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PGC1 alpha coactivates ERG fusion to drive antioxidant target genes under metabolic stress. Commun Biol 2022; 5:416. [PMID: 35508713 PMCID: PMC9068611 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of ERG gene fusion; from developing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions to hormone resistant high grade prostate cancer (PCa) dictates disease progression, altered androgen metabolism, proliferation and metastasis1–3. ERG driven transcriptional landscape may provide pro-tumorigenic cues in overcoming various strains like hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, insights on the androgen independent regulation and function of ERG during stress are limited. Here, we identify PGC1α as a coactivator of ERG fusion under various metabolic stress. Deacetylase SIRT1 is necessary for PGC1α-ERG interaction and function. We reveal that ERG drives the expression of antioxidant genes; SOD1 and TXN, benefitting PCa growth. We observe increased expression of these antioxidant genes in patients with high ERG expression correlates with poor survival. Inhibition of PGC1α-ERG axis driven transcriptional program results in apoptosis and reduction in PCa xenografts. Here we report a function of ERG under metabolic stress which warrants further studies as a therapeutic target for ERG fusion positive PCa. PGC1α acts as a co-activator of the ERG transcription factor during metabolic stress resulting in antioxidant functionsand inhibition of the PGC1α-ERG driven transcriptional program reduces prostate cancer growth by inducing ROS mediated apoptosis.
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O'Reilly D, Buchanan PJ. Hypoxic Signaling Is Modulated by Calcium Channel, CaV1.3, in Androgen-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Bioelectricity 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie O'Reilly
- DCU Cancer Research Group, National Institute Cellular Biotechnology, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Buchanan
- DCU Cancer Research Group, National Institute Cellular Biotechnology, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland
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Hwang SJ, Jung Y, Song Y, Park S, Park Y, Lee H. Enhanced anti-angiogenic activity of novel melatonin-like agents. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12739. [PMID: 33955074 PMCID: PMC8365647 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an important role in cellular responses to hypoxia, including the transcriptional activation of several genes involved in tumor angiogenesis. Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methopxytryptamine, is produced naturally by the pineal gland and has anti-angiogenic effects in cancer through its ability to modulate HIF-1α activity. However, the use of melatonin as a therapeutic is limited by its low oral bioavailability and short half-life. Here, we synthesized melatonin-like molecules with enhanced HIF-1α targeting activity and less toxicity and investigated their effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Among melatonin derivatives, N-butyryl-5-methoxytryptamine (NB-5-MT) showed the most potent HIF-1α targeting activity. This molecule was able to (a) reduce the expression of HIF-1α at the protein level, (b) reduce the transcription of HIF-1α target genes, (c) reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, (d) decrease angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and (e) suppress tumor size and metastasis. In addition, NB-5-MT showed improved anti-angiogenic activity compared with melatonin due to its enhanced cellular uptake. NB-5-MT is thus a promising lead for the future development of anticancer compounds with HIF-1α targeting activity. Given that HIF-1α is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers, the melatonin derivative NB-5-MT could represent a novel potent therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hwang
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Yeonghun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ResearchInje UniversityGimhaeGyungnamKorea
| | - Ye‐Seul Song
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Suryeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ResearchInje UniversityGimhaeGyungnamKorea
| | - Yohan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ResearchInje UniversityGimhaeGyungnamKorea
| | - Hyo‐Jong Lee
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐doKorea
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Scalia P, Giordano A, Martini C, Williams SJ. Isoform- and Paralog-Switching in IR-Signaling: When Diabetes Opens the Gates to Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121617. [PMID: 33266015 PMCID: PMC7761347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) and IR-related signaling defects have been shown to trigger insulin-resistance in insulin-dependent cells and ultimately to give rise to type 2 diabetes in mammalian organisms. IR expression is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues, and its over-expression is also a common finding in cancerous cells. This latter finding has been shown to associate with both a relative and absolute increase in IR isoform-A (IR-A) expression, missing 12 aa in its EC subunit corresponding