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Gong J, Kim DM, Freeman MR, Kim H, Ellis L, Smith B, Theodorescu D, Posadas E, Figlin R, Bhowmick N, Freedland SJ. Genetic and biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities in Black men. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:274-289. [PMID: 37964070 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Black men with prostate cancer have historically had worse outcomes than white men with prostate cancer. The causes of this disparity in outcomes are multi-factorial, but a potential basis is that prostate cancers in Black men are biologically distinct from prostate cancers in white men. Evidence suggests that genetic and ancestral factors, molecular pathways involving androgen and non-androgen receptor signalling, inflammation, epigenetics, the tumour microenvironment and tumour metabolism are contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Key genetic and molecular pathways linked to prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness have potential clinical relevance. Describing biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities could inform efforts to improve outcomes for Black men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel M Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyung Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Smith
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Figlin
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Bhowmick
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Abigene, a Prospective, Multicentric Study of Abiraterone Acetate Pharmacogenetics in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020651. [PMID: 36839973 PMCID: PMC9959353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AA) is the first-in-class of drugs belonging to the second-generation of agents inhibiting androgen neosynthesis in advanced prostate cancer. A cumulative experience attests that germinal gene polymorphisms may play a role in the prediction of anticancer agent pharmacodynamics variability. In the present prospective, multicentric study, gene polymorphisms of CYP17A1 (AA direct target) and the androgen transporter genes SLCO2B1 and SLCO1B3 (potential modulators of AA activity) were confronted with AA pharmacodynamics (treatment response and toxicity) in a group of 137 advanced prostate cancer patients treated in the first line by AA. The median follow-up was 56.3 months (95% CI [52.5-61]). From multivariate analysis, rs2486758 C/C (CYP17A1) and PSA (≥10 ng/mL) were associated with a shorter 3-year biological PFS (HR = 4.05, IC95% [1.46-11.22]; p = 0.007 and HR = 2.08, IC95% [1.31-3.30]; p = 0.002, respectively). From a multivariate analysis, the rs743572 (CYP17A1) and performance status were independently associated with significant toxicity (OR = 3.78 (IC95% [1.42-9.75]; p = 0.006 and OR = 4.54; IC95% [1.46-13.61]; p = 0.007, respectively). Host genome characteristics may help to predict AA treatment efficacy and identify patients at risk for toxicity.
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Meunier ME, Blanchet P, Neuzillet Y, Lebret T, Brureau L. A review of new hormonal therapies for prostate cancer in black men: is there enough data? BMC Cancer 2021; 21:61. [PMID: 33446131 PMCID: PMC7807857 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer among black men is known to have specific molecular characteristics, especially the androgen receptor or enzymes related to the androgen metabolism. These targets are keys to the action of new hormonal therapies. Nevertheless, literature has a lack of data regarding black men. We aimed to gather the available literature data on new hormonal therapies among black populations. Methods We conducted a literature review from the PubMed / MEDLINE database until October 2020. All clinical studies of new hormonal therapies and black populations, regardless of methodology, were included. Results Four studies provided data on new hormonal therapies in black populations. Three studies reported a PSA decline in black patients treated with Abiraterone, higher in black men than in white men. Overall survival also appears to be higher in black patients treated with Abiraterone only or first. Conclusion Few articles have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of use of these treatments among black populations. The first results seem to show that Abiraterone can provide a benefit in overall survival in black populations. Prospective studies are needed to answer these questions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias E Meunier
- Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France. .,University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- Department of Urology, Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 1085 - IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Yann Neuzillet
- Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France.,University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Thierry Lebret
- Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France.,University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- Department of Urology, Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 1085 - IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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4
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Lewis DD, Cropp CD. The Impact of African Ancestry on Prostate Cancer Disparities in the Era of Precision Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1471. [PMID: 33302594 PMCID: PMC7762993 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African ancestry at nearly twice the rate of men of European ancestry despite the advancement of treatment strategies and prevention. In this review, we discuss the underlying causes of these disparities including genetics, environmental/behavioral, and social determinants of health while highlighting the implications and challenges that contribute to the stark underrepresentation of men of African ancestry in clinical trials and genetic research studies. Reducing prostate cancer disparities through the development of personalized medicine approaches based on genetics will require a holistic understanding of the complex interplay of non-genetic factors that disproportionately exacerbate the observed disparity between men of African and European ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyana D. Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Cheryl D. Cropp
