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Liu ZG, Su J, Liu H, Yang XJ, Yang X, Wei Y, Zhu XY, Song Y, Zhao XC, Guo HL. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the E2F family in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:351. [PMID: 36168311 PMCID: PMC9478613 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) originates from renal tubular epithelial cells and is the most common pathological renal cell carcinoma type with the worst prognosis. The relationship between the expression, prognosis and mechanism of ccRCC and the E2F family remains challenging. In the present study, RNA sequencing and clinical data of ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and two datasets, GSE36895 and GSE53757, from the Gene Expression Omnibus were used to identify the role of the E2F family in ccRCC. A total of 10 groups of tumor tissues and paired-normal tissues from patients with ccRCC were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. the expression, tumor grade and stage, prognosis and regulatory mechanism of the E2F family in ccRCC were analyzed. It was found that the expression levels of E2F1 to 4 and 6 to 8 were higher in ccRCC tissues than in normal tissues, whereas the expression level of E2F5 was lower in the former than in the latter. The expression levels of E2F1 to 8 were correlated with tumor stage and grade. Low expression of E2F1 to 5 and 7 to 8 was significantly associated with longer overall survival, disease-specific survival and progression-free survival times. The data revealed that the E2F family rarely has genetic mutations. The expression of E2F1, E2F2, E2F5, E2F7 and E2F8 was significantly correlated with DNA methylation, and E2F1 to E2F7 were significantly correlated with copy number and the data showed that the expression of E2Fs was significantly correlated with the cell cycle. The results of the present study suggested that E2F family genes may be potential targets for ccRCC molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Liu
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jian Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wei
- First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yao Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Song
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Information, Inspection and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Guo
- School of Public Administration, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
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Loss of YB-1 alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatic progenitor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li Y, Bian W, Jiang Y, Liu D, Shen L. hMSCs Migrate under the Chemotaxis of CXCL-13 and Enhance Islet B Cell Activity through p-AKT Signaling Pathway in High-Glucose Environment. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5430175. [PMID: 35035844 PMCID: PMC8759880 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5430175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a common clinical chronic disease, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year. According to the latest statistics from the International Diabetes Federation, as of 2019, the global prevalence of diabetes has reached 8.3%. This study aims to investigate the effect of CXCL-13 on the migration ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to clarify the specific molecular mechanism of the protective effect of hMSCs on islet B cells. The hMSCs were cultured in high-glucose environment, and the effect of CXCL-13 on the migration ability of hMSCs was determined by Transwell experiment. After coculture of hMSCs and islet B cells, the activity of cells was detected by CCK8 assay, the expression of Ki-67 in cells was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of P53 was detected by Western blot to investigate the effect of hMSCs on the proliferation and apoptosis of islet B cells. The effect of hMSCs on the function of islet B cells was determined by glucose stimulated insulin secretion experiment. Transwell experiment results showed that CXCL-13 could promote the migration of hMSCs to islet B cells in high-glucose environment. The results of CCK-8 showed that the cell activity in the coculture group was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and RT-PCR showed that the expression of Ki-67 was significantly increased in the coculture group of hMSCs and islet B cells. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of P53 was significantly decreased in the coculture group, and the glucose stimulated insulin secretion test showed that insulin secretion was significantly increased. It was found that after the inhibition of ATK, cell activity was significantly reduced, and apoptosis was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the expression of Ki-67 was inhibited, the expression of P-53 was significantly increased, and insulin secretion was significantly reduced. To sum up, in a high-glucose environment, CXCL-13 effectively promoted the migration of hMSCs, and hMSCs protected the activity and function of islet B cells through Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenshan Bian
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, Basic Medical College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
