1
|
Timm T, Hild C, Liebisch G, Rickert M, Lochnit G, Steinmeyer J. Functional Characterization of Lysophospholipids by Proteomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Cells 2023; 12:1743. [PMID: 37443777 PMCID: PMC10340184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid (SF) from human knee joints with osteoarthritis (OA) has elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species, but their functional role is not well understood. This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that various LPCs found elevated in OA SF and their metabolites, lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs), modulate the abundance of proteins and phospholipids (PLs) in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), with even minute chemical variations in lysophospholipids determining the extent of regulation. Cultured FLSs (n = 5-7) were treated with one of the LPC species, LPA species, IL-1β, or a vehicle. Tandem mass tag peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS/MS was performed to quantify proteins. The expression of mRNA from regulated proteins was analyzed using RT-PCR. PL synthesis was determined via ESI-MS/MS, and the release of radiolabeled PLs was determined by means of liquid scintillation counting. In total, 3960 proteins were quantified using multiplexed MS, of which 119, 8, and 3 were significantly and reproducibly regulated by IL-1β, LPC 16:0, and LPC 18:0, respectively. LPC 16:0 significantly inhibited the release of PLs and the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, LPC, and sphingomyelin. Neither LPC metabolite-LPA 16:0 nor LPA 18:0-had any reproducible effect on the levels of each protein. In conclusion, small chemical variations in LPC species can result in the significantly altered expression and secretion of proteins and PLs from FLSs. IL-1β influenced all proteins that were reproducibly regulated by LPC 16:0. LPC species are likely to modulate FLS protein expression only in more advanced OA stages with low IL-1β levels. None of the eight proteins being significantly regulated by LPC 16:0 have been previously reported in OA. However, our in vitro findings show that the CD81 antigen, calumenin, and B4E2C1 are promising candidates for further study, focusing in particular on their potential ability to modulate inflammatory and catabolic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Timm
- Protein Analytics Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Hild
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Motsinger LA, Okamoto LL, Ineck NE, Udy BA, Erickson CL, Harraq Y, Reichhardt CC, Murdoch GK, Thornton KJ. Understanding the Effects of Trenbolone Acetate, Polyamine Precursors, and Polyamines on Proliferation, Protein Synthesis Rates, and the Abundance of Genes Involved in Myoblast Growth, Polyamine Biosynthesis, and Protein Synthesis in Murine Myoblasts. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030446. [PMID: 36979138 PMCID: PMC10045634 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that androgens increase skeletal muscle growth by modulating polyamine biosynthesis. As such, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of anabolic hormones, polyamine precursors, and polyamines relative to proliferation, protein synthesis, and the abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, proliferation, and protein synthesis in C2C12 and Sol8 cells. Cultures were treated with anabolic hormones (trenbolone acetate and/or estradiol), polyamine precursors (methionine or ornithine), or polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, or spermine). Messenger RNA was isolated 0.5 or 1, 12, or 24 h post-treatment. The cell type had no effect (p > 0.10) on proliferation, protein synthesis, or mRNA abundance at any time point. Each treatment increased (p < 0.01) proliferation, and anabolic hormones increased (p = 0.04) protein synthesis. Polyamines increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Treatment with polyamine precursors decreased (p < 0.05) the abundance of mRNA involved in proliferation and protein synthesis. Overall, C2C12 and Sol8 myoblasts do not differ (p > 0.10) in proliferation, protein synthesis, or mRNA abundance at the time points assessed. Furthermore, anabolic hormones, polyamines, and polyamine precursors increase proliferation and protein synthesis, and polyamines and their precursors alter the abundance of mRNA involved in growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Motsinger
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Lillian L. Okamoto
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Nikole E. Ineck
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brynne A. Udy
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Christopher L. Erickson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Youssef Harraq
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Caleb C. Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Gordon K. Murdoch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Kara Jean Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +435-797-7696; Fax: +435-797-2118
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schranner D, Schönfelder M, Römisch‐Margl W, Scherr J, Schlegel J, Zelger O, Riermeier A, Kaps S, Prehn C, Adamski J, Söhnlein Q, Stöcker F, Kreuzpointner F, Halle M, Kastenmüller G, Wackerhage H. Physiological extremes of the human blood metabolome: A metabolomics analysis of highly glycolytic, oxidative, and anabolic athletes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14885. [PMID: 34152092 PMCID: PMC8215680 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metabolism is highly variable. At one end of the spectrum, defects of enzymes, transporters, and metabolic regulation result in metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or inborn errors of metabolism. At the other end of the spectrum, favorable genetics and years of training combine to result in physiologically extreme forms of metabolism in athletes. Here, we investigated how the highly glycolytic metabolism of sprinters, highly oxidative metabolism of endurance athletes, and highly anabolic metabolism of natural bodybuilders affect their serum metabolome at rest and after a bout of exercise to exhaustion. We used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to