1
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Segalés L, Juanpere N, Gallarín N, Lorenzo M, López D, Perera-Bel J, Rodriguez-Vida A, Fumadó L, Cecchini L, Bellmunt J, Lloreta-Trull J, Hernández-Llodrà S. Immunohistochemical markers as predictors of prognosis in multifocal prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03699-z. [PMID: 38017230 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The impact of tumor focality on prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis has been addressed in several studies with conflicting results. Tumor foci from multifocal (MF) PCa can show highly heterogeneous molecular features. Our aim was to analyze the protein expression of PTEN, SPOP, SLC45A3, ETV1, ERG and the "triple hit" (ERG overexpression, PTEN plus SLC45A3 loss) in unifocal (UF) and MF PCa, to evaluate their value as prognostic markers according to focality, and the role of tumor heterogeneity in MF disease. PTEN, SPOP, SLC45A3, ETV1 and ERG immunohistochemical expression was evaluated in 185 PCa from 9 TMAs, 51 UF and 134 MF. In a subset of 69 MF cases, the dominant and secondary foci (DF and SF) were compared. Heterogeneity was considered when both tumor foci presented different expression patterns. Relationship with clinicopathological features was also analyzed. MF PCa was diagnosed in significantly younger patients when compared to UF ones (p = 0.007). ETV1 overexpression was associated with UF disease (p = 0.028). A shorter time to PSA recurrence was related to SLC45A3 wt expression in UF PCa (p = 0.052), and to SPOP expression loss (p = 0.043) or "triple hit" phenotype in MF PCa (p = 0.041). In MF cases, PTEN loss, SLC45A3 loss and "triple hit" phenotype were associated with the DF and had significant heterogeneity. In conclusion, our results indicate that UF and MF PCa have relevant and consistent molecular differences. The analysis of an immunohistochemical panel, composed by PTEN, SPOP, SLC45A3, ETV1 and ERG, could be useful to predict outcome in MF cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Segalés
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David López
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Liao SY, Rudoy D, Frank SB, Phan LT, Klezovitch O, Kwan J, Coleman I, Haffner MC, Li D, Nelson PS, Emili A, Vasioukhin V. SND1 binds to ERG and promotes tumor growth in genetic mouse models of prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7435. [PMID: 37973913 PMCID: PMC10654515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SND1 and MTDH are known to promote cancer and therapy resistance, but their mechanisms and interactions with other oncogenes remain unclear. Here, we show that oncoprotein ERG interacts with SND1/MTDH complex through SND1's Tudor domain. ERG, an ETS-domain transcription factor, is overexpressed in many prostate cancers. Knocking down SND1 in human prostate epithelial cells, especially those overexpressing ERG, negatively impacts cell proliferation. Transcriptional analysis shows substantial overlap in genes regulated by ERG and SND1. Mechanistically, we show that ERG promotes nuclear localization of SND1/MTDH. Forced nuclear localization of SND1 prominently increases its growth promoting function irrespective of ERG expression. In mice, prostate-specific Snd1 deletion reduces cancer growth and tumor burden in a prostate cancer model (PB-Cre/Ptenflox/flox/ERG mice), Moreover, we find a significant overlap between prostate transcriptional signatures of ERG and SND1. These findings highlight SND1's crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting SND1 as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-You Liao
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dmytro Rudoy
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sander B Frank
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luan T Phan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry & Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dapei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry & Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Liu AJ, Kosiorek HE, Ueberroth BE, Jaeger E, Ledet E, Kendi AT, Tzou K, Quevedo F, Choo R, Moore CN, Ho TH, Singh P, Keole SR, Wong WW, Sartor O, Bryce AH. The impact of genetic aberrations on response to radium-223 treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Prostate 2022; 82:1202-1209. [PMID: 35652618 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radium (Ra)-223 is an established treatment option for patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have symptomatic bone metastases without soft tissue disease. Studies have indicated genetic aberrations that regulate DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer can increase susceptibility to treatments such as poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors and platinum-based therapies. This study aims to evaluate mCRPC response to Ra-223 stratified by tumor genomics. METHODS This is a retrospective study of mCRPC patients who received Ra-223 and genetic testing within the Mayo Clinic database (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) and Tulane Cancer Center. Patient demographics, genetic aberrations, treatment responses in terms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and survival were assessed. Primary end points were ALP and PSA response. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from time of first radium treatment. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven mCRPC patients treated with Ra-223 had germline and/or somatic genetic sequencing. The median age at time of diagnosis and Ra-223 treatment was 61.0 and 68.6 years, respectively. Seventy-nine (62.2%) had Gleason score ≥ 8 at time of diagnosis. 50.4% received prior docetaxel, and 12.6% received prior cabazitaxel. Notable alterations include TP53 (51.7%), BRCA 1/2 (15.0%), PTEN (13.4%), ATM (11.7%), TMPRSS2-ERG (8.2%), RB deletion (3.4%), and CDK12 (1.9%). There was no significant difference in ALP or PSA response among the different genetic aberrations. Patients with a TMPRSS2-ERG mutation exhibited a trend toward lower OS 15.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0-NR) versus 26.8 months (95% CI 20.9-35.1). Patients with an RB deletion had a lower PFS 6.0 months (95% CI 1.28-NR) versus 9.0 months (95% CI 7.3-11.1) and a lower OS 13.9 months (95% CI 5.2-NR) versus 26.5 months (95% CI 19.8-33.8). CONCLUSIONS Among mCRPC patients treated with Ra-223 at Mayo Clinic and Tulane Cancer Center, we did not find any clear negative predictors of biochemical response or survival to treatment. TMPRSS2-ERG and RB mutations were associated with a worse OS. Prospective studies and larger sample sizes are needed to determine the impact of genetic aberrations in response to Ra-223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Liu
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Heidi E Kosiorek
- Mayo Clinic Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ellen Jaeger
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elisa Ledet
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ayse T Kendi
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Choo
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Thai H Ho
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan H Bryce
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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4
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Raspin K, O'Malley DE, Marthick JR, Donovan S, Malley RC, Banks A, Redwig F, Skala M, Dickinson JL, FitzGerald LM. Analysis of a large prostate cancer family identifies novel and recurrent gene fusion events providing evidence for inherited predisposition. Prostate 2022; 82:540-550. [PMID: 34994974 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is strong interest in the characterisation of gene fusions and their use to enhance clinical practices in prostate cancer (PrCa). Significantly, ~50% of prostate tumours harbour a gene fusion. Inherited factors are thought to predispose to these events but, to date, only one study has investigated gene fusions in a familial context. Here, we examined the prevalence and diversity of gene fusions in 14 tumours from a single large PrCa family, PcTas9, using the TruSight® RNA Fusion Panel and Sanger sequencing validation. These fusions were then explored in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PrCa data set (n = 494). Overall, 64.3% of PcTas9 tumours harboured a gene fusion, including known erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) fusions involving ERG and ETV1, and two novel gene fusions, C19orf48:ETV4 and RYBP:FOXP1. Although 3' ETS genes were overexpressed in PcTas9 and TCGA tumour samples, 3' fusion of FOXP1 did not appear to alter its expression. In addition, PcTas9 fusion carriers were more likely to have lower-grade disease than noncarriers (p = 0.02). Likewise, TCGA tumours with high-grade disease were less likely to harbour fusions (p = 0.03). Our study further implicates an inherited predisposition to PrCa gene fusion events, which are associated with less aggressive tumours. This knowledge could lead to clinical strategies to predict men at risk for fusion-positive PrCa and, thus, identify patients who are more or less at risk of aggressive disease and/or responsive to particular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie Raspin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dannielle E O'Malley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - James R Marthick
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Roslyn C Malley
- Hobart Pathology, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Annette Banks
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Frank Redwig
- Department of Urology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Marketa Skala
- WP Holman Clinic, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Joanne L Dickinson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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5
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Li X, Wang CY. From bulk, single-cell to spatial RNA sequencing. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:36. [PMID: 34782601 PMCID: PMC8593179 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) can reveal gene fusions, splicing variants, mutations/indels in addition to differential gene expression, thus providing a more complete genetic picture than DNA sequencing. This most widely used technology in genomics tool box has evolved from classic bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq), popular single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to newly emerged spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq). Bulk RNAseq studies average global gene expression, scRNAseq investigates single cell RNA biology up to 20,000 individual cells simultaneously, while spRNAseq has ability to dissect RNA activities spatially, representing next generation of RNA sequencing. This article highlights these technologies, characteristic features and suitable applications in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Li