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Alshamrani AA. Roles of microRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Tumorigenesis: Two Decades Later, What Have We Learned? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1084. [PMID: 32850313 PMCID: PMC7396563 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the top gynecological malignancies that cause deaths among females in the United States. At the molecular level, significant progress has been made in our understanding of ovarian cancer development and progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules (19–25 nucleotides) that negatively regulate target genes post-transcriptionally. Over the last two decades, mounting evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of miRNAs in different human malignancies, including ovarian carcinomas. Deregulated miRNAs can have profound impacts on various cancer hallmarks by repressing tumor suppressor genes. This review will discuss up-to-date knowledge of how the aberrant expression of miRNAs and their targeted genes drives ovarian cancer initiation, proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapies. Understanding the mechanisms by which these miRNAs affect these hallmarks should allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat these lethal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Hu XX, Feng J, Huang XW, Lu PZ, Wang ZX, Dai HQ, Deng JH, Ye XP, Peng T, Hooi SC, Zhou J, Lu GD. Histone deacetylases up-regulate C/EBPα expression through reduction of miR-124-3p and miR-25 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1009-1016. [PMID: 31092334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), as an important transcription factor involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism, was up-regulated in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and predicted poorer prognosis. In this study, we explored how histone deacetylases (HDACs) up-regulated C/EBPα in HCC. METHODS The protein expressions of HDAC1, HDAC2 were associated with C/EBPα by immunohistochemistry staining in a HCC tissue microarray. HCC cells were then treated with HDAC inhibitors or siRNAs to determine the roles of miR-124-3p and miR-25 in the regulation of C/EBPα mRNA expression. RESULTS Both HDAC1 and HDAC2 proteins were significantly associated with C/EBPα. Inhibition of HDAC by either pharmacological inhibitors or siRNAs decreased C/EBPα mRNA expression in dose-dependent manners in HCC cells. HDAC inhibitors reduced C/EBPα mRNA stability as shown by pmiRGLO luciferase reporter assays. HDAC inhibition consistently induced miR-124-3p and miR-25 expression. Conversely, blockage of miR-124-3p and/or miR-25 by treatment with specific synthetic inhibitors abolished C/EBPα reduction. More importantly, C/EBPα mRNA stability could be rescued by site-directed mutations of miR-124-3p or miR-25 recognition sites in the C/EBPα 3'UTR sequence. In summary, HDAC may up-regulate C/EBPα expression through miR-124-3p and miR-25 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Ji Feng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Hui-Qi Dai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Jing-Huan Deng
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Xin-Pin Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, China.
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Zhou J, Li H, Xia X, Herrera A, Pollock N, Reebye V, Sodergren MH, Dorman S, Littman BH, Doogan D, Huang KW, Habib R, Blakey D, Habib NA, Rossi JJ. Anti-inflammatory Activity of MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Drug, in LPS-Stimulated Monocytes and Humanized Mice. Mol Ther 2019; 27:999-1016. [PMID: 30852139 PMCID: PMC6520465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive or inappropriate inflammatory responses can cause serious and even fatal diseases. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) gene encodes C/EBPα, a transcription factor that plays a fundamental role in controlling maturation of the myeloid lineage and is also expressed during the late phase of inflammatory responses when signs of inflammation are decreasing. MTL-CEBPA, a small activating RNA targeting for upregulation of C/EBPα, is currently being evaluated in a phase 1b trial for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. After dosing, subjects had reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and we therefore hypothesized that MTL-CEBPA has anti-inflammatory potential. The current study was conducted to determine the effects of C/EBPα saRNA - CEBPA-51 - on inflammation in vitro and in vivo after endotoxin challenge. CEBPA-51 led to increased expression of the C/EBPα gene and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 monocytes previously stimulated by E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment with MTL-CEBPA in an LPS-challenged humanized mouse model upregulated C/EBPα mRNA, increased neutrophils, and attenuated production of several key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. In addition, a Luminex analysis of mouse serum revealed that MTL-CEBPA reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Collectively, the data support further investigation of MTL-CEBPA in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases where this mechanism has pathogenic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Haitang Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nicolette Pollock