measure the serum concentrations of 151 metabolites and 43 metabolite ratios or sums in 15 competitive male athletes (6 endurance athletes, 5 sprinters, and 4 natural bodybuilders) and 4 untrained control subjects at fasted rest and 5 minutes after a maximum graded bicycle test to exhaustion. The analysis of all 194 metabolite concentrations, ratios and sums revealed that natural bodybuilders and endurance athletes had overall different metabolite profiles, whereas sprinters and untrained controls were more similar. Specifically, natural bodybuilders had 1.5 to 1.8-fold higher concentrations of specific phosphatidylcholines and lower levels of branched chain amino acids than all other subjects. Endurance athletes had 1.4-fold higher levels of a metabolite ratio showing the activity of carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase I and 1.4-fold lower levels of various alkyl-acyl-phosphatidylcholines. When we compared the effect of exercise between groups, endurance athletes showed 1.3-fold higher increases of hexose and of tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1). In summary, physiologically extreme metabolic capacities of endurance athletes and natural bodybuilders are associated with unique blood metabolite concentrations, ratios, and sums at rest and after exercise. Our results suggest that long-term specific training, along with genetics and other athlete-specific factors systematically change metabolite concentrations at rest and after exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schranner
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | | | - Johannes Scherr
- University Center for Prevention and Sports MedicineUniversity Hospital BalgristUniversität ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Otto Zelger
- Department of Prevention and Sports MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Annett Riermeier
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Stephanie Kaps
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental GeneticsTechnische Universität MünchenFreising‐WeihenstephanGermany
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Quirin Söhnlein
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Fabian Stöcker
- Teaching and Educational LabDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florian Kreuzpointner
- Prevention CenterDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Exercise BiologyDepartment of Sport and Health SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reichhardt CC, Ahmadpour A, Christensen RG, Ineck NE, Murdoch GK, Thornton KJ. Understanding the influence of trenbolone acetate and polyamines on proliferation of bovine satellite cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106479. [PMID: 32615508 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of beef cattle on feed in the United States receive at least one anabolic implant, which results in increased growth, efficiency, and economic return to producers. However, the complete molecular mechanism through which anabolic implants function to improve skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. This study had 2 objectives: (1) determine the effect of polyamines and their precursors on proliferation rate in bovine satellite cells (BSC); and (2) understand whether trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, has an impact on the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. To address these, BSC were isolated from 3 finished steers and cultured. Once cultures reached 75% confluency, they were treated in 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and/or 10 nM TBA, 10 mM methionine (Met), 8 mM ornithine (Orn), 2 mM putrescine (Put), 1.5 mM spermidine (Spd), or 0.5 mM spermine (Spe). Initially, a range of physiologically relevant concentrations of Met, Orn, Put, Spd, and Spe were tested to determine experimental doses to implement the aforementioned experiments. One, 12, or 24 h after treatment, mRNA was isolated from cultures and abundance of paired box transcription factor 7 (Pax7), Sprouty 1 (Spry), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (Mapk), ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), and S adenosylmethionine (Amd1) were determined, and normalized to 18S. No treatment × time interactions were observed (P ≥ 0.05). Treatment with TBA, Met, Orn, Put, Spd, or Spe increased (P ≤ 0.05) BSC proliferation when compared with control cultures. Treatment of cultures with Orn or Met increased (P ≤ 0.01) expression of Odc 1 h after treatment when compared with control cultures. Abundance of Amd1 was increased (P < 0.01) 1 h after treatment in cultures treated with Spd or Spe when compared with 1% FBS controls. Cultures treated with TBA had increased (P < 0.01) abundance of Spry mRNA 12 h after treatment, as well as increased mRNA abundance of Mapk (P < 0.01) 12 h and 24 h after treatment when compared with 1% FBS control cultures. Treatment with Met increased (P < 0.01) mRNA abundance of Pax7 1 h after treatment as compared with 1% FBS controls. These results indicate that treatments of BSC cultures with polyamines and their precursors increase BSC proliferation rate, as well as abundance of mRNA involved in cell proliferation. In addition, treatment of BSC cultures with TBA, polyamines, or polyamine precursors impacts expression of genes related to the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - A Ahmadpour
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - R G Christensen
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - N E Ineck