- UCLA Technology Center for Genomics & Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Vlajnic T, Brunner P, Eppenberger-Castori S, Rentsch CA, Zellweger T, Bubendorf L. High Inter- and Intratumoral Variability of Ki67 Labeling Index in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer with High Gleason Scores. Pathobiology 2021; 89:74-80. [PMID: 34555829 DOI: 10.1159/000519007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of studies investigating the role of Ki67 labeling index (LI) in prostate carcinoma (PC) focused on localized PC treated radically, where Ki67 LI is regarded as a prognostic marker. The relevance of Ki67 in advanced PC remains largely unexplored. While Gleason score is still one of the best indicators of clinical outcomes in PC, differences in progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with high Gleason scores suggest that additional factors are involved in tumor progression. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could help to optimize treatment strategies for an individual patient. Here, we aimed to determine the inter- and intratumoral distribution of Ki67 LI in patients with PC with high Gleason scores and to correlate Ki67 LI with the status of ERG, PTEN, and Bcl-2. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for Ki67, ERG, PTEN, and Bcl-2 was performed on core needle biopsies from 112 patients with newly diagnosed PC Gleason score 8, 9, and 10. RESULTS Using a cutoff of ≥10%, 17/112 cases (15%) had a homogeneously low and 95/112 cases (85%) a high Ki67 LI. 41% of cases showed intratumoral heterogeneity containing areas with low and high proliferation. There was no association between Ki67 LI and ERG, PTEN, or Bcl-2 status. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate major inter- and intratumoral variability of Ki67 LI in high-grade PC with a surprisingly low Ki67 LI in a subset of cases. Further studies are necessary to explore the molecular basis and potential clinical implications of a paradoxically low proliferation rate in high-grade PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vlajnic
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Brunner
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serenella Eppenberger-Castori
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill A Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Kobelyatskaya AA, Pudova EA, Snezhkina AV, Fedorova MS, Pavlov VS, Guvatova ZG, Savvateeva MV, Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA, Trofimov DY, Sukhikh GT, Nyushko KM, Alekseev BY, Razin SV, Krasnov GS, Kudryavtseva AV. Impact TMPRSS2-ERG Molecular Subtype on Prostate Cancer Recurrence. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:588. [PMID: 34205581 PMCID: PMC8234735 DOI: 10.3390/life11060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, seven molecular subtypes of prostate cancer (PCa) are known, the most common of which being the subtype characterized by the presence of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript. While there is a considerable amount of work devoted to the influence of this transcript on the prognosis of the disease, data on its role in the progression and prognosis of PCa remain controversial. The present study is devoted to the analysis of the association between the TMPRSS2-ERG transcript and the biochemical recurrence of PCa. The study included two cohorts: the RNA-Seq sample of Russian patients with PCa (n = 72) and the TCGA-PRAD data (n = 203). The results of the analysis of the association between the TMPRSS2-ERG transcript and biochemical recurrence were contradictory. The differential expression analysis (biochemical recurrence cases versus biochemical recurrence-free) and the gene set enrichment analysis revealed a list of genes involved in major cellular pathways. The GNL3, QSOX2, SSPO, and SYS1 genes were selected as predictors of the potential prognostic model (AUC = 1.000 for a cohort of Russian patients with PCa and AUC = 0.779 for a TCGA-PRAD cohort).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya A. Kobelyatskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Anastasiya V. Snezhkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Vladislav S. Pavlov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Zulfiya G. Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Maria V. Savvateeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Trofimov
- Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.T.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.T.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Kirill M. Nyushko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia; (K.M.N.); (B.Y.A.)
| | - Boris Y. Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 125284 Moscow, Russia; (K.M.N.); (B.Y.A.)
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.P.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.F.); (V.S.P.); (Z.G.G.); (M.V.S.); (N.V.M.); (A.A.D.); (G.S.K.)
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8
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Schmidt KT, Chau CH, Strope JD, Huitema ADR, Sissung TM, Price DK, Figg WD. Antitumor Activity of NLG207 (Formerly CRLX101) in Combination with Enzalutamide in Preclinical Prostate Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:915-924. [PMID: 33632874 PMCID: PMC8102325 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatments for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following disease progression on enzalutamide are currently an unmet clinical need. Simultaneous inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and androgen receptor (AR) pathways has been previously shown to overcome enzalutamide resistance in vitro Combination treatment with NLG207, a nanoparticle-drug conjugate of camptothecin and inhibitor of HIF-1α, and enzalutamide was evaluated in preclinical prostate cancer models of enzalutamide resistance. The effect of NLG207 and enzalutamide on average tumor volume and tumor re-growth after 3 weeks of treatment was evaluated in vivo using the subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenograft and castrated subcutaneous VCaP xenograft models. Correlative assessments of antitumor activity were evaluated in vitro using cell proliferation and qPCR assays. NLG207 8 mg/kg alone and in combination with enzalutamide reduced average tumor volume by 93% after 3 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05) in comparison with vehicle control in the subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenograft model. Notably, the addition of NLG207 also enhanced the efficacy of enzalutamide alone in the castrated subcutaneous VCaP xenograft model, decreasing the median rate of tumor growth by 51% (P = 0.0001) in comparison with enzalutamide alone. In vitro assessments of cell proliferation and gene expression further demonstrated antitumor activity via AR-HIF-1α crosstalk inhibition. Combination treatment with NLG207 and enzalutamide was shown to be effective in preclinical prostate cancer models of enzalutamide resistance. Clinical investigation of this treatment combination is ongoing (NCT03531827).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Schmidt
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cindy H Chau
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan D Strope
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan M Sissung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas K Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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9
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The Fusion Gene Landscape in Taiwanese Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061343. [PMID: 33809651 PMCID: PMC8002233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human cancer genomes show a variety of alterations, such as single base changes, deletions, insertions, copy number changes, and gene fusions. Analyzing fusion gene transcripts may yield a novel and effective approach for selecting cancer treatments. However, few comprehensive analyses of gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been performed. Here, we characterized the fusion gene landscape of NSCLC in a case study of Taiwanese lung cancer patients. We concluded that some fusion genes likely play driver roles in carcinogenesis, while others act as passengers. We demonstrated that by using RNA-sequencing to detect gene fusion events, putative therapeutic drug targets could be identified, potentially leading to more precise therapies for NSCLC. Abstract Background: Analyzing fusion gene transcripts may yield an effective approach for selecting cancer treatments. However, few comprehensive analyses of fusions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been performed. Methods: We enrolled 54 patients with NSCLC, and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). STAR (Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference)-Fusion was used to identify fusions. Results: Of the 218 fusions discovered, 24 had been reported and the rest were novel. Three fusions had the highest occurrence rates. After integrating our gene expression and fusion data, we found that samples harboring fusions containing ASXL1, CACNA1A, EEF1A1, and RET also exhibited increased expression of these genes. We then searched for mutations and fusions in cancer driver genes in each sample and found that nine patients carried both mutations and fusions in cancer driver genes. Furthermore, we found a trend for mutual exclusivity between gene fusions and mutations in the same gene, with the exception of DMD, and we found that EGFR mutations are associated with the number of fusion genes. Finally, we identified kinase gene fusions, and potentially druggable fusions, which may play roles in lung cancer therapy. Conclusion: The clinical use of RNA-Seq for detecting driver fusion genes may play an important role in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Comparative study of immunohistochemical expression of ERG and MAGI2 in prostatic carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 52:151727. [PMID: 33713943 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is still a problematic issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of ERG immunohistochemical (IHC) expression compared to MAGI2. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 56 cases of PAC and 29 cases of nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH). IHC staining for ERG and MAGI2 was applied to archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks. Semi-quantitative scoring was compared and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and the Ki-67 index. RESULTS Revealed positive ERG in 51.8% of PAC while all NPH cases were negative. On the other hand, MAGI2 was detected in 91.1% of PAC versus 17.2% of NPH. Using ROC curve, the ERG showed 53.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 76.5% diagnostic accuracy (DA) and area under the ROC curve 0.768 in comparison to MAGI2 that showed (91.1%, 86.2%, 88.25% and 0.948 respectively). Analysis of the combined use of the two markers revealed 95% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 94% DA when tested synchronously. Moreover, a statistically significant inverse relationship could be detected between ERG expression and the Gleason grading group (P = 0.01) and Ki-67 index (P < 0.001). In addition, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) adjacent to carcinoma; showed positive expressions in (1/11 cases, 9.11%) for ERG and (6/11 cases, 54%) for MAGI2. CONCLUSION This study recommends using both ERG and MAGI2 in a cocktail for better diagnostic validity of PAC. Only ERG expression could be a good prognostic indicator.