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA;
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Effah CY, Wang L, Agboyibor C, Drokow EK, Yu S, Wang W, Wu Y. Polymorphism in the Androgen Biosynthesis Gene (CYP17), a Risk for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2020; 14:1557988320959984. [PMID: 32964792 PMCID: PMC7518003 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320959984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene polymorphism is one of the few factors that increases the risk of prostate cancer. T to C substitution in the 5’ promoter region of the CYP17 gene is hypothesized to increase the rate of gene transcription, increase androgen production, and thereby increase the risk of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the inconsistencies originating from studies on CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer prompted this meta-analysis, to decipher the association between CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer. Most case-control studies addressing CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer were exhaustively searched from Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The various genotype distributions as well as the minor allele distributions were retrieved. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% CI and estimates of the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium were calculated. Analyses were performed using the RevMan v.5.3 software and SPSS v.21. There was high-pooled heterogeneity (I2 = 87.0%, OR = .42, CI [.39, .45], and p < .001) among the A2 versus A1 allele. With the per-allele model (A2 versus A1), ethnicity was a major risk factor to prostate cancer, with Asians recording the highest risk (OR = 12.61, 95% CI [8.77, 18.12]). From the genotype models, A1/A1 versus A2/A2 (OR = 3.02, 95% CI [2.65, 3.44]) and A1/A2 versus A2/A2 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI [3.86, 5.00]) were all significantly associated with prostate cancer. Although some genotype models were associated with the risk of prostate cancer, we should be mindful when interpreting the results of this study because of the limited number of studies and the small sample size used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Crucitta S, Del Re M, Paolieri F, Bloise F, Sbrana A, Sammarco E, Mercinelli C, Cucchiara F, Fontanelli L, Galli L, Danesi R. CYP17A1 polymorphism c.-362T>C predicts clinical outcome in metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:527-533. [PMID: 32945940 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone became a standard hormonal therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, patients may experience primary resistance to treatment. To date, few predictive biomarkers of efficacy have been identified. Our aim was to investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.-362T>C in the CYP17A1 gene, and clinical outcome in mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone. PATIENTS AND METHODS mCRPC patients candidate to receive abiraterone were enrolled in the present retrospective pharmacogenetic study. Based on a literature selection, CYP17A1 rs2486758 (c.-362T > C) was selected and analysed by real-time PCR on genomic DNA extracted from whole blood. Univariate analysis was performed to test the association between the SNP and treatment-related clinical outcomes. RESULTS Sixty mCRPC patients were enrolled in the present study. Patients carrying the mutant CYP17A1 c.-362CT/CC genotypes showed a shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) and prostate-specific antigen-PFS (PSA-PFS) compared to patients carrying the TT genotype (10.7 vs 14.2 months and 8 vs 16 months, respectively; p = 0.04). No association between the selected SNP and the overall survival was found. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an association between CYP17A1 c.-362T>C polymorphism and poorer clinical outcome with abiraterone for mCRPC patients. However, further validations on larger cohort of patients are needed to confirm its role as a predictive biomarker for abiraterone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Paolieri
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bloise
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbrana
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Sammarco
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Mercinelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Cucchiara
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fontanelli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Wu X, Xu QJ, Chen PZ, Yu CB, Ye LF, Li T. Association Between CYP17A1, CYB5A Polymorphisms and Efficacy of Abiraterone Acetate/Prednisone Treatment in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:181-188. [PMID: 32581567 PMCID: PMC7280245 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s245086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP17A1, CYB5A and the efficacy of abiraterone acetate treatment in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected from 58 CRPC patients who had been treated with abiraterone acetate/prednisone (AA/P). The SNPs rs743572 and rs10883783 on CYP17A1 and SNPs rs1790834 and rs1790858 on CYB5A were assayed, and their relationship with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response in patients after AA/P treatment, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by logistic regression, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier and Log rank analyses. RESULTS The SNP rs1790834 on CYB5A showed significant association with PSA response in CRPC patients treated with AA/P (P < 0.05), but rs743572, rs10883783 and rs1790858 did not. The rs1790834 variant significantly decreased both PFS and OS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The CYB5A rs790834 genotype is a novel SNP related to CRPC and may be used as a biomarker for CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jiang Xu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping-Zhou Chen
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Bo Yu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lie-Fu Ye
