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Sousa TC, de Souza LP, Ricardo MLS, Yoshigae AY, Hinokuma KD, Gorzoni ABR, de Aquino AM, Scarano WR, de Sousa Castillho AC, Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Teixeira GR, Nai GA, de Oliveira Mendes L. Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104015-104028. [PMID: 37697193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaina Cavalleri Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pereira de Souza
- Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), R. José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Yuri Yoshigae
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Ratto Gorzoni
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anthony César de Sousa Castillho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Santos Cruz Veras
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil.
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De Falco M, Laforgia V. Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9772. [PMID: 34574693 PMCID: PMC8471191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to a heterogeneous class of environmental pollutants widely diffused in different aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This implies that humans and animals are continuously exposed to EDCs from different matrices and sources. Moreover, pollution derived from anthropic and industrial activities leads to combined exposure to substances with multiple mechanisms of action on the endocrine system and correlated cell and tissue targets. For this reason, specific organs, such as the prostate gland, which physiologically are under the control of hormones like androgens and estrogens, are particularly sensitive to EDC stimulation. It is now well known that an imbalance in hormonal regulation can cause the onset of various prostate diseases, from benign prostate hyperplasia to prostate cancer. In this review, starting with the description of normal prostate gland anatomy and embryology, we summarize recent studies reporting on how the multiple and simultaneous exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic compounds belonging to EDCs are responsible for an increase in prostate disease incidence in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘‘Federico II’’, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenza Laforgia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘‘Federico II’’, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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3
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Oñate-Celdrán J, Arense-Gonzalo JJ, Mendiola J, Samper-Mateo P, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, García-Escudero D, Torres-Roca M, Vilchez-Costas A, Adoamnei E, Torres-Cantero AM. [Study of anogenital distance as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer]. Rev Int Androl 2019; 17:60-67. [PMID: 31029439 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The distance from the genitals to the anus (anogenital distance [AGD]) reflects androgen concentration during prenatal development in mammals. At the present time, there is only one study suggesting the relationship between AGD and risk of prostate cancer (CaP). The goal of this study was to assess the performance and clinical utility of AGD, as a biomarker of prenatal androgenic milieu, and risk of CaP in a larger population, in CaP diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 260 men seen in a hospital outpatient clinic where underwent a physical and andrological examination and completed a brief questionnaire. CaP patients were confirmed by biopsy of the tumor. Controls were men without CaP seen in the urology outpatient clinic for routine examinations. Two variants of AGD (from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum [AGDAS] and to the cephalad insertion of the penis [AGDAP]) were measured. Parametric and non-parametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (COR) analyses were used to determine relationships between AGD and presence of CaP. RESULTS The highest area under the curve (0.69; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.78 and 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.77) was obtained for the Gleason=7 subgroup with the AGDAS and AGDAP measurement, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 55%, and 91% and 41%, the predictive positive value of 39% and 35% and negative value of 90% and 93% respectively. CONCLUSION AGD may be a useful clinical tool for the CaP diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Oñate-Celdrán
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España.
| | - Julián J Arense-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Grupo de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Grupo de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España
| | - Paula Samper-Mateo
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | | | | | - Marcos Torres-Roca
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Ana Vilchez-Costas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Evdochia Adoamnei
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; Grupo de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, España; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
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Johansson HKL, Schwartz CL, Nielsen LN, Boberg J, Vinggaard AM, Bahl MI, Svingen T. Exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide formulation, but not glyphosate alone, has only minor effects on adult rat testis. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:25-31. [PMID: 30268827 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been suggested to be an endocrine disrupting chemical capable of disrupting male reproduction. There are conflicting data, however, with studies reporting effects from exposure to either glyphosate alone or to herbicide formulations, making comparisons difficult. We assessed rat testis histopathology and androgen function following two weeks exposure to either glyphosate at 2.5 and 25 mg/kg bw/day (5x and 50x Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI, respectively), or equivalent high dose of glyphosate in a herbicide formulation; Glyfonova. We observed no significant effects on testes or testosterone synthesis in rats exposed to glyphosate. Limited effects were observed in rats exposed to Glyfonova, with a small upregulation of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1. We conclude that glyphosate alone has no effect on adult rat testis at exposure levels up to 25 mg/kg bw/day. Glyfonova induced only minor effects on steroidogenic gene expression, likely caused by additives other than glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lindgren Schwartz