to exon 11. Since IR-A is a high-affinity transducer of Insulin-like Growth Factor-II (IGF-II) signals, a growth factor is often secreted by cancer cells; such event offers a direct molecular link between IR-A/IR-B increased ratio in insulin resistance states (obesity and type 2 diabetes) and the malignant advantage provided by IGF-II to solid tumors. Nonetheless, recent findings on the biological role of isoforms for cellular signaling components suggest that the preferential expression of IR isoform-A may be part of a wider contextual isoform-expression switch in downstream regulatory factors, potentially enhancing IR-dependent oncogenic effects. The present review focuses on the role of isoform- and paralog-dependent variability in the IR and downstream cellular components playing a potential role in the modulation of the IR-A signaling related to the changes induced by insulin-resistance-linked conditions as well as to their relationship with the benign versus malignant transition in underlying solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Network, Functional Research Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 52100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caroline Martini
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Stephen J. Williams
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Network, Functional Research Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
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Xia L, Sun J, Xie S, Chi C, Zhu Y, Pan J, Dong B, Huang Y, Xia W, Sha J, Xue W. PRKAR2B-HIF-1α loop promotes aerobic glycolysis and tumour growth in prostate cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12918. [PMID: 33025691 PMCID: PMC7653268 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is profoundly implicated in tumorigenesis and can be exploited to cancer treatment. Cancer cells are known for their propensity to use glucose-dependent glycolytic pathway instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for energy generation even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as Warburg effect. The type II beta regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA), PRKAR2B, is highly expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and contributes to tumour growth and metastasis. However, whether PRKAR2B regulates glucose metabolism in prostate cancer remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies were used to investigate the regulatory role of PRKAR2B in aerobic glycolysis. Real-time qPCR, Western blotting, luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were employed to determine the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS PRKAR2B was sufficient to enhance the Warburg effect as demonstrated by glucose consumption, lactate production and extracellular acidification rate. Mechanistically, loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that PRKAR2B was critically involved in the tumour growth of prostate cancer. PRKAR2B was able to increase the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is a key mediator of the Warburg effect. Moreover, we uncovered that HIF-1α is a key transcription factor responsible for inducing PRKAR2B expression in prostate cancer. Importantly, inhibition of glycolysis by the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) or replacement of glucose in the culture medium with galactose (which has a much lower rate than glucose entry into glycolysis) largely compromised PRKAR2B-mediated tumour-promoting effect. Similar phenomenon was noticed by genetic silencing of HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified that PRKAR2B-HIF-1α loop enhances the Warburg effect to enable growth advantage in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of UltrasoundRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenfei Chi
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yinjie Zhu
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiliang Xia
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianjun Sha
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Ferroquine, the next generation antimalarial drug, has antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15896. [PMID: 29162859 PMCID: PMC5698296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in medicine, cancer remains one of the most serious global health problems awaiting new effective therapies. Here we present ferroquine (FQ), the next generation antimalarial drug, as a promising candidate for repositioning as cancer therapeutics. We report that FQ potently inhibits autophagy, perturbs lysosomal function and impairs prostate tumor growth in vivo. We demonstrate that FQ negatively regulates Akt kinase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and is particularly effective in starved and hypoxic conditions frequently observed in advanced solid cancers. FQ enhances the anticancer activity of several chemotherapeutics suggesting its potential application as an adjuvant to existing anticancer therapy. Alike its parent compound chloroquine (CQ), FQ accumulates within and deacidifies lysosomes. Further, FQ induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-independent cancer cell death. Overall, our work identifies ferroquine as a promising new drug with a potent anticancer activity.