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou350001, People’s Republic of China
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8
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The significance of polymorphism and expression of oestrogen metabolism-related genes in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:609-615. [PMID: 28887105 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphism and expression of CYP17, CYP1A1, COMT and SULT1A1 affected the risk of idiopathic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in Chinese women. DNA sequencing and real-time PCR were used to detect these genes in 132 cases of idiopathic POI and 132 normal women. A significant increase in the C allele of CYP17 (rs743572) polymorphism was observed in women with POI compared with controls (PFDR = 0.046). A significant decrease was observed in the C allele of CYP1A1 (rs4646903) in women with POI compared with controls (PFDR = 0.004). The A allele of COMT (rs4680) polymorphism was more frequent in women with POI compared with controls (PFDR = 0.029). The genotypic frequency of SULT1A1 (rs9282861) was not significantly different between the two groups. For the relative expression of CYP17 and COMT were statistically significant (both PFDR = 0.066), with false discovery rate controlled at 0.1. No significant difference was observed in the RNA levels of CYP1A1 and SULT1A1 between the two groups. The frequency of expression of the CYP17 T/C variant tended to be higher and the A allele of COMT polymorphism together with down-regulation of its mRNA expression may be more frequent in Chinese women with idiopathic POI.
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9
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Common Genetic Variation in CYP17A1 and Response to Abiraterone Acetate in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071097. [PMID: 27409606 PMCID: PMC4964473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AA/P) prolongs survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. We evaluated the genetic variation in CYP17A1 as predictive of response to AA/P. A prospective collection of germline DNA prior to AA/P initiation and follow-up of a mCRPC cohort was performed. Five common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP17A1 identified using a haplotype-based tagging algorithm were genotyped. Clinical outcomes included biochemical response and time to biochemical progression on AA/P. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between tag SNPs and biochemical response. Proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between tag SNPs and time to biochemical progression. Odds or hazard ratio per minor allele were estimated and p-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Germline DNA was successfully genotyped for four tag SNPs in 87 patients. The median age was 73 years (54-90); the median prostate-specific antigen was 66 ng/dL (0.1-99.9). A single SNP, rs2486758, was associated with lower odds of experiencing a biochemical response (Odds ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.63, p = 0.005) and a shorter time to biochemical progression (Hazard ratio 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.39-3.56, p < 0.001). This tag SNP located in the promoter region of CYP17A1 will need further validation as a predictive biomarker for AA/P therapy.
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Brureau L, Moningo D, Emeville E, Ferdinand S, Punga A, Lufuma S, Blanchet P, Romana M, Multigner L. Polymorphisms of Estrogen Metabolism-Related Genes and Prostate Cancer Risk in Two Populations of African Ancestry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153609. [PMID: 27074016 PMCID: PMC4830606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogens are thought to play a critical role in prostate carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism are risk factors for prostate cancer. However, few studies have been performed on populations of African ancestry, which are known to have a high risk of prostate cancer. Objective We investigated whether functional polymorphisms of CYP17, CYP19, CYP1B1, COMT and UGT1A1 affected the risk of prostate cancer in two different populations of African ancestry. Methods In Guadeloupe (French West Indies), we compared 498 prostate cancer patients and 565 control subjects. In Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), 162 prostate cancer patients were compared with 144 controls. Gene polymorphisms were determined by the SNaPshot technique or short tandem repeat PCR analysis. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The AA genotype and the A allele of rs4680 (COMT) appeared to be inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer in adjusted models for both Afro-Caribbean and native African men. For the A allele, a significant inverse association was observed among cases with low-grade Gleason scores and localized clinical stage, in both populations. Conclusions These preliminary results support the hypothesis that polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism may modulate the risk of prostate cancer in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Brureau
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Service d’Urologie, CHU de Pointe à Pitre, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Dieudonné Moningo
- Service d’Urologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Elise Emeville
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Ferdinand
- Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Inserm, U1134, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Augustin Punga
- Service d’Urologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Simon Lufuma
