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Zhang R, Wang B, Li L, Li S, Guo H, Zhang P, Hua Y, Cui X, Li Y, Mu Y, Huang X, Li X. Modeling and insights into the structural characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115251. [PMID: 37451095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause serious harm to human health and the environment; therefore, it is important to rapidly and correctly identify EDCs. Different computational models have been proposed for the prediction of EDCs over the past few decades, but the reported models are not always easily available, and few studies have investigated the structural characteristics of EDCs. In the present study, we have developed a series of artificial intelligence models targeting EDC receptors: the androgen receptor (AR); estrogen receptor (ER); and pregnane X receptor (PXR). The consensus models achieved good predictive results for validation sets with balanced accuracy values of 87.37%, 90.13%, and 79.21% for AR, ER, and PXR binding assays, respectively. Analysis of the physical-chemical properties suggested that several chemical properties were significantly (p < 0.05) different between EDCs and non-EDCs. We also identified structural alerts that can indicate an EDC, which were integrated into the web server SApredictor. These models and structural characteristics can provide useful tools and information in the discrimination and mechanistic understanding of EDCs in drug discovery and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bailun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and perioperative medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huizhu Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuqing Hua
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xueyan Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Mu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China.
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2
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Jin BR, Lim CY, Kim HJ, Lee M, An HJ. Antioxidant mitoquinone suppresses benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating the AR-NLRP3 pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102816. [PMID: 37454529 PMCID: PMC10368918 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, has been used to treat several diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of MitoQ in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) models and their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we determined that MitoQ inhibited dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced cell proliferation and mitochondrial ROS by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling in prostate epithelial cells. Molecular modeling revealed that DHT may combine with AR and NLRP3, and that MitoQ inhibits both AR and NLRP3. AR and NLRP3 downregulation using siRNA showed the linkage among AR, NLRP3, and MitoQ. MitoQ administration alleviated pathological prostate enlargement and exerted anti-proliferative and antioxidant effects by suppressing the AR and NLRP3 signaling pathways in rats with BPH. Hence, our findings demonstrated that MitoQ is an inhibitor of NLPR3 and AR and a therapeutic agent for BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Young Lim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Androgen receptor signaling-mitochondrial DNA-oxidative phosphorylation: A critical triangle in early prostate cancer. Curr Urol 2022; 16:207-212. [PMID: 36714229 PMCID: PMC9875216 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are more than just the cellular powerhouse. They also play key roles in vital functions such as apoptosis, metabolism regulation, and other intracellular interactions. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for 12 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Depletion of mtDNA in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines renders them androgen-independent and more aggressive. Paradoxically, pharmaceutical inhibition of OXPHOS is lethal for subsets of PCa cells, whereas others become dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for survival. Given that the AR-mitochondria interaction is critical for early PCa, it is crucial to understand the details of this interaction. Technical hurdles have made mitochondria traditionally difficult to study, with many techniques used for isolation masking the properties of given individual mitochondria. Although the isolation of mitochondria enables us to study OXPHOS, we miss the context in which mitochondria interact with the rest of the cell. Both AR signaling and mtDNA affect apoptosis, metabolism regulation, cellular calcium storage and homeostasis, intracellular calcium signaling, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we will attempt to understand how the crosstalk between AR-mtDNA-OXPHOS is responsible for "life or death" decisions inside the cells. Our aim is to point toward potential vulnerabilities that can lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Ao T, Mochizuki S, Kajiwara Y, Yonemura K, Shiraishi T, Nagata K, Shinto E, Okamoto K, Nearchou IP, Shimazaki H, Kishi Y, Okada Y, Ueno H. Cancer-associated fibroblasts at the unfavorable desmoplastic stroma promote colorectal cancer aggressiveness: potential role of ADAM9. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1706-1721. [PMID: 35080810 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in cancer aggressiveness. Desmoplastic reaction (DR), morphologically classified as Mature, Intermediate and Immature types, has previously been shown to be highly prognostic in colorectal cancer (CRC) and it consists to a large extent of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular background of DR and understand the effects of CAFs in tumor aggressiveness. The prognostic significance of DR was initially examined in 1,497 patients. Then CAFs originating from patient tissues with different DR types were isolated and their impact on tumor growth was examined both in vitro and in vivo. DR was shown to be highly prognostic, with patients within the Immature DR group conferring the worst relapse-free survival. The conditioned media of CAFs from tumor with Immature-type DR (CAFsImmature ) significantly increased proliferation and migration of CRC cell lines and growth of CRC-derived organoids compared to that of CAFs from Mature-type DR (CAFsMature ). Subcutaneous or orthotopic implantation of CRC cells together with CAFsImmature in mice significantly promoted tumor growth and dissemination compared to implantation with CAFsMature . Systematic examination of the expression of "a disintegrin and metalloproteinases" (ADAMs) in CAFs isolated from CRC tissues showed that the secreted isoform of ADAM9 (ADAM9s) was significantly higher in CAFsImmature than in CAFsMature . Knockdown of ADAM9s in CAFsImmature abrogated the promoting effects on CRC cell proliferation and migration. CAFs-derived ADAM9s is implicated in deteriorating survival in CRC patients with Immature-type DR by increasing tumor cell proliferation and dissemination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakazu Ao
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yonemura
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shiraishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ken Nagata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ines P Nearchou
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimazaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defence Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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5
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The Role of the Metzincin Superfamily in Prostate Cancer Progression: A Systematic-Like Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073608. [PMID: 33808504 PMCID: PMC8036576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity in men. Potentially important regulators of prostate cancer progression are members of the metzincin superfamily of proteases, principally through their regulation of the extracellular matrix. It is therefore timely to review the role of the metzincin superfamily in prostate cancer and its progression to better understand their involvement in this disease. A systematic-like search strategy was conducted. Articles that investigated the roles of members of the metzincin superfamily and their key regulators in prostate cancer were included. The extracted articles were synthesized and data presented in tabular and narrative forms. Two hundred and five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 138 investigated the role of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) subgroup, 34 the Membrane-Tethered Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) subgroup, 22 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) subgroup, 8 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) subgroup and 53 the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP) family of regulators, noting that several studies investigated multiple family members. There was clear evidence that specific members of the metzincin superfamily are involved in prostate cancer progression, which can be either in a positive or negative manner. However, further understanding of their mechanisms of action and how they may be used as prognostic indicators or molecular targets is required.