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Lundon DJ, Kelly BD, Shukla D, Bolton DM, Wiklund P, Tewari A. A Decision Aide for the Risk Stratification of GU Cancer Patients at Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19 Related Hospitalization, Intubation, and Mortality. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092799. [PMID: 32872607 PMCID: PMC7563697 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment decisions for both early and advanced genitourinary (GU) malignancies take into account the risk of dying from the malignancy as well as the risk of death due to other causes such as other co-morbidities. COVID-19 is a new additional and immediate risk to a patient’s morbidity and mortality and there is a need for an accurate assessment as to the potential impact on of this syndrome on GU cancer patients. The aim of this work was to develop a risk tool to identify GU cancer patients at risk of diagnosis, hospitalization, intubation, and mortality from COVID-19. A retrospective case showed a series of GU cancer patients screened for COVID-19 across the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS). Four hundred eighty-four had a GU malignancy and 149 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Demographic and clinical variables of >38,000 patients were available in the institutional database and were utilized to develop decision aides to predict a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, as well as COVID-19-related hospitalization, intubation, and death. A risk tool was developed using a combination of machine learning methods and utilized BMI, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. The risk tool for predicting a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 had an AUC of 0.83, predicting hospitalization for management of COVID-19 had an AUC of 0.95, predicting patients requiring intubation had an AUC of 0.97, and for predicting COVID-19-related death, the risk tool had an AUC of 0.79. The models had an acceptable calibration and provided a superior net benefit over other common strategies across the entire range of threshold probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara J. Lundon
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospitals, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.J.L.); (D.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Brian D. Kelly
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (B.D.K.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Devki Shukla
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospitals, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.J.L.); (D.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Damien M. Bolton
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (B.D.K.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Peter Wiklund
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospitals, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.J.L.); (D.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Ash Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospitals, New York, NY 10029, USA; (D.J.L.); (D.S.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Gülhan Ö, Mahi B. The Role of AMACR, CD10, TMPRSS2-ERG, and p27 Protein Expression Among Different Gleason Grades of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma on Needle Biopsy. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2020; 14:1179554920947322. [PMID: 35185351 PMCID: PMC8855389 DOI: 10.1177/1179554920947322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the immunohistochemical expression of α-methyl acyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), CD10, TMPRSS2-ERG, and p27 in prostate adenocarcinoma tumors with different Gleason growth patterns and nonneoplastic prostate tissues to elucidate their roles in prostate carcinogenesis and histological aggressiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 80 archival core biopsy tissues diagnosed as prostate carcinoma, benign prostate hyperplasia, and atrophy cases were included. Immunoreactivity was evaluated by calculating the percentage of positively stained cells and the staining intensity. The mean values and test of significance were obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS We obtained mostly intense immunoreactivity for AMACR, CD10, and ERG in adenocarcinomas. Although no significant differences were noted regarding AMACR and ERG expression, samples with Gleason growth patterns 3 and 5 tended to be strongly positive for ERG. Pattern 3 tumors exhibited the weakest positivity for CD10. The p27 expression was strong and diffuse in nonneoplastic prostate tissues. The loss of p27 expression was more frequent for pattern 5 tumors. CONCLUSION ERG and AMACR were powerful markers to detect cancer. Especially, ERG is evident in early tumors may reflect its interaction with functional androgen receptors in cancer initiation. Pattern 5 tumors associated with stroma may have been exposed to more stromal substrates and upregulate their CD10 content as a protein degrader. We suggest that CD10 expression is associated with an increasing tumor grade. Decreased concentrations of p27 protein might be implicated in prostate carcinogenesis and may be a useful immunohistochemical adjunct in predicting histological aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özdemir Gülhan
- Department of Pathology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Balcı Mahi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Cruz-Hernández CD, Cruz-Burgos M, Cortés-Ramírez SA, Losada-García A, Camacho-Arroyo I, García-López P, Langley E, González-Covarrubias V, Llaguno-Munive M, Albino-Sánchez ME, Cruz-Colín JL, Pérez-Plasencia C, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. SFRP1 increases TMPRSS2-ERG expression promoting neoplastic features in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:312. [PMID: 32694934 PMCID: PMC7364616 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second cause of cancer related death in North American men. Androgens play an important role in its progression by regulating the expression of several genes including fusion ones that results from structural chromosome rearrangements. TMPRSS2-ERG is a fusion gene commonly observed in over 50% of PCa tumors, and its expression can be transcriptionally regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) given its androgen responsive elements. TMPRSS2-ERG could be involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumor development. ERG has been reported as a key transcriptional factor in the AR-ERG-WNT network where five SFRP proteins, structurally similar to WNT ligands and considered to be WNT pathway antagonists, can regulate signaling in the extracellular space by binding to WNT proteins or Frizzled receptors. It has been shown that over-expression of SFRP1 protein can regulate the transcriptional activity of AR and inhibits the formation of colonies in LNCaP cells. However, the effect of SFRP1 has been controversial since differential effects have been observed depending on its concentration and tissue location. In this study, we explored the role of exogenous SFRP1 protein in cells expressing the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Methods To evaluate the effect of exogenous SFRP1 protein on PCa cells expressing TMPRSS2-ERG, we performed in silico analysis from TCGA cohort, expression assays by RT-qPCR and Western blot, cell viability and cell cycle measurements by cytometry, migration and invasion assays by xCELLigance system and murine xenografts. Results We demonstrated that SFRP1 protein increased ERG expression by promoting cellular migration in vitro and increasing tumor growth in vivo in PCa cells with the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Conclusions These results suggest the possible role of exogenous SFRP1 protein as a modulator of AR-ERG-WNT signaling network in cells positive to TMPRSS2-ERG. Further, investigation is needed to determine if SFRP1 protein could be a target in against this type of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Marian Cruz-Burgos
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Cortés-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Alberto Losada-García
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; (UNAM), 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha E Albino-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología celular, CINVESTAV, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - José L Cruz-Colín
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
| | | | - Fredy O Beltrán-Anaya
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Périferico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico city, Mexico
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Plante G, Bories PN, Denjean L, Pigat N, Sibony M, Goffin V, Barry Delongchamps N. [TMPRSS2-Erg/AR-V7: Prognostic value of tests in urine and biopsy rince material in prostate cancer]. Prog Urol 2020; 30:162-171. [PMID: 32127312 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, diagnostic biomarker research is oriented on a genomic characterisation of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated diagnostic values of TMPRSS2-Erg fusion transcripts expression (TE) and androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) on urine (tU) and biopsic rince material (tLRB) samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS TE and AR-V7 have been tested by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR on urine and biopsies' rince liquid on 372 patients referred for prostate biopsies. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-three patients (62%) were diagnosed with PCa. tU.AR-V7 was positive for 15 healthy patients (28%) and 30 patients diagnosed with PCa (37%). tLRB.AR-V7 was positive for 66 patients (42%) diagnosed with PCa. Concerning TE for patients diagnosed with PCa, tU was positive for 59 patients (54%) and tLRB for 132 (55%). TE and TE/AR-V7 combination were significantly associated with PCa (P<0.001), as tLRB.AR-V7 (P<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for TE/AR-V7 combination for PCa were respectively: tU.TE/AR-V7 67% and 70%, tLRB.TE/AR-V7 68.8% and 71%, and, tUtLRB.TE/AR-V7 83% and 60%. There was no benefit for AR-V7 and TE association versus TE alone when comparing AUC. CONCLUSION AR-V7 is not specific of PCa because of detection on healthy patients. This study did not managed to show a sufficient diagnostic value for TE/AR-V7 combination on urine and biospic rince material tests. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Plante
- Service d'urologie, CHU Cochin - Port-Royal, AP-HP, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - P-N Bories
- Service de biologie, CHU Cochin - Port-Royal, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - L Denjean
- Service de biologie, CHU Cochin - Port-Royal, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - N Pigat
- Inserm U1151, INEM, université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M Sibony
- Service d'anatomopathologie, CHU Cochin-Port-Royal, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - V Goffin
- Inserm U1151, INEM, université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - N Barry Delongchamps
- Service d'urologie, CHU Cochin - Port-Royal, AP-HP, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm U1151, INEM, université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Kudryavtseva AV, Lukyanova EN, Kharitonov SL, Nyushko KM, Krasheninnikov AA, Pudova EA, Guvatova ZG, Alekseev BY, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Dmitriev AA, Snezhkina AV, Krasnov GS. Bioinformatic identification of differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis of locally advanced lymph node-positive prostate cancer. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2020; 17:1950003. [PMID: 30866732 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720019500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the primary causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Patients with locally advanced PCa with metastases in regional lymph nodes are usually marked as a high-risk group. One of the chief concerns for this group is to make an informed decision about the necessity of conducting adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy after radical surgical treatment. During the oncogenic transformation and progression of the disease, the expression of many genes is altered. Some of these genes can serve as markers for diagnosis, predicting the prognosis or effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We undertook bioinformatic analysis of the RNA-seq data deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium database to identify possible prognostic markers. We compared the groups with favorable and unfavorable prognosis for the cohort of patients with PCa showing lymph node metastasis (pT2N1M0, pT3N1M0, and pT4N1M0) and for the most common molecular type carrying the fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. For the entire cohort, we revealed at least six potential markers (IDO1, UGT2B15, IFNG, MUC6, CXCL11, and GBP1). Most of these genes are involved in the positive regulation of immune response. For the TMPRSS2-ERG subtype, we also identified six genes, the expression of which may be associated with prognosis: TOB1, GALNT7, INAFM1, APELA, RAC3, and NNMT. The identified genes, after additional studies and validation in the extended cohort, could serve as a prognostic marker of locally advanced lymph node-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kudryavtseva
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena N Lukyanova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey L Kharitonov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill M Nyushko
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Krasheninnikov