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Vikash Reebye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 5NH, UK
| | - Mikael H Sodergren
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 5NH, UK
| | - Stephanie Dorman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 5NH, UK
| | - Bruce H Littman
- Translational Medicine Associates, LLC, Savannah, GA 31302, USA
| | | | - Kai-Wen Huang
- Department of Surgery and Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Nagy A Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 5NH, UK; MiNA Therapeutics, Ltd., London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - John J Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Minner S, Lutz J, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Simon R, Höflmayer D, Burandt E, Tsourlakis MC, Sauter G, Büscheck F, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Huland H, Graefen M, Haese A, Heinzer H, Jacobsen F, Hinsch A, Poos A, Oswald M, Rippe K, König R, Schroeder C. Loss of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) is linked to poor prognosis in PTEN deleted and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion type prostate cancers. Prostate 2019; 79:302-311. [PMID: 30430607 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) is a crucial regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. Expression levels of CEBPA have been suggested to be prognostic in various tumor types. METHODS Here, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of CEBPA in a tissue microarray containing more than 17 000 prostate cancer specimens with annotated clinical and molecular data including for example TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PTEN deletion status. RESULTS Normal prostate glands showed moderate to strong CEBPA staining, while CEBPA expression was frequently reduced (40%) or lost (30%) in prostate cancers. Absence of detectable CEBPA expression was markedly more frequent in ERG negative (45%) as compared to ERG positive cancers (20%, P < 0.0001). Reduced CEBPA expression was linked to unfavorable phenotype (P < 0.0001) and poor prognosis (P = 0.0008). Subgroup analyses revealed, that the prognostic value of CEBPA loss was entirely driven by tumors carrying both TMPRSS2:ERG fusions and PTEN deletions. In this subgroup, CEBPA loss was tightly linked to advanced tumor stage (P < 0.0001), high Gleason grade (P < 0.0001), positive nodal stage (0.0003), and early biochemical recurrence (P = 0.0007), while these associations were absent or markedly diminished in tumors with normal PTEN copy numbers and/or absence of ERG fusion. CONCLUSIONS CEBPA is down regulated in about one third of prostate cancers, but the clinical impact of CEBPA loss is strictly limited to the subset of about 10% prostate cancers carrying both ERG fusion and deletions of the PTEN tumor suppressor. Our findings challenge the concept that prognostic molecular markers may be generally applicable to all prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jannes Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Poos
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany and Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany and Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany and Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Konopka B, Szafron LM, Kwiatkowska E, Podgorska A, Zolocinska A, Pienkowska-Grela B, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Balcerak A, Lukasik M, Stachurska A, Timorek A, Spiewankiewicz B, El-Bahrawy M, Kupryjanczyk J. The significance of c.690G>T polymorphism (rs34529039) and expression of the CEBPA gene in ovarian cancer outcome. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67412-67424. [PMID: 27602952 PMCID: PMC5341885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The CEBPA gene is known to be mutated or abnormally expressed in several cancers. This is the first study assessing the clinical impact of CEBPA gene status and expression on the ovarian cancer outcome. The CEBPA gene sequence was analyzed in 118 ovarian cancer patients (44 platinum/cyclophosphamide (PC)-treated and 74 taxane/platinum (TP)-treated), both in tumors and blood samples, and in blood from 236 healthy women, using PCR-Sanger sequencing and Real-Time quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based genotyping methods, respectively. The CEBPA mRNA level was examined with Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results were correlated to different clinicopathological parameters. Thirty of 118 (25.4%) tumors harbored the CEBPA synonymous c.690G>T polymorphism (rs34529039), that we showed to be related to up-regulation of CEBPA mRNA levels (p=0.0059). The presence of the polymorphism was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p=0.005) and poor response to the PC chemotherapy regimen (p=0.024). In accordance, elevated CEBPA mRNA levels negatively affected patient survival (p<0.001) and tumor response to the PC therapy (p=0.014). The rs34529039 SNP did not affect the risk of developing ovarian cancer. This is the first study providing evidence that the c.690G>T, p.(Thr230Thr) (rs34529039) polymorphism of the CEBPA gene, together with up-regulation of its mRNA expression, are negative factors worsening ovarian cancer outcome. Their adverse clinical effect depends on a therapeutic regimen used, which might make them potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Konopka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Michal Szafron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zolocinska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerak