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7
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Abstract
The ADAMs family belongs to the transmembrane protein superfamily of zinc-dependent metalloproteases, which consists of multiple domains. These domains have independent but complementary functions that enable them to participate in multiple biological processes. Among them, ADAM9 can not only participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix as a metalloprotease, but also mediate tumor cell adhesion through its deintegrin domain, which is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. It is widely expressed in a variety of tumor cells and can affect the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of related cancer cells. We provide our views on current progress, its increasing importance as a strategic treatment goal, and our vision for the future of ADAM9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Haoyuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University , Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - L I Yanshu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University , Liaoning, Shenyang, China
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8
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Breun M, Schwerdtfeger A, Martellotta DD, Kessler AF, Monoranu CM, Matthies C, Löhr M, Hagemann C. ADAM9: A novel player in vestibular schwannoma pathogenesis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1856-1864. [PMID: 32194680 PMCID: PMC7039135 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) is a member of the transmembrane ADAM family. It is expressed in different types of solid cancer and promotes tumor invasiveness. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to examine ADAM9 expression in vestibular schwannomas (VS) from patients with and without neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and to associate the data with clinical parameters of the patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if ADAM9 could be used as prognostic marker or therapeutic target. ADAM9 mRNA and protein levels were measured in VS samples (n=60). A total of 30 of them were from patients with neurofibromatosis. Healthy peripheral nerves from autopsies (n=10) served as controls. ADAM9 mRNA levels were measured by PCR, and protein levels were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB). The Hannover Classification was used to categorize tumor extension and hearing loss. ADAM9 mRNA levels were 8.8-fold higher in VS compared with in controls. The levels were 5.6-fold higher in patients with NF2 and 12-fold higher in patients with sporadic VS. WB revealed two mature isoforms of the protein, and according to IHC ADAM9 was mainly expressed by S100-positive Schwann cells. There was a strong correlation between ADAM9 mRNA expression and the level of functional impairment (r~1, p=0.01). Particularly, the secreted isoform of ADAM9 was expressed in patients with higher hearing impairment. ADAM9 mRNA was overexpressed in the tumor samples relative to healthy vestibular nerves, and there was an association between higher ADAM9 expression levels and greater hearing impairment. Therefore, ADAM9 may be a prognostic marker for VS, and ADAM9 inhibition might have the potential as a systemic approach for the treatment of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Almuth F Kessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Chu GCY, Chung LWK, Gururajan M, Hsieh CL, Josson S, Nandana S, Sung SY, Wang R, Wu JB, Zhau HE. Regulatory signaling network in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer bone and visceral organ metastases and the development of novel therapeutics. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:65-81. [PMID: 30775250 PMCID: PMC6363607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes cell signaling network of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to bone and visceral organs in the context of tumor microenvironment and for the development of novel therapeutics. The article focuses on our recent progress in the understanding of: 1) The plasticity and dynamics of tumor–stroma interaction; 2) The significance of epigenetic reprogramming in conferring cancer growth, invasion and metastasis; 3) New insights on altered junctional communication affecting PCa bone and brain metastases; 4) Novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance to hormonal antagonists and chemotherapy; 5) Genetic-based therapy to co-target tumor and bone stroma; 6) PCa-bone-immune cell interaction and TBX2-WNTprotein signaling in bone metastasis; 7) The roles of monoamine oxidase and reactive oxygen species in PCa growth and bone metastasis; and 8) Characterization of imprinting cluster of microRNA, in tumor–stroma interaction. This article provides new approaches and insights of PCa metastases with emphasis on basic science and potential for clinical translation. This article referenced the details of the various approaches and discoveries described herein in peer-reviewed publications. We dedicate this article in our fond memory of Dr. Donald S. Coffey who taught us the spirit of sharing and the importance of focusing basic science discoveries toward translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Murali Gururajan
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Bristol-Myer Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sajni Josson
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Oncoveda Cancer Research Center, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Srinivas Nandana
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Dong Y, Wu Z, He M, Chen Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Zhao X, Zhang L, Yuan B, Zeng Z. ADAM9 mediates the interleukin-6-induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition and metastasis through ROS production in hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 421:1-14. [PMID: 29432845 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 has been implicated in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular events that mediate this process are poorly understood. Here, we showed that IL-6 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cell lines, and upregulated a disintegrin and metalloprotease 9 (ADAM9) expression by activating the JNK signaling pathway. ADAM9 was upregulated in human HCCs which promoted HCC cell invasion and the EMT by interacting with NADPH oxidase 1 and inducing reactive oxygen species generation. Knockdown of ADAM9 inhibited the IL-6-induced EMT. Additionally, ADAM9 expression was positively correlated with IL-6 and Snail expression in human HCC specimens. Taken together, our results showed that ADAM9 is an important mediator of IL-6-induced HCC cell migration and invasion, and may provide a novel therapeutic target for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyan He
- Department of gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baoying Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaochong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Ueno M, Shiomi T, Mochizuki S, Chijiiwa M, Shimoda M, Kanai Y, Kataoka F, Hirasawa A, Susumu N, Aoki D, Okada Y. ADAM9 is over-expressed in human ovarian clear cell carcinomas and suppresses cisplatin-induced cell death. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:471-482. [PMID: 29247567 PMCID: PMC5797829 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) are involved in various biological events such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion, membrane protein shedding and proteolysis. However, there have been no systematic studies on the expression of ADAMs in human ovarian carcinomas. We therefore examined mRNA expression of all the proteolytic ADAM species including ADAM8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 28, 30, 33 and ADAMDEC1 in human ovarian carcinomas, and found that prototype membrane-anchored ADAM9m, but not secreted isoform ADAM9s, is significantly over-expressed in carcinomas than in control non-neoplastic ovarian tissue. Among the histological subtypes of serous, endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell carcinomas, ADAM9m expression was highest in clear cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry showed that all the clear cell carcinoma samples displayed ADAM9m primarily on the carcinoma cell membrane. By immunoblotting, ADAM9m was detected mainly in an active form in the clear cell carcinoma tissues. When two clear cell carcinoma cell lines (RMG-I and TOV21G cells) with ADAM9m expression were treated with cisplatin, viability was significantly reduced and apoptosis increased in ADAM9m knockdown cells compared with mock transfectants. In addition, treatment of the cells with neutralizing anti-ADAM9m antibody significantly decreased viability compared with non-immune IgG, whereas ADAM9m over-expression significantly increased viability compared with mock transfectants. Our data show, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, that ADAM9m is over-expressed in an activated form in human ovarian clear cell carcinomas, and suggest that ADAM9m plays a key role in cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ueno