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Pudova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Kiseleva
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Snezhkina
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - George S Krasnov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Y08197 is a novel and selective CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1436-1447. [PMID: 31097763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced prostate cancer, CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein) binding protein (CBP) and its homolog EP300 are highly expressed; targeting the bromodomain of CBP is a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. In the current study we identified Y08197, a novel 1-(indolizin-3-yl) ethanone derivative, as a selective inhibitor of CBP/EP300 bromodomain and explored its antitumor activity against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. In the AlphaScreen assay, we demonstrated that Y08197 dose-dependently inhibited the CBP bromodomain with an IC50 value at 100.67 ± 3.30 nM. Y08197 also exhibited high selectivity for CBP/EP300 over other bromodomain-containing proteins. In LNCaP, 22Rv1 and VCaP prostate cancer cells, treatment with Y08197 (1, 5 μM) strongly affected downstream signaling transduction, thus markedly inhibiting the expression of androgen receptor (AR)-regulated genes PSA, KLK2, TMPRSS2, and oncogenes C-MYC and ERG. Notably, Y08197 potently inhibited cell growth in several AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines including LNCaP, 22Rv1, VCaP, and C4-2B. In 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, treatment with Y08197 (1, 4, 16 μM) dose-dependently induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with Y08197 (5 μM) significantly decreased ERG-induced invasive capacity of 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells detected in wound-healing assay and cell migration assay. Taken together, CBP/EP300 inhibitor Y08197 represents a promising lead compound for development as new therapeutics for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Borkowetz A, Froehner M, Rauner M, Conrad S, Erdmann K, Mayr T, Datta K, Hofbauer LC, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Fuessel S, Toma M, Muders MH. Neuropilin‐2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer‐specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2619-2627. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Marietta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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Hernández-Llodrà S, Segalés L, Safont A, Juanpere N, Lorenzo M, Fumadó L, Rodríguez-Vida A, Cecchini L, Bellmunt J, Lloreta-Trull J. SPOP and FOXA1 mutations are associated with PSA recurrence in ERG wt tumors, and SPOP downregulation with ERG-rearranged prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1156-1165. [PMID: 31090082 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERG fusion-related prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most prevalent oncogenic driver subclass. SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 mutations are other three main oncogenic driver subclasses in non-ETS-fusion PrCa. ERG protein levels seem to be increased in SPOP-mutated cases, and different studies reported that SPOP mutations and ERG fusions are mutually exclusive. The aim of this study has been to analyze the alterations in non-ETS-oncogenic drivers in PrCa. METHODS SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH mutations were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger direct sequencing. ERG, SPOP, and TMPRSS2-ERG messenger RNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR from complementary DNA, and the presence of the fusion was also analyzed by nonquantitative PCR. The clinical pathological features were retrieved from the charts of the 111 patients included in the study (MARBiobanc, Barcelona, Spain). RESULTS Loss of SPOP expression (25.2%) was associated with ERG overexpression (P = 0.0036). SPOP mutations were found in 5.4% cases, all with wild-type (wt) ERG (P = 0.007). FOXA1 mutations were found in 8.2% cases, most of them ERG wt (P = 0.06). No IDH1 mutations were found. SPOP or FOXA1 mutations were found in 1.7% of ERG-rearranged, and 34.2% of non-ERG-rearranged cases (P < 0.0001). SPOP or FOXA1 alterations (mutations or expression loss) were significantly more common in GG5, while isolated ERG overexpression was more common in GG1 tumors (P = 0.042). SPOP-or FOXA1-mutated cases were associated with a shorter time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in the univariate (P = 0.0009), and with the PSA recurrence risk in the multivariate (P = 0.023) analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SPOP and FOXA1 mutations may have prognostic value in ERG wt tumors. Interestingly, in absence of SPOP mutations, downregulation of this gene is a feature of many ERG-rearranged prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Segalés
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainara Safont
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodríguez-Vida
- Department of Oncology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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Immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) in prostate cancer: correlation with grade groups (WHO 2016) and ERG and PTEN status. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:223-231. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Segalés L, Juanpere N, Lorenzo M, Albero-González R, Fumadó L, Cecchini L, Bellmunt J, Lloreta-Trull J, Hernández-Llodrà S. Strong cytoplasmic ETV1 expression has a negative impact on prostate cancer outcome. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:457-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Rezk M, Chandra A, Addis D, Møller H, Youssef M, Dasgupta P, Yamamoto H. ETS-related gene ( ERG) expression as a predictor of oncological outcomes in patients with high-grade prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025161. [PMID: 30852544 PMCID: PMC6429920 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether ETS-related gene (ERG) expression can be used as a biomarker to predict biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer-specific death in patients with high Gleason grade prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as monotherapy. METHODS A multicentre retrospective cohort study identifying 149 patients treated with primary ADT for metastatic or non-metastatic prostate cancer with Gleason score 8-10 between 1999 and 2006. Patients planned for adjuvant radiotherapy at diagnosis were excluded. Age at diagnosis, ethnicity, prostate-specific antigen and Charlson-comorbidity score were recorded. Prostatic tissue acquired at biopsy or transurethral resection surgery was assessed for immunohistochemical expression of ERG. Failure of ADT defined as prostate specific antigen nadir +2. Vital status and death certification data determined using the UK National Cancer Registry. Primary outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer specific survival (CSS). Secondary outcome was biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS). RESULTS The median OS of our cohort was 60.2 months (CI 52.0 to 68.3). ERG expression observed in 51/149 cases (34%). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed no significant association between ERG expression and OS (p=0.41), CSS (p=0.92) and BRFS (p=0.31). Cox regression analysis showed Gleason score (p=0.003) and metastatic status (p<1×10-5) to be the only significant predictors of prostate CSS. CONCLUSIONS No significant association was found between ERG status and any of our outcome measures. Despite a limited sample size, our results suggest that ERG does not appear to be a useful biomarker in predicting response to ADT in patients with high risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rezk
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Kings College London, London, UK
- Intensive Care Unit, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, UK
| | - Ashish Chandra
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Addis
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Henrik Møller
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology & Populational Health, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mina Youssef
- General Surgery Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Hide Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Urology, Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone, UK
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22
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Nicholas TR, Strittmatter BG, Hollenhorst PC. Oncogenic ETS Factors in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:409-436. [PMID: 31900919 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is unique among carcinomas in that a fusion gene created by a chromosomal rearrangement is a common driver of the disease. The TMPRSS2/ERG rearrangement drives aberrant expression of the ETS family transcription factor ERG in 50% of prostate tumors. Similar rearrangements promote aberrant expression of the ETS family transcription factors ETV1 and ETV4 in another 10% of cases. Together, these three ETS factors are thought to promote tumorigenesis in the majority of prostate cancers. A goal of precision medicine is to be able to apply targeted therapeutics that are specific to disease subtypes. ETS gene rearrangement positive tumors represent the largest molecular subtype of prostate cancer, but to date there is no treatment specific to this marker. In this chapter we will review the latest findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of ETS factor function in the prostate. These molecular details may provide a path towards new therapeutic targets for this subtype of prostate cancer. Further, we will describe efforts to target the oncogenic functions of ETS family transcription factors directly as well as indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brady G Strittmatter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Peter C Hollenhorst
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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23
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Uhlirova D, Stankova M, Docekalova M, Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Ruzicka J, Fernandez C, Milnerowicz H, Kizek R. A Rapid Method for the Detection of Sarcosine Using SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs for Prostate Cancer Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3722. [PMID: 30467297 PMCID: PMC6320840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcosine is an amino acid that is formed by methylation of glycine and is present in trace amounts in the body. Increased sarcosine concentrations in blood plasma and urine are manifested in sarcosinemia and in some other diseases such as prostate cancer. For this purpose, sarcosine detection using the nanomedicine approach was proposed. In this study, we have prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with different modified surface area. Nanoparticles (NPs) were modified by chitosan (CS), and sarcosine oxidase (SOX). SPIONs without any modification were taken as controls. Methods and Results: The obtained NPs were characterized by physicochemical methods. The size of the NPs determined by the dynamic light scattering method was as follows: SPIONs/Au/NPs (100⁻300 nm), SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs (300⁻700 nm), and SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs (600⁻1500 nm). The amount of CS deposited on the NP surface was found to be 48 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs and 39 mg/mL for SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs, and repeatability varied around 10%. Pseudo-peroxidase activity of NPs was verified using sarcosine, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. For TMB, all NPs tested evinced substantial pseudo-peroxidase activity at 650 nm. The concentration of SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs in the reaction mixture was optimized to 0⁻40 mg/mL. Trinder reaction for sarcosine detection was set up at 510 nm at an optimal reaction temperature of 37 °C and pH 8.0. The course of the reaction was linear for 150 min. The smallest amount of NPs that was able to detect sarcosine was 0.2 mg/well (200 µL of total volume) with the linear dependence y = 0.0011x - 0.0001 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.9992, relative standard deviation (RSD) 6.35%, limit of detection (LOD) 5 µM. The suggested method was further validated for artificial urine analysis (r = 0.99, RSD 21.35%, LOD 18 µM). The calculation between the detected and applied concentrations showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.99). NPs were tested for toxicity and no significant growth inhibition was observed in any model system (S. cerevisiae, S. aureus, E. coli). The hemolytic activity of the prepared NPs was similar to that of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control. The reaction system was further tested on real urine specimens. Conclusion: The proposed detection system allows the analysis of sarcosine at micromolar concentrations and to monitor changes in its levels as a potential prostate cancer marker. The whole system is suitable for low-cost miniaturization and point-of-care testing technology and diagnostic systems. This system is simple, inexpensive, and convenient for screening tests and telemedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Uhlirova
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Stankova
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Docekalova
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Bozena Hosnedlova
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Ruzicka
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, UK.