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Pérez-Rambla C, Puchades-Carrasco L, García-Flores M, Rubio-Briones J, López-Guerrero JA, Pineda-Lucena A. Non-invasive urinary metabolomic profiling discriminates prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Metabolomics 2017; 13:52. [PMID: 28804274 PMCID: PMC5533870 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level has been extensively used as a biomarker to detect PCa. However, PSA is not cancer-specific and various non-malignant conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can cause a rise in PSA blood levels, thus leading to many false positive results. OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the potential of urinary metabolomic profiling for discriminating PCa from BPH. METHODS Urine samples from 64 PCa patients and 51 individuals diagnosed with BPH were analysed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Comparative analysis of urinary metabolomic profiles was carried out using multivariate and univariate statistical approaches. RESULTS The urine metabolomic profile of PCa patients is characterised by increased concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glutamate and pseudouridine, and decreased concentrations of glycine, dimethylglycine, fumarate and 4-imidazole-acetate compared with individuals diagnosed with BPH. CONCLUSION PCa patients have a specific urinary metabolomic profile. The results of our study underscore the clinical potential of metabolomic profiling to uncover metabolic changes that could be useful to discriminate PCa from BPH in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pérez-Rambla
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonor Puchades-Carrasco
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - María García-Flores
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Rubio-Briones
- Department of Urology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Wu J, Ke X, Fu W, Gao X, Zhang H, Wang W, Ma N, Zhao M, Hao X, Zhang Z. Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Retinal Angiogenesis by Specnuezhenide, an Effective Constituent of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., through Suppression of the HIF-1α/VEGF Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121756. [PMID: 28009852 PMCID: PMC6272965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Specnuezhenide (SPN), one of the main ingredients of Chinese medicine “Nü-zhen-zi”, has anti-angiogenic and vision improvement effects. However, studies of its effect on retinal neovascularization are limited so far. In the present study, we established a vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion model of human acute retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells by exposure of 150 μM CoCl2 to the cells and determined the VEGFA concentrations, the mRNA expressions of VEGFA, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) & prolyl hydroxylases 2 (PHD-2), and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and PHD-2 after treatment of 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1, 1.0 μg/mL) or SPN (0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 μg/mL). Furthermore, rat pups with retinopathy were treated with SPN (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) in an 80% oxygen atmosphere and the retinal avascular areas were assessed through visualization using infusion of ADPase and H&E stains. The results showed that SPN inhibited VEGFA secretion by ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia condition, down-regulated the mRNA expressions of VEGFA and PHD-2 slightly, and the protein expressions of VEGFA, HIF-1α and PHD-2 significantly in vitro. SPN also prevented hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy in vivo. These results indicate that SPN ameliorates retinal neovascularization through inhibition of HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Therefore, SPN has the potential to be developed as an agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
- Post-Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiao Ke
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Na Ma
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Manxi Zhao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Hao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610036, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Post-Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Wu J, Ke X, Wang W, Zhang H, Ma N, Fu W, Zhao M, Gao X, Hao X, Zhang Z. Aloe-emodin suppresses hypoxia-induced retinal angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1363-1371. [PMID: 27877088 PMCID: PMC5118782 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aloe-emodin (AE) has been reported to possess the antiangiogenic effect on laser induced choroidal neovascularization. AE inhibits the vessel formation in the zebrafish embryos. However, it is still unclear whether AE can alleviate neovascularization. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of AE on the hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization and the possible mechanisms. Methods: We established a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion model under chemical induced hypoxia by exposure of 150 µM CoCl2 to the ARPE-19 cells, then treated the cells with different concentrations of AE (0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 µg/mL) or a special hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole, YC-1, 1.0 µg/mL]. The cellular supernatants were collected 48 h later to measure the VEGFA concentrations by human VEGFA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, the mRNA expressions of VEGFA, HIF-1α and prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and PHD-2 by Western blots. For in vivo study, the rat pups with oxygen-induced retinopathy were treated with Conbercept ophthalmic injection (1.0 mg/kg) or AE (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) for five days, then the retinal avascular areas were assessed via visualization of the retinal vasculature with ADPase and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stains. Results: AE inhibits the VEGFA secretion of ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia condition, decreases the mRNA expressions of VEGFA and PHD-2 and the protein expressions of VEGFA, HIF-1α and PHD-2 in vitro and prevents hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization in vivo.Conclusions: AE ameliorates retinal neovascularization throuth inhibition of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. AE may be developed as a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China;; Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China;; Post-Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Na Ma
