 0.3-mole Tartaric acid) and MAPO, MST improved the aging behavior.
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Wu Z, Zhang J, Xu S, Li H, Zhou H, Zheng J, Pang A, Yang Y. Synthesis of two novel neutral polymeric bonding agents to enhance the mechanical properties of composite solid propellants. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19946-19952. [PMID: 35865213 PMCID: PMC9264331 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01842j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, only a few bonding agents can be utilized efficiently in nitramine filler material-based solid rocket energetic binder systems. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis and specific characterization of two kinds of neutral polymeric bonding agents (NPBA-1 and NPBA-2) and their application in composite propellants consisting of the nitramine octogen (HMX) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). The as-obtained NPBAs were well-coated on the surface of HMX and RDX due to their functionalized groups, and they significantly affected the viscosity of the uncured propellant mixtures and possessed obviously enhanced mechanical properties in the cured AP/HMX/GAP propellant mixtures, even at low concentrations (down to 0.001 wt% of the whole propellant). In addition, because of the existence of an epoxy group and no hydroxyl functionalities, NPBA-2 exhibited improved mechanical strength and glass transition temperature as compared to NPBA-1, which has plenty of reactive hydroxyl groups. The as-synthesized epoxy-modified NPBAs are essential for obtaining NEPE propellants with high bonding and mechanical properties. The NPBA-2-based composite solid propellant exhibited improved mechanical strength and glass transition due to the strong interactions between epoxy groups and HMX or RDX.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China .,Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 China
| | - Hongxu Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 China
| | - Jian Zheng
- China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 16 Fucheng Road, Haidian District Beijing 100048 China
| | - Aimin Pang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
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8
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Restasari A, Abdillah LH, Ardianingsih R, Prianto B, Pinalia A, Sitompul HRD, Kurdianto, Arisandi ED, al Rasyid H, Budi RS, Wibowo HB, Hartaya K. Particle packing models to determine time-dependent slip flow properties of highly filled polyurethane-based propellant. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-022-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Zhao X, Zhu W. Optimization and design for the curing process of solid azide propellant: Influence of typical components on the curing reactions of
PBT
binders with
TDI. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
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Xu S, Pang A, Wang Y, Pan X, Li S, Li H, Kong J. A Review on the Use of Burning Rate Suppressants in AP‐Based Composite Propellants. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi' an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Min Pang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Zhou Pan
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Wen Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Tao Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi' an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
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11
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Zhang Z, Li L, Dong L, Tian J, Meng T, Zhao Q, Yang J. Molecular mechanisms involved in supersaturation of Emodin ternary solid dispersions based on bonding agents. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2000-2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Xu S, Pang A, Wu Z, Li H, Li W, Kong J. Synthesis of Polyetheramine Based Bonding Agents and Their Effect on Mechanical Properties of an AP/CL‐20/GAP Formulation. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi' an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Min Pang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Tao Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology Xiangyang Hubei 441003 P. R. China
| | - Jie Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi' an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
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13
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Li Y, Yuan JM, Zhao W, Qu Y, Xing XW, Meng JW, Liu YC. Application and Development of 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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A Review of Polysiloxanes in Terms of Their Application in Explosives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071080. [PMID: 33805455 PMCID: PMC8036573 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysiloxanes are reviewed for their properties depending on the functionalization of a silicon–oxygen backbone chain. Next, the properties were referred to the requirements that polymers used in plastic/polymer-bonded explosive (PBX)-type explosives must meet. Finally, the current state and prospects for the implementation of polysiloxanes in plastic/polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) formulations are presented.
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15
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Zhang P, Tan W, Zhang X, Chen J, Yuan J, Deng J. Chemical Modification of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene and Its Application in Composite Propellants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjiayi Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xilong Zhang
- Hu Bei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 444200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianru Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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Gromov AA, Popenko EM, Sergienko AV, Slyusarsky KV, Nalivaiko AY, Ozherelkov DY, Larionov KB, Dzidziguri EL. Characterization of Aluminum Powders: IV. Effect of Nanometals on the Combustion of Aluminized Ammonium Nitrate‐Based Solid Propellants. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Gromov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena M. Popenko
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey V. Sergienko
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
| | | | - Anton Yu. Nalivaiko
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitriy Yu. Ozherelkov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Kirill B. Larionov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
| | - Ella L. Dzidziguri
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS 119049 Leninskiy pr. 4 Moscow Russia
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17
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Jing T, Heng X, Guifeng X, Ling C, Pingyun L, Xiaode G. Highly stretchable, high efficiency room temperature self-healing polyurethane adhesive based on hydrogen bonds – applicable to solid rocket propellants. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of weak hydrogen bonds based on the isophorone structure enables the polymer to have high stretchability and self-healing ability at room temperature to heal propellant damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Jing
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Heng
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Guifeng
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Ling
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Li Pingyun
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Xiaode
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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