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Research and Development, Prevention Medicals, Tovarni 342, 742 13 Studenka-Butovice, Czech Republic.
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Gümrükcü G, Celik BO, Çalişkan S, Ökzara S, Koca O, Tosun C, Önenerk AM, Aker F. The positive immunostaining of TMPRSS2-ERG is not associated with unfavourable outcomes and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in Turkish patients. Cent European J Urol 2018; 71:276-279. [PMID: 30386647 PMCID: PMC6202621 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2018.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and a major significant health problem amongst men in the world. Radical prostatectomy with open, laparoscopic and robotic techniques is the gold standard treatment for localized and local advanced disease. There are some risk factors including gleason score, T stage and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level to predict the biochemical recurrence. We investigated the association with biochemical recurrence and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in patients who were treated with open radical prostatectomy. Material and methods The expression of TMPRSS2:ERG was defined as positive (Group 1) and negative (Group 2). The positive staining of the patients is classified into three groups; weak positive, moderate positive and strong positive. In the statistical analyses; chi squared test and Mann Whitney U were used and p <0.05 was defined as statistical significance. Results The present study includes 87 patients, 32 and 55 patients were in group 1 and 2 respectively. The mean age of the patients was 62.81 +5.55 and 64.45 +5.18 in the groups without significant difference. Extraprostatic extension was reported in 27 patients; 11 of these patients were in group 1 and 16 patients were in group 2 (p = 0.60). Biochemical recurrence was detected in 15 patients. Of these patients, 5 were in group 1 and 10 were in group 2 (p = 0.76). Conclusions The current study found no association between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and biochemical recurrence and unfavourable pathological results in Turkish patients. Further research including a large number of patients from different regions of Turkey is needed to investigate the ERG status and biochemical recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülistan Gümrükcü
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Onamay Celik
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Çalişkan
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selvinaz Ökzara
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Koca
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cağatay Tosun
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Mine Önenerk
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fügen Aker
- Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Xiao ZG, Zou C, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wu D, Yu S, Chan FL. Nuclear receptor ERRα and transcription factor ERG form a reciprocal loop in the regulation of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:6259-6274. [PMID: 30042415 PMCID: PMC6265259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The TMPRSS2:ERG (T:E) fusion gene is generally believed to be mainly regulated by the activated androgen receptor (AR) signaling in androgen-dependent prostate cancer. However, its persistent expression in castration-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancers implies that other transcription factors might also regulate its expression. Here, we showed that up-regulation of nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) was closely associated with the oncogenic transcription factor ERG expression in prostate cancer, and their increased coexpression patterns were closely associated with high Gleason scores and metastasis in patients. Both ERRα and ERG exhibited a positive expression correlation in a castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenograft model VCaP-CRPC. We showed that ERRα could directly transactivate T:E fusion gene in both AR-positive and -negative prostate cancer cells via both ERR-binding element- and AR-binding element-dependent manners. Ectopic T:E expression under ERRα regulation could promote both in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis capacities of AR-negative prostatic cells. Intriguingly, ERG expressed by the T:E fusion could also transactivate the ERRα (ESRRA) gene. Hereby, ERRα and ERG can synergistically regulate each other and form a reciprocal regulatory loop to promote the advanced growth of prostate cancer. Inhibition of ERRα activity by ERRα inverse agonist could suppress T:E expression in prostate cancer cells, implicating that targeting ERRα could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating the aggressive T:E-positive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhan Gang Xiao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chang Zou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Boldrini L, Bartoletti R, Giordano M, Manassero F, Selli C, Panichi M, Galli L, Farci F, Faviana P. C-MYC, HIF-1α, ERG, TKT, and GSTP1: an Axis in Prostate Cancer? Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1423-1429. [PMID: 30357756 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To analyze putative biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCA) characterization, the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men. Quantification of the expression level of c-myc and HIF-1α was performed in 72 prostate cancer specimens. A cohort of 497 prostate cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was further analyzed, in order to test our hypothesis. We found that high c-myc level was significantly associated with HIF-1α elevated expression (p = 0.008) in our 72 samples. Statistical analysis of 497 TCGA prostate cancer specimens confirmed the strong association (p = 0.0005) of c-myc and HIF-1α expression levels, as we found in our series. Moreover, we found high c-myc levels significantly associated with low Glutatione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) expression (p = 0.01), with high Transketolase (TKT) expression (p < 0.0001). High TKT levels were found in TCGA samples with low GSTP1 mRNA (p < 0.0001), as shown for c-myc, and with ERG increased expression (p = 0.02). Finally, samples with low GSTP1 expression displayed higher ERG mRNA levels than samples with high GSTP1 score (p < 0.0001), as above shown for c-myc. Our study emphasizes the notion of a potential value of HIF-1α and c-myc as putative biomarkers in prostate cancer; moreover TCGA data analysis showed a putative crosstalk between c-myc, HIF-1α, ERG, TKT, and GSTP1, suggesting a potential use of this axis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - R Bartoletti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Giordano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Manassero
- Division of Urology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Selli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Panichi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Galli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Farci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Carneiro A, Barbosa ÁRG, Takemura LS, Kayano PP, Moran NKS, Chen CK, Wroclawski ML, Lemos GC, da Cunha IW, Obara MT, Tobias-Machado M, Sowalsky AG, Bianco B. The Role of Immunohistochemical Analysis as a Tool for the Diagnosis, Prognostic Evaluation and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Oncol 2018; 8:377. [PMID: 30280090 PMCID: PMC6153326 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease that lends itself toward numerous therapeutic options depending on its risk stratification. One of the greatest challenges in PCa urologic practice is to select patients who should be referred for biopsy and, for those patients who are diagnosed with cancer, to differentiate between patients with indolent disease from those with an unfavorable prognosis and, to determine ideal patient management and avoid unnecessary interventions. Accordingly, there is a growing body of literature reporting immunohistochemical studies with the objective of determining a prostate cancer prognosis. Among the most frequent biomarkers studied are Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG. Based on these findings, we systematically reviewed articles that assessed the role of these main prognostic markers in prostate cancer. Methods: Consistent with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search throughout the Web of Science and PubMed Medline databases. We considered all types of studies evaluating the role of Ki-67, p53, PTEN, MYC, and ERG immunohistochemical analysis in prostate cancer until July 2017. Results: We identified 361 articles, 44 of which were summarized in this review. Diagnostically, no single immunohistochemical marker was able to define a tumor as benign or malignant. Prognostically, Ki-67, p53, and MYC were related to the tumor grade given by Gleason score and to the tumor stage (higher levels related to higher tumor grade). Furthermore, Ki-67 was also related to higher PSA levels, shorter disease-free intervals and shorter tumor-specific survival; the latter was also related to p53. The loss of PTEN protein expression showed a higher association with biochemical recurrence and with a worse prognosis, beyond that predicted by the Gleason score and tumor stage. ERG staining also showed a strong association with biochemical recurrence. Conclusion: There are several studies relating immunohistochemical markers with clinical-laboratorial outcomes in prostate cancer, the most frequent being Ki-67, p53, ERG, PTEN, and MYC. However, none of these markers have been validated by literary consensus to be routinely applied in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Carneiro
- Department of Urology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Ko Chen
- Department of Urology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Langer Wroclawski
- Department of Urology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Takeo Obara
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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28
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Brandi F, Grupp K, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Lang D, Minner S, Möller-Koop C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Tsourlakis MC, Wittmer C, Jacobsen F, Huland H, Steurer S, Lebok P, Hinsch A, Wilczak W, Schlomm T, Simon R. High concordance of TMPRSS-ERG fusion between primary prostate cancer and its lymph node metastases. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6238-6244. [PMID: 30333886 PMCID: PMC6176457 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of prostate cancer types harbor the transmembrane protease, serine 2: Erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) fusion, resulting in oncogenic expression of the ERG transcription factor. ERG represents an attractive target for potential future anticancer therapy in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. To better understand whether the analysis of the primary cancer is sufficient to estimate the ERG expression status of the lymph node metastases, the present study examined patterns of immunohistochemical ERG expression in a tissue microarray created from multiple primary and metastatic sites of 77 prostate cancer tissues. Among the identified tumor types, 80% were either entirely ERG-positive (38%) or ERG-negative (42%) across all (at least 9) analyzed different tumor sites. The results were heterogeneous in 20% of the tumor types and typically resulted from small ERG-negative areas within otherwise ERG-positive tumor types. Comparison of the ERG expression status in 51 primary cancer types with at least three interpretable lymph node metastases revealed an entirely identical ERG status in all tumor sites in 75% of the cases, including 16 ERG-positive and 22 ERG-negative cancer types. The remaining 13 cancer types exhibited ERG heterogeneity within the primary tumor, while all metastases had an identical (12 positive and 1 negative) ERG status. The results of the present study revealed a high degree of concordance of the ERG expression status between primary prostate cancer types and their lymph node metastases. Therefore, potential anti-ERG therapy may also be effective against lymph node metastases in the majority of cases of ERG-positive metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Brandi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Dagmar Lang
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