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Manxi Zhao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, KangHong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Post-Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Wu J, Ke X, Ma N, Wang W, Fu W, Zhang H, Zhao M, Gao X, Hao X, Zhang Z. Formononetin, an active compound of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge, inhibits hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization via the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3071-3081. [PMID: 27729769 PMCID: PMC5042190 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that formononetin (FMN), one of the main ingredients from famous traditional Chinese medicine "Huang-qi" (Astragalus membranaceus [Fisch] Bunge) for Qi-tonifying, exhibits the effects of immunomodulation and tumor growth inhibition via antiangiogenesis. Furthermore, A. membranaceus may alleviate the retinal neovascularization (NV) of diabetic retinopathy. However, the information of FMN on retinal NV is limited so far. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FMN on the hypoxia-induced retinal NV and the possible related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The VEGF secretion model of acute retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells under chemical hypoxia was established by the exposure of cells to 150 μM CoCl2 and then cells were treated with 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1, a potent HIF-1α inhibitor, 1.0 μg/mL) or different concentrations of FMN (0.2 μg/mL, 1.0 μg/mL, and 5.0 μg/mL). The supernatants of cells were collected 48 hours later to measure the VEGF concentrations, following the manufacturer's instruction. The mRNA expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α, PHD-2, and β-actin were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and PHD-2 were determined by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the rats with retinopathy were treated by intraperitoneal administration of conbercept injection (1.0 mg/kg) or FMN (5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg) in an 80% oxygen atmosphere. The retinal avascular areas were assessed through visualization of the retinal vasculature by adenosine diphosphatase staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS FMN can indeed inhibit the VEGF secretion of ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia, downregulate the mRNA expression of VEGFA and PHD-2, and decrease the protein expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, and PHD-2 in vitro. Furthermore, FMN can prevent hypoxia-induced retinal NV in vivo. CONCLUSION FMN can ameliorate retinal NV via the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, and it may become a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou; Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group; Post-Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Na Ma
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Wei Wang
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Wei Fu
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Manxi Zhao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Xiaofeng Hao
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Post-Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Wang WJ, Sui H, Qi C, Li Q, Zhang J, Wu SF, Mei MZ, Lu YY, Wan YT, Chang H, Guo PT. Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and reverses drug resistance of ovarian cancer stem cells by downregulating ABCG2 through suppressing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in vitro. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:428-40. [PMID: 27221674 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in tumors is closely related to drug resistance. It has not been verified whether hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or ABCG2 is related to hypoxia-induced resistance. Ursolic acid (UA), when used in combination with cisplatin can significantly increase the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) to cisplatin, but the exact mechanism is unknown. The cell growth inhibitory rate of cisplatin under different conditions was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) in adherence and sphere cells (SKOV3, A2780, and HEY). The expression of HIF-1α and ABCG2 was tested using quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immuno-fluorescence under different culture conditions and treated with UA. Knockdown of HIF-1α by shRNA and LY294002 was used to inhibit the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Ovarian CSCs express stemness-related genes and drug resistance significantly higher than normal adherent cells. Under hypoxic conditions, the ovarian CSCs grew faster and were more drug resistant than under normoxia. UA could inhibit proliferation and reverse the drug resistance of ovarian CSC by suppressing ABCG2 and HIF-1α under different culture conditions. HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 combined with UA suppressed the stemness genes and ABCG2 under hypoxic condition. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation plays an important functional role in UA-induced downregulation of HIF-1α and reduction of ABCG2. UA inhibits the proliferation and reversal of drug resistance in ovarian CSCs by suppressing the expression of downregulation of HIF-1α and ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Cong Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Wu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Mei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hannah Chang
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Piao-Ting Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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12