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiomi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Chijiiwa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Kataoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Susumu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Lin CY, Cho CF, Bai ST, Liu JP, Kuo TT, Wang LJ, Lin YS, Lin CC, Lai LC, Lu TP, Hsieh CY, Chu CN, Cheng DC, Sher YP. ADAM9 promotes lung cancer progression through vascular remodeling by VEGFA, ANGPT2, and PLAT. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15108. [PMID: 29118335 PMCID: PMC5678093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a very high prevalence of brain metastasis, which results in a poor clinical outcome. Up-regulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) in lung cancer cells is correlated with metastasis to the brain. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this correlation remains to be elucidated. Since angiogenesis is an essential step for brain metastasis, microarray experiments were used to explore ADAM9-regulated genes that function in vascular remodeling. The results showed that the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and tissue plasminogen activator (PLAT) were suppressed in ADAM9-silenced cells, which in turn leads to decreases in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, simultaneous high expression of ADAM9 and VEGFA or of ADAM9 and ANGPT2 was correlated with poor prognosis in a clinical dataset. These findings suggest that ADAM9 promotes tumorigenesis through vascular remodeling, particularly by increasing the function of VEGFA, ANGPT2, and PLAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fong Cho
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Bai
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Pei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Kuo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Hsieh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Nan Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Da-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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13
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Thioredoxin-1 protects against androgen receptor-induced redox vulnerability in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1204. [PMID: 29089489 PMCID: PMC5663934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation (AD) therapy failure leads to terminal and incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We show that the redox-protective protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) increases with prostate cancer progression and in androgen-deprived CRPC cells, suggesting that CRPC possesses an enhanced dependency on TRX1. TRX1 inhibition via shRNA or a phase I-approved inhibitor, PX-12 (untested in prostate cancer), impedes the growth of CRPC cells to a greater extent than their androgen-dependent counterparts. TRX1 inhibition elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53 levels and cell death in androgen-deprived CRPC cells. Unexpectedly, TRX1 inhibition also elevates androgen receptor (AR) levels under AD, and AR depletion mitigates both TRX1 inhibition-mediated ROS production and cell death, suggesting that AD-resistant AR expression in CRPC induces redox vulnerability. In vivo TRX1 inhibition via shRNA or PX-12 reverses the castration-resistant phenotype of CRPC cells, significantly inhibiting tumor formation under systemic AD. Thus, TRX1 is an actionable CRPC therapeutic target through its protection against AR-induced redox stress.
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14
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Erin N, İpekçi T, Akkaya B, Özbudak İH, Baykara M. Changes in expressions of ADAM9, 10, and 17 as well as α-secretase activity in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2016; 35:36.e15-36.e22. [PMID: 27692848 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAM9, 10, and 17 are a class of disintegrins and metallproteinases with α-secretase activity. There are conflicting results regarding the role(s) of ADAM9, 10, and 17 in carcinogenesis, and only a few studies have examined their levels and cellular localization in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Studies examining changes in α-secretase activity in RCC compared to enzymatic activity of the uninvolved kidney are lacking. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in 56 patients undergoing radical nephrectomy after the diagnosis of RCC. α-Secretase activity was determined using flourogenic substrate in freshly frozen tumor tissues as well as similarly treated tissues from the neighboring kidney. Immunohistochemical analyses of ADAM9, 10, and 17 were also performed. RESULTS α-Secretase activity decreased markedly in all types of RCC as compared to neighboring uninvolved kidney tissue having 5 to 10 times higher levels of α-secretase activity. Although type-dependent variations were observed, tumoral expressions of ADAMs, except for ADAM17, were lower in the tumors compared to that of neighboring tissues, but the changes in α-secretase activity were greater. In RCC tissue, ADAM9 expressions were localized in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, whereas ADAM10 and 17 were present predominately in the cytoplasm potentially explaining the markedly decreased enzyme activity. Membranous localization of ADAMs was noted in uninvolved kidney tissue. CONCLUSIONS The loss of α-secretase activity observed here in conjunction with previous findings argue against tumorigenic effects of ADAM9, 10, and 17 supporting that increased nuclear and cytoplasmic expression may be an attempt to compensate for loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Tümay İpekçi
- Department of Urology, Başkent University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Akkaya
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İrem Hicran Özbudak
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Urology, Başkent University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Baykara
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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15
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Soekmadji C, Riches JD, Russell PJ, Ruelcke JE, McPherson S, Wang C, Hovens CM, Corcoran NM, Hill MM, Nelson CC. Modulation of paracrine signaling by CD9 positive small extracellular vesicles mediates cellular growth of androgen deprived prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52237-52255. [PMID: 28881726 PMCID: PMC5581025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and maintenance of both normal and prostate cancer (PCa) cells is highly regulated by steroid hormones, particularly androgens, and the extracellular environment. Herein, we identify the secretion of CD9 positive extracellular vesicles (EV) by LNCaP and DUCaP PCa cells in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and use nano-LC–MS/MS to identify the proteins present in these EV. Subsequent bioinformatic and pathway analyses of the mass spectrometry data identified pathologically relevant pathways that may be altered by EV contents. Western blot and CD9 EV TR-FIA assay confirmed a specific increase in the amount of CD9 positive EV in DHT-treated LNCaP and DUCaP cells and treatment of cells with EV enriched with CD9 after DHT exposure can induce proliferation in androgen-deprived conditions. siRNA knockdown of endogenous CD9 in LNCaPs reduced cellular proliferation and expression of AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA) however knockdown of AR did not alter CD9 expression, also implicating CD9 as an upstream regulator of AR. Moreover CD9 positive EV were also found to be significantly higher in plasma from prostate cancer patients in comparison with benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. We conclude that CD9 positive EV are involved in mediating paracrine signalling and contributing toward prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James D Riches
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayde E Ruelcke
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen McPherson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris M Hovens
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Michelle M Hill
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2226. [PMID: 27195673 PMCID: PMC4917665 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit unique metabolic adaptations that are increasingly viewed as potential targets for novel and specific cancer therapies. Among these targets, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system is responsible for delivering the long-chain fatty acid (FA) from cytoplasm into mitochondria for oxidation, where carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). With increasing understanding of the crucial role had by fatty acid oxidation in cancer, CPTI has received renewed attention as a pivotal mediator in cancer metabolic mechanism. CPTI activates FAO and fuels cancer growth via ATP and NADPH production, constituting an essential part of cancer metabolism adaptation. Moreover, CPTI also functionally intertwines with other key pathways and factors to regulate gene expression and apoptosis of cancer cell. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding of FAO and CPTI in cancer and provide theoretical basis for this enzyme as an emerging potential molecular target in cancer therapeutic intervention.