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Fry EA, Mallakin A, Inoue K. Translocations involving ETS family proteins in human cancer. INTEGRATIVE CANCER SCIENCE AND THERAPEUTICS 2018; 5:10.15761/ICST.1000281. [PMID: 30542624 PMCID: PMC6287620 DOI: 10.15761/icst.1000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ETS transcription factors regulate expression of genes involved in normal cell development, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, consisting of 28 family members in humans. Dysregulation of these transcription factors facilitates cell proliferation in cancers, and several members participate in invasion and metastasis by activating certain gene transcriptions. ETS1 and ETS2 are the founding members of the ETS family and regulate transcription by binding to ETS sequences. Three chimeric genes involving ETS genes have been identified in human cancers, which are EWS-FLI1 in Ewing's sarcoma, TMPRSS2-ERG in prostate cancer, and ETV6-RUNX1 in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Although these fusion transcripts definitely contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, the impact of these fusion transcripts on patients' prognosis is highly controversial. In the present review, the roles of ETS protein translocations in human carcinogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | | | - Kazushi Inoue
- Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Liu D, Takhar M, Alshalalfa M, Erho N, Shoag J, Jenkins RB, Karnes RJ, Ross AE, Schaeffer EM, Rubin MA, Trock B, Klein EA, Den RB, Tomlins SA, Spratt DE, Davicioni E, Sboner A, Barbieri CE. Impact of the SPOP Mutant Subtype on the Interpretation of Clinical Parameters in Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 30761387 PMCID: PMC6370327 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular characterization of prostate cancer, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, has revealed distinct subtypes with underlying genomic alterations. One of these core subtypes, SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) mutant prostate cancer, has previously only been identifiable via DNA sequencing, which has made the impact on prognosis and routinely used risk stratification parameters unclear. Methods We have developed a novel gene expression signature, classifier (Subclass Predictor Based on Transcriptional Data), and decision tree to predict the SPOP mutant subclass from RNA gene expression data and classify common prostate cancer molecular subtypes. We then validated and further interrogated the association of prostate cancer molecular subtypes with pathologic and clinical outcomes in retrospective and prospective cohorts of 8,158 patients. Results The subclass predictor based on transcriptional data model showed high sensitivity and specificity in multiple cohorts across both RNA sequencing and microarray gene expression platforms. We predicted approximately 8% to 9% of cases to be SPOP mutant from both retrospective and prospective cohorts. We found that the SPOP mutant subclass was associated with lower frequency of positive margins, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion at prostatectomy; however, SPOP mutant cancers were associated with higher pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The association between SPOP mutant status and higher PSA level was validated in three independent cohorts. Despite high pretreatment PSA, the SPOP mutant subtype was associated with a favorable prognosis with improved metastasis-free survival, particularly in patients with high-risk preoperative PSA levels. Conclusion Using a novel gene expression model and a decision tree algorithm to define prostate cancer molecular subclasses, we found that the SPOP mutant subclass is associated with higher preoperative PSA, less adverse pathologic features, and favorable prognosis. These findings suggest a paradigm in which the interpretation of common risk stratification parameters, particularly PSA, may be influenced by the underlying molecular subtype of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandeep Takhar
- GenomeDx Bioscience, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nicholas Erho
- GenomeDx Bioscience, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A Rubin
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Robert B Den
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Bioscience, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
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Singh KP, Miaskowski C, Dhruva AA, Flowers E, Kober KM. Mechanisms and Measurement of Changes in Gene Expression. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:369-382. [PMID: 29706088 PMCID: PMC6346310 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418772161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on gene expression (GE) provides insights into the physiology of a cell or group of cells at a given point in time. Studies of changes in GE can be used to identify patients at higher risk for various medical conditions, a higher symptom burden, and/or the adverse consequences associated with various treatments. The aims of this article are as follows: (1) to describe the different types of RNA transcripts, (2) to describe the processes involved in GE (i.e., RNA transcription, epigenetics, and posttranscriptional modifications), (3) to describe common sources of variation in GE, (4) to describe the most common methods used to measure GE, and (5) to discuss factors to consider when choosing tissue for a GE study. This article begins with an overview of the mechanisms involved in GE. Then, the factors that can influence the findings from GE experiments (e.g., tissue specificity, host age, host gender, and time of sample collection) are described and potential solutions are presented. This article concludes with a discussion of how the types of tissue used in GE studies can affect study findings. Given that the costs associated with the measurement of changes in GE are decreasing and the methods to analyze GE data are becoming easier to use, nurse scientists need to understand the basic principles that underlie any GE study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal P. Singh
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anand A. Dhruva
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kord M. Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Smits M, Mehra N, Sedelaar M, Gerritsen W, Schalken JA. Molecular biomarkers to guide precision medicine in localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 28635333 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1345627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major advances through tumor profiling technologies, that include next-generation sequencing, epigenetic, proteomic and transcriptomic methods, have been made in primary prostate cancer, providing novel biomarkers that may guide precision medicine in the near future. Areas covered: The authors provided an overview of novel molecular biomarkers in tissue, blood and urine that may be used as clinical tools to assess prognosis, improve selection criteria for active surveillance programs, and detect disease relapse early in localized prostate cancer. Expert commentary: Active surveillance (AS) in localized prostate cancer is an accepted strategy in patients with very low-risk prostate cancer. Many more patients may benefit from watchful waiting, and include patients of higher clinical stage and grade, however selection criteria have to be optimized and early recognition of transformation from localized to lethal disease has to be improved by addition of molecular biomarkers. The role of non-invasive biomarkers is challenging the need for repeat biopsies, commonly performed at 1 and 4 years in men under AS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke Smits
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Sedelaar
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Winald Gerritsen
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- a Department of Urology and Oncology , Radboud Universiteit , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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Ullman D, Dorn D, Rais-Bahrami S, Gordetsky J. Clinical Utility and Biologic Implications of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and ETS-related Gene (ERG) in Prostate Cancer. Urology 2017; 113:59-70. [PMID: 29225123 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and ETS-related gene (ERG) mutations are commonly found in prostate cancer. Although mouse studies have demonstrated that PTEN and ERG cooperatively interact during tumorigenesis, human studies examining these genes have been inconclusive. A systematic PubMed search including original articles assessing the pathogenesis of PTEN and ERG in prostate cancer was performed. Studies examining ERG's prognostic significance have conflicting results. Studies examining PTEN and ERG simultaneously found these genes are likely to occur together, but cooperative tumorigenesis functions have not been conclusively established. PTEN mutations are associated with a range of prognostic features. However, the practical clinical utility of this information remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ullman
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David Dorn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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Edwards DR, Moroz K, Zhang H, Mulholland D, Abdel-Mageed AB, Mondal D. PRL‑3 increases the aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer cells in vitro and its expression correlates with high-grade prostate tumors in patients. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:402-412. [PMID: 29207031 PMCID: PMC5741371 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) has been shown to be associated with the aggressive and metastatic phenotype of different solid tumors. However, it is not known whether PRL-3 plays a similar role in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, immunoblot analysis of androgen receptor (AR)-positive PCa lines (LNCaP and LNCaP-SF) revealed the constitutive cytoplasmic expression of PRL-3, and stimulation with R1881 (AR agonist) rapidly increased the nuclear translocation of PRL-3. The AR-negative cell lines exhibited negligible PRL-3 expression, and the ectopic overexpression of PRL-3 increased both the proliferative and invasive potential of PC3 and DU145 cells. In addition, we measured PRL-3 protein expression in human prostate tumor sections. A high-density prostate tumor microarray (TMA) was immunostained to assess whether PRL-3 expression and its subcellular localization (cytoplasmic and nuclear levels) is associated with the Gleason score (GS), Gleason grade (GG) and tumor stage (T-stage). Digital image analysis (DIA) revealed that PRL-3 expression was significantly higher in the malignant cores, as compared to the non-malignant areas. Increases in both total and nuclear PRL-3 levels were also associated with a higher GS and GG. Metastatic tumors (T4-stage) had lower cytoplasmic, but higher nuclear PRL-3 levels. Furthermore, the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio for PRL-3 in the tumors graded as GS7 could effectively distinguish between indolent (3+4) and aggressive (4+3) disease. Thus, our experiments using PCa lines suggested that PRL-3 is an AR-regulated gene and its androgen-induced nuclear localization may increase the aggressive behavior of PCa cells. Furthermore, the digital analysis of immunostained tumor sections suggested that PRL-3 may be an effective biomarker of high-grade PCa, and its nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio may be used to distinguish between indolent vs. aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David Mulholland
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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35