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Mizutani N, Omori Y, Tanaka K, Ito H, Takagi A, Kojima T, Nakatochi M, Ogiso H, Kawamoto Y, Nakamura M, Suzuki M, Kyogashima M, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Nozawa Y, Murate T. Increased SPHK2 Transcription of Human Colon Cancer Cells in Serum-Depleted Culture: The Involvement of CREB Transcription Factor. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2227-38. [PMID: 25808826 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SPHK) are important to determine cells' fate by producing sphingosine 1-phosphate. Reportedly, exogenous SPHK2 overexpression induces cell cycle arrest or cell death. However, the regulatory mechanism of SPHK2 expression has not been fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed this issue using human colon cancer cell lines under various stress conditions. Serum depletion (FCS(-)) but not hypoxia and glucose depletion increased mRNA, protein and enzyme activity of SPHK2 but not SPHK1. In HCT116 cells mostly used, SPHK2 activity was predominant over SPHK1, and serum depletion increased both nuclear and cytoplasmic SPHK2 activity. Based on previous reports analyzing cellular response after serum depletion, the temporal changes of intracellular signaling molecules and candidate transcription factors for SPHK2 were examined using serum-depleted HCT116 cells, and performed transfection experiments with siRNA or cDNA of candidate transcription factors. Results showed that the rapid and transient JNK activation followed by CREB activation was the major regulator of increased SPHK2 transcription in FCS(-) culture. EMSA and ChIP assay confirmed the direct binding of activated CREB to the CREB binding site of 5' SPHK2 promoter region. Colon cancer cells examined continued to grow in FCS(-) culture, although mildly, while hypoxia and glucose depletion suppressed cell proliferation or induced cell death, suggesting the different role of SPHK2 in different stress conditions. Because of the unique relationship observed after serum depletion, we examined effects of siRNA for SPHK2, and found the role of SPHK2 as a growth or survival factor but not a cell proliferation inhibitor in FCS(-) culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mizutani
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Omori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Bioinformatics Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideo Ogiso
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Drug Information, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kyogashima
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiko Tamiya-Koizumi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Murate
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Li M, Wang YX, Luo Y, Zhao J, Li Q, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α-dependent epithelial to mesenchymal transition under hypoxic conditions in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:521-7. [PMID: 27108616 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death. Hypoxia is an environmental stimulus that plays an important role in the development and cancer progression especially for solid tumors. The key regulator under hypoxic conditions is stabilized hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. In the present study, immune-fluorescent staining, siRNAs, qRT-PC, immunoblotting, cell migration and invasion assays were carried out to test typical epithelial to mesenchymal transition under hypoxia and the key regulators of this process in PC3, a human prostate cancer cell line. Our data demonstrated that hypoxia induces diverse molecular, phenotypic and functional changes in prostate cancer cells that are consistent with EMT. We also showed that a cell signal factor such as HIF-1α, which might be stabilized under hypoxic environment, is involved in EMT and cancer cell invasive potency. The induced hypoxia could be blocked by HIF-1α gene silencing and reoxygenation of EMT in prostate cancer cells, hypoxia partially reversed accompanied by a process of mesenchymal-epithelial reverting transition (MErT). EMT might be induced by activation of HIF-1α-dependent cell signaling in hypoxic prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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14
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Jain S, Suklabaidya S, Das B, Raghav SK, Batra SK, Senapati S. TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide confers survival advantage to growth factor deprived prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2015; 75:1020-33. [PMID: 25833062 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) cells express Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), a known pro-tumorigenic molecule for different cancer cells. The cancer cells residing in the avascular region of the tumor confront various metabolic stresses and continuously adapt mechanisms to overcome them. We hypothesized that TLR4 activation might provide direct survival advantage to metabolically stressed PCa cells. METHODS We first investigated the effect of LPS on survival of serum deprived PCa cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TLR4 mediated PCa survival, we next investigated change in expression of markers for apoptosis, senescence and autophagy. Ultimately, the effect of LPS on established prostate tumors was confirmed in vivo using a syngeneic rat model for PCa. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated TLR4 activation significantly enhanced survival of serum deprived (SD) PC3, DU145 and MAT-LyLu PCa cells. TLR4 inhibition by a specific inhibitor resulted in rapid death of SD-PC3 cells, which was significantly suppressed by LPS. Interestingly, LPS treatment suppressed macroautophagy in SD-PC3 cells and increased expression of CCL2 (C-C motif ligand-2), a known autophagy inhibitor and pro-survival factor. Intra-tumor LPS injection resulted in increased tumor mass, induced TLR4 activation, suppressed autophagy, and increased the macrophage population in MAT-LyLu-tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that bacterial LPS enhance survival of PCa cells under conditions of nutrient stress through TLR4 activation. Moreover, LPS induces overexpression of CCL2 involved in the suppression of starvation-induced macroautophagy in PCa cells, and enhanced macrophage population in prostate tumors in vivo. Taken together, the current study suggests the importance of bacterial infection or TLR4-activation in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Jain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Fan L, Li J, Yu Z, Dang X, Wang K. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor prevents steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107774. [PMID: 25244080 PMCID: PMC4171501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(EDHB) on steroid-associated femoral head osteonecrosis(ONFH) in a rabbit model. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (prevention group and model group), each containing 24 rabbits. Osteonecrosis was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) combined with methylprednisolone(MPS). The prevention group received an intraperitoneal injection of EDHB at 50 mg/kg body weight every other day starting three days before establishing rabbit models of osteonecrosis, for a total of nine doses. Osteonecrosis was verified by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Angiogenesis, apoptosis and microstructural parameters were also analyzed. The rabbit models of osteonecrosis were successfully established and observed by HE staining. Histopathological observations indicated that EDHB reduced the rate of empty lacunae and the incidence of osteonecrosis. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF-1α and VEGF suggested that EDHB therapy inhibited degradation of HIF-1α and promoted expression of VEGF. Ink artery infusion angiography and microvessel density analysis revealed that there were more microvessels in the prevention group than in the model group. The TUNEL apoptosis assay suggested that EDHB intervention could reduce the number of apoptotic cells in avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Micro-CT scanning indicated that the treatment group had better microstructural parameters than the model group. EDHB prevents steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis of bone cells and hematopoietic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zefeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Jiang X, Li X, Wang Y, Ma J, Jiang H. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor: a hepatic stellate cell proliferation inducer via ErbB receptors. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:623-32. [PMID: 24303948 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has a proliferative effect on several types of cells. However, the role of HB-EGF on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is not clear. The present study is to investigate the regulatory effects of HB-EGF on HSC proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS Activated primary rat HSCs and two HSC cell lines (human LX2 and rat T6) were used in this study. Four inhibitors (CRM197 to HB-EGF, AG1478 to epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], PD98059 to mitogen-activated kinase, and LY294002 to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) were employed to verify the pathway of HB-EGF on cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS HB-EGF expression was significantly increased in activated HSCs. HB-EGF increased the expressions of phospho-EGFR and ErbB4 receptors, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt. Consequently, HB-EGF stimulated HSC proliferation and suppressed HSC apoptosis. Each individual inhibitor specifically inhibited the correlated receptor or enzyme and inhibited HSC proliferation and induced its apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS HB-EGF promotes HSC proliferation via activation of the EGFR and ErbB4 receptors and, subsequently, via activation of ERK and Akt. Any blockage in the chain obstructs the flow from HB-EGF to HSC proliferation. Therefore, HB-EGF is a potential therapeutic target in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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17
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Yuan X, He J, Sun F, Gu J. Effects and interactions of MiR-577 and TSGA10 in regulating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2651-2667. [PMID: 24294352 PMCID: PMC3843246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Testis specific 10 (TSGA10) was originally identified as a testis-specific protein and tumor-associated antigen in a number of cancer types. In this study, we found that down-regulation of TSGA10 was associated with increased malignancy and clinical features of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). Moreover, increased expression of TSGA10 inhibited, while its knockdown promoted, tumor formation in vivo in nude mice. At the 3'UTR of the TSGA10 gene we identified two binding sites for microRNA-577 (miR-577). Further investigation demonstrated that expression levels of miR-577 and TSGA10 were negatively correlated to each other in ESCC cell lines and tumor samples. Moreover, manipulation of miR-577 and TSGA10 expression confirmed that miR-577 can regulate TSGA10 and in turn affect cell proliferation in vitro. Additionally, with flow cytometry and manipulation of the mir-577/TSGA10 axis, it was found that mir-577/TSGA10 axis influenced the growth of ESCC through regulating the G1-S phase transition. We also obtained evidence to establish that mir-577/TSGA10 axis activation was always accompanied by inactivation of the p53 pathway or the Rb pathway or both, thus, the latter two pathways are obligatory for progression of ESCCs with mir-577/TSGA10 axis activation. In addition, we found that such an interactive pathway in regulating cancer cell proliferation was restricted to a few cancer types including ESCC, but not uniformly applicable to other cancer types. This newly discovered regulatory mechanism provides a new dimension for ESCC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking UniversityBeijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangtu He
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking UniversityBeijing 100083, China
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
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18
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Yu G, Jiang L, Xu Y, Guo H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yang H, Yuan C, Ma J. Silencing prion protein in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells leads to pleiotropic cellular responses to cytotoxic stimuli. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48146. [PMID: 23133614 PMCID: PMC3487893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) is well studied for its pathogenic role in prion disease, but its potential contribution to other pathological processes is less understood. PrP is expressed in a variety of cancers and at least in pancreatic and breast cancers, its expression appears to be associated with poor prognosis. To understand the role of PrP in breast cancer cells, we knocked down PrP expression in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells with small interfering RNA and subjected these cells to a series of analyses. We found that PrP knockdown in these cells does not affect cell proliferation or colony formation, but significantly influences the cellular response to cytotoxic stimuli. Compared to control cells, PrP knockdown cells exhibited an increased susceptibility to serum deprivation induced apoptosis, no change to staurosporine- or paclitaxel-induced cell deaths, and a reduced susceptibility to chemotherapy drug doxorubicin-induced cell death. To understand the mechanism of unexpected role of PrP in exacerbating doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity, we analyzed cell death related Bcl-2 family proteins. We found that PrP knockdown alters the expression of several Bcl-2 family proteins, correlating with increased resistance to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, the enhanced doxorubicin resistance is independent of DNA damage related p53 pathway, but at least partially through the ERK1/2 pathway. Together, our study revealed that silencing PrP in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells results in very different responses to various cytotoxic stimuli and ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved in PrP silencing caused resistance to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GY); (LJ); (JM)
