1
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Sun J, Jin X, Zhang X, Zhang B. HMGA2 knockdown alleviates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by downregulating SNAI2 expression. Cell Signal 2023:110741. [PMID: 37268162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease that is considered as the next major health epidemic with alarmingly increasing global prevalence. To explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, data from GSE118892 were analyzed. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), a member of the high mobility group family, is declined in liver tissues of NAFLD rats. However, its role in NAFLD remains unknown. This study attempted to identify the multiple roles of HMGA2 in NAFLD process. NAFLD was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo, HMGA2 knockdown using adenovirus system attenuated liver injury and liver lipid deposition, accompanied by decreased NAFLD score, increased liver function, and decreased CD36 and FAS, indicating the deceleration of NAFLD progression. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown restrained liver inflammation by decreasing the expression of related inflammatory factors. Importantly, HMGA2 knockdown attenuated liver fibrosis via downregulating the expression of fibrous proteins, and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway. In vitro, HMGA2 knockdown relieved palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte injury and attenuated TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis, consistent with in vivo findings. Strikingly, HMGA2 activated the transcription of SNAI2, which was evidenced by the dual luciferase assays. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown largely downregulated SNAI2 levels. Indeed, SNAI2 overexpression effectively blocked the inhibitory effect of HMGA2 knockdown on NAFLD. Totally, our findings reveal that HMGA2 knockdown alleviates the progression of NAFLD by directly regulating the transcription of SNAI2. HMGA2 inhibition may emerge as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiuli Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Zhang
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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2
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Farhadi S, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Kiani J, Hashemi SM, Koochaki A, Sharifi K, Ghanbarian H. Exosomal delivery of 7SK long non-coding RNA suppresses viability, proliferation, aggressiveness and tumorigenicity in triple negative breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 322:121646. [PMID: 37011870 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS RN7SK (7SK), a highly conserved non-coding RNA, serves as a transcription regulator via interaction with a few proteins. Despite increasing evidences which support the cancer-promoting roles of 7SK-interacting proteins, limited reports address the direct link between 7SK and cancer. To test the hypothetic suppression of cancer by overexpression of 7SK, the effects of exosomal 7SK delivery on cancer phenotypes were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exosomes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells were loaded with 7SK (Exo-7SK). MDA-MB-231, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), cell line was treated with Exo-7sk. Expression levels of 7SK were evaluated by qPCR. Cell viability was assessed via MTT and Annexin V/PI assays as well as qPCR assessment of apoptosis-regulating genes. Cell proliferation was evaluated by growth curve analysis, colony formation and cell cycle assays. Aggressiveness of TNBCs was evaluated via transwell migration and invasion assays and qPCR assessment of genes regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, tumor formation ability was assessed using a nude mice xenograft model. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with Exo-7SK resulted in efficient overexpression of 7SK; reduced viability; altered transcription levels of apoptosis-regulating genes; reduced proliferation; reduced migration and invasion; altered transcription of EMT-regulating genes; and reduced in vivo tumor formation ability. Finally, Exo-7SK reduced mRNA levels of HMGA1, a 7SK interacting protein with master gene regulatory and cancer promoting roles, and its bioinformatically-selected cancer promoting target genes. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, as a proof of the concept, our findings suggest that exosomal delivery of 7SK may suppress cancer phenotypes via downregulation of HMGA1.
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3
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Li Z, Pi Y, Fan J, Yang X, Zhai C, Chen H, Wang F, Ding J, Gu T, Li Y, Wu H. High mobility group A3 enhances transcription of the DNA demethylase gene SlDML2 to promote tomato fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:315-328. [PMID: 35171288 PMCID: PMC9070846 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Although SlDML2, a DNA demethylase (DML) gene, is critically involved in tomato fruit ripening, little is known about genes that regulate its expression. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified a High Mobility Group A protein, named SlHMGA3, and demonstrated its binding activity to the AT-rich region of the SlDML2 promoter. We produced slhmga3 tomato mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 and observed that slhmga3 fruit reached the breaker stage much later than fruit from the wild-type. We further demonstrated that at the initiation stage of fruit ripening, the increased expression of SlDML2 and ethylene biosynthetic and signaling genes was significantly delayed in slhmga3 fruit, along with delays in ethylene production and demethylation and activation of ripening-associated transcription factor genes. Our results demonstrate that SlHMGA3 plays a role in enhancing SlDML2 expression, and its effects on tomato fruit ripening are largely through DNA demethylation of ripening-associated transcription factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junmiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changsheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Han Wu
- Author for correspondence:
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4
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Matsubara K, Matsubara Y, Uchikura Y, Takagi K, Yano A, Sugiyama T. HMGA1 Is a Potential Driver of Preeclampsia Pathogenesis by Interference with Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060822. [PMID: 34072941 PMCID: PMC8227282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disease that can be fatal for the mother and fetus. The two-stage theory has been proposed as its cause, with the first stage comprising poor placentation associated with the failure of fertilized egg implantation. Successful implantation and placentation require maternal immunotolerance of the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and appropriate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the decidua and myometrium. The disturbance of EVT invasion during implantation in PE results in impaired spiral artery remodeling. PE is thought to be caused by hypoxia during remodeling failure-derived poor placentation, which results in chronic inflammation. High-mobility group protein A (HMGA) is involved in the growth and invasion of cancer cells and likely in the growth and invasion of trophoblasts. Its mechanism of action is associated with immunotolerance. Thus, HMGA is thought to play a pivotal role in successful pregnancy, and its dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of PE. The evaluation of HMGA function and its changes in PE might confirm that it is a reliable biomarker of PE and provide prospects for PE treatment through the induction of EVT proliferation and invasion during the implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuko Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuka Uchikura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Katsuko Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Akiko Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Toon-shi 791-0295, Shitsukawa, Japan; (Y.M.); (Y.U.); (K.T.); (A.Y.); (T.S.)