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - G K Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2330, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pascal LE, Su F, Wang D, Ai J, Song Q, Wang Y, O'Malley KJ, Cross B, Rigatti LH, Green A, Dhir R, Wang Z. Conditional Deletion of Eaf1 Induces Murine Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Mice. Neoplasia 2019; 21:752-764. [PMID: 31229879 PMCID: PMC6593215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ELL-associated factor 1 is a transcription elongation factor that shares significant homology and functional similarity to the androgen-responsive prostate tumor suppressor ELL-associated factor 2. EAF2 is frequently down-regulated in advanced prostate cancer and Eaf2 deletion in the mouse induced the development of murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Here we show that similar to EAF2, EAF1 is frequently down-regulated in advanced prostate cancer. Co-downregulation of EAF1 and EAF2 occurred in 40% of clinical specimens with Gleason score >7. We developed and characterized a murine model of prostate-epithelial specific deletion of Eaf1 in the prostate and crossed it with our previously generated mouse with conventional deletion of Eaf2. The prostates of Eaf1 deletion mice displayed murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions with increased proliferation and inflammation. Combined deletion of Eaf1 and Eaf2 in the murine model induced an increased incidence in mPIN lesions characterized by increased proliferation and CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells infiltration compared to individual deletion of either Eaf1 or Eaf2 in the murine prostate. These results suggest that EAF1 may play a tumor suppressive role in the prostate. Cooperation between EAF1 and EAF2 may be important for prostate maintaining prostate epithelial homeostasis, and concurrent loss of these two tumor suppressors may promote prostate tumorigenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; The Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Junkui Ai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Qiong Song
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine & School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Katherine J O'Malley
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Brian Cross
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anthony Green
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berglund AE, Rounbehler RJ, Gerke T, Awasthi S, Cheng CH, Takhar M, Davicioni E, Alshalalfa M, Erho N, Klein EA, Freedland SJ, Ross AE, Schaeffer EM, Trock BJ, Den RB, Cleveland JL, Park JY, Dhillon J, Yamoah K. Distinct transcriptional repertoire of the androgen receptor in ETS fusion-negative prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:292-302. [PMID: 30367117 PMCID: PMC6760558 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) tumors harboring translocations of ETS family genes with the androgen responsive TMPRSS2 gene (ETS+ tumors) provide a robust biomarker for detecting PCa in approximately 70% of patients. ETS+ PCa express high levels of the androgen receptor (AR), yet PCa tumors lacking ETS fusions (ETS−) also express AR and demonstrate androgen-regulated growth. In this study, we evaluate the differences in the AR-regulated transcriptomes between ETS+ and ETS− PCa tumors. Methods 10,608 patient tumors from three independent PCa datasets classified as ETS+ (samples overexpressing ERG or other ETS family members) or ETS− (all other PCa) were analyzed for differential gene expression using false-discovery-rate adjusted methods and gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results Based on the expression of AR-dependent genes and an unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model, AR-regulated gene expression alone was able to separate PCa samples into groups based on ETS status in all PCa databases. ETS status distinguished several differentially expressed genes in both TCGA (6.9%) and GRID (6.6%) databases, with 413 genes overlapping in both databases. Importantly, GSEA showed enrichment of distinct androgen-responsive genes in both ETS− and ETS+ tumors, and AR ChIP-seq data identified 131 direct AR-target genes that are regulated in an ETS-specific fashion. Notably, dysregulation of ETS-dependent AR-target genes within the metabolic and non-canonical WNT pathways was associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusions ETS status influences the transcriptional repertoire of the AR, and ETS− PCa tumors appear to rely on distinctly different AR-dependent transcriptional programs to drive and sustain tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders E Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Rounbehler
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shivanshu Awasthi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce J Trock
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pascal LE, Masoodi KZ, Liu J, Qiu X, Song Q, Wang Y, Zang Y, Yang T, Wang Y, Rigatti LH, Chandran U, Colli LM, Vencio RZN, Lu Y, Zhang J, Wang Z. Conditional deletion of ELL2 induces murine prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:123-136. [PMID: 28870994 PMCID: PMC5679084 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elongation factor, RNA polymerase II, 2 (ELL2) is an RNA Pol II elongation factor with functional properties similar to ELL that can interact with the prostate tumor suppressor EAF2. In the prostate, ELL2 is an androgen response gene that is upregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We recently showed that ELL2 loss could enhance prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, and that ELL2 gene expression was downregulated in high Gleason score prostate cancer specimens. Here, prostate-specific deletion of ELL2 in a mouse model revealed a potential role for ELL2 as a prostate tumor suppressor in vivoEll2-knockout mice exhibited prostatic defects including increased epithelial proliferation, vascularity and PIN lesions similar to the previously determined prostate phenotype in Eaf2-knockout mice. Microarray analysis of prostates from Ell2-knockout and wild-type mice on a C57BL/6J background at age 3 months and qPCR validation at 17 months of age revealed a number of differentially expressed genes associated with proliferation, cellular motility and epithelial and neural differentiation. OncoPrint analysis identified combined downregulation or deletion in prostate adenocarcinoma cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. These results suggest that ELL2 and its pathway genes likely play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Transcriptomics LabDivision of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - June Liu
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaonan Qiu
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of MedicineTsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Song