- Service d’Urologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Service d’Urologie, CHU de Pointe à Pitre, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Inserm, U1134, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Ek WE, Lagergren K, Cook M, Wu AH, Abnet CC, Levine D, Chow WH, Bernstein L, Risch HA, Shaheen NJ, Bird NC, Corley DA, Hardie LJ, Fitzgerald RC, Gammon MD, Romero Y, Liu G, Ye W, Vaughan TL, MacGregor S, Whiteman DC, Westberg L, Lagergren J. Polymorphisms in genes in the androgen pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:1146-52. [PMID: 26414697 PMCID: PMC4715576 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The strong male predominance in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains inadequately explained, but sex hormones might be involved. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the androgen pathway influence risk of developing BE and EAC. This genetic-epidemiological analysis included 14 studies from Australia, Europe and North America. Polymorphisms in 16 genes coding for the androgen pathway were analyzed using a gene-based approach: versatile gene-based test association study. This method evaluates associations between a trait and all SNPs within a specific gene rather than each SNP marker individually as in a conventional GWAS. The data were stratified for sex, body-mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco smoking and gastroesophageal reflux status. Included were data from 1,508 EAC patients, 2,383 BE patients and 2,170 control participants. SNPs within the gene CYP17A1 were associated with risk of BE in the sexes combined (p = 0.002) and in males (p = 0.003), but not in females separately (p = 0.3). This association was found in tobacco smokers (p = 0.003) and in BE patients without reflux (p = 0.004), but not in nonsmokers (p = 0.2) or those with reflux (p = 0.036). SNPs within JMJD1C were associated with risk of EAC in females (p = 0.001). However, none of these associations replicated in a subsequent sample. Fourteen other genes studied did not reach statistically significant levels of association with BE, EAC or the combination of BE and EAC, after correcting for the number of genes included in the analysis. In conclusion, genetic variants in the androgen-related genes CYP17A1 and JMJD1C might be associated with risk of BE and EAC, respectively, but replication data with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronica E. Ek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katarina Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel C. Bird
- Department of Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne Romero
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Valenciano A, Foro-Arnalot P, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Cozar JM, Suárez-Novo JF, Castells-Esteve M, Fernández-Gonzalo P, De-Paula-Carranza B, Ferrer M, Guedea F, Sancho-Pardo G, Craven-Bartle J, Ortiz-Gordillo MJ, Cabrera-Roldán P, Rodríguez-Melcón JI, Herrera-Ramos E, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Lara PC. Genetic variations in genes involved in testosterone metabolism are associated with prostate cancer progression: A Spanish multicenter study. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:331.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhou CK, Littman AJ, Levine PH, Hoffman HJ, Cleary SD, White E, Cook MB. Male pattern baldness in relation to prostate cancer risks: an analysis in the VITamins and lifestyle (VITAL) cohort study. Prostate 2015; 75:415-23. [PMID: 25492530 PMCID: PMC4293210 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male pattern baldness and prostate cancer may share common pathophysiological mechanisms in terms of advancing age, heritability, and endogenous hormones. Results from previous epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we investigated the association of prostate cancer risks with male pattern baldness at age 30 years, age 45 years, and baseline (median age = 60.5 years) in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort study. METHODS We included 32,583 men who were aged 50-76 years and without prior cancer diagnosis (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) at the start of follow-up. First primary incident prostate cancers were ascertained via linkage to the western Washington Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS During follow-up (median = 9 years), 2,306 incident prostate cancers were diagnosed. Male pattern baldness at age 30 years, age 45 years, and baseline were not statistically significantly associated with overall or subtypes of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION This study did not provide support for the hypothesis that male pattern baldness may be a marker for subsequent prostate cancer. Previous evidence indicates that a distinct class of frontal with vertex balding may be associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer, but all such balding classes were captured as a single exposure category by the VITAL cohort questionnaire. Prostate 75:415-423, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Alyson J. Littman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul H. Levine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Heather J. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Sean D. Cleary
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Emily White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD
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Li L, Gu ZP, Bo QM, Wang D, Yang XS, Cai GH. Association of CYP17A1 gene -34T/C polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome in Han Chinese population. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:40-3. [PMID: 25208301 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.947948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of the cytochrome P450 17α (CYP17A1) gene -34T/C polymorphism in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Han Chinese population. METHODS Three-hundred eighteen patients with PCOS and 306 controls were recruited and the CYP17A1 -34T/C polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Furthermore, the relationship of CYP17A1 -34T/C polymorphism and clinical feature parameters of PCOS patients was also analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence rates of CYP17A1 genotype TT, TC and CC were 49.69%, 43.71% and 6.6% in the case group and those were 44.77%, 46.08% and 9.15% in the control group. The frequencies of CYP17A1 T and C alleles were 71.54% and 28.46% in the case group, and those were 67.81% and 32.19% in the control group. Neither the genotypic nor the allelic distribution was significantly different between the cases and controls. However, the PCOS patients with the genotype of CC had significantly higher total testosterone levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) than those with the genotype of TT or TC. CONCLUSIONS The CYP17A1 gene -34T/C polymorphism might not be directly correlated with the PCOS, but might influence PCOS via the association of testosterone level and the HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Medical School of Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong Province , China