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5
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Yamashita K, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Akatsuka S, Ikuta K, Nishida Y, Toyokuni S, Oda Y. Prognostic significance of the MDM2/HMGA2 ratio and histological tumor grade in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:26-37. [PMID: 33111425 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma that results from the progression of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). This study aimed to investigate the progression process and to clarify the pathological and genetic factors related to poor prognosis in DDLPS. In 32 DDLPS cases and five WDLPS cases, genetic factors were analyzed by custom comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, which was designed to densely cover gene regions known to be frequently amplified in WD/DDLPS. The analyses comparing primary and metastatic lesions and those comparing histologically different areas in the same tumor revealed intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity and progression. According to a prognostic analysis comparing the good-prognosis and the poor-prognosis groups, we selected MDM2 and HMGA2 as candidate genes associated with poor and good prognosis, respectively. The ratios of the amplification or gain levels of MDM2 and HMGA2 expressed in log ratios (log[MDM2/HMGA2] = log[MDM2]-log[HMGA2]) were significantly associated with prognosis. An amplification or gain level of MDM2 that was more than twice that of HMGA2 (MDM2/HMGA2 > 2, log[MDM2/HMGA2] > 1) was strongly related to poor OS (P < .001) and poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P < .001). In the pathological analysis of 44 cases of DDLPS, histological tumor grade, cellular atypia, and MDM2 immunoreactivity were related to overall survival (OS), while HMGA2 immunoreactivity tended to be associated with OS. Cellular atypia was also associated with DMFS. In conclusion, histological grade and MDM2 expression were determined to be prognostically important, and the MDM2/HMGA2 amplification or gain ratio was found to have significant prognostic value by the custom CGH array analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ikuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School and School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomic Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School and School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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De Martino M, Fusco A, Esposito F. HMGA and Cancer: A Review on Patent Literatures. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:258-267. [PMID: 31538905 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190919152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mobility group A proteins modulate the transcription of numerous genes by interacting with transcription factors and/or altering the structure of chromatin. These proteins are involved in both benign and malignant neoplasias as a result of several pathways. A large amount of benign human mesenchymal tumors has rearrangements of HMGA genes. On the contrary, malignant tumors show unarranged HMGA overexpression that is frequently and causally related to neoplastic cell transformation. Here, we review the function of the HMGA proteins in human neoplastic disorders, the pathways by which they contribute to carcinogenesis and the new patents focused on targeting HMGA proteins. OBJECTIVE Current review was conducted to check the involvement of HMGA as a druggable target in cancer treatment. METHODS We reviewed the most recent patents focused on targeting HMGA in cancer treatment analyzing patent literature published during the last years, including the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO®), United States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO®), Espacenet®, and Google Patents. RESULTS HMGA proteins are intriguing targets for cancer therapy and are objects of different patents based on the use of DNA aptamers, inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, antisense molecules able to block their oncogenic functions. CONCLUSION Powerful strategies able to selectively interfere with HMGA expression and function could represent a helpful approach in the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Campania, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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7
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Gorbounov M, Carleton NM, Asch-Kendrick RJ, Xian L, Rooper L, Chia L, Cimino-Mathews A, Cope L, Meeker A, Stearns V, Veltri RW, Bae YK, Resar LMS. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein and gene expression correlate with ER-negativity and poor outcomes in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:25-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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HMGA1 exacerbates tumor progression by activating miR-222 through PI3K/Akt/MMP-9 signaling pathway in uveal melanoma. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109386. [PMID: 31394192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1), an architectural transcription factor, participates in different human tumors' biological progression. HMGA1 overexpression is associated with malignant cellular behavior in a wide range of cancers but the underlying mechanism remains poorly illuminated. In this study, we showed PI3K/Akt/MMP9 pathway activity could be positively regulated by HMGA1 using western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunochemistry both in vitro (C918 and MUM-2B cell lines) and in vivo (xenograft mouse model). Later, MiRTarBase was used to identify the relationship between HMGA1 and miR-222-3p, we found miR-222 is positively regulated by HMGA1. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of UM cells significantly increased in the miR-222 mimics group and decreased in the miR-222 inhibitor group detected by the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit, CCK-8 and scratch wound-healing. The p-PI3K, p-Akt and MMP9 expressions were elevated in UM cells transfected with miR-222 mimics, and suppressed in the miR-222 inhibitor group. Together, our study highlights that HMGA1 acts as a pivotal regulator in UM tumor growth, proposing a critical viewpoint that HMGA1 expedites progression through the PI3K/Akt/MMP9 pathway and oncogenic miR-222 in UM.
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9
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Yao B, Zhang M, Leng X, Zhao D. Proteomic analysis of the effects of antler extract on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1635-1648. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Chen CM, Lin CL, Chiou HL, Hsieh SC, Lin CL, Cheng CW, Hung CH, Tsai JP, Hsieh YH. Loss of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 promotes the tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells through regulation of the TIMP-1/MMP-9 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13886-13897. [PMID: 28108731 PMCID: PMC5355147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1) protein has been involved in proliferation and metastatic progression in multiple tumors. However, there are no studies regarding the mechanism of ESM1 in prostate cancer. We found that ESM1 knockdown in prostate cancer cells resulted in increased cell proliferation and colony formation ability response evidenced by decreased expression of p21 and increased expression of cyclin D1 in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, we revealed that knockdown ESM1 also induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility and invasiveness in accordance with the upregulated the MMP-9 expression, while downregulated the TIMP-1 expression. Recombinant human (Rh) TIMP-1 significantly attenuated ESM1-mediated cell migration and invasion. Additionally, ESM1 knockdown increased in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. These findings provide the first evidence that the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1, is one of the regulation mechanisms by which ESM1 promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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HMGA1 regulates the Plasminogen activation system in the secretome of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11768. [PMID: 28924209 PMCID: PMC5603555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete proteins that modify the extracellular environment acting as autocrine and paracrine stimulatory factors and have a relevant role in cancer progression. The HMGA1 oncofetal protein has a prominent role in controlling the expression of an articulated set of genes involved in various aspect of cancer cell transformation. However, little is known about its role in influencing the secretome of cancer cells. Performing an iTRAQ LC–MS/MS screening for the identification of secreted proteins, in an inducible model of HMGA1 silencing in breast cancer cells, we found that HMGA1 has a profound impact on cancer cell secretome. We demonstrated that the pool of HMGA1–linked secreted proteins has pro–migratory and pro-invasive stimulatory roles. From an inspection of the HMGA1–dependent secreted factors it turned out that HMGA1 influences the presence in the extra cellular milieu of key components of the Plasminogen activation system (PLAU, SERPINE1, and PLAUR) that has a prominent role in promoting metastasis, and that HMGA1 has a direct role in regulating the transcription of two of them, i.e. PLAU and SERPINE1. The ability of HMGA1 to regulate the plasminogen activator system may constitute an important mechanism by which HMGA1 promotes cancer progression.