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Translational MedicineGuangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yachen Zang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of UrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Yang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of UrologyHenan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of UrologyChina-Japan Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal ResourcesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leandro M Colli
- Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Z N Vencio
- Department of Computing and Mathematics FFCLRP-USPUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related DiseasesMinistry of Education, China and Center for Translational Medicine Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related DiseasesMinistry of Education, China and Center for Translational Medicine Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Massie CE, Mills IG, Lynch AG. The importance of DNA methylation in prostate cancer development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:1-15. [PMID: 27117390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After briefly reviewing the nature of DNA methylation, its general role in cancer and the tools available to interrogate it, we consider the literature surrounding DNA methylation as relating to prostate cancer. Specific consideration is given to recurrent alterations. A list of frequently reported genes is synthesized from 17 studies that have reported on methylation changes in malignant prostate tissue, and we chart the timing of those changes in the diseases history through amalgamation of several previously published data sets. We also review associations with genetic alterations and hormone signalling, before the practicalities of investigating prostate cancer methylation using cell lines are assessed. We conclude by outlining the interplay between DNA methylation and prostate cancer metabolism and their regulation by androgen receptor, with a specific discussion of the mitochondria and their associations with DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Massie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway; PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corbin JM, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. One-Carbon Metabolism in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Androgen Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1208. [PMID: 27472325 PMCID: PMC5000606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism differs significantly from the metabolism of non-transformed cells. This altered metabolic reprogramming mediates changes in the uptake and use of nutrients that permit high rates of proliferation, growth, and survival. The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the establishment and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and in the metabolic adaptation that takes place during this progression. In its role as a transcription factor, the AR directly affects the expression of several effectors and regulators of essential catabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Indirectly, as a modulator of the one-carbon metabolism, the AR can affect epigenetic processes, DNA metabolism, and redox balance, all of which are important factors in tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of AR-signaling on one-carbon metabolism in tumorigenesis. Clinical implications of one-carbon metabolism and AR-targeted therapies for PCa are discussed in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Maria J Ruiz-Echevarría
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center and Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pascal LE, Ai J, Masoodi KZ, Wang Y, Wang D, Eisermann K, Rigatti LH, O’Malley KJ, Ma HM, Wang X, Dar JA, Parwani AV, Simons BW, Ittman MM, Li L, Davies BJ, Wang Z. Development of a reactive stroma associated with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in EAF2 deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79542. [PMID: 24260246 PMCID: PMC3832612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2) is an androgen-responsive tumor suppressor frequently deleted in advanced prostate cancer that functions as a transcription elongation factor of RNA Pol II through interaction with the ELL family proteins. EAF2 knockout mice on a 129P2/OLA-C57BL/6J background developed late-onset lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In order to further characterize the role of EAF2 in the development of prostatic defects, the effects of EAF2 loss were compared in different murine strains. In the current study, aged EAF2−/− mice on both the C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ backgrounds exhibited mPIN lesions as previously reported on a 129P2/OLA-C57BL/6J background. In contrast to the 129P2/OLA-C57BL/6J mixed genetic background, the mPIN lesions in C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ EAF2−/− mice were associated with stromal defects characteristic of a reactive stroma and a statistically significant increase in prostate microvessel density. Stromal inflammation and increased microvessel density was evident in EAF2-deficient mice on a pure C57BL/6J background at an early age and preceded the development of the histologic epithelial hyperplasia and neoplasia found in the prostates of older EAF2−/− animals. Mice deficient in EAF2 had an increased recovery rate and a decreased overall response to the effects of androgen deprivation. EAF2 expression in human cancer was significantly down-regulated and microvessel density was significantly increased compared to matched normal prostate tissue; furthermore EAF2 expression was negatively correlated with microvessel density. These results suggest that the EAF2 knockout mouse on the C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ genetic backgrounds provides a model of PIN lesions associated with an altered prostate microvasculature and reactive stromal compartment corresponding to that reported in human prostate tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Junkui Ai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Khalid Z. Masoodi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kurtis Eisermann
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lora H. Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. O’Malley