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17
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Pen CC, Liu CM, Lin CC, Lin CC, Hsieh TF, Josson S, He YC, Chung LWK, Lin KL, Sung SY. Combined Dynamic Alterations in Urinary VEGF Levels and Tissue ADAM9 Expression as Markers for Lethal Phenotypic Progression of Prostate Cancer. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2016; 55:390-7. [PMID: 23286446 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2012.baa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that detection of changes in the levels of urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) is effective in determining prostate cancer progression. To evaluate the combined application of VEGF and ADAM9 as early progression markers of lethal phenotypic cancer, quantification of urinary VEGF and tissue ADAM9 expression was studied in patients with late stage prostate cancer. Tissue biopsies were collected during palliative transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgery, and urine samples were collected before hormone therapy and 3, 6 and 12 months post-TURP. We observed a nearly 100% correlation between increasing urinary VEGF levels over time and prostate cancer progression, but no correlation was observed when comparing urinary VEGF concentrations at a single time point and cancer progression. In addition, we also observed correlation of increasing ADAM9 nuclear positive staining and lethal phenotypic transition. Statistical analysis revealed that both the increase in urinary VEGF level and the presence of the tissue ADAM9 nuclear staining were significantly correlated with the risk of patients with relapse prostate cancer (P < 0.05). Thus, we suggest that combination of detection of changes in urinary VEGF and tissue staining of ADAM9 may be accurate for predicting the mortality of patients with prostate cancer during hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chin Pen
- Urology Department, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan 70043, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Kim JM, Jeung HC, Rha SY, Yu EJ, Kim TS, Shin YK, Zhang X, Park KH, Park SW, Chung HC, Powis G. The effect of disintegrin-metalloproteinase ADAM9 in gastric cancer progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3074-85. [PMID: 25344581 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies, and ADAM (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase)-9 is a cell-surface membrane glycoprotein with oncogenic properties that is overexpressed in several cancers. Herein, we investigated the biologic mechanism of ADAM9 in the progression, proliferation, and invasion of gastric cancer. First, we detected ADAM's expression, processing, and protease activity in gastric cancer cells. Protease activity was moderately correlated with ADAM9 protein expression, but was better related to a processed smaller molecular weight (84 kDa) form of ADAM9. Knockdown of ADAM9 or specifically targeted monoclonal antibody (RAV-18) suppressed cancer cell proliferation and invasion in high ADAM9-expressing cells, not in low ADAM9-expressing cells. RAV-18 showed in vivo antitumor activity in a gastric cancer xenograft model. Hypoxia (1% oxygen) induced ADAM9 expression and functional activity in low ADAM9-expressing gastric cancer cells that was inhibited by siRNA knockdown or RAV-18 antibody to levels in normoxic cells. Overall, our studies show that ADAM9 plays an important role in gastric cancer proliferation and invasion, and that while expressed in some gastric cancer cells at high levels that are responsive to functional inhibition and antitumor activity of a catalytic site-directed antibody, other gastric cancer cells have low levels of expression and only when exposed to hypoxia do ADAM9 levels increase and the cells become responsive to ADAM9 antibody inhibition. Therefore, our findings suggest that ADAM9 could be an effective therapeutic target for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Kim
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Brain Korea 21 Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Brain Korea 21 Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Keun Shin
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Brain Korea 21 Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Brain Korea 21 Projects for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Garth Powis
- Sanford-Burnham Research Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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19
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Oxidative Stress and Prostate Cancer. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Itsumi M, Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Kashiwagi E, Takeuchi A, Tatsugami K, Inokuchi J, Song Y, Uchiumi T, Naito S. Human heterochromatin protein 1 isoforms regulate androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 50:401-9. [PMID: 23536649 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical for the tumorigenesis and development of prostate cancer, as well as the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. We previously showed that the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) β isoform plays a critical role in transactivation of AR signaling as an AR coactivator that promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation. However, the roles of other HP1 isoforms, HP1α and HP1γ, in AR expression and prostate cancer remain unclear. Here, we found that knockdown of HP1γ, but not HP1α, reduced AR expression and cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in LNCaP cells. Conversely, overexpression of full-length HP1α and its C-terminal deletion mutant increased AR expression and cell growth, whereas overexpression of HP1γ had no effect. Similarly, HP1α overexpression promoted 22Rv1 cell growth, whereas HP1γ knockdown reduced the proliferation of CxR cells, a castration-resistant LNCaP derivative. Taken together, HP1 isoforms distinctly augment AR signaling and cell growth in prostate cancer. Therefore, silencing of HP1β and HP1γ may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoe Itsumi
- Departments of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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21
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Liu CM, Hsieh CL, He YC, Lo SJ, Liang JA, Hsieh TF, Josson S, Chung LWK, Hung MC, Sung SY. In vivo targeting of ADAM9 gene expression using lentivirus-delivered shRNA suppresses prostate cancer growth by regulating REG4 dependent cell cycle progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53795. [PMID: 23342005 PMCID: PMC3547060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells respond to stress by activating a variety of survival signaling pathways. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 9 is upregulated during cancer progression and hormone therapy, functioning in part through an increase in reactive oxygen species. Here, we present in vitro and in vivo evidence that therapeutic targeting of ADAM9 gene expression by lentivirus-delivered small hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited proliferation of human prostate cancer cell lines and blocked tumor growth in a murine model of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Cell cycle studies confirmed an increase in the G1-phase and decrease in the S-phase population of cancer cells under starvation stress conditions, which correlated with elevated intracellular superoxide levels. Microarray data showed significantly decreased levels of regenerating islet-derived family member 4 (REG4) expression in prostate cancer cells with knockdown of ADAM9 gene expression. This REG4 downregulation also resulted in induction of expression of p21Cip1/WAF1, which negatively regulates cyclin D1 and blocks the G1/S transition. Our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism of ADAM9 in the regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation, and suggests a combined modality of ADAM9 shRNA gene therapy and cytotoxic agents for hormone refractory and bone metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ming Liu
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Graduate Institutes of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chi He
- Graduate Institutes of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sen-Jei Lo
- Graduate Institutes of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Fu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Urology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sajni Josson
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Leland W. K. Chung
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institutes of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institutes of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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22