| | - Liming Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GY); (LJ); (JM)
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Huaiyi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonggang Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GY); (LJ); (JM)
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Effect of the somatostatin analog octreotide acetate on circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and related peptides in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results of a phase II study. Urol Oncol 2012; 30:408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim HS, Masko EM, Poulton SL, Kennedy KM, Pizzo SV, Dewhirst MW, Freedland SJ. Carbohydrate restriction and lactate transporter inhibition in a mouse xenograft model of human prostate cancer. BJU Int 2012; 110:1062-9. [PMID: 22394625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.10971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is known that both lactate inhibition and carbohydrate restriction inhibit tumour growth. What is unknown is whether the two work synergistically together. This study adds that though the combination of lactate inhibition and carbohydrate restriction did not synergistically slow tumour growth in our model, we confirmed that carbohydrate restriction started after tumour inoculation slowed tumour growth. Moreover, lactate inhibition resulted in changes in the tumour microenvironment that may have implications for future metabolic targeting of prostate cancer growth. OBJECTIVE To determine if a no-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD) and lactate transporter inhibition can exert a synergistic effect on delaying prostate tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model of human prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 nude athymic male mice (aged 6-8 weeks) were injected s.c. in the flank with 1.0 × 10(5) LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells. • Mice were randomized to one of four treatment groups: Western diet (WD, 35% fat, 16% protein, 49% carbohydrate) and vehicle (Veh) treatment; WD and mono-carboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) inhibition via α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) delivered through a mini osmotic pump; NCKD (84% fat, 16% protein, 0% carbohydrate) plus Veh; or NCKD and MCT1 inhibition. • Mice were fed and weighed three times per week and feed was adjusted to maintain similar body weights. • Tumour size was measured twice weekly and the combined effect of treatment was tested via Kruskal-Wallis analysis of all four groups. Independent effects of treatment (NCKD vs WD and CHC vs Veh) on tumour volume were tested using linear regression analysis. • All mice were killed on Day 53 (conclusion of pump ejection), and serum and tumour sections were analysed for various markers. Again, combined and independent effects of treatment were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences in tumour volumes among the four groups (P= 0.09). • When testing the independent effects of treatment, NCKD was significantly associated with lower tumour volumes at the end of the experiment (P= 0.026), while CHC administration was not (P= 0.981). However, CHC was associated with increased necrotic fraction (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Differences in tumour volumes were observed only in comparisons between mice fed a NCKD and mice fed a WD. • MCT1 inhibition did not have a significant effect on tumour volume, although it was associated with increased necrotic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard S Kim
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Duke Prostate Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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21
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Toll-like receptor 3 regulates angiogenesis and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. Neoplasia 2010; 12:539-49. [PMID: 20651983 DOI: 10.1593/neo.92106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial/viral-derived components that trigger innate immune response and conflicting data implicate TLR agonists in cancer, either as protumor or antitumor agents. We previously demonstrated that TLR3 activation mediated by its agonist poly(I:C) induces antitumor signaling, leading to apoptosis of prostate cancer cells LNCaP and PC3 with much more efficiency in the former than in the second more aggressive line. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) regulates several cellular processes, including apoptosis, in response to hypoxia and to other stimuli also in normoxic conditions. Here we describe a novel protumor machinery triggered by TLR3 activation in PC3 cells consisting of increased expression of the specific I.3 isoform of HIF-1 alpha and nuclear accumulation of HIF-1 complex in normoxia, resulting in reduced apoptosis and in secretion of functional vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, we report that, in the less aggressive LNCaP cells, TLR3 activation fails to induce nuclear accumulation of HIF-1 alpha. However, the transfection of I.3 isoform of hif-1 alpha in LNCaP cells allows poly(I:C)-induced HIF-1 activation, resulting in apoptosis protection and VEGF secretion. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that differences in the basal level of HIF-1 alpha expression in different prostate cancer cell lines underlie their differential response to TLR3 activation, suggesting a correlation between different stages of malignancy, hypoxic gene expression, and beneficial responsiveness to TLR agonists.