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hei M. Ma
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Javid A. Dar
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anil V. Parwani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Simons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Ittman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Benjamin J. Davies
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bistulfi G, Foster BA, Karasik E, Gillard B, Miecznikowski J, Dhiman VK, Smiraglia DJ. Dietary folate deficiency blocks prostate cancer progression in the TRAMP model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1825-34. [PMID: 21836022 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary folate is essential in all tissues to maintain several metabolite pools and cellular proliferation. Prostate cells, due to specific metabolic characteristics, have increased folate demand to support proliferation and prevent genetic and epigenetic damage. Although several studies have found that dietary folate interventions can affect colon cancer biology in rodent models, its impact on prostate is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary folate manipulation, possibly being of primary importance for prostate epithelial cell metabolism, could significantly affect prostate cancer progression. Strikingly, mild dietary folate depletion arrested prostate cancer progression in 25 of 26 transgenic adenoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, in which tumorigenesis is prostate-specific and characteristically aggressive. The significant effect on prostate cancer growth was characterized by size, grade, proliferation, and apoptosis analyses. Folate supplementation had a mild, nonsignificant, beneficial effect on grade. In addition, characterization of folate pools (correlated with serum), metabolite pools (polyamines and nucleotides), genetic and epigenetic damage, and expression of key biosynthetic enzymes in prostate tissue revealed interesting correlations with tumor progression. These findings indicate that prostate cancer is highly sensitive to folate manipulation and suggest that antifolates, paired with current therapeutic strategies, might significantly improve treatment of prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bistulfi
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton streets, BLSC L3-314, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee NKL, MacLean HE. Polyamines, androgens, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1453-60. [PMID: 21413019 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring polyamines, spermidine, spermine, and their precursor putrescine, play indispensible roles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from basic DNA synthesis to regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The rate-limiting polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, are essential for mammalian development, with knockout of the genes encoding these enzymes, Odc1 and Amd1, causing early embryonic lethality in mice. In muscle, the involvement of polyamines in muscle hypertrophy is suggested by the concomitant increase in cardiac and skeletal muscle mass and polyamine levels in response to anabolic agents including β-agonists. In addition to β-agonists, androgens, which increase skeletal mass and strength, have also been shown to stimulate polyamine accumulation in a number of tissues. In muscle, androgens act via the androgen receptor to regulate expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzyme genes, including Odc1 and Amd1, which may be one mechanism via which androgens promote muscle growth. This review outlines the role of polyamines in proliferation and hypertrophy, and explores their possible actions in mediating the anabolic actions of androgens in muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gong EY, Park E, Chattopadhyay S, Lee SY, Lee K. Gene expression profile of rat prostate during pubertal growth and maturation. Reprod Sci 2010; 18:426-34. [PMID: 21193804 DOI: 10.1177/1933719110391275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temporal gene expression profiling can provide valuable insight into mechanisms of differentiation and may be helpful in laying a foundation for characterization of the molecular aspects of development. Prostate development begins in fetal life and is complete at sexual maturity, and androgen stimulation is both necessary and sufficient for development and maturity of the prostate. In this study, we investigated gene expression profiles of rat prostate at 3 different developmental stages (2 weeks, 3.5 weeks, and 8 weeks), when serum testosterone levels are low, intermediate, and high. Through this analysis, we attempted to narrow down genes whose expression is affected by androgen increase during pubertal growth and maturation of the prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yeung Gong
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Increased polyamine synthesis and inflammation have long been associated with intraepithelial neoplasia, which are risk factors for cancer development in humans. Targeting polyamine metabolism (by use of polyamine synthesis inhibitors or polyamine catabolism activators) and inflammation (by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) has been studied for many cancers, including colon, prostate, and skin. Genetic epidemiology results indicate that a genetic variant associated with the expression of a polyamine biosynthetic gene is associated with risk of colon and prostate cancers. A clinical trial of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, showed that the 1 year treatment duration reduced prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen doubling time in men with a family history of prostate cancer. A second, clinical trial of DFMO in combination with sulindac, a NSAID in patients with prior colon polyps found that the 3-year treatment was associated with a 70% reduction of all, and over a 90% reduction of advanced and/or multiple metachronous colon adenomas. In this chapter, we discuss that similar combination prevention strategies of targeting polyamines and inflammation can be effective in reducing risk factors associated with the development of human cancers.