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12
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HMGA2, a driver of inflammation, is associated with hypermethylation in acute liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Zhong J, Liu C, Zhang QH, Chen L, Shen YY, Chen YJ, Zeng X, Zu XY, Cao RX. TGF-β1 induces HMGA1 expression: The role of HMGA1 in thyroid cancer proliferation and invasion. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1567-1578. [PMID: 28393241 PMCID: PMC5403427 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is complicated and plays a different role in the development of cancer. High mobility group A (HMGA1) participates in multiple cellular biology processes, and exerts important roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the correlation of TGF-β1 and HMGA1 in cancer cells is not yet fully understood. In this study, we determined the effects of TGF-β1 on HMGA1 expression in thyroid cancer cells and examined the role of HMGA1 in thyroid cancer progression. With real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining, our study demonstrated that TGF-β1 induced the expression of HMGA1 through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling in thyroid cancer cells. With luciferase reported assay, the HMGA1 promoter activity was activated by TGF-β1 in the SW579 cells. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated HMGA1 knockdown inhibits cellular oncogenic properties of thyroid cancer cells. Clinically, tissue microarray revealed that HMGA1 was expressed in thyroid carcinoma more than that in normal thyroid tissues (P<0.001); expression of HMGA1 and MMP-2 was identified to be positively correlated (P=0.017). The present study established the first link between HMGA1 and TGF-β1 in the regulation of thyroid cancer proliferation and invasion, and provided evidence for the pivotal role of HMGA1 in the progression of thyroid cancer, indicating HMGA1 to be potential biological marker for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Xian Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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14
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Sumter TF, Xian L, Huso T, Koo M, Chang YT, Almasri TN, Chia L, Inglis C, Reid D, Resar LMS. The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Transcriptome in Cancer and Development. Curr Mol Med 2016; 16:353-93. [PMID: 26980699 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666160316152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Chromatin structure is the single most important feature that distinguishes a cancer cell from a normal cell histologically. Chromatin remodeling proteins regulate chromatin structure and high mobility group A (HMGA1) proteins are among the most abundant, nonhistone chromatin remodeling proteins found in cancer cells. These proteins include HMGA1a/HMGA1b isoforms, which result from alternatively spliced mRNA. The HMGA1 gene is overexpressed in cancer and high levels portend a poor prognosis in diverse tumors. HMGA1 is also highly expressed during embryogenesis and postnatally in adult stem cells. Overexpression of HMGA1 drives neoplastic transformation in cultured cells, while inhibiting HMGA1 blocks oncogenic and cancer stem cell properties. Hmga1 transgenic mice succumb to aggressive tumors, demonstrating that dysregulated expression of HMGA1 causes cancer in vivo. HMGA1 is also required for reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. HMGA1 proteins function as ancillary transcription factors that bend chromatin and recruit other transcription factors to DNA. They induce oncogenic transformation by activating or repressing specific genes involved in this process and an HMGA1 "transcriptome" is emerging. Although prior studies reveal potent oncogenic properties of HMGA1, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms through which HMGA1 functions. In this review, we summarize the list of putative downstream transcriptional targets regulated by HMGA1. We also briefly discuss studies linking HMGA1 to Alzheimer's disease and type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Further elucidation of HMGA1 function should lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer and possibly for other diseases associated with aberrant HMGA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L M S Resar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 1025, Baltimore, MD 21205-2109, USA.
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15
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Andreozzi M, Quintavalle C, Benz D, Quagliata L, Matter M, Calabrese D, Tosti N, Ruiz C, Trapani F, Tornillo L, Fusco A, Heim MH, Ng CK, Pallante P, Terracciano LM, Piscuoglio S. HMGA1 Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Promotes Tumor Growth and Migration in in vitro Models. Neoplasia 2016; 18:724-731. [PMID: 27855356 PMCID: PMC5110473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HMGA1 is a non-histone nuclear protein that regulates cellular proliferation, invasion and apoptosis and is overexpressed in many carcinomas. In this study we sought to explore the expression of HMGA1 in HCCs and cirrhotic tissues, and its effect in in vitro models. METHODS We evaluated HMGA1 expression using gene expression microarrays (59 HCCs, of which 37 were matched with their corresponding cirrhotic tissue and 5 normal liver donors) and tissue microarray (192 HCCs, 108 cirrhotic tissues and 79 normal liver samples). HMGA1 expression was correlated with clinicopathologic features and patient outcome. Four liver cancer cell lines with stable induced or knockdown expression of HMGA1 were characterized using in vitro assays, including proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth. RESULTS HMGA1 expression increased monotonically from normal liver tissues to cirrhotic tissue to HCC (P<.01) and was associated with Edmondson grade (P<.01). Overall, 51% and 42% of HCCs and cirrhotic tissues expressed HMGA1, respectively. Patients with HMGA1-positive HCCs had earlier disease progression and worse overall survival. Forced expression of HMGA1 in liver cancer models resulted in increased cell growth and migration, and vice versa. Soft agar assay showed that forced expression of HMGA1 led to increased foci formation, suggesting an oncogenic role of HMGA1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS HMGA1 is frequently expressed in cirrhotic tissues and HCCs and its expression is associated with high Edmondson grade and worse prognosis in HCC. Our results suggest that HMGA1 may act as oncogenic driver of progression, implicating it in tumor growth and migration potential in liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Benz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Calabrese
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Tosti
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ruiz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Trapani
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples "Federico II, Naples, Italy; National Cancer Institute-INCA, Rua Andrè Cavalcanti, 37-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Ky Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples "Federico II, Naples, Italy
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16
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Liu Y, Gao J, Huang S, Hu L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Li W. 4-isothiocyanate-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR2 and Tie2 phosphorylation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2828-2834. [PMID: 27698866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the signaling pathway and are triggered by angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins. 4-isothiocyanate-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-ISO-Tempo) is one of the nitroxides that exhibits antioxidant activity. However, the anti-angiogenic effect of 4-ISO-Tempo remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-ISO-Tempo on tumor proliferation and angiogenesis as well as its underlying mechanisms. Our results revealed that 4-ISO-Tempo significantly inhibited the viability of neoplastic and endothelial cells. Furthermore, the effective concentration of 4-ISO-Tempo on human microvascular endothelial cell 1 (HMEC-1) was lower than that on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and human colon cancer SW620 cells. This suggested that endothelial cells were more sensitive to 4-ISO-Tempo than tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 4-ISO-Tempo also suppressed secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and migration and tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. The mechanism is attributed to the decreasing ROS generation and further phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and Tie2. Our findings suggest that 4-ISO-Tempo should be investigated for its usefulness in anti-angiogenesis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China; Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Shuangsheng Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Lamei Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zheyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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17