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Xu K, Ding Q, Fang Z, Zheng J, Gao P, Lu Y, Zhang Y. Silencing of HIF-1alpha suppresses tumorigenicity of renal cell carcinoma through induction of apoptosis. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 17:212-22. [PMID: 19816521 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a main responder to intracellular hypoxia and is overexpressed in many human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To better understanding of the role of HIF-1alpha in the tumorigenicity of RCC, we used short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference to inhibit HIF-1alpha expression in the human renal cancer cell line, Caki-1 and OS-RC-2. Silencing of HIF-1alpha significantly reduced the expression of HIF-1alpha in both of renal cancer cell lines. In vitro downregulation of HIF-1alpha inhibited Caki-1 and OS-RC-2 cell growth, migration and invasion. The results further showed that HIF-1alpha silencing resulted in caspase-dependent apoptosis of Caki-1 and OS-RC-2 through regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2-related proteins expression. In vivo animal studies showed that tumor growth was significantly inhibited in HIF-1alpha shRNA-transfected RCC. Intratumor gene therapy with polyethylenimine-loaded HIF-1alpha shRNA also resulted in tumor growth suppression. Thus, this study demonstrates that downregulation of HIF-1alpha could suppress tumorigenicity of RCC through induction of apoptosis, and HIF-1alpha shRNA may be a promising strategy for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Boskey AL. Signaling in response to hypoxia and normoxia in the intervertebral disc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3637-9. [PMID: 19035504 DOI: 10.1002/art.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Thomas R, Kim MH. A HIF-1alpha-dependent autocrine feedback loop promotes survival of serum-deprived prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2009; 69:263-75. [PMID: 19016246 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that normoxic, serum-deprived prostate cancer (PCa) cells upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) protein, which promotes survival during serum deprivation via insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) upregulation. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of autocrine regulation of HIF-1alpha, IGF-2 and cell survival in serum-deprived PC-3 and LNCaP PCa cells. METHODS Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue assay. PI3K activity was inhibited with LY294002, and PTEN overexpression. mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR, and IGF-2 protein by ELISA. Activated insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) was detected by probing immunoprecipitated IGF-IR for phospho-tyrosine. IGF-IR activity was inhibited with IGF-2 neutralizing antibody and IGF-IR-specific siRNA. HIF-1alpha, phospho-Akt, total-Akt and IGF-IR protein was assessed by immunoblots. HIF-1alpha was suppressed with siRNA. RESULTS We detected a time-dependent increase in Akt activation during serum deprivation, and inhibition of Akt activation attenuated the serum deprivation-mediated increase in HIF-1alpha and cell survival. Importantly, IGF-2 secretion significantly increased during serum deprivation, and was accompanied by increased activation of its receptor, IGF-IR. Additionally, inhibition of IGF-2 activity markedly attenuated the serum deprivation-mediated increase in IGF-IR and Akt activation, HIF-1alpha expression, and also its own transcription, suggesting autocrine regulation of HIF-1alpha expression via IGF-2. Cross-talk between IGF-2/ IGF-IR system and PI3K-Akt pathway was further demonstrated by findings wherein IGF-IR suppression inhibited Akt activation, and IGF-IR activation was inhibited following PI3K inhibition. Furthermore, HIF-1alpha suppression attenuated the serum deprivation-mediated increase in Akt and IGF-IR activation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study demonstrates existence of a pro-survival HIF-1alpha-dependent autocrine feedback loop in normoxic, serum-deprived PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusha Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
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