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Jefferies MT, Pope CS, Kynaston HG, Clarke AR, Martin RM, Adams JC. Analysis of Fascin-1 in Relation to Gleason Risk Classification and Nuclear ETS-Related Gene Status of Human Prostate Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study of Clinically Annotated Tumours From the Wales Cancer Bank. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2017; 9:1179299X17710944. [PMID: 28607544 PMCID: PMC5457026 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x17710944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can identify early-stage prostate cancers, additional biomarkers are needed for risk stratification. In one study, high levels of the actin-bundling protein, fascin-1, were correlated with lethal-phase, hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Analyses of independent samples are needed to establish the value of fascin-1 as a possible biomarker. We examined fascin-1 by immunohistochemistry in tumour specimens from the Wales Cancer Bank in comparison with nuclear-located ETS-related gene (ERG), an emerging marker for aggressive prostate cancer. Fascin-1 was elevated in focal areas of a minority of tumours, yet fascin-1-positivity did not differentiate tumours of low-, intermediate-, or high-risk Gleason scores and did not correlate with PSA status or biochemical relapse after surgery. Stromal fascin-1 correlated with high Gleason score. Nuclear ERG was upregulated in tumours but not in stroma. The complexities of fascin-1 status indicate that fascin-1 is unlikely to provide a suitable biomarker for prediction of aggressive prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Jefferies
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Howard G Kynaston
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan R Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutritional Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Hernández-Llodrà S, Juanpere N, de Muga S, Lorenzo M, Gil J, Font-Tello A, Agell L, Albero-González R, Segalés L, Merino J, Serrano L, Fumadó L, Cecchini L, Lloreta-Trull J. ERG overexpression plus SLC45A3 (prostein) and PTEN expression loss: Strong association of the triple hit phenotype with an aggressive pathway of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74106-74118. [PMID: 29088771 PMCID: PMC5650326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS2 and SLC45A3 rearrangements may coexist in the same tumor. ERG rearrangements and PTEN loss are concomitant events in prostate cancer (PrCa), and can cooperate in progression. We have reported that mRNA expression of TMPRSS2-ERG and SLC45A3-ERG rearrangements plus PTEN loss define an aggressive tumor subset. The aim of this study has been to validate these results by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of tumors. ERG, SLC45A3 and PTEN immunostaining and their association with pathological features and PSA progression-free survival were analyzed in 220 PrCa (PSMAR-Biobank, Barcelona, Spain). ERG protein expression was found in 46.8% and SLC45A3 and PTEN loss in 30% and 34% tumors, respectively. Single ERG positive immunostaining was associated with GS = 6 tumors (p = 0.016), double ERG+/PTEN loss with GS = 7 (p = 0.008) and Grade Group 2 (GG) or GG3 cases (p = 0.042), ERG+/SLC45A3 loss/PTEN loss ("triple hit") with GS ≥ 8 (p < 0.0001) and GG4 or GG5 tumors (p = 0.0003). None of GS = 6 nor = GG1 cases showed this combination. In the GS ≥ 8 group, ERG+ (p = 0.002), PTEN loss (p = 0.009) and "triple hit" (p = 0.003) were associated with Gleason pattern 3 component, and single SLC45A3 loss (p = 0.036) with GS ≥ 8 without pattern 3. The number of aberrant events and the triple hit were strongly associated with shorter PSA progression-free survival. In GS = 6 PrCa, single ERG+ was also associated with progression. ERG+ identifies a distinct pathway of PrCa. Additional assessment of PTEN and SLC45A3 adds relevant prognostic information. The triple hit phenotype (ERG+/SLC45A3 loss/PTEN loss) is associated with progression and could be used for patient stratification, treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Juanpere
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Muga
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Agell
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Segalés
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta-Trull
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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Dvorak P, Pesta M, Soucek P. ABC gene expression profiles have clinical importance and possibly form a new hallmark of cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699800. [PMID: 28468577 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette proteins constitute a large family of active transporters through extracellular and intracellular membranes. Increased drug efflux based on adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein activity is related to the development of cancer cell chemoresistance. Several articles have focused on adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette gene expression profiles (signatures), based on the expression of all 49 human adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette genes, in individual tumor types and reported connections to established clinicopathological features. The aim of this study was to test our theory about the existence of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette gene expression profiles common to multiple types of tumors, which may modify tumor progression and provide clinically relevant information. Such general adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette profiles could constitute a new attribute of carcinogenesis. Our combined cohort consisted of tissues from 151 cancer patients-breast, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas. Standard protocols for RNA isolation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were followed. Gene expression data from individual tumor types as well as a merged tumor dataset were analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Several general adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette profiles, with differences in gene functions, were established and shown to have significant relations to clinicopathological features such as tumor size, histological grade, or clinical stage. Genes ABCC7, A3, A8, A12, and C8 prevailed among the most upregulated or downregulated ones. In conclusion, the results supported our theory about general adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette gene expression profiles and their importance for cancer on clinical as well as research levels. The presence of ABCC7 (official symbol CFTR) among the genes with key roles in the profiles supports the emerging evidence about its crucial role in various cancers. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dvorak
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pesta
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- 2 Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Abdel-Hady A, El-Hindawi A, Hammam O, Khalil H, Diab S, El-Aziz SA, Badawy M, Ismail A, Helmy N, Kamel N, Anis S, Kholy AE, Osili KA, Abdel-Hady A, Nour H, Akl M. Expression of ERG Protein and TMRPSS2-ERG Fusion in Prostatic Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:147-154. [PMID: 28507619 PMCID: PMC5420765 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancers in men worldwide. Its incidence can be influenced by several risk factors including genetic susceptibility. Therefore the search for the expression of a certain gene (ERG) and its rearrangement could give us clues for proper identification of PCa. And the study of ERG expression and its comparison to FISH in Egyptian patients can show whether ERG immunophenotype could be used instead of FISH, as it is cheaper. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on 85 cases of PCa, showing 30 cases with HGPIN and 30 cases of prostatic hyperplasia. All were immunohistochemistry stained using ERG monoclonal rabbit antihuman antibody was used (clone: EP111). FISH analysis was performed in 38 biopsies of PCa cases to detect TMRPSS2-ERG rearrangement using the FISH ZytoLight TriCheck Probe (SPEC TMRPSS2-ERG). RESULTS ERG expression was found in 26% of PCa cases and 20% of HGPIN cases. FISH analysis showed fusion of 21 cases of PCa (out of 22 cases showing ERG immunoexpression). CONCLUSION Our findings emphasise that only malignant and pre-malignant cells and not benign cells from the prostate stain positive. ERG expression may offer a simpler, accurate and less costly alternative for evaluation of ERG fusion status in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olfat Hammam
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Khalil
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Diab
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Badawy
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Helmy
- National Research Center El Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nora Kamel
- National Research Center El Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shady Anis
- Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr El Kholy
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid Al Osili
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf Abdel-Hady
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hani Nour
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Akl
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
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39
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Cullen J, Young D, Chen Y, Degon M, Farrell J, Sedarsky J, Baptiste W, Rosen P, Tolstikov V, Kiebish M, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Kuo HC, Moncur JT, Rosner IL, Narain N, Akmaev V, Petrovics G, Dobi A, McLeod DG, Srivastava S, Sesterhenn IA. Predicting Prostate Cancer Progression as a Function of ETS-related Gene Status, Race, and Obesity in a Longitudinal Patient Cohort. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 4:818-824. [PMID: 28753864 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETS-related gene (ERG) oncogenic activation is the most common genomic alteration in prostate cancer (CaP) although it occurs less frequently in African American (AA) versus Caucasian (CA) patients, and the potential role of ERG as a prognostic marker has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to confirm strong racial variation in the prevalence of ERG oncoprotein expression and to examine ERG oncoprotein expression, race, and body mass index as independent and joint predictors of CaP biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study of CA and AA CaP patients enrolled at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, who donated clinically annotated, whole-mounted, prostatectomy specimens between 1994 and 2014 following RP, was conducted. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimation curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine time to BCR as a function of ERG status, patient race, and obesity. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among 930 eligible patients (36.1% AA and 63.9% CA), with 155 (16.7%) BCR events and a median follow-up time of 5.1 yr, ERG oncoprotein expression was significantly less prevalent in index tumors of AA versus CA patients (23.2% vs 49.3%; p<0.0001). KM curves showed significantly poorer BCR-free survival for CA patients with ERG-negative index tumors but not for AA patients. Race-stratified multivariable analyses revealed a significant association between ERG-negative index tumors and poorer BCR-free survival among CA patients (hazards ratio=1.67, confidence interval=1.07, 2.61; p=0.024). Less heterogeneity in ERG expression among AA patients may reduce the ability to show its association with BCR. CONCLUSIONS Striking racial variation in ERG oncoprotein expression was confirmed. A novel observation was the importance of index tumor ERG-negative status in predicting CaP progression for CA patients. PATIENT SUMMARY ETS-related gene (ERG) typing of tumors may be useful in prognosticating prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Degon
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Farrell
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Sedarsky
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wagner Baptiste
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Rosen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob Kagan
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huai-Ching Kuo
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel T Moncur
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inger L Rosner
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G McLeod
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Urology Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabell A Sesterhenn