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Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Naito S. Pro-survival and anti-apoptotic properties of androgen receptor signaling by oxidative stress promote treatment resistance in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R243-53. [PMID: 23033314 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species levels or a decrease in cellular antioxidant capacity can evoke the modulation of various cellular events including androgen receptor (AR) signaling via direct or indirect interactions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of AR activation by oxidative stress including: i) AR overexpression; ii) AR activation by AR co-regulators or intracellular signal transduction pathways; iii) generation of AR mutations or splice variants; and iv) de novo androgen synthesis. AR signaling augmented by oxidative stress appears to contribute to pro-survival and anti-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells in response to androgen deprivation therapy. In addition, AR signaling suppresses anti-survival and pro-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer cells in response to various cytotoxic and tumor-suppressive interventions including taxanes and radiation through the modulation of βIII-tubulin and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase expression respectively. Taken together, AR signaling appears to render prostate cancer cells refractory to various therapeutic interventions including castration, taxanes, and radiation, indicating that AR signaling is a comprehensive resistant factor and crucial target for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Thompson O, Moghraby JS, Ayscough KR, Winder SJ. Depletion of the actin bundling protein SM22/transgelin increases actin dynamics and enhances the tumourigenic phenotypes of cells. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:1. [PMID: 22257561 PMCID: PMC3280177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SM22 has long been studied as an actin-associated protein. Interestingly, levels of SM22 are often reduced in tumour cell lines, while they are increased during senescence possibly indicating a role for SM22 in cell fate decisions via its interaction with actin. In this study we aimed to determine whether reducing levels of SM22 could actively contribute to a tumourigenic phenotype. Results We demonstrate that in REF52 fibroblasts, decreased levels of SM22 disrupt normal actin organization leading to changes in the motile behaviour of cells. Interestingly, SM22 depletion also led to an increase in the capacity of cells to spontaneously form podosomes with a concomitant increase in the ability to invade Matrigel. In PC3 prostate epithelial cancer cells by contrast, where SM22 is undetectable, re-expression of SM22 reduced the ability to invade Matrigel. Furthermore SM22 depleted cells also had reduced levels of reactive oxygen species when under serum starvation stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that depletion of SM22 could contribute to tumourigenic properties of cells. Reduction in SM22 levels would tend to promote cell survival when cells are under stress, such as in a hypoxic tumour environment, and may also contribute to increases in actin dynamics that favour metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Martinez-Lemus LA, Zhao G, Galiñanes EL, Boone M. Inward remodeling of resistance arteries requires reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H2005-15. [PMID: 21460197 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01066.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inward eutrophic remodeling is the most prevalent structural change of resistance arteries in hypertension. Sympathetic and angiotensin (ANG)-induced vasoconstriction has been associated with hypertension and with the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and ROS. Therefore, we hypothesize that prolonged exposure to norepinephrine (NE) and ANG II induces arteriolar inward remodeling dependent on the activation of MMPs and the production of ROS. This hypothesis was tested on rat cremaster arterioles that were isolated, cannulated, pressurized, and exposed to either NE (10(-5.5) mol/l) + ANG II (10(-7) mol/l) or vehicle (control) for 4 h. The prolonged exposure to NE + ANG II induced inward remodeling, as evidenced by the reduced maximal arteriolar passive diameter observed after versus before exposure to the vasoconstrictor agonists. NE + ANG II also increased the arteriolar expression and activity of MMP-2 and the production of ROS as determined, respectively, by real-time RT-PCR, gel and in situ zymography, and the use of ROS-sensitive dyes with multiphoton microscopy. Inhibition of MMP activation (with GM-6001) or ROS production (with apocynin or tempol) prevented the NE + ANG II-induced inward remodeling. Inhibition of ROS production prevented the activation of MMPs and the remodeling process, whereas inhibition of MMP activation did not affect ROS production. These results indicate that prolonged stimulation of resistance arterioles with NE + ANG II induces a ROS-dependent activation of MMPs necessary for the development of arteriolar inward remodeling. These mechanisms may contribute to the structural narrowing of resistance vessels in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center , Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 134 Research Park Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health problem as it continues to be the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the Western world. While improved early detection significantly decreased mortality, prostate cancer still remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Western men. Understanding the mechanisms of prostate cancer initiation and progression should have a significant impact on development of novel therapeutic approaches that can help to combat this disease. The recent explosion of novel high-throughput genetic technologies together with studies in animal models and human tissues allowed a comprehensive analysis and functional validation of the molecular changes. This chapter will summarize and discuss recently identified critical genetic and epigenetic changes that drive prostate cancer initiation and progression. These discoveries should help concentrate the efforts of drug development on key pathways and molecules, and finally translate the knowledge that is gained from mechanistic studies into effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S Knudsen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Josson S, Anderson CS, Sung SY, Johnstone PAS, Kubo H, Hsieh CL, Arnold R, Gururajan M, Yates C, Chung LWK. Inhibition of ADAM9 expression induces epithelial phenotypic alterations and sensitizes human prostate cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Prostate 2011; 71:232-40. [PMID: 20672324 PMCID: PMC3174735 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies demonstrated the importance of ADAM9 in prostate cancer relapse upon therapy. In this study, we determined the role of ADAM9 in the therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS ADAM9 was either transiently or stably knocked down in C4-2 prostate cancer cells. The sensitivity of ADAM9 knockdown cells toward radiation and chemotherapeutic agents were determined. Additionally, the effects of ADAM9 knockdown on prostate cancer cell morphology, biochemical and functional alterations were accessed. RESULTS Both transient and stable knockdown of ADAM9 resulted in increased apoptosis and increased sensitivity to radiation. ADAM9 knockdown also increased prostate cancer sensitivity to several chemotherapeutic drugs. ADAM9 knockdown resulted in increased E-cadherin and altered integrin expression and underwent phenotypic epithelial transition. These were reflected by the morphological, biochemical, and functional alterations in the ADAM9 knockdown cells. CONCLUSIONS ADAM9 plays a crucial role in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance in part by altering E-cadherin and integrin expression. ADAM9 is an important target for the consideration of treating prostate cancer patients who developed therapeutic resistance and disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajni Josson
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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What can surrogate tissues tell us about the oxidative stress status of the prostate? A hypothesis-generating in-vivo study. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15880. [PMID: 21209941 PMCID: PMC3011012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic oxidative stress (OS) is androgen-regulated and a key event in the development of prostate cancer (PC). Thus, reducing prostatic OS is an attractive target for PC prevention strategies. We sought to determine if the individual's prostatic OS status can be determined by examining the OS in surrogate androgen regulated tissues from the same host. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Adult male rats were divided equally into three groups: (A-) underwent bilateral orchiectomy, (A+) received continuous testosterone supplementation or (C) were eugonadal. Serum testosterone, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and anti-oxidative capacity (AOC) were determined after 72 hrs and the prostate, salivary glands and the hair follicles' Dermal Papillary Cells (DPC) from each animal were harvested, embedded into tissue microarray and examined for the expression of 8-OHdG by immuno-staining. Multi-variate regression was used to analyze inter-individual differences in OS staining within each androgen group and if there was a correlation between serum testosterone, 8-OHdG or AOC and Prostatic OS in tissues of same host. At the group level, 8-OHdG staining intensity directly correlated with serum testosterone levels in all three target tissues (p>0.01, Mann-Whitney Test). Although different levels of prostatic OS were noted between rats with similar serum testosterone levels and similar systemic OS measurements (p<0.01), there were no intra-individual differences between the OS status of the prostate and DPC (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The level of prostatic OS is correlated with the OS of hair follicles and salivary glands, but not systemic OS. Moreover, systemic AOC negatively correlates with both prostatic and hair follicle OS. This suggests that hair follicle and salivary gland OS can serve as surrogate markers for the efficiency of OS reduction. This has tremendous potential for the rational evaluation of patient response to prevention strategies.