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Rowe E, Van Horn A, Rockwell LC. CYP17 genotype modifies the impact of anthropometric variation on salivary estradiol in healthy women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:665-70. [PMID: 25448501 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrate that human ovarian function is responsive to the energetic environment, which has led to the development of theoretical models that explain this phenomenon. Although many genes are involved in ovarian hormone production, the possibility that genetic polymorphism may affect ovarian response to energetic conditions has not been considered. Cytochrome P450c17α is an enzyme that produces androgen precursors used to make estrogens during ovarian steroidogenesis, and is encoded by the CYP17 gene. A functionally significant variant within the promoter region of CYP17 has been linked to variation in steroid production, and some evidence suggests that this polymorphism could alter transcription of CYP17 in an insulin-dependent manner. We tested the hypothesis that the CYP17 variant affected the relationship between anthropometric measurements and salivary estradiol in healthy women in the United States (n = 28). PCR-RLFP analysis was used to genotype women for the genetic variant, and estradiol was assayed from saliva by EIA. Moderated regression analysis of these preliminary data revealed a significant interaction between waist-to-hip ratio and CYP17 genotype (P = 0.004). Our study provides evidence that gene-environment interactions should be considered in future adaptive models for human ovarian function. Moreover, our results stand to illuminate possible associations between this genetic variant and reproductive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rowe
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
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17
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Quantitative assessment of the association between CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:983-91. [PMID: 25323563 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism and risk of PC showed inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to further estimate the pooled effect size of rs743572 polymorphism and PC progression via large-scale meta-analysis. We searched the case-control studies of rs743572 polymorphism and PC risk in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to February 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) along with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by means of both fixed effects model and random effects model. A total of 38 publications consisting of 42 studies with 15,735 cases and 17,825 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association was found between rs743572 polymorphism and PC risk. Stratified analyses by control source and sample size did not provide significant results. However, there was a borderline association in African population under A2A2 versus A1A2 + A1A1 genetic model (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.92, P = 0.975, I (2) = 0.0 %). Results from the current meta-analysis suggested that CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism might modify the risk of PC in the subjects of African decent.
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18
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Zhou CK, Pfeiffer RM, Cleary SD, Hoffman HJ, Levine PH, Chu LW, Hsing AW, Cook MB. Relationship between male pattern baldness and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer: an analysis of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. J Clin Oncol 2014; 33:419-25. [PMID: 25225425 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Male pattern baldness and prostate cancer appear to share common pathophysiologic mechanisms. However, results from previous studies that assess their relationship have been inconsistent. Therefore, we investigated the association of male pattern baldness at age 45 years with risks of overall and subtypes of prostate cancer in a large, prospective cohort—the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. METHODS We included 39,070 men from the usual care and screening arms of the trial cohort who had no cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) at the start of follow-up and recalled their hair-loss patterns at age 45 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the time metric. RESULTS During follow-up (median, 2.78 years), 1,138 incident prostate cancer cases were diagnosed, 571 of which were aggressive (biopsy Gleason score ≥ 7, and/or clinical stage III or greater, and/or fatal). Compared with no baldness, frontal plus moderate vertex baldness at age 45 years was not significantly associated with overall (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.45) or nonaggressive (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.30) prostate cancer risk but was significantly associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.80). Adjustment for covariates did not substantially alter these estimates. Other classes of baldness were not significantly associated with overall or subtypes of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that frontal plus moderate vertex baldness at age 45 years is associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer and supports the possibility of common pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Sean D Cleary
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Heather J Hoffman
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Paul H Levine
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Lisa W Chu
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Cindy Ke Zhou, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, and Michael B. Cook, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Cindy Ke Zhou, Sean D. Cleary, Heather J. Hoffman, and Paul H. Levine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; and Lisa W. Chu and Ann W. Hsing, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA.