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Liu X, Xue M. Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis Significance of ERG Methylation as a Biomarker in Down's Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:398-404. [PMID: 28111453 PMCID: PMC5282964 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down’s syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease with chromosome abnormality due to the increasing chromosome 21. This study focused on the clinical application value of ERG methylation level in blood of pregnant women as a biomarker in Down’s syndrome. Material/Methods The sham group consisted of 210 nonpregnant women, the positive control group consisted of 33 women with a delivery history of DS fetus, and the negative control group consisted of 60 women with eutocia history. A combination of restriction enzyme digestion experiment and PCR was performed to examine ERG methylation levels, methylation sites, and distribution in blood of pregnant women and in chorion tissues from abortion samples. Gene sequencing was performed to determine the ERG sequence in chromosome 21. Homology between normal tissues and chorion tissues from abortion samples was analyzed with bioinformatics technology. Results ERG methylation in chorion tissues from 210 abortion samples at 8, 9, and 10 weeks gestational age were determined; however, no ERG methylation was determined in blood of pregnant women. Gene sequencing indicated that normal ERG sequence in chromosome 21 was in fetus chorion tissues, and these ERG sequences were aberrantly methylated. Bioinformatics result showed that homology and DNA methylation level was discrepancy in normal tissues and chorion tissues from abortion samples. Conclusions It was worthwhile to use ERG methylation as biomarker in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis, and ERG methylation should be applied with consent of pregnancy and her relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Liu
- Genetics Diagnostic Lab, Tai'an Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Xue
- Genetics Diagnostic Lab, Tai'an Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Downes MR, Satturwar S, Trudel D, van der Kwast TH. Evaluation of ERG and PTEN protein expression in cribriform architecture prostate carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:34-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liu B, Gu X, Huang T, Luan Y, Ding X. Identification of TMPRSS2-ERG mechanisms in prostate cancer invasiveness: Involvement of MMP-9 and plexin B1. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:201-208. [PMID: 28004109 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and PLXNB1 (plexin B1) in regulation of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness was investigated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were employed to detect the expression of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene, ERG, MMP-9 and PLXNB1 of 135 human tissues, which included 55 metastatic PCa cases, 50 localized PCa cases and 30 BPH cases. Then using siRNA (anti-ERG, MMP-9 and PLXNB1, respectively) downregulation of the target gene of VCaP and PC-3 cells, MTT and Transwell were performed. The results showed that the positive rate of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was 38.1% (40/105) in total PCa samples, 47.3% (26/55) of metastatic PCa, 28.0% (14/50) of localized PCa, while 0.0% (0/30) in BPH samples. The mRNA and protein expression of ERG, MMP-9 and PLXNB1 were higher in metastatic PCa (P<0.0001), and the mRNA expression of the three genes were positively correlated with TMPRSS2-ERG fusionin PCa group (P<0.0001). siRNA transfected PCa cells can effectively downregulate the target gene expression, and we identified that MMP-9 and PLXNB1 expression were all regulated by TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene. While only PLXNB1 contributed to TMPRSS2-ERG mediated enhancements of VCaP cell migration and invasion. The results demonstrated that PLXNB1, but not MMP-9, was the target gene directly related to TMPRSS2-ERG in PCa cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bide Liu
- Department of Urology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Urology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Tianbao Huang
- Department of Urology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Urology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Ding
- Department of Urology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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Kim H, Skowronski J, Den RB. Prognostic outlier genes for enhanced prostate cancer treatment. Future Oncol 2016; 13:249-261. [PMID: 27728977 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To review the current landscape of outlier genes in the field of prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive review was performed. RESULTS Prostate cancer continues to be a significant worldwide health issue. In the era of personalized medicine, more emphasis is being placed on the ability to determine the timing, intensity and type of treatment, according to each patient's unique disease. Several commercial tests are available to determine the risk of aggressive prostate cancer based on genomic biomarkers and gene expression. Outlier genes represent a form of cancer classification that focuses on bimodal expression of a gene in a specific subset of patients. Outlier genes identified in prostate cancer include TMPRSS2-ERG, SPINK1, ScHLAP1, NVL, SMC4 and SQLE. CONCLUSION Classifying patient prostate cancers by outlier genes may allow for individualized cancer therapies and improved cancer therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jenna Skowronski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Androgen deprivation modulates gene expression profile along prostate cancer progression. Hum Pathol 2016; 56:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Krstanoski Z, Vokac NK, Zagorac A, Pospihalj B, Munda M, Dzeroski S, Golouh R. TMPRSS2:ERG gene aberrations may provide insight into pT stage in prostate cancer. BMC Urol 2016; 16:35. [PMID: 27377958 PMCID: PMC4932765 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-016-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TMPRSS2:ERG gene aberration may be a novel marker that improves risk stratification of prostate cancer before definitive cancer therapy, but studies have been inconclusive. Methods The study cohort consisted of 202 operable prostate cancer Slovenian patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We retrospectively constructed tissue microarrays of their prostatic specimens for fluorescence in situ hybridization, with appropriate signals obtained in 148 patients for subsequent statistical analyses. Results The following genetic aberrations were found: TMPRSS2:ERG fusion, TMPRSS2 split (a non-ERG translocation) and ERG split (an ERG translocation without involvement of TMPRSS2). TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion happened in 63 patients (42 %), TMPRSS2 split in 12 patients and ERG split in 8 patients. Association was tested between TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion and several clinicopathological variables, i.e., pT stage, extended lymph node dissection status, and Gleason score, correcting for multiple comparisons. Only the association with pT stage was significant at p = 0.05: Of 62 patients with pT3 stage, 34 (55 %) had TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. In pT3 stage patients, stronger (but not significant) association between eLND status and TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion was detected. We detected TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in 64 % of the pT3 stage patients where we did not perform an extended lymph node dissection. Conclusions Our results indicate that it is possible to predict pT3 stage at final histology from TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion at initial core needle biopsy. FISH determination of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion may be particularly useful for patients scheduled to undergo a radical prostatectomy in order to improve oncological and functional results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Krstanoski
- Department of Urology, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Gosposvetska 1, 2380, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
| | - Nadja Kokalj Vokac
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Zagorac
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Boris Pospihalj
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Gynecological Pathology and Cytology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Munda
- Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Rastko Golouh
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene occurs less frequently in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12397-12402. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Pascual-Geler M, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Expósito Ruiz M, Saiz M, Cozar JM, Lorente JA. Association between RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression in prostate cancer risk. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:431.e1-8. [PMID: 27318894 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is contradictory evidence of the effects that environmental factors-dietary habits (ingestion rates of red meat, soy products, fish, etc.) and work environment (exposure to metals, pesticides, several toxic products, etc.)-and KLK3, AR, RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2 expression patterns have on prostate cancer (PCa). In our study, we investigated the potential association between KLK3, AR, RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2 polymorphisms, expression patterns, exposure to environmental factors, and PCa in a Spanish cohort. Blood and fresh tissue samples were collected from 322 subjects with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)>4ng/ml to determine their genotypes (RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2) and assess messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels (by quantitative amplification testing). MAIN FINDINGS Among clinical parameters, a 63.6% of patients with CC variants in rs11545302 (ELAC2) had PSA>20ng/ml (P = 0.008), and rs486907 (RNASEL), with 52.8% of patients with CT variants with Gleason score>7. Regarding TNM stage, patients with GG variants, rs4792311 (ELAC2) generally had stage 1 tumors. Genetic expression analysis revealed RNASEL (P = 0.007) was underexpressed in PCa tissue, whereas KLK3 (P = 0.041) was overexpressed. As to environmental factors, the intake of dried fruits (P = 0.036) and practice of sports (P = 0.024) revealed an effect in PCa. Moreover, environmental factors were observed to affect gene expression patterns. Thus, RNASEL (P = 0.018) and ELAC2 (P = 0.023) were found to be underexpressed in patients who ate processed foods frequently; MSR1 (P = 0.024) and AR (P = 0.004) were underexpressed in patients who did not practice sports; and KLK3 (P = 0.039; P = 0.046) underexpressed in patients exposed to dust and toxic products. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to analyze the correlation between RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2 genotypes and messenger ribonucleic acid expression in PCa. RNASEL and KLK3 show different expression patterns in normal vs. tumor tissue, which supports their reported relevance in human cancer. The results obtained confirm that RNASEL plays a crucial role in PCa. Environmental factors such as exercise, exposure to toxic agents, and intake of processed foods are associated with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- Liquid biopsy and metastasis research group and Genomic Unit, GENyO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- Liquid biopsy and metastasis research group and Genomic Unit, GENyO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Expósito Ruiz
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental-Alejandro Otero (FIBAO), Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Saiz
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- Service of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- Liquid biopsy and metastasis research group and Genomic Unit, GENyO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain; Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Hernández S, Font-Tello A, Juanpere N, de Muga S, Lorenzo M, Salido M, Fumadó L, Serrano L, Cecchini L, Serrano S, Lloreta J. Concurrent TMPRSS2-ERG and SLC45A3-ERG rearrangements plus PTEN loss are not found in low grade prostate cancer and define an aggressive tumor subset. Prostate 2016; 76:854-65. [PMID: 26959281 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC45A3 is the second most common ERG partner in prostate cancer (PrCa). Coexisting TMPRSS2 and SLC45A3 rearrangements are found in a subset of cases, but the meaning is still unknown. METHODS SLC45A3-ERG and TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements and their association with ERG and PTEN expression and with clinical and pathological features have been analyzed in 80 PrCa (PSMAR-Biobank, Barcelona, Spain). ERG