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Mongaret C, Alexandre J, Thomas-Schoemann A, Bermudez E, Chéreau C, Nicco C, Goldwasser F, Weill B, Batteux F, Lemare F. Tumor invasion induced by oxidative stress is dependent on membrane ADAM 9 protein and its secreted form. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:791-8. [PMID: 21064090 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis which involves cell invasion and adhesion that could be supported by ADAM proteins through the activities of their metalloprotease and disintegrin domains. We hypothesized that oxidative stress could act through the induction of ADAM9 protein in some cancer cells. Indeed, Western blot analysis for ADAM9 performed on A549 cells exposed to H(2) O(2) reveals a dose-dependent induction of two proteins (80 and 68 kDa) correlated with a sharp increase of the ADAM protease activity measured in supernatant while the activity measured on the cell layer was slightly affected. The 80kDa protein corresponds to the mature form of ADAM9. Immunoprecipitation analysis performed on concentrated supernatants revealed that the 68 kDa protein is a secreted form of ADAM9. When exposed to H(2) O(2) , A549 cells cocultured with confluent endothelial vascular cells resulted in a 5.5 fold (p < 0.001) increase in the number of adherent cells. Similarly, matrigel assay revealed a 3.25 fold (p < 0.01) increase in the number of invasive cells. The suppression of ADAM9 expression by specific small interfering RNA reduced oxidative stress-induced invasiveness and adhesiveness. These functions could be mediated by an interaction between ADAM9 and β1 integrin because each of them were inhibited when the experiment is performed in presence of mAbs targeting ADAM9 ectodomain or β1-integrin. These results emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis and suggest that ADAM9 and its secreted isoform can be important determinants in the ability of cancer cells to disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mongaret
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, EA 1833, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France.
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Fry JL, Toker A. Secreted and membrane-bound isoforms of protease ADAM9 have opposing effects on breast cancer cell migration. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8187-98. [PMID: 20736367 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell migration is mediated by cell-autonomous signaling mechanisms as well as paracrine and autocrine factors secreted by activated stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Like other members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family, the integrin-binding metalloproteinase ADAM9 modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as ectodomain shedding of cell surface receptors and ligands, thereby modifying intracellular and extracellular signaling. ADAM9 transcripts are alternatively spliced to express a transmembrane protein (ADAM9-L) and a secreted variant (ADAM9-S). In this study, we show that ADAM9-S promotes breast cancer cell migration in a manner requiring its metalloproteinase activity, whereas ADAM9-L suppresses cell migration independent of its metalloproteinase activity. Suppression of migration by ADAM9-L requires a functional disintegrin domain and integrin binding. Expression analysis revealed that both ADAM9 isoforms are expressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Therefore, relative levels of membrane-tethered and secreted variants of ADAM9 are a key determinant in manifestation of aggressive migratory phenotypes associated with breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fry
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Sturrock A, Vollbrecht T, Mir-Kasimov M, McManus M, Wilcoxen SE, Paine R. Mechanisms of suppression of alveolar epithelial cell GM-CSF expression in the setting of hyperoxic stress. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L446-53. [PMID: 20034963 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00161.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary expression of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is critically important for normal functional maturation of alveolar macrophages. We found previously that lung GM-CSF is dramatically suppressed in mice exposed to hyperoxia. Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) are a major source of GM-CSF in the peripheral lung, and in vivo hyperoxia resulted in greatly reduced expression of GM-CSF protein by AEC ex vivo. We now explore the mechanisms responsible for this effect, using primary cultures of murine AEC exposed to hyperoxia in vitro. Exposure of AEC to 80% oxygen/5% CO(2) for 48 h did not induce overt toxicity, but resulted in significantly decreased GM-CSF protein and mRNA expression compared with cells in normoxia. Similar effects were seen when AEC were stressed with serum deprivation, an alternative inducer of oxidative stress. The effects in AEC were opposite those in a murine lung epithelial cell line (MLE-12 cells), in which hyperoxia induced GM-CSF expression. Both hyperoxia and serum deprivation resulted in increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AEC. Hyperoxia and serum deprivation induced significantly accelerated turnover of GM-CSF mRNA. Treatment of AEC with catalase during oxidative stress preserved GM-CSF protein and mRNA and was associated with stabilization of GM-CSF mRNA. We conclude that hyperoxia-induced suppression of AEC GM-CSF expression is a function of ROS-induced destabilization of GM-CSF mRNA. We speculate that AEC oxidative stress results in significantly impaired pulmonary innate immune defense due to effects on local GM-CSF expression in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sturrock
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, and Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Khandrika L, Kumar B, Koul S, Maroni P, Koul HK. Oxidative stress in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:125-36. [PMID: 19185987 PMCID: PMC2789743 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As prostate cancer and aberrant changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) become more common with aging, ROS signaling may play an important role in the development and progression of this malignancy. Increased ROS, otherwise known as oxidative stress, is a result of either increased ROS generation or a loss of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress is associated with several pathological conditions including inflammation and infection. ROS are products of normal cellular metabolism and play vital roles in stimulation of signaling pathways in response to changing intra- and extracellular environmental conditions. Chronic increases in ROS over time are known to induce somatic mutations and neoplastic transformation. In this review we summarize the causes for increased ROS generation and its potential role in etiology and progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathi Khandrika
- Signal transduction and Molecular Urology Laboratory-Program in Urosciences, Division of Urology- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Binod Kumar
- Signal transduction and Molecular Urology Laboratory-Program in Urosciences, Division of Urology- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Signal transduction and Molecular Urology Laboratory-Program in Urosciences, Division of Urology- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul Maroni
- Signal transduction and Molecular Urology Laboratory-Program in Urosciences, Division of Urology- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hari K. Koul