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Hillion J, Roy S, Heydarian M, Cope L, Xian L, Koo M, Luo LZ, Kellyn K, Ronnett BM, Huso T, Armstrong D, Reddy K, Huso DL, Resar LMS. The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) gene is highly overexpressed in human uterine serous carcinomas and carcinosarcomas and drives Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in a subset of tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141:580-587. [PMID: 27001612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although uterine cancer is the fourth most common cause for cancer death in women worldwide, the molecular underpinnings of tumor progression remain poorly understood. The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) gene is overexpressed in aggressive cancers and high levels portend adverse outcomes in diverse tumors. We previously reported that Hmga1a transgenic mice develop uterine tumors with complete penetrance. Because HMGA1 drives tumor progression by inducing MatrixMetalloproteinase (MMP) and other genes involved in invasion, we explored the HMGA1-MMP-2 pathway in uterine cancer. METHODS To investigate MMP-2 in uterine tumors driven by HMGA1, we used a genetic approach with mouse models. Next, we assessed HMGA1 and MMP-2 expression in primary human uterine tumors, including low-grade carcinomas (endometrial endometrioid) and more aggressive tumors (endometrial serous carcinomas, uterine carcinosarcomas/malignant mesodermal mixed tumors). RESULTS Here, we report for the first time that uterine tumor growth is impaired in Hmga1a transgenic mice crossed on to an Mmp-2 deficient background. In human tumors, we discovered that HMGA1 is highest in aggressive carcinosarcomas and serous carcinomas, with lower levels in the more indolent endometrioid carcinomas. Moreover, HMGA1 and MMP-2 were positively correlated, but only in a subset of carcinosarcomas. HMGA1 also occupies the MMP-2 promoter in human carcinosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, our studies define a novel HMGA1-MMP-2 pathway involved in a subset of human carcinosarcomas and tumor progression in murine models. Our work also suggests that targeting HMGA1 could be effective adjuvant therapy for more aggressive uterine cancers and provides compelling data for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Hillion
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sujayita Roy
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Heydarian
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leslie Cope
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lingling Xian
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Koo
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Li Z Luo
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen Kellyn
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brigitte M Ronnett
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tait Huso
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karen Reddy
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biologic Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David L Huso
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - L M S Resar
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for Cellular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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18
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Yanagisawa BL, Resar LMS. Hitting the bull's eye: targeting HMGA1 in cancer stem cells. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:23-30. [PMID: 24410339 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.859988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that when cancer cells hijack normal stem cell properties, they acquire the ability to invade, metastasize to distant sites and evade therapy. Thus, eliminating cancer cells with stem cell properties, or cancer stem cells, is of prime importance for the successful treatment of cancer, regardless of the tissue of origin. Previous efforts to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), however, have been largely unsuccessful. Recent studies led to the discovery of a novel role for the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein as a master regulator in both CSCs and normal embryonic stem cells. Here, we present exciting new work unveiling HMGA1 as a promising target for therapies directed at eradicating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breann L Yanagisawa
- Department of Medicine, Pathobiology Graduate Program, Hematology Division, Oncology, the Institute for Cellular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Role of miRNA let-7 and its major targets in prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:376326. [PMID: 25276782 PMCID: PMC4168040 DOI: 10.1155/2014/376326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is worldwide the sixth leading cause of cancer related death in men thus early detection and successful treatment are still of major interest. The commonly performed screening of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is controversially discussed, as in many patients the prostate-specific antigen levels are chronically elevated in the absence of cancer. Due to the unsatisfying efficiency of available prostate cancer screening markers and the current treatment outcome of the aggressive hormone refractory prostate cancer, the evaluation of novel molecular markers and targets is considered an issue of high importance. MicroRNAs are relatively stable in body fluids orchestrating simultaneously the expression of many genes. These molecules are currently discussed to bear a greater diagnostic potential than protein-coding genes, being additionally promising therapeutic drugs and/or targets. Herein we review the potential impact of the microRNA let-7 family on prostate cancer and show how deregulation of several of its target genes could influence the cellular equilibrium in the prostate gland, promoting cancer development as they do in a variety of other human malignant neoplasias.
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20
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Pegoraro S, Ros G, Piazza S, Sommaggio R, Ciani Y, Rosato A, Sgarra R, Del Sal G, Manfioletti G. HMGA1 promotes metastatic processes in basal-like breast cancer regulating EMT and stemness. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1293-308. [PMID: 23945276 PMCID: PMC3787158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that progresses to the critical hallmark of metastasis. In the present study, we show that the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) protein plays a fundamental role in this process in basal-like breast cancer subtype. HMGA1 knockdown induces the mesenchymal to epithelial transition and dramatically decreases stemness and self-renewal. Notably, HMGA1 depletion in basal-like breast cancer cell lines reduced migration and invasion in vitro and the formation of metastases in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGA1 activated stemness and key migration-associated genes which were linked to the Wnt/beta-catenin, Notch and Pin1/mutant p53 signalling pathways. Moreover, we identified a specific HMGA1 gene expression signature that was activated in a large subset of human primary breast tumours and was associated with poor prognosis. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the role of HMGA1 in the acquisition of aggressive features in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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21
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Leung YK, Chan QKY, Ng CF, Ma FMT, Tse HM, To KF, Maranchie J, Ho SM, Lau KM. Hsa-miRNA-765 as a key mediator for inhibiting growth, migration and invasion in fulvestrant-treated prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98037. [PMID: 24837491 PMCID: PMC4024001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant (ICI-182,780) has recently been shown to effectively suppress prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. But it is unclear whether microRNAs play a role in regulating oncogene expression in fulvestrant-treated prostate cancer. Here, this study reports hsa-miR-765 as the first fulvestrant-driven, ERβ-regulated miRNA exhibiting significant tumor suppressor activities like fulvestrant, against prostate cancer cell growth via blockage of cell-cycle progression at the G2/M transition, and cell migration and invasion possibly via reduction of filopodia/intense stress-fiber formation. Fulvestrant was shown to upregulate hsa-miR-765 expression through recruitment of ERβ to the 5′-regulatory-region of hsa-miR-765. HMGA1, an oncogenic protein in prostate cancer, was identified as a downstream target of hsa-miR-765 and fulvestrant in cell-based experiments and a clinical study. Both the antiestrogen and the hsa-miR-765 mimic suppressed HMGA1 protein expression. In a neo-adjuvant study, levels of hsa-miR-765 were increased and HMGA1 expression was almost completely lost in prostate cancer specimens from patients treated with a single dose (250 mg) of fulvestrant 28 days before prostatectomy. These findings reveal a novel fulvestrant signaling cascade involving ERβ-mediated transcriptional upregulation of hsa-miR-765 that suppresses HMGA1 protein expression as part of the mechanism underlying the tumor suppressor action of fulvestrant in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, and Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Queeny Kwan-Yi Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fanny Man-Ting Ma
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ho-Man Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory in Southern China in Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jodi Maranchie
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, and Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMH); (KML)
| | - Kin-Mang Lau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory in Southern China in Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail: (SMH); (KML)
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Huso TH, Resar LMS. The high mobility group A1 molecular switch: turning on cancer - can we turn it off? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:541-53. [PMID: 24684280 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence demonstrates that the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin remodeling protein is a key molecular switch required by cancer cells for tumor progression and a poorly differentiated, stem-like state. Because the HMGA1 gene and proteins are expressed at high levels in all aggressive tumors studied to date, research is needed to determine how to 'turn off' this master regulatory switch in cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe prior studies that underscore the central role of HMGA1 in refractory cancers and we discuss approaches to target HMGA1 in cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Given the widespread overexpression of HMGA1 in diverse, aggressive tumors, further research to develop technology to target HMGA1 holds immense promise as potent anticancer therapy. Previous work in preclinical models indicates that delivery of short hairpin RNA or interfering RNA molecules to 'switch off' HMGA1 expression dramatically impairs cancer cell growth and tumor progression. The advent of nanoparticle technology to systemically deliver DNA or RNA molecules to tumors brings this approach even closer to clinical applications, although further efforts are needed to translate these advances into therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tait H Huso