Collapse
|
15
|
O’Malley KJ, Dhir R, Nelson J, Bost J, Lin Y, Wang Z. The expression of androgen-responsive genes is up-regulated in the epithelia of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2009; 69:1716-23. [PMID: 19676094 PMCID: PMC2804845 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases among aging men in the United States. In addition to aging, the presence of androgens is another major risk factor in BPH development. However, whether androgen signaling is altered in BPH remains unclear. To determine androgen signaling in BPH, we characterized the expression of four different androgen-responsive genes, Eaf2/U19, ELL2, FKBP5, and PSA, in BPH and adjacent normal glandular epithelial cells. METHODS A set of 17 BPH specimens were resected from patients over 60 years of age with clinical symptoms of BPH. Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolate glandular epithelial cells from BPH areas and adjacent normal areas, separately. LCM isolated cells from individual specimens were lysed and RNA isolation, reverse transcription, and real-time PCR were performed using CellsDirect One-Step qRT-PCR Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). RESULTS All of the assayed genes displayed increased expression, from approximately 2- to approximately 6-fold, in BPH as compared to the adjacent normal epithelial cells. We also generated a composite androgen response index based on the expression levels of the four genes, which provides a reliable readout for overall androgen action. Our study showed that the composite androgen response index in BPH is approximately 4-fold as compared to that in the adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Androgen signaling is significantly elevated in BPH relative to the adjacent normal prostate. Understanding the mechanisms causing elevated androgen signaling may lead to novel approaches for prevention and/or treatment of BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Joel Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - James Bost
- Center for Research on Health Care Data, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yan Lin
- Center for Research on Health Care Data, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bistulfi G, Diegelman P, Foster BA, Kramer DL, Porter CW, Smiraglia DJ. Polyamine biosynthesis impacts cellular folate requirements necessary to maintain S-adenosylmethionine and nucleotide pools. FASEB J 2009; 23:2888-97. [PMID: 19417083 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) is utilized for synthesis of both S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), which are required for methylation reactions and DNA synthesis, respectively. Folate depletion leads to an imbalance in both AdoMet and nucleotide pools, causing epigenetic and genetic damage capable of initiating tumorigenesis. Polyamine biosynthesis also utilizes AdoMet, but polyamine pools are not reduced under a regimen of folate depletion. We hypothesized that high polyamine biosynthesis, due to the high demand on AdoMet pools, might be a factor in determining sensitivity to folate depletion. We found a significant correlation (P<0.001) between polyamine biosynthesis and the amount of folate required to sustain cell line proliferation. We manipulated polyamine biosynthesis by genetic and pharmacological intervention and mechanistically demonstrated that we could thereby alter AdoMet pools and increase or decrease demand on folate availability needed to sustain cellular proliferation. Furthermore, growing a panel of cell lines with 100 nM folate led to imbalanced nucleotide and AdoMet pools only in cells with endogenously high polyamine biosynthesis. These data demonstrate that polyamine biosynthesis is a critical factor in determining sensitivity to folate depletion and may be particularly important in the prostate, where biosynthesis of polyamines is characteristically high due to its secretory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bistulfi
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oram SW, Ai J, Pagani GM, Hitchens MR, Stern JA, Eggener S, Pins M, Xiao W, Cai X, Haleem R, Jiang F, Pochapsky TC, Hedstrom L, Wang Z. Expression and function of the human androgen-responsive gene ADI1 in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2007; 9:643-51. [PMID: 17786183 PMCID: PMC1950434 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified an androgen-responsive gene in rat prostate that shares homology with the aci-reductone dioxygenase (ARD/ARD') family of metal-binding enzymes involved in methionine salvage. We found that the gene, aci-reductone dioxygenase 1 (ADI1), was downregulated in prostate cancer cells, whereas enforced expression of rat Adi1 in these cells caused apoptosis. Here we report the characterization of human ADI1 in prostate cancer. Androgens induced ADI1 expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, which was not blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that ADI1 is a primary androgen-responsive gene. In human benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens, epithelial cells expressed ADI1. Immunohistochemistry of prostate tumor tissue microarrays showed that benign regions expressed more ADI1 than tumors, suggesting a suppressive role for ADI1 in prostate cancer. Bacterial lysates containing recombinant ADI1 produced a five-fold increase in aci-reductone decay over controls, demonstrating that ADI1 has ARD activity. We generated point mutations at key residues in the metal-binding site of ADI1 to disrupt ARD function, and we found that these mutations did not affect intracellular localization, apoptosis, or colony formation suppression in human prostate cancer cells. Collectively, these observations argue that ADI1 may check prostate cancer progression through apoptosis and that this activity does not require metal binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane W Oram