- Signal transduction and Molecular Urology Laboratory-Program in Urosciences, Division of Urology- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado at Denver, Building P15 or RC2, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Room number 6430D, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Franzke CW, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Blobel CP. Shedding of collagen XVII/BP180 in skin depends on both ADAM10 and ADAM9. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23386-96. [PMID: 19574220 PMCID: PMC2749112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.034090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XVII is a transmembrane collagen and the major autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease bullous pemphigoid. Collagen XVII is proteolytically released from the membrane, and the pathogenic epitope harbors the cleavage site for its ectodomain shedding, suggesting that proteolysis has an important role in regulating the function of collagen XVII in skin homeostasis. Previous studies identified ADAMs 9, 10, and 17 as candidate collagen XVII sheddases and suggested that ADAM17 is a major sheddase. Here we show that ADAM17 only indirectly affects collagen XVII shedding and that ADAMs 9 and 10 are the most prominent collagen XVII sheddases in primary keratinocytes because (a) collagen XVII shedding was not stimulated by phorbol esters, known activators of ADAM17, (b) constitutive and calcium influx-stimulated shedding was sensitive to the ADAM10-selective inhibitor GI254023X and was strongly reduced in Adam10(-/-) cells, (c) there was a 55% decrease in constitutive collagen XVII ectodomain shedding from Adam9(-/-) keratinocytes, and (d) H(2)O(2) enhanced ADAM9 expression and stimulated collagen XVII shedding in skin and keratinocytes of wild type mice but not of Adam9(-/-) mice. We conclude that ADAM9 and ADAM10 can both contribute to collagen XVII shedding in skin with an enhanced relative contribution of ADAM9 in the presence of reactive oxygen species. These results provide critical new insights into the identity and regulation of the major sheddases for collagen XVII in keratinocytes and skin and have implications for the treatment of blistering diseases of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus-Werner Franzke
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021
- the Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, and
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- the Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, and
- the Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl P. Blobel
- From the Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021
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Abstract
Pathological ocular neovascularization, caused by diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, or retinopathy of prematurity, is a leading cause of blindness, yet much remains to be learned about its underlying causes. Here we used oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) to assess the contribution of the metalloprotease-disintegrin ADAM9 to ocular neovascularization in mice. Pathological neovascularization in both the OIR and CNV models was significantly reduced in Adam9(-/-) mice compared to wild-type controls. In addition, the level of ADAM9 expression was strongly increased in endothelial cells in pathological vascular tufts in the OIR model. Moreover, tumor growth from heterotopically injected B16F0 melanoma cells was reduced in Adam9(-/-) mice compared to controls. In cell-based assays, the overexpression of ADAM9 enhanced the ectodomain shedding of EphB4, Tie-2, Flk-1, CD40, VCAM, and VE-cadherin, so the enhanced expression of ADAM9 could potentially affect pathological neovascularization by increasing the shedding of these and other membrane proteins from endothelial cells. Finally, we provide the first evidence for the upregulation of ADAM9-dependent shedding by reactive oxygen species, which in turn are known to play a critical role in OIR. Collectively, these results suggest that ADAM9 could be an attractive target for the prevention of proliferative retinopathies, CNV, and cancer.
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Blobel CP, Carpenter G, Freeman M. The role of protease activity in ErbB biology. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:671-82. [PMID: 19013149 PMCID: PMC2646910 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are now recognized as having an active role in a variety of processes aside from their recognized metabolic role in protein degradation. Within the ErbB system of ligands and receptors, proteases are known to be necessary for the generation of soluble ligands from transmembrane precursors and for the processing of the ErbB4 receptor, such that its intracellular domain is translocated to the nucleus. There are two protease activities involved in the events: proteases that cleave within the ectodomain of ligand (or receptor) and proteases that cleave the substrate within the transmembrane domain. The former are the ADAM proteases and the latter are the gamma-secretase complex and the rhomboid proteases. This review discusses the roles of each of these protease systems within the ErbB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl P. Blobel
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Graham Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Matthew Freeman
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH United Kingdom
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Sung SY, Hsieh CL, Law A, Zhau HE, Pathak S, Multani AS, Lim S, Coleman IM, Wu LC, Figg WD, Dahut WL, Nelson P, Lee JK, Amin MB, Lyles R, Johnstone PAJ, Marshall FF, Chung LWK. Coevolution of prostate cancer and bone stroma in three-dimensional coculture: implications for cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 2009; 68:9996-10003. [PMID: 19047182 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human bone stromal cells, after three-dimensional coculture with human prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro, underwent permanent cytogenetic and gene expression changes with reactive oxygen species serving as mediators. The evolved stromal cells are highly inductive of human PCa growth in mice, and expressed increased levels of extracellular matrix (versican and tenascin) and chemokine (BDFN, CCL5, CXCL5, and CXCL16) genes. These genes were validated in clinical tissue and/or serum specimens and could be the predictors for invasive and bone metastatic PCa. These results, combined with our previous observations, support the concept of permanent genetic and behavioral changes of PCa epithelial cells after being either cocultured with prostate or bone stromal cells as three-dimensional prostate organoids or grown as tumor xenografts in mice. These observations collectively suggest coevolution of cancer and stromal cells occurred under three-dimensional growth condition, which ultimately accelerates cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ying Sung
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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ADAM9 Expression is a Significant and Independent Prognostic Marker of PSA Relapse in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2008; 54:1097-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Yang S, Misner B, Chiu R, Meyskens FL. Common and distinct mechanisms of different redox-active carcinogens involved in the transformation of mouse JB6P+ cells. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:485-91. [PMID: 18092320 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We transformed JB6P+ cells with prolonged intermittent low-dose UVB radiation or prolonged exposure to low-dose H(2)O(2) or CdCl(2). Stable transformation was confirmed by an anchorage-independence assay. The JB6P+ transformants formed more colonies (approximately six folds) in soft agar as compared to their JB6P+ parent cells and were associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Activating protein-1 (AP-1) is a family of transcription factors that are rapidly activated by elevated intracellular ROS levels, and their composition is important in the process of cellular transformation and/or tumor progression. To investigate if carcinogenesis induced by distinct carcinogens was via similar molecular mechanisms in these transformants, gel mobility shift and immunoblot analyses were utilized to determine the distinct AP-1 compositions. Compared to parent JB6P+ cells, the gain of JunB and Fra-1 in AP-1 DNA binding complexes was markedly increased in all transformed cells, which might contribute to a more proliferative phenotype, while loss of Fra-2 occurred in JB6P+/H(2)O(2) and JB6P+/Cd cells. Differential AP-1 components in the transformants suggested that their transformations might be mediated by distinct transcription signalings with distinct AP-1 dimer compositions. However, all three transformants exhibited increased activation of pathways involved in cell proliferation (ERK/Fra-1/AP-1 and JNK/c-jun/AP-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-xl). The development of the JB6P+ transformants (JB6P+/UVB; JB6P+/H(2)O(2); JB6P+/Cd) provides a unique tool to study the mechanisms that contribute to different redox-active carcinogens in a single model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yang