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hematology Division , Ross Research Building, Room 1015, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore MD 21205 , USA
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23
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Yanagisawa BL, Resar LMS. Hitting the bull’s eye: targeting HMGA1 in cancer stem cells. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.859988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shah SN, Cope L, Poh W, Belton A, Roy S, Talbot CC, Sukumar S, Huso DL, Resar LMS. HMGA1: a master regulator of tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63419. [PMID: 23658826 PMCID: PMC3642138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells metastasize by co-opting stem cell transcriptional networks, although the molecular underpinnings of this process are poorly understood. Here, we show for the first time that the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene drives metastatic progression in triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, Hs578T) by reprogramming cancer cells to a stem-like state. Silencing HMGA1 expression in invasive, aggressive breast cancer cells dramatically halts cell growth and results in striking morphologic changes from mesenchymal-like, spindle-shaped cells to cuboidal, epithelial-like cells. Mesenchymal genes (Vimentin, Snail) are repressed, while E-cadherin is induced in the knock-down cells. Silencing HMGA1 also blocks oncogenic properties, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and orthotopic tumorigenesis. Metastatic progression following mammary implantation is almost completely abrogated in the HMGA1 knock-down cells. Moreover, silencing HMGA1 inhibits the stem cell property of three-dimensional mammosphere formation, including primary, secondary, and tertiary spheres. In addition, knock-down of HMGA1 depletes cancer initiator/cancer stem cells and prevents tumorigenesis at limiting dilutions. We also discovered an HMGA1 signature in triple negative breast cancer cells that is highly enriched in embryonic stem cells. Together, these findings indicate that HMGA1 is a master regulator of tumor progression in breast cancer by reprogramming cancer cells through stem cell transcriptional networks. Future studies are needed to determine how to target HMGA1 in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep N Shah
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Shah SN, Kerr C, Cope L, Zambidis E, Liu C, Hillion J, Belton A, Huso DL, Resar LMS. HMGA1 reprograms somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells by inducing stem cell transcriptional networks. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48533. [PMID: 23166588 PMCID: PMC3499526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent studies have identified genes expressed in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that induce pluripotency, the molecular underpinnings of normal stem cell function remain poorly understood. The high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene is highly expressed in hESCs and poorly differentiated, stem-like cancers; however, its role in these settings has been unclear. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that HMGA1 is highly expressed in fully reprogrammed iPSCs and hESCs, with intermediate levels in ECCs and low levels in fibroblasts. When hESCs are induced to differentiate, HMGA1 decreases and parallels that of other pluripotency factors. Conversely, forced expression of HMGA1 blocks differentiation of hESCs. We also discovered that HMGA1 enhances cellular reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs together with the Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC - OSKM). HMGA1 increases the number and size of iPSC colonies compared to OSKM controls. Surprisingly, there was normal differentiation in vitro and benign teratoma formation in vivo of the HMGA1-derived iPSCs. During the reprogramming process, HMGA1 induces the expression of pluripotency genes, including SOX2, LIN28, and cMYC, while knockdown of HMGA1 in hESCs results in the repression of these genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that HMGA1 binds to the promoters of these pluripotency genes in vivo. In addition, interfering with HMGA1 function using a short hairpin RNA or a dominant-negative construct blocks cellular reprogramming to a pluripotent state. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that HMGA1 enhances cellular reprogramming from a somatic cell to a fully pluripotent stem cell. These findings identify a novel role for HMGA1 as a key regulator of the stem cell state by inducing transcriptional networks that drive pluripotency. Although further studies are needed, these HMGA1 pathways could be exploited in regenerative medicine or as novel therapeutic targets for poorly differentiated, stem-like cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep N. Shah
- Hematology Division, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Candace Kerr
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leslie Cope
- Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Biostatistics, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elias Zambidis
- Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Comparative Molecular & Pathobiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cyndi Liu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joelle Hillion
- Hematology Division, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy Belton
- Hematology Division, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David L. Huso
- Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Comparative Molecular & Pathobiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linda M. S. Resar
- Hematology Division, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Pediatrics, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Hillion J, Smail SS, Di Cello F, Belton A, Shah S, Huso T, Schuldenfrei A, Nelson DM, Cope L, Campbell N, Karikari C, Aderinto A, Maitra A, Huso DL, Resar LMS. The HMGA1-COX-2 axis: a key molecular pathway and potential target in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2012; 12:372-9. [PMID: 22898640 PMCID: PMC3466102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although pancreatic cancer is a common, highly lethal malignancy, the molecular events that enable precursor lesions to become invasive carcinoma remain unclear. We previously reported that the high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein is overexpressed in >90% of primary pancreatic cancers, with absent or low levels in early precursor lesions. METHODS Here, we investigate the role of HMGA1 in reprogramming pancreatic epithelium into invasive cancer cells. We assessed oncogenic properties induced by HMGA1 in non-transformed pancreatic epithelial cells expressing activated K-RAS. We also explored the HMGA1-cyclooxygenase (COX-2) pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells and the therapeutic effects of COX-2 inhibitors in xenograft tumorigenesis. RESULTS HMGA1 cooperates with activated K-RAS to induce migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent cell growth in a cell line derived from normal human pancreatic epithelium. Moreover, HMGA1 and COX-2 expression are positively correlated in pancreatic cancer cell lines (r(2) = 0.93; p < 0.001). HMGA1 binds directly to the COX-2 promoter at an AT-rich region in vivo in three pancreatic cancer cell lines. In addition, HMGA1 induces COX-2 expression in pancreatic epithelial cells, while knock-down of HMGA1 results in repression of COX-2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Strikingly, we also discovered that Sulindac (a COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor) or Celecoxib (a more specific COX-2 inhibitor) block xenograft tumorigenesis from pancreatic cancer cells expressing high levels of HMGA1. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify for the first time an important role for the HMGA1-COX-2 pathway in pancreatic cancer and suggest that targeting this pathway could be effective to treat, or even prevent, pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Hillion
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Shamayra S. Smail
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Francescopaolo Di Cello
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Amy Belton
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sandeep Shah
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Tait Huso
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Andrew Schuldenfrei
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Dwella Moton Nelson
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Leslie Cope
- Oncology Center-Biostatistics/Bioinformatics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nathaniel Campbell
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Collins Karikari
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Abimbola Aderinto
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - David L. Huso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Linda M. S. Resar
- Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Takeuchi I, Takaha N, Nakamura T, Hongo F, Mikami K, Kamoi K, Okihara K, Kawauchi A, Miki T. High mobility group protein AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) is associated with the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2012; 72:1124-32. [PMID: 22213442 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that the level of high mobility group protein AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) is low in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) cells (LNCaP), but is high in androgen-independent PCa cells (DU145 and PC-3) and that HMGA1 is a strong candidate gene playing a potential role in the progression of PCa. These findings have prompted us to evaluate the effect of HMGA1 on developing androgen independency, which is associated with the progression of PCa. METHODS Expression of HMGA1 in PCa cells and mouse tissues was examined by Western blot. In order to examine the effect of HMGA1 on cell growth under androgen-deprived condition, we transfected HMGA1 into LNCaP cells, and siRNA into both DU145 and PC-3 cells, respectively. RESULTS Androgen-deprivation induced an increase in the level of HMGA1 in LNCaP cells in vitro and in vivo, but did not in normal prostate tissue. Overexpression of HMGA1 maintained the cell growth of LNCaP under androgen-deprived condition. Furthermore, knockdown of HMGA1 suppressed the cell growth of DU145 and PC-3. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that elevated expression of HMGA1 is associated with the transition of PCa cells from androgen-sensitive to androgen-independent growth and plays a role in the cell growth of androgen-independent PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE Although molecular targeted therapy has improved the clinical outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a complete response is rare and there are various side effects. Identifying novel target molecules is necessary to improve the clinical outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. HMGA1 is over expressed in many types of cancer and it is associated with metastatic potential. It is expressed at low levels or not expressed in normal tissue. We examined HMGA1 expression and function in human renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS HMGA1 expression in surgical specimen from patients with renal cell carcinoma was examined by immunoblot. HMGA1 expression in 6 human renal cell carcinoma cell lines was examined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. The molecular effects of siRNA mediated knockdown of HMGA1 were examined in ACHN and Caki-1 cells. RESULTS Immunoblot using surgical specimen showed that HMGA1 was not expressed in normal kidney tissue but it was expressed in tumor tissue in 1 of 30 nonmetastatic (3%) and 6 of 18 metastatic (33%) cases (p=0.008). Immunoblot and immunofluorescence revealed significant nuclear expression of HMGA1 in ACHN and Caki-1 cells derived from metastatic sites. HMGA1 knockdown remarkably suppressed colony formation and induced significant apoptosis in ACHN and Caki-1 cells. HMGA1 knockdown significantly inhibited invasion and migration in vitro, and induced anoikis associated with P-Akt down-regulation in ACHN cells. CONCLUSIONS HMGA1 is a potential target for novel therapeutic modalities for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
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Belton A, Gabrovsky A, Bae YK, Reeves R, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Huso DL, Resar LMS. HMGA1 induces intestinal polyposis in transgenic mice and drives tumor progression and stem cell properties in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30034. [PMID: 22276142 PMCID: PMC3262796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metastatic colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, the molecular mechanisms that enable colon cancer cells to metastasize remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that metastatic cells develop by usurping transcriptional networks from embryonic stem (ES) cells to facilitate an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastatic progression. Previous studies identified HMGA1 as a key transcription factor enriched in ES cells, colon cancer, and other aggressive tumors, although its role in these settings is poorly understood. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine how HMGA1 functions in metastatic colon cancer, we manipulated HMGA1 expression in transgenic mice and colon cancer cells. We discovered that HMGA1 drives proliferative changes, aberrant crypt formation, and intestinal polyposis in transgenic mice. In colon cancer cell lines from poorly differentiated, metastatic tumors, knock-down of HMGA1 blocks anchorage-independent cell growth, migration, invasion, xenograft tumorigenesis and three-dimensional colonosphere formation. Inhibiting HMGA1 expression blocks tumorigenesis at limiting dilutions, consistent with depletion of tumor-initiator cells in the knock-down cells. Knock-down of HMGA1 also inhibits metastatic progression to the liver in vivo. In metastatic colon cancer cells, HMGA1 induces expression of Twist1, a gene involved in embryogenesis, EMT, and tumor progression, while HMGA1 represses E-cadherin, a gene that is down-regulated during EMT and metastatic progression. In addition, HMGA1 is among the most enriched genes in colon cancer compared to normal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that HMGA1 drives proliferative changes and polyp formation in the intestines of transgenic mice and induces metastatic progression and stem-like properties in colon cancer cells. These findings indicate that HMGA1 is a key regulator, both in metastatic progression and in the maintenance of a stem-like state. Our results also suggest that HMGA1 or downstream pathways could be rational therapeutic targets in metastatic, poorly differentiated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Belton
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander Gabrovsky
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ray Reeves
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David L. Huso
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linda M. S. Resar
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Schuldenfrei A, Belton A, Kowalski J, Talbot CC, Di Cello F, Poh W, Tsai HL, Shah SN, Huso TH, Huso DL, Resar LMS. HMGA1 drives stem cell, inflammatory pathway, and cell cycle progression genes during lymphoid tumorigenesis. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:549. [PMID: 22053823 PMCID: PMC3245506 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) gene is widely overexpressed in diverse cancers and portends a poor prognosis in some tumors, the molecular mechanisms that mediate its role in transformation have remained elusive. HMGA1 functions as a potent oncogene in cultured cells and induces aggressive lymphoid tumors in transgenic mice. Because HMGA1 chromatin remodeling proteins regulate transcription, HMGA1 is thought to drive malignant transformation by modulating expression of specific genes. Genome-wide studies to define HMGA1 transcriptional networks during tumorigenesis, however, are lacking. To define the HMGA1 transcriptome, we analyzed gene expression profiles in lymphoid cells from HMGA1a transgenic mice at different stages in tumorigenesis. RESULTS RNA from lymphoid samples at 2 months (before tumors develop) and 12 months (after tumors are well-established) was screened for differential expression of > 20,000 unique genes by microarray analysis (Affymetrix) using a parametric and nonparametric approach. Differential expression was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR in a subset of genes. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed for cellular pathways and functions using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Early in tumorigenesis, HMGA1 induced inflammatory pathways with NFkappaB identified as a major node. In established tumors, HMGA1 induced pathways involved in cell cycle progression, cell-mediated immune response, and cancer. At both stages in tumorigenesis, HMGA1 induced pathways involved in cellular development, hematopoiesis, and hematologic development. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that stem cell and immature T cell genes are enriched in the established tumors. To determine if these results are relevant to human tumors, we knocked-down HMGA1 in human T-cell leukemia cells and identified a subset of genes dysregulated in both the transgenic and human lymphoid tumors. CONCLUSIONS We found that HMGA1 induces inflammatory pathways early in lymphoid tumorigenesis and pathways involved in stem cells, cell cycle progression, and cancer in established tumors. HMGA1 also dyregulates genes and pathways involved in stem cells, cellular development and hematopoiesis at both early and late stages of tumorigenesis. These results provide insight into HMGA1 function during tumor development and point to cellular pathways that could serve as therapeutic targets in lymphoid and other human cancers with aberrant HMGA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Schuldenfrei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amy Belton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Francescopaolo Di Cello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Weijie Poh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sandeep N Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tait H Huso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David L Huso
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Linda MS Resar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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31
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Nelson DM, Joseph B, Hillion J, Segal J, Karp JE, Resar LMS. Flavopiridol induces BCL-2 expression and represses oncogenic transcription factors in leukemic blasts from adults with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1999-2006. [PMID: 21728742 PMCID: PMC3214625 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.591012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavopiridol is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and clinical responses in selected patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A better understanding of the molecular pathways targeted by flavopiridol is needed to design optimal combinatorial therapy. Here, we report that in vivo administration of flavopiridol induced expression of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic gene in leukemic blasts from adult patients with refractory AML. Moreover, flavopiridol repressed the expression of genes encoding oncogenic transcription factors (HMGA1, STAT3, E2F1) and the major subunit of RNA Polymerase II. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the cellular pathways targeted by flavopiridol. Although further studies are needed, our findings also suggest that blocking anti-apoptotic pathways could enhance cytotoxicity with flavopiridol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwella M. Nelson
- Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Biju Joseph
- Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Joelle Hillion
- Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jodi Segal
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Judith E. Karp
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Linda M. S. Resar
- Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Moliterno AR, Resar LMS. AKNA: another AT-hook transcription factor "hooking-up" with inflammation. Cell Res 2011; 21:1528-30. [PMID: 21670742 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Moliterno
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Williamson AJ, Whetton AD. Development of approaches for systematic analysis of protein networks in stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 50:273-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hillion J, Wood LJ, Mukherjee M, Bhattacharya R, Di Cello F, Kowalski J, Elbahloul O, Segal J, Poirier J, Rudin CM, Dhara S, Belton A, Joseph B, Zucker S, Resar LMS. Upregulation of MMP-2 by HMGA1 promotes transformation in undifferentiated, large-cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1803-12. [PMID: 19903768 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, the precise molecular mechanisms that give rise to lung cancer are incompletely understood. Here, we show that HMGA1 is an important oncogene that drives transformation in undifferentiated, large-cell carcinoma. First, we show that the HMGA1 gene is overexpressed in lung cancer cell lines and primary human lung tumors. Forced overexpression of HMGA1 induces a transformed phenotype with anchorage-independent cell growth in cultured lung cells derived from normal tissue. Conversely, inhibiting HMGA1 expression blocks anchorage-independent cell growth in the H1299 metastatic, undifferentiated, large-cell human lung carcinoma cells. We also show that the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene is a downstream target upregulated by HMGA1 in large-cell carcinoma cells. In chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, HMGA1 binds directly to the MMP-2 promoter in vivo in large-cell lung cancer cells, but not in squamous cell carcinoma cells. In large-cell carcinoma cell lines, there is a significant, positive correlation between HMGA1 and MMP-2 mRNA. Moreover, interfering with MMP-2 expression blocks anchorage-independent cell growth in H1299 large-cell carcinoma cells, indicating that the HMGA1-MMP-2 pathway is required for this transformation phenotype in these cells. Blocking MMP-2 expression also inhibits migration and invasion in the H1299 large-cell carcinoma cells. Our findings suggest an important role for MMP-2 in transformation mediated by HMGA1 in large-cell, undifferentiated lung carcinoma and support the development of strategies to target this pathway in selected tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Hillion
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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HMGA1 levels influence mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA repair efficiency. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:5426-40. [PMID: 19687300 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00105-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGA chromatin proteins, a family of gene regulatory factors found at only low concentrations in normal cells, are almost universally overexpressed in cancer cells. HMGA proteins are located in the nuclei of normal cells except during the late S/G(2) phases of the cell cycle, when HMGA1, one of the members of the family, reversibly migrates to the mitochondria, where it binds to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In many cancer cells, this controlled shuttling is lost and HMGA1 is found in mitochondria throughout the cell cycle. To investigate the effects of HMGA1 on mitochondria, we employed a genetically engineered line of human MCF-7 cells in which the levels of transgenic HMGA1 protein could be reversibly controlled. "Turn-ON" and "turn-OFF" time course experiments were performed with these cells to either increase or decrease intracellular HMGA1 levels, and various mitochondrial changes were monitored. Results demonstrated that changes in both mtDNA levels and mitochondrial mass inversely paralleled changes in HMGA1 concentrations, strongly implicating HMGA1 in the regulation of these parameters. Additionally, the level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased and the efficiency of repair of oxidatively damaged mtDNA decreased as consequences of elevated HMGA1 expression. Increased ROS levels and reduced repair efficiency in HMGA1-overexpressing cells likely contribute to the increased occurrence of mutations in mtDNA frequently observed in cancer cells.
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Hillion J, Dhara S, Sumter TF, Mukherjee M, Di Cello F, Belton A, Turkson J, Jaganathan S, Cheng L, Ye Z, Jove R, Aplan P, Lin YW, Wertzler K, Reeves R, Elbahlouh O, Kowalski J, Bhattacharya R, Resar LMS. The high-mobility group A1a/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 axis: an achilles heel for hematopoietic malignancies? Cancer Res 2008; 68:10121-7. [PMID: 19074878 PMCID: PMC2913892 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although HMGA1 (high-mobility group A1; formerly HMG-I/Y) is an oncogene that is widely overexpressed in aggressive cancers, the molecular mechanisms underlying transformation by HMGA1 are only beginning to emerge. HMGA1 encodes the HMGA1a and HMGA1b protein isoforms, which function in regulating gene expression. To determine how HMGA1 leads to neoplastic transformation, we looked for genes regulated by HMGA1 using gene expression profile analysis. Here, we show that the STAT3 gene, which encodes the signaling molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), is a critical downstream target of HMGA1a. STAT3 mRNA and protein are up-regulated in fibroblasts overexpressing HMGA1a and activated STAT3 recapitulates the transforming activity of HMGA1a in fibroblasts. HMGA1a also binds directly to a conserved region of the STAT3 promoter in vivo in human leukemia cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation and activates transcription of the STAT3 promoter in transfection experiments. To determine if this pathway contributes to HMGA1-mediated transformation, we investigated STAT3 expression in our HMGA1a transgenic mice, all of which developed aggressive lymphoid malignancy. STAT3 expression was increased in the leukemia cells from our transgenics but not in control cells. Blocking STAT3 function induced apoptosis in the transgenic leukemia cells but not in controls. In primary human leukemia samples, there was a positive correlation between HMGA1a and STAT3 mRNA. Moreover, blocking STAT3 function in human leukemia or lymphoma cells led to decreased cellular motility and foci formation. Our results show that the HMGA1a-STAT3 axis is a potential Achilles heel that could be exploited therapeutically in hematopoietic and other malignancies overexpressing HMGA1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Hillion
- Departments of Medicine, Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Nadiminty N, Gao AC. Mechanisms of selenium chemoprevention and therapy in prostate cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:1247-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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38
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Stein GS, Davie JR, Knowlton JR, Zaidi SK. Nuclear microenvironments and cancer. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1949-52. [PMID: 18649350 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids and regulatory proteins are architecturally organized in nuclear microenvironments. The compartmentalization of regulatory machinery for gene expression, replication and repair, is obligatory for fidelity of biological control. Perturbations in the organization, assembly and integration of regulatory machinery have been functionally linked to the onset and progression of tumorigenesis. The combined application of cellular, molecular, biochemical and in vivo genetic approaches, together with structural biology, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics, will likely lead to new approaches in cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, S3-310, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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Knockdown of MBP-1 in human foreskin fibroblasts induces p53-p21 dependent senescence. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3384. [PMID: 18852884 PMCID: PMC2557062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MBP-1 acts as a general transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of MBP-1 induces cell death in a number of cancer cells and regresses tumor growth. However, the function of endogenous MBP-1 in normal cell growth regulation remains unknown. To unravel the role of endogenous MBP-1, we knocked down MBP-1 expression in primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) by RNA interference. Knockdown of MBP-1 in HFF (HFF-MBPsi-4) resulted in an induction of premature senescence, displayed flattened cell morphology, and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. FACS analysis of HFF-MBPsi-4 revealed accumulation of a high number of cells in the G1-phase. A significant upregulation of cyclin D1 and reduction of cyclin A was detected in HFF-MBPsi-4 as compared to control HFF. Senescent fibroblasts exhibited enhanced expression of phosphorylated and acetylated p53, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. Further analysis suggested that promyolocytic leukemia protein (PML) bodies are dramatically increased in HFF-MBPsi-4. Together, these results demonstrated that knockdown of endogenous MBP-1 is involved in cellular senescence of HFF through p53-p21 pathway.