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Junkui Ai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Gina M Pagani
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Moira R Hitchens
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stern
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Scott Eggener
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael Pins
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Riffat Haleem
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas C Pochapsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oram S, Cai X, Haleem R, Cyriac J, Wang Z. Regulation of calcium homeostasis by S100RVP, an androgen-regulated S100 protein in the rat ventral prostate. Prostate 2006; 66:768-78. [PMID: 16444689 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100RVP was previously identified as an androgen-response gene in the rat ventral prostate (RVP). Characterization of S100RVP is important for elucidating the function of S100 proteins in androgen action. METHODS The expression and subcellular localization of S100RVP were determined by Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and fluorescent microscopy. Calcium overlay and calcium ionophore sensitivity assays were performed to investigate the calcium binding and function of S100RVP. RESULTS S100RVP is abundantly expressed in the RVP epithelial cells. A green fluorescent protein(GFP)-S100RVP fusion protein is present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of transfected cells. A GST-S100RVP fusion protein bound calcium in vitro at levels similar to known S100 proteins. Furthermore, GFP-S100RVP transfected LNCaP and PC3 cells exhibited reduced sensitivity to calcium ionophore-induced cell death, but not to UV-induced cell death. CONCLUSION The results of this study argue for a role of S100RVP in calcium homeostasis in the prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Oram
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND U19/Eaf2, an androgen-response gene, is downregulated in advanced human prostate cancer specimens and its overexpression can markedly induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Eleven-nineteen Lysine-rich Leukemia (ELL) is an RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor, initially identified as a fusion partner gene of MLL in the t(11; 19) (q23; p13.1) chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia. U19/Eaf2 was previously reported as an ELL-associated factor, a potential transcription factor binds to ELL, forming nuclear speckles in vivo. These findings suggest that ELL-U19/Eaf2 interaction is potentially important in prostate cancer progression and/or acute myeloid leukemia. However, the functional significance of U19/Eaf2 interaction with ELL remains unclear. METHODS Using co-transfection, co-immunoprecipitation, protein stability assay and transactivation assay, we characterized the consequence of ELL binding to U19/Eaf2. RESULTS We provide further evidence for U19/Eaf2 as a transcription factor and show that ELL binding is required for nuclear speckle formation of human U19/Eaf2, stabilizes U19/Eaf2 and enhances its transactivation activity. CONCLUSIONS The above observations indicate ELL may be an important factor required for U19/Eaf2 function because U19/Eaf2 nuclear localization and transactivation activity are essential for its function as a transcription factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ikeguchi Y, Bewley MC, Pegg AE. Aminopropyltransferases: Function, Structure and Genetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 139:1-9. [PMID: 16428313 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aminopropyltransferases use decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor and an amine acceptor to form polyamines. This review covers their structure, mechanism of action, inhibition, regulation and function. The best known aminopropyltransferases are spermidine synthase and spermine synthase but other members of this family including an N(1)-aminopropylagmatine synthase have been characterized. Spermidine synthase is an essential gene in eukaryotes and is very widely distributed. Key regions in the active site, which are very highly conserved, were identified by structural studies with spermidine synthase from Thermotoga maritima bound to S-adenosyl-1,8-diamino-3-thiooctane, a multisubstrate analog inhibitor. A general mechanism for catalysis by aminopropyltransferases can be proposed based on these studies. Spermine synthase is less widely distributed and is not essential for growth in yeast. However, Gy mice lacking spermine synthase have multiple symptoms including a profound growth retardation, sterility, deafness, neurological abnormalities and a propensity to sudden death, which can all be prevented by transgenic expression of spermine synthase. A large reduction in spermine synthase in human males due to a splice site variant causes Snyder-Robinson syndrome with mental retardation, hypotonia and skeletal abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Ikeguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zeegers MP, Ostrer H. Genes in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway may be involved in prostate cancer susceptibility. Future Oncol 2005; 1:683-8. [PMID: 16556045 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.1.5.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most investigated low-penetrance genes is the androgen receptor gene. A recent meta-analysis showed however that the absolute difference in number of repeats between cases and controls was less than one repeat. This result has questioned whether the androgen receptor gene could be functionally important in prostate cancer etiology. The authors hypothesize that genes that are downstream from the androgen receptor gene, potentially those involved in testosterone response, could be of more interest. One of the primary responses of prostate cells to testosterone is the production of polyamines. Recently, a meta-analysis across gene-expression profiling studies found that genes in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway appear to be consistently dysregulated in prostate cancer. Polyamines are also involved in prostate diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the authors suggest that future oncologic research to identify candidate regions for prostate cancer should focus on genes dysregulated in this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice P Zeegers
- University of Birmingham, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stover CM, Lynch NJ, Hanson SJ, Windbichler M, Gregory SG, Schwaeble WJ. Organization of the MASP2 locus and its expression profile in mouse and rat. Mamm Genome 2005; 15:887-900. [PMID: 15672593 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-004-3006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mouse, rat, and human MASP2 loci are situated on syntenic chromosome regions and are highly conserved. They comprise the genes for MASP-2/ MAp19, TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa, FRAP kinase, CDT6, Polymyositis-Scleroderma 100-kDa autoantigen, spermidine synthase, and TERE which were analyzed by annotation of available gene transcript data and cross-species comparison of available genomic sequences. The human and rat genes for spermidine synthase have an additional intron compared to the mouse gene. The mouse and rat genes for Polymyositis-Scleroderma 100-kDa autoantigen have an additional exon compared to the human gene. We find support for the hypothesis that the MAp19-specific exon within the MASP2 gene may have originated in a transposable element. Blocks of highly conserved intronic sequences were found in the MASP2 gene and the TARDBP gene. The expression of all genes within the MASP2 locus was analyzed in mouse and rat. The restricted expression of MASP-2 and MAp19 mRNA in liver contrasts with the ubiquitous expression of all neighboring genes studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oram S, Jiang F, Cai X, Haleem R, Dincer Z, Wang Z. Identification and characterization of an androgen-responsive gene encoding an aci-reductone dioxygenase-like protein in the rat prostate. Endocrinology 2004; 145:1933-42. [PMID: 14684610 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ALP1 [aci-reductone dioxygenase (ARD)-like protein 1] gene was identified in a comprehensive cDNA subtraction aimed at identifying genes regulated by androgens in the rat ventral prostate. ALP1 is homologous to the ARD/ARD' that were discovered in Klebsiella pneumoniae as enzymes that have the same polypeptide sequence and differ only in their metal content. This family of proteins is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans and is involved in the methionine salvage pathway. Northern and Western blot confirmed the regulation of ALP1 by androgens in the rat ventral prostate. ALP1 mRNA is expressed in a variety of tissues; however, its regulation by androgens was specific to the prostate. ALP1 is expressed by the glandular epithelial cells of the rat prostate, with little or no expression in the stromal cells. ALP1 is down-regulated in the different rat Dunning tumor cell lines compared with the normal or castrated rat prostate. Expression studies showed that ALP1 overexpression is not tolerated by AT6.1 cells. Further studies demonstrated that ALP1 is also down-regulated in the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3, and DU145, and overexpression induces cell death in these cells. Taken together, our observations suggest that ALP1 may have an important role in androgen regulated prostate homeostasis as well as in prostate cancer progression by regulating cell death of prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Oram
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|