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California 92868, USA
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Fritzsche FR, Wassermann K, Jung M, Tölle A, Kristiansen I, Lein M, Johannsen M, Dietel M, Jung K, Kristiansen G. ADAM9 is highly expressed in renal cell cancer and is associated with tumour progression. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:179. [PMID: 18582378 PMCID: PMC2442841 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) 9 has been implicated in tumour progression of various solid tumours, however, little is known about its role in renal cell carcinoma. We evaluated the expression of ADAM9 on protein and transcript level in a clinico-pathologically characterized renal cell cancer cohort. METHODS 108 renal cancer cases were immunostained for ADAM9 on a tissue-micro-array. For 30 additional cases, ADAM9 mRNA of microdissected tumour and normal tissue was analyzed via quantitative RT-PCR. SPSS 14.0 was used to apply crosstables (Fisher's exact test and chi2-test), correlations and univariate as well as multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS ADAM9 was significantly up-regulated in renal cancer in comparison to the adjacent normal tissue on mRNA level. On protein level, ADAM9 was significantly associated with higher tumour grade, positive nodal status and distant metastasis. Furthermore, ADAM9 protein expression was significantly associated with shortened patient survival in the univariate analysis. CONCLUSION ADAM9 is strongly expressed in a large proportion of renal cell cancers, concordant with findings in other tumour entities. Additionally, ADAM9 expression is significantly associated with markers of unfavourable prognosis. Whether the demonstrated prognostic value of ADAM9 is independent from other tumour parameters will have to be verified in larger study cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian R Fritzsche
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Editorial comment on: ADAM9 expression is a significant and independent prognostic marker of PSA relapse in prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2007; 54:1107-8. [PMID: 18061340 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Arima T, Enokida H, Kubo H, Kagara I, Matsuda R, Toki K, Nishimura H, Chiyomaru T, Tatarano S, Idesako T, Nishiyama K, Nakagawa M. Nuclear translocation of ADAM-10 contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of human prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:1720-6. [PMID: 17727679 PMCID: PMC11158887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM) are cell membrane-anchored proteins with potential implications for the metastasis of human cancer cells via cell adhesion and protease activities. In prostate cancer (PC), the ADAM-10 protein showed a nuclear localization whereas in benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) it was predominantly bound to the cell membrane. We hypothesized that the pathogenesis and progression of PC are attributable to the nuclear translocation of ADAM-10. Immunoblotting revealed that after 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone treatment, a 60-kDa active form of ADAM-10 was increased in the nuclear fraction but decreased in the cell membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of human androgen-dependent PC cells. Immunocytochemistry revealed that after 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone treatment, the ADAM-10 protein was translocated from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Coimmunoprecipitation of androgen receptor and ADAM-10 was detected in the nuclear fraction but not in the cell membrane and cytoplasmic fractions. Immunohistochemical study of 64 PC and 20 BPH samples showed that the intensity of ADAM-10 staining was significantly higher in the nuclei of PC cells than in the nuclei of BPH cells (P < 0.0001). It was also significantly lower in the cell membrane of PC cells than in the cell membrane of BPH cells (P = 0.0017). Nuclear staining intensity was significantly correlated with the clinical T-factor (P = 0.004), the Gleason score (P < 0.0001) and preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels (P = 0.0061). ADAM-10 small interfering RNA transfectants showed a significant decrease in cell growth compared to the controls. Our results suggest that in human PC, the nuclear translocation of ADAM-10 coupled with the androgen receptor is involved in tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Arima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Emerging roles of ADAM and ADAMTS metalloproteinases in cancer. Biochimie 2007; 90:369-79. [PMID: 17920749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are a recently discovered family of proteins that share the metalloproteinase domain with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among this family, structural features distinguish the membrane-anchored ADAMs and the secreted ADAMs with thrombospondin motifs referred to as ADAMTSs. By acting on a large panel of membrane-associated and extracellular substrates, they control several cell functions such as adhesion, fusion, migration and proliferation. The current review addresses the contribution of these proteinases in the positive and negative regulation of cancer progression as mainly mediated by the regulation of growth factor activities and integrin functions.
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Nowicki M, Zabirnyk O, Duerrschmidt N, Borlak J, Spanel-Borowski K. No upregulation of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in serum-deprived EA.hy926 endothelial cells under oxLDL exposure, but increase in autophagy. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:605-16. [PMID: 17643551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-dependent activation of the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) triggers apoptosis in vascular cells and appears to be involved in atherosclerosis. Autophagy might be an alternate to apoptosis in endothelial cells. The EA.hy926 endothelial cell line has been reported to undergo necrosis under oxLDL stimulation. For this reason, we studied the expression of LOX-1 and its oxLDL-dependent function in EA.hy926 cells under serum starvation. Untreated and oxLDL-treated cells expressed the LOX-1 protein at similar levels 6h after starvation. After 24h without oxLDL and with native LDL (nLDL), statistically significant higher levels were found in LOX-1 than in the oxLDL-treated probes. The oxLDL cultures with low LOX-1 expression displayed stronger features of autophagy than those with nLDL as there were remodelling of actin filaments, disrupture of adherens junctions (immunofluorescence staining), and autophagosomes with the characteristic double membrane at the ultrastructural level. For the advanced oxLDL exposure times (18 and 24 h), autophagic vacuoles/autophagolysosomes were morphologically identified accompanied by a decrease in lysosomes. The autophagosome marker protein MAP LC3-II (Western blotting) was significantly augmented 6 and 18 h after oxLDL treatment compared with cultures treated with nLDL and medium alone. Signs of apoptosis were undetectable in cultures under oxLDL exposure, yet present under staurosporin (apoptosis inducer), i.e. presence of apoptotic bodies and cleaved caspase 3. We conclude that serum starvation upregulates LOX-1 in EA.hy926 cells, whereas the additional oxLDL treatment downregulates the receptor and intensifies autophagy probably by increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nowicki
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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