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Lene Nørby Nielsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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DiScenza DJ, Smith MA, Intravaia LE, Levine M. Efficient Detection of Phthalate Esters in Human Saliva via Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1471086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana J. DiScenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Melissa A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Axelstad M, Hass U, Scholze M, Christiansen S, Kortenkamp A, Boberg J. EDC IMPACT: Reduced sperm counts in rats exposed to human relevant mixtures of endocrine disrupters. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:139-148. [PMID: 29203468 PMCID: PMC5776667 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human semen quality is declining in many parts of the world, but the causes are ill defined. In rodents, impaired sperm production can be seen with early life exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals, but the effects of combined exposures are not properly investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of early exposure to the painkiller paracetamol and mixtures of human relevant endocrine-disrupting chemicals in rats. One mixture contained four estrogenic compounds; another contained eight anti-androgenic environmental chemicals and a third mixture contained estrogens, anti-androgens and paracetamol. All exposures were administered by oral gavage to time-mated Wistar dams rats (n = 16-20) throughout gestation and lactation. In the postnatal period, testicular histology was affected by the total mixture, and at the end of weaning, male testis weights were significantly increased by paracetamol and the high doses of the total and the anti-androgenic mixture, compared to controls. In all dose groups, epididymal sperm counts were reduced several months after end of exposure, i.e. at 10 months of age. Interestingly, the same pattern of effects was seen for paracetamol as for mixtures with diverse modes of action. Reduced sperm count was seen at a dose level reflecting human therapeutic exposure to paracetamol. Environmental chemical mixtures affected sperm count at the lowest mixture dose indicating an insufficient margin of safety for the most exposed humans. This causes concern for exposure of pregnant women to paracetamol as well as environmental endocrine disrupters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Axelstad
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - U Hass
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - S Christiansen
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - J Boberg
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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de Mello Santos T, da Silveira LTR, Rinaldi JC, Scarano WR, Domeniconi RF. Alterations in prostate morphogenesis in male rat offspring after maternal exposure to Di- n -butyl-phthalate (DBP). Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:254-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Maldonado-Cárceles AB, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Vera-Porras EM, Árense-Gonzalo JJ, Oñate-Celdrán J, Samper-Mateo P, García-Escudero D, Torres-Roca M, Martínez-Díaz F, Mendiola J, Torres-Cantero AM. Anogenital Distance, a Biomarker of Prenatal Androgen Exposure Is Associated With Prostate Cancer Severity. Prostate 2017; 77:406-411. [PMID: 27862129 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the centre of the anus to the genitals, is a sexually dimorphic phenotype in mammals. Experimental studies have shown that AGD is a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure during the masculinisation period of development. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD), as an indirect marker of prenatal hormonal environment, and prostate cancer (PCa) severity. MATERIALS We conducted a cross-sectional study with a total of 120 PCa patients with confirmed biopsy of the tumour from April 2007 to July 2015. Two variants of the anogenital distance were assessed, from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS ) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP ). We compared differences in groups to evaluate the association between AGD measurements and severity of the preoperative biopsy and clinical scores. RESULTS Longer AGDAS was significantly associated with the highest Gleason score (P = 0.015) and D'Amico nomogram (P = 0.048). In contrast, no statistical differences were found in the AGDAP and severity of the preoperative biopsy. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher prenatal androgen exposure is associated with higher severity of PCa. Prostate 77: 406-411, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Maldonado-Cárceles
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo (Murcia), IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eva M Vera-Porras
- Department of Preventive Medicine, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julián J Árense-Gonzalo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julián Oñate-Celdrán
- Department of Urology, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Samper-Mateo
- Department of Urology, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Torres-Roca
- Department of Urology, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo (Murcia), IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo (Murcia), IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, "Reina Sofia", University General Hospital, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Hass U, Christiansen S, Boberg J, Rasmussen MG, Mandrup K, Axelstad M. Low-dose effect of developmental bisphenol A exposure on sperm count and behaviour in rats. Andrology 2016; 4:594-607. [PMID: 27089241 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is widely used in food contact materials and other products and is detected in human urine and blood. Bisphenol A may affect reproductive and neurological development; however, opinion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on bisphenol A (EFSA J, 13, 2015 and 3978) concluded that none of the available studies were robust enough to provide a point of departure for setting a tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A. In the present study, pregnant Wistar rats (n = 17-21) were gavaged from gestation day 7 to pup day 22 with bisphenol A doses of 0, 25 μg, 250 μg, 5 mg or 50 