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Lukasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Applied Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Spiewankiewicz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Yin X, Yu J, Zhou Y, Wang C, Jiao Z, Qian Z, Sun H, Chen B. Identification of CDK2 as a novel target in treatment of prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:709-718. [PMID: 29323532 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims the potential gene involved in the metastasis of prostate cancer (Pca). METHODS PubMed GEO datasets (GSE6605 and GSE6606) were downloaded. We used multiple bioinformatics methods to screen differentially expressed genes in Pca. Gene network was built by STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. All of the hub genes were analyzed by cBioPortal. Inhibition of CDK2 including siRNA, inhibitor and cas9-induced CDK2 knockout was followed by an invasion assay. Downstream genes of CDK2 were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Sequencing data were analyzed to screen the genes with expression alterations. The top genes were validated in our samples. 11 hub genes were screened out. Among these genes, STAT3 and CDK2 were significantly associated with recurrence. Further study suggested that inhibition of CDK2 reduced invasion of Pca cell lines. The invasion ability was rescued after reintroduction of CDK2. CONCLUSION These data indicated that CDK2 was a crucial factor in metastasis of Pca and might be a novel therapy target. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Jiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhounan Qian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binghai Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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11
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A tumor suppressor role for C/EBPα in solid tumors: more than fat and blood. Oncogene 2017; 36:5221-5230. [PMID: 28504718 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) plays a critical role during embryogenesis and is thereafter required for homeostatic glucose metabolism, adipogenesis and myeloid development. Its ability to regulate the expression of lineage-specific genes and induce growth arrest contributes to the terminal differentiation of several cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes and granulocytes. CEBPA loss of-function mutations contribute to the development of ~10% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), stablishing a tumor suppressor role for C/EBPα. Deregulation of C/EBPα expression has also been reported in a variety of additional human neoplasias, including liver, breast and lung cancer. However, functional CEBPA mutations have not been found in solid tumors, suggesting that abrogation of C/EBPα function in non-hematopoietic tissues is regulated by alternative mechanisms. Here we review the function of C/EBPα in solid tumors and focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying its tumor suppressive role.
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12
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Xue M, Li X, Chen W. Hypoxia regulates the expression and localization of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α by hypoxia inducible factor-1α in bladder transitional carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2121-7. [PMID: 25824695 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is overexpressed in various types of solid tumor in humans, including bladder cancer. HIF-1α regulates the expression of a series of genes, which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration and invasion and represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancer. Despite extensive investigation of the effects of HIF-1α in the progression and metastasis of bladder cancer, the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of HIF-1α on bladder cancer cell proliferation and differentiation remain to be elucidated. It has been suggested that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) acts as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer cell, which are involved in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The present study confirmed that, in bladder cancer cells, the expression and localization of C/EBPα was regulated by hypoxia through an HIF-1α -dependent mechanism, which may be significant in bladder cancer cell proliferation and differentiation. The 5637 and T24 bladder cancer cell lines were incubated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The expression levels of HIF-1α and C/EBPα were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The results revealed that, under hypoxic conditions, the