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CYP17 polymorphism (rs743572) is associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer in tobacco users. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6531-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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20
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Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis involving 18 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5921-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Ding Q, Shi Y, Fan B, Fan Z, Wang J. IGFBP-3 Promoter Polymorphism -202A>C (rs2854774) Contributes to Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence Based on 9,482 Subjects. Urol Int 2014; 93:100-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000355176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zaorsky NG, Trabulsi EJ, Lin J, Den RB. Multimodality therapy for patients with high-risk prostate cancer: current status and future directions. Semin Oncol 2013; 40:308-21. [PMID: 23806496 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second most common cause of cancer death in American men. Although high-risk disease accounts for less than 15% of diagnoses, high-risk prostate cancer patients have a cancer-specific mortality rate of 15% at 10 years. There is currently no consensus on the optimal management of high-risk disease because (1) there are different primary modalities available (ie, surgery, radiation), for which there are no randomized trials comparing efficacy; and (2) unstandardized timing of different therapies (ie, neoadjuvant v concurrent v adjuvant), which makes comparisons of efficacy problematic. Increased understanding into the mechanisms leading to the formation of advanced metastatic disease has spurred the development of agents to target these pathways. However, new questions regarding optimal management of disease arise with regard to the role of these therapies in combination with "conventional" primary modalities for earlier stage, high-risk prostate cancer patients. In this article, we review the transforming world of multimodality therapy in high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Wang YM, Liu ZW, Guo JB, Wang XF, Zhao XX, Zheng X. ESR1 Gene Polymorphisms and Prostate Cancer Risk: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66999. [PMID: 23805288 PMCID: PMC3689664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many published data on the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ESR1 gene and prostate cancer susceptibility are inconclusive. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis is to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases was conducted from their inception through July 1st, 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association. RESULTS Twelve case-control studies were included with a total 2,165 prostate cancer cases and 3,361 healthy controls. When all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, ESR1 PvuII (C>T) and XbaI (A>G) polymorphisms showed no association with the risk of prostate cancer. However, in the stratified analyses based on ethnicity and country, the results indicated that ESR1 PvuII (C>T) polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer among Asian populations, especially among Indian population; while ESR1 XbaI (A>G) polymorphism may significantly increase the risk of prostate cancer among American population. Furthermore, we also performed a pooled analysis for all eligible case-control studies to explore the role of codon 10 (T>C), codon 325 (C>G), codon 594 (G>A) and +261G>C polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk. Nevertheless, no significant associations between these polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer were observed. CONCLUSION Results from the current meta-analysis indicate that ESR1 PvuII (C>T) polymorphism may be a risk factor for prostate cancer among Asian populations, especially among Indian population; while ESR1 XbaI (A>G) polymorphism may increase the risk of prostate cancer among American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Hospice, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zu-Wang Liu
- Department of Hospice, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Bo Guo
- Department of Hospice, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Hospice, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Department of Hospice, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Hospice, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Taioli E, Sears V, Watson A, Flores-Obando RE, Jackson MD, Ukoli FA, de Syllos Cólus IM, Fernandez P, McFarlane-Anderson N, Ostrander EA, Rodrigues IS, Stanford JL, Taylor JA, Tulloch-Reid M, Ragin CCR. Polymorphisms in CYP17 and CYP3A4 and prostate cancer in men of African descent. Prostate 2013; 73:668-76. [PMID: 23129512 PMCID: PMC3881417 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A meta and pooled analysis of published and unpublished case-control studies was performed to evaluate the association of CYP17 (rs743572) and CYP3A4 (rs2740574) polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) in men from the USA, Caribbean, and Africa. METHODS Eight publications (seven studies) and two unpublished studies for CYP17 included 1,580 subjects (559 cases and 1,021 controls) and eleven publications and three unpublished studies for CYP3A4 included 3,400 subjects (1,429 cases and 1,971 controls). RESULTS Overall, the CYP17 heterozygous and homozygous variants were not associated with PCa, but they confer a 60% increased risk of PCa in a sub-group analysis restricted to African-American men (T/C + C/C, OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4). No associations were observed for CYP3A4, overall and in stratified analyses for African-Americans and Africans. The pooled analysis suggests that after adjusting for study, age, PSA, and family history of PCa, CYP17 was associated with PCa for men of African ancestry (Adjusted OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2-10.0). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that genetic factors involved in the androgen pathway play a role in PCa risk among men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Taioli
- North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
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Yang X, Feng A, Liu F, Li Q, Zhang J, Yang C, An Y. CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism is not associated with endometrial cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2583-7. [PMID: 23609033 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk has been inconsistent and underpowered. To clarify the effect of CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism on the risk of endometrial cancer, a meta-analysis of all available studies relating CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism to the risk of endometrial cancer was conducted. The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and VisionCite databases updated on March 2013. Data were extracted by two independent authors and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Finally, seven studies with 1,570 endometrial cancer cases and 2,474 controls were included in the meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant association between CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism and endometrial cancer under heterogeneous codominant model (OR = 0.91, 95 %CI = 0.68-1.21). Although CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism was marginally associated with endometrial cancer risk under homogeneous codominant model (OR = 0.69, 95 %CI = 0.49-0.99), the significant association was not stable after sensitivity analysis. We concluded that CYP17A1 T-34C polymorphism might not be one risk factor in the carcinogenesis of endometrial cancer. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250000, China
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26
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Liu JM, Liu JN, Wei MT, He YZ, Zhou Y, Song XB, Ying BW, Huang J. Effect of IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms on prostate cancer occurrence and prognosis in Han Chinese population. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:820-9. [PMID: 23546966 DOI: 10.4238/2013.march.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular functions that affect the biological response to tumors. However, there is insufficient evidence to prove that IL-18 gene variants are associated with risk of prostate cancer. We examined a possible association between two promoter polymorphisms, -137G/C (rs187238) and -607C/A (rs1946518), in the IL-18 gene and prostate cancer occurrence and prognosis in Han Chinese. We used a high-resolution melting method to genotype these two polymorphisms in 375 Chinese Han patients with prostate cancer and in 400 age-matched healthy controls. A hundred and eighty-one prostate cancer patients who had been receiving androgen deprivation therapy, including operational and medical castration, were enrolled to follow-up in this study. Carriers of the GG genotype of the -137G/ C polymorphism had a 2.165-times higher risk of prostate cancer progression than carriers of GC [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.270-3.687]. Patients with the GG genotype at clinical stages III and IV also had significantly lower rates of progression-free survival (relative risk = 2.174, 95%CI = 1.211-3.906). However, we found no significant association of genotype or allele distributions of these two polymorphisms with occurrence of prostate cancer. We conclude that there is evidence that the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphism -137G/ C influences the prognosis of prostate cancer patients in androgen deprivation therapy, although neither of the two SNPs contributes to prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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27
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Effect of CYP17 and PSA gene polymorphisms on prostate cancer risk and circulating PSA levels in the Slovak population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7871-80. [PMID: 22528335 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P-450c17α (CYP17) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) genes, which are involved in the androgen metabolism cascade, have been studied as possible candidates for genetic influences on prostate cancer development. Contradictory results prompted us to evaluate the frequencies of polymorphisms in the CYP17 and PSA genes as well as the association between these genetic variants and serum PSA levels in prostate cancer patients and men routinely screened for prostate cancer with PSA in the Slovak male population. The CYP17 and PSA polymorphisms were determined by the PCR-RFLP analysis in 197 Caucasian prostate cancer patients and 256 Caucasian controls. We did not find any association between the CYP17 and PSA genotypes and prostate cancer risk overall, or by grade. Also the total serum PSA levels in the cases with the AG or AA genotype were not significantly higher than in the men with the GG genotype (P > 0.05). Our study did not provide support for the hypothesized relationship between CYP17 and PSA gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer in the Slovak male population.
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Nakagawa H, Akamatsu S, Takata R, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Nakamura Y. Prostate cancer genomics, biology, and risk assessment through genome-wide association studies. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:607-13. [PMID: 22181854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy observed in men. It is evident that genetic factors play some important roles in PC etiology. Recently, genome-wide association studies in diverse ethnic groups have identified more than 40 germline variants of various genes or chromosomal loci that are significantly associated with PC susceptibility, including multiple 8q24 loci, prostate-specific genes, metabolic and hormone-related genes, and many regions where no coding gene is annotated. However, there are only a few variants or genes for which biological significance or functions have been elucidated so far. The greatest challenge related to genome-wide association studies loci in prostate genomics is to understand the functional consequences of these PC-associated loci and their involvement in PC biology and carcinogenesis. There have been attempts to determine PC risk estimations by combining multiple PC-associated variants for clinical tests, and these can identify a very minor population with high risk of PC. However, they cannot distinguish risk of aggressive PC from that of non-aggressive PC. Further identification of PC-susceptibility loci in larger genome-wide association studies cohorts and biological insights gained from such functional analyses have the potential to translate into clinical benefits, including the development of reliable biomarkers, risk estimation, and effective strategies for screening and prevention of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Biomarker Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.
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Li Y, Liu F, Luo S, Hu H, Li XH, Li SW. Polymorphism T→C of gene CYP17 promoter and polycystic ovary syndrome risk: a meta-analysis. Gene 2012; 495:16-22. [PMID: 22237020 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The T→C polymorphism of CYP17 gene has been inconsistently associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) risk. We examined the association by performing a meta-analysis. Two investigators independently searched the Medline, Embase, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for CYP17 polymorphism and PCOS were calculated in a fixed-effects model and a random-effects model when appropriate. The pooled ORs were performed for co-dominant model (CC vs. TT, TC vs. TT), dominant model (CC+TC vs. TT), and recessive model (CC vs. TC+TT). Subgroup analyses were performed by ethnicity, country, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in controls and study sample size. This meta-analysis included 10 case-control studies, which included 1321 PCOS cases and 1017 controls. Overall, the variant genotypes (CC and TC) were not associated with PCOS risk, compared with the wild-type TT homozygote. Similarly, no associations were found in the dominant and recessive models. Stratified analyses by ethnicity/country also detected no significant association. However, limiting the analysis to the studies within HWE, a significantly increased risk was observed (TC vs. TT, OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.10-1.88; dominant model, OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.10-1.81). Moreover, when stratifying by study sample size, a significantly elevated risk was found among small sample studies (≤200 subjects), but not among large sample studies (> 200 subjects). This meta-analysis suggests that the CYP17 T/C polymorphism may be not associated with PCOS risk, while the observed increase in risk of PCOS may be due to small-study bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Division of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, 3 Duan 20 Hao Ren Min Nan Lu, City of Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Aschelter AM, Giacinti S, Caporello P, Marchetti P. Genomic and epigenomic alterations in prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:128. [PMID: 23133437 PMCID: PMC3490108 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in man. The treatment of localized PC includes surgery or radiation therapy. In case of relapse after a definitive treatment or in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, the standard treatment includes the androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). By reducing the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone under the castration threshold, the ADT acts on the androgen receptor (AR), even if indirectly. The effects of the ADT are usually temporary and nearly all patients, initially sensitive to the androgen ablation therapy, have a disease progression after an 18-24 months medium term. This is probably due to the selection of the cancer cell clones and to their acquisition of critical somatic genome and epigenomic changes. This review aims to provide an overview about the genetic and epigenetic alterations having a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and in the disease progression toward the castration resistant PC. We focused on the role of the AR, on its signaling cascade and on the clinical implications that the knowledge of these aspects would have on hormonal therapy, on its failure and its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Marchetti
- *Correspondence: Paolo Marchetti, Department of Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035–1039, 00189 Rome, Italy. e-mail:
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