mg/kg bw/day. In the offspring, growth, sexual maturation, weights and histopathology of reproductive organs, oestrus cyclicity and sperm counts were assessed. Neurobehavioural development was investigated using a behavioural testing battery including tests for motor activity, sweet preference, anxiety and spatial learning. Decreased sperm count was found at the lowest bisphenol A dose, that is 25 μg/kg/day, but not at the higher doses. Reproductive organ weight and histology were not affected and no behavioural effects were seen in male offspring. In the female offspring, exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A dose resulted in increased body weight late in life and altered spatial learning in a Morris water maze, indicating masculinization of the brain. Decreased intake of sweetened water was seen in females from the highest bisphenol A dose group, also a possible sign of masculinization. The other investigated endpoints were not significantly affected. In conclusion, the present study using a robust experimental study design, has shown that developmental exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A can cause adverse effects on fertility (decreased sperm count), neurodevelopment (masculinization of spatial learning in females) and lead to increased female body weight late in life. These results suggest that the new EFSA temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg bw/day is not sufficiently protective with regard to endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol A in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hass
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - S Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - J Boberg
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - M G Rasmussen
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - K Mandrup
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - M Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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10
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Cizmas L, Sharma VK, Gray CM, McDonald TJ. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in waters: occurrence, toxicity, and risk. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 13:381-394. [PMID: 28592954 PMCID: PMC5459316 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) are compounds with special physical and chemical properties that address the care of animal and human health. PPCP have been detected in surface water and wastewater in the ng/L to µg/L concentration range worldwide. PPCP ecotoxicity has been studied in a variety of organisms, and multiple methods have been used to assess the risk of PPCP in the environment to ecological health. Here we review the occurrence, effects, and risk assessment of PPCP in aquatic systems, as well as the sustainability of current methods for managing PPCP contamination in aquatic systems. The major points are the following: (1) a number of PPCP present potential concerns at environmentally relevant concentrations. PPCP mixtures may produce synergistic toxicity. (2) Various methods have been used for the ecological risk assessment of PPCP in aquatic systems. There are similarities in these methods, but no consensus has emerged regarding best practices for the ecological risk assessment of these compounds. (3) Human health risk assessments of PPCP contamination in aquatic systems have generally indicated little cause for concern. However, there is a lack of information regarding whether antibiotic contamination in wastewater and aquatic systems could lead to an increase in clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes. (4) Over the next century, the combination of increasing global population size and potential droughts may result in reduced water availability, increased need for water reuse, and increasing concentrations of PPCP in wastewaters. The current wastewater treatment methods do not remove all PPCP effectively. This, coupled with the possibility that antibiotics may promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes, leads to concerns about the sustainability of global water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Cizmas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Virender K. Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Cole M. Gray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Sweeney MF, Hasan N, Soto AM, Sonnenschein C. Environmental endocrine disruptors: Effects on the human male reproductive system. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:341-57. [PMID: 26847433 PMCID: PMC4803593 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Incidences of altered development and neoplasia of male reproductive organs have increased during the last 50 years, as shown by epidemiological data. These data are associated with the increased presence of environmental chemicals, specifically "endocrine disruptors," that interfere with normal hormonal action. Much research has gone into testing the effects of specific endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the development of male reproductive organs and endocrine-related cancers in both in vitro and in vivo models. Efforts have been made to bridge the accruing laboratory findings with the epidemiological data to draw conclusions regarding the relationship between EDCs, altered development and carcinogenesis. The ability of EDCs to predispose target fetal and adult tissues to neoplastic transformation is best explained under the framework of the tissue organization field theory of carcinogenesis (TOFT), which posits that carcinogenesis is development gone awry. Here, we focus on the available evidence, from both empirical and epidemiological studies, regarding the effects of EDCs on male reproductive development and carcinogenesis of endocrine target tissues. We also critique current research methodology utilized in the investigation of EDCs effects and outline what could possibly be done to address these obstacles moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sweeney
- Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - N Hasan
- Program in Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - A M Soto
- Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Program in Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Pathobiology, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - C Sonnenschein
- Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Program in Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Pathobiology, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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