protein expression levels of HIF-1α were markedly upregulated, but the mRNA levels were not altered. However, the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPα were significantly reduced. The present study further analyzed the subcellular localization of C/EBPα, which was markedly decreased in the nuclei under hypoxic conditions. Following HIF-1α small interference RNA silencing of HIF-1α, downregulation of C/EBPα was prevented in the bladder cancer cells cultured under hypoxic conditions. In addition, groups of cells treated with 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α in hypoxia, contributed to the inhibited expression of HIF-1α and enhanced expression of C/EBPα in hypoxic bladder cancer cells. These results suggested that C/EBPα was a downstream effector regulated by HIF-1α in hypoxic bladder cancer cells and that this regulatory pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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13
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Lu GD, Ang YH, Zhou J, Tamilarasi J, Yan B, Lim YC, Srivastava S, Salto-Tellez M, Hui KM, Shen HM, Nguyen LN, Tan BC, Silver DL, Hooi SC. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α predicts poorer prognosis and prevents energy starvation-induced cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2015; 61:965-78. [PMID: 25363290 PMCID: PMC4365685 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) plays an essential role in cellular differentiation, growth, and energy metabolism. Here, we investigate the correlation between C/EBPα and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient outcomes and how C/EBPα protects cells against energy starvation. Expression of C/EBPα protein was increased in the majority of HCCs examined (191 pairs) compared with adjacent nontumor liver tissues in HCC tissue microarrays. Its upregulation was correlated significantly with poorer overall patient survival in both Kaplan-Meier survival (P=0.017) and multivariate Cox regression (P=0.028) analyses. Stable C/EBPα-silenced cells failed to establish xenograft tumors in nude mice due to extensive necrosis, consistent with increased necrosis in human C/EBPα-deficient HCC nodules. Expression of C/EBPα protected HCC cells in vitro from glucose and glutamine starvation-induced cell death through autophagy-involved lipid catabolism. Firstly, C/EBPα promoted lipid catabolism during starvation, while inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation significantly sensitized cell death. Secondly, autophagy was activated in C/EBPα-expressing cells, and the inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 knockdown or chloroquine treatment attenuated lipid catabolism and subsequently sensitized cell death. Finally, we identified TMEM166 as a key player in C/EBPα-mediated autophagy induction and protection against starvation. CONCLUSION The C/EBPα gene is important in that it links HCC carcinogenesis to autophagy-mediated lipid metabolism and resistance to energy starvation; its expression in HCC predicts poorer patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yang Huey Ang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Jegadeesan Tamilarasi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yaw Chyn Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University BelfastBelfast, UK
| | - Kam M Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer CentreSingapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Bryan C Tan
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - David L Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
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14
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Yamamoto K, Tateishi K, Kudo Y, Sato T, Yamamoto S, Miyabayashi K, Matsusaka K, Asaoka Y, Ijichi H, Hirata Y, Otsuka M, Nakai Y, Isayama H, Ikenoue T, Kurokawa M, Fukayama M, Kokudo N, Omata M, Koike K. Loss of histone demethylase KDM6B enhances aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer through downregulation of C/EBPα. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2404-14. [PMID: 24947179 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with critical roles have been well examined. The recent discovery of alterations in genes encoding histone modifiers suggests their possible roles in the complexity of cancer development. We previously reported loss of heterozygosity of the KDM6B gene, which encodes a histone demethylase for trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27, a repressive chromatin mark, in PDAC cells. In this study, we demonstrated that loss of KDM6B enhanced aggressiveness of PDAC cells. KDM6B has been regarded as a tumor suppressor that mediates oncogenic KRAS-induced senescence. Consistently, KDM6B was highly expressed in pancreatic precancerous lesions (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms); then, the expression decreased as the malignant grade progressed. We found that knockdown of KDM6B in PDAC cells promoted tumor sphere formation and increased peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis in vivo. Microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis implicated CEBPA for aggressiveness induced by KDM6B knockdown. CEBPA knockdown recapitulated the phenotypic change of PDAC cells after KDM6B knockdown, which was reversed by forced expression of C/EBPα. Moreover, similar protein expression patterns of KDM6B and C/EBPα in human PDAC emphasized their functional correlation. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of the H3K27 methylase EZH2 in PDAC cells inhibited tumor sphere formation along with the upregulation of CEBPA expression, and this effect was impaired in KDM6B knockdown cells, highlighting the role for KDM6B in the activation of CEBPA. Together, our results propose a significant role for the KDM6B-C/EBPα axis in the PDAC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | | | - Shinzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Koji Miyabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ijichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and
| | - Masao Omata
- Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Hematology and Oncology and Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Artificial Organ and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan and Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi-cho, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-Prefecture 400-8506, Japan
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15
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Palumbo A, Ferreira LB, Reis de Souza PA, Oliveira FLD, Pontes B, Viana NB, Machado DE, Palmero CY, Alves LM, Gimba ER, Nasciutti LE. Extracellular matrix secreted by reactive stroma is a main inducer of pro-tumorigenic features on LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 321:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Dooher JE, Paz-Priel I, Houng S, Baldwin AS, Friedman AD. C/EBPα, C/EBPα oncoproteins, or C/EBPβ preferentially bind NF-κB p50 compared with p65, focusing therapeutic targeting on the C/EBP:p50 interaction. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1395-405. [PMID: 21813505 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Canonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation signals stimulate nuclear translocation of p50:p65, replacing inhibitory p50:p50 with activating complexes on chromatin. C/EBP interaction with p50 homodimers provides an alternative pathway for NF-κB target gene activation, and interaction with p50:p65 may enhance gene activation. We previously found that C/EBPα cooperates with p50, but not p65, to induce Bcl-2 transcription and that C/EBPα induces Nfkb1/p50, but not RelA/p65, transcription. Using p50 and p65 variants containing the FLAG epitope at their N- or C-termini, we now show that C/EBPα, C/EBPα myeloid oncoproteins, or the LAP1, LAP2, or LIP isoforms of C/EBPβ have markedly higher affinity for p50 than for p65. Deletion of the p65 transactivation domain did not increase p65 affinity for C/EBPs, suggesting that unique residues in p50 account for specificity, and clustered mutation of HSDL in the "p50 insert" lacking in p65 weakens interaction. Also, in contrast to Nfkb1 gene deletion, absence of the RelA gene does not reduce Bcl-2 or Cebpa RNA in unstimulated cells or prevent interaction of C/EBPα with the Bcl-2 promoter. Saturating mutagenesis of the C/EBPα basic region identifies R300 and nearby residues, identical in C/EBPβ, as critical for interaction with p50. These findings support the conclusion that C/EBPs activate NF-κB target genes via contact with p50 even in the absence of canonical NF-κB activation and indicate that targeting C/EBP:p50 rather than C/EBP:p65 interaction in the nucleus will prove effective for inflammatory or malignant conditions, alone or synergistically with agents acting in the cytoplasm to reduce canonical NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Dooher
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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17
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Iakova P, Timchenko L, Timchenko NA. Intracellular signaling and hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 21:28-34. [PMID: 20850540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer related death in the world. The recent development of new techniques for the investigations of global change in the gene expression, signaling pathways and wide genome binding has provided novel information for the mechanisms underlying liver cancer progression. Although these studies identified gene expression signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma, the early steps of the development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are not well understood. The development of HCC is a multistep process which includes the progressive alterations of gene expression leading to the increased proliferation and to liver cancer. This review summarizes recent progress in the identification of the key steps of the development of HCC with the focus on early events of carcinogenesis and on the role of translational and epigenetic alterations in the development of HCC. Quiescent stage of the liver is supported by several tumor suppressor proteins including p53, Rb and C/EBPα. Studies with chemical models of liver carcinogenesis and with human HCC have shown that the elevation of gankyrin is responsible for the elimination of these three proteins at early steps of carcinogenesis. Later stages of progression of the liver cancer are associated with alterations in many signaling pathways including translation which leads to epigenetic silencing/activation of many genes. Particularly, recent reports suggest a critical role of histone deacetylase 1, HDAC1, in the development of HCC through the interactions with transcription factors such as C/EBP family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Iakova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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18
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Lu GD, Leung CHW, Yan B, Tan CMY, Low SY, Aung MO, Salto-Tellez M, Lim SG, Hooi SC. C/EBPalpha is up-regulated in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas and plays a role in cell growth and proliferation. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:632-43, 643.e1-4. [PMID: 20347819 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS C/EBPalpha (cebpa) is a putative tumor suppressor. However, initial results indicated that cebpa was up-regulated in a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The regulation and function of C/EBPalpha was investigated in HCC cell lines to clarify its role in liver carcinogenesis. METHODS The regulation of C/EBPalpha expression was studied by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, methylation-specific PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. C/EBPalpha expression was knocked-down by small interfering RNA or short hairpin RNA. Functional assays included colony formation, methylthiotetrazole, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and luciferase-reporter assays. RESULTS Cebpa was up-regulated at least 2-fold in a subset (approximately 55%) of human HCCs compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. None of the up-regulated samples were positive for hepatitis C infection. The HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7 expressed high, PLC/PRF/5 intermediate, HepG2 and HCC-M low levels of C/EBPalpha, recapitulating the pattern of expression observed in HCCs. No mutations were detected in the CEBPA gene in HCCs and cell lines. C/EBPalpha was localized to the nucleus and functional in Hep3B and Huh7 cells; knocking-down its expression reduced target-gene expression, colony formation, and cell growth, associated with a decrease in cyclin A and CDK4 concentrations and E2F transcriptional activity. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, and the binding of acetylated histone H3 to the CEBPA promoter-regulated cebpa expression in the HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS C/EBPalpha is up-regulated in a subset of HCCs and has growth-promoting activities in HCC cells. Novel oncogenic mechanisms involving C/EBPalpha may be amenable to epigenetic regulation to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Department of Medicine, National University Hospital Health Systems, Singapore
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Creighton CJ, Fountain MD, Yu Z, Nagaraja AK, Zhu H, Khan M, Olokpa E, Zariff A, Gunaratne PH, Matzuk MM, Anderson ML. Molecular profiling uncovers a p53-associated role for microRNA-31 in inhibiting the proliferation of serous ovarian carcinomas and other cancers. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1906-15. [PMID: 20179198 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate complex patterns of gene expression, and the relevance of altered miRNA expression to ovarian cancer remains to be elucidated. By comprehensively profiling expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in serous ovarian tumors and cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelium, we identified hundreds of potential miRNA-mRNA targeting associations underlying cancer. Functional overexpression of miR-31, the most underexpressed miRNA in serous ovarian cancer, repressed predicted miR-31 gene targets including the cell cycle regulator E2F2. MIR31 and CDKN2A, which encode p14(ARF) and p16(INK4A), are located at 9p21.3, a genomic region commonly deleted in ovarian and other cancers. p14(ARF) promotes p53 activity, and E2F2 overexpression in p53 wild-type cells normally leads via p14(ARF) to an induction of p53-dependent apoptosis. In a number of serous cancer cell lines with a dysfunctional p53 pathway (i.e., OVCAR8, OVCA433, and SKOV3), miR-31 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, in other lines (i.e., HEY and OVSAYO) with functional p53, miR-31 had no effect. Additionally, the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and the prostate cancer cell line PC3 (p14(ARF)-deficient and p53-deficient, respectively) were also sensitive to miR-31. Furthermore, miR-31 overexpression induced a global gene expression pattern in OVCAR8 associated with better prognosis in tumors from patients with advanced stage serous ovarian cancer, potentially affecting many genes underlying disease progression. Our findings reveal that loss of miR-31 is associated with defects in the p53 pathway and functions in serous ovarian cancer and other cancers, suggesting that patients with cancers deficient in p53 activity might benefit from therapeutic delivery of miR-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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