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40
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Bhat TA, Singh RP. Tumor angiogenesis – A potential target in cancer chemoprevention. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1334-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li Y, Lu J, Prochownik EV. Dual Role for SUMO E2 Conjugase Ubc9 in Modulating the Transforming and Growth-promoting Properties of the HMGA1b Architectural Transcription Factor. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:13363-71. [PMID: 17350957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610919200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the HMGA1 (high mobility group A1) family of architectural transcription factors, HMGA1a and HMGA1b, play important roles in many normal cellular processes and in tumorigenesis. We performed a yeast two-hybrid screen for HMGA1-interacting proteins and identified the SUMO E2 conjugase Ubc9 as one such partner. The Ubc9-interacting domain of HMGA1 is bipartite, consisting of a proline-rich region near the N terminus and an acidic domain at the extreme C terminus, whereas the HMGA1-interacting domain of Ubc9 comprises a single region previously shown to associate with and SUMOylate other transcription factors. Consistent with these findings, endogenous HMGA1 proteins and Ubc9 could be co-immunoprecipitated from several human cell lines. Studies with HMGA1b proteins containing mutations of either or both Ubc9-interacting domains and with Ubc9-depleted cell lines indicated that the proline-rich domain of HMGA1b positively influences transformation and growth, whereas the acidic domain negatively influences these properties. None of the changes in HMGA1 protein functions mediated by Ubc9 appears to require SUMOylation. These findings are consistent with the idea that Ubc9 can act as both a positive and negative regulator of proliferation and transformation via its non-SUMO-dependent interaction with HMGA1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, The Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Abstract
Despite the potential importance of senescence in tumour suppression, its effector mechanism is poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that alterations in the chromatin environment might add an additional layer of stability to the phenotype. In this review, recent discoveries on the interplay between senescence and chromatin biology are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narita
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
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Narita M, Narita M, Krizhanovsky V, Nuñez S, Chicas A, Hearn SA, Myers MP, Lowe SW. A novel role for high-mobility group a proteins in cellular senescence and heterochromatin formation. Cell 2006; 126:503-14. [PMID: 16901784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable state of proliferative arrest that provides a barrier to malignant transformation and contributes to the antitumor activity of certain chemotherapies. Senescent cells can accumulate senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs), which may provide a chromatin buffer that prevents activation of proliferation-associated genes by mitogenic transcription factors. Surprisingly, we show that the High-Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins, which can promote tumorigenesis, accumulate on the chromatin of senescent fibroblasts and are essential structural components of SAHFs. HMGA proteins cooperate with the p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor to promote SAHF formation and proliferative arrest and stabilize senescence by contributing to the repression of proliferation-associated genes. These antiproliferative activities are canceled by coexpression of the HDM2 and CDK4 oncogenes, which are often coamplified with HMGA2 in human cancers. Our results identify a component of the senescence machinery that contributes to heterochromatin formation and imply that HMGA proteins also act in tumor suppressor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Narita
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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Hoffmann MJ, Schulz WA. Causes and consequences of DNA hypomethylation in human cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:296-321. [PMID: 15959557 DOI: 10.1139/o05-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While specific genes are hypermethylated in the genome of cancer cells, overall methylcytosine content is often decreased as a consequence of hypomethylation affecting many repetitive sequences. Hypomethylation is also observed at a number of single-copy genes. While global hypomethylation is highly prevalent across all cancer types, it often displays considerable specificity with regard to tumor type, tumor stage, and sequences affected. Following an overview of hypomethylation alterations in various cancers, this review focuses on 3 hypotheses. First, hypomethylation at a single-copy gene may occur as a 2-step process, in which selection for gene function follows upon random hypo methylation. In this fashion, hypomethylation facilitates the adaptation of cancer cells to the ever-changing tumor tissue microenvironment, particularly during metastasis. Second, the development of global hypomethylation is intimately linked to chromatin restructuring and nuclear disorganization in cancer cells, reflected in a large number of changes in histone-modifying enzymes and other chromatin regulators. Third, DNA hypomethylation may occur at least partly as a consequence of cell cycle deregulation disturbing the coordination between DNA replication and activity of DNA methyltransferases. Finally, because of their relation to tumor progression and metastasis, DNA hypomethylation markers may be particularly useful to classify cancer and predict their clinical course.
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Chang ZG, Yang LY, Wang W, Peng JX, Huang GW, Tao YM, Ding X. Determination of high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential prognostic marker. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1764-70. [PMID: 16187170 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the expression of HMGA1 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the correlation between its expression and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis. HMGA1 expression was determined at both the mRNA level and the protein level in 30 HCC tissues and their corresponding paracancer liver tissues (PCLTs) and 2 normal liver tissues by RT-PCR and IHC. Follow-up study was done on the 30 patients involved in this research. HMGA1 mRNA was detected in nine cases of HCC tissues and two PCLTs, for a positivity rate of 30% and 6.7%, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas no HMGA1 mRNA expression was found in normal liver tissues. Clinicopathological analysis revealed that HMGA1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with Edmondson's grade (P < 0.05). HMGA1 protein was detected in four HCC tissues by IHC and located mainly in the nuclei; no positive staining was found in PCLTs. Follow-up study showed that HMGA1 mRNA-positive patients had a higher risk of recurrence/metastasis and a shorter survival than negative cases (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that HMGA1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and invasiveness of HCC and the determination of HMGA1 can be of great value in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Chang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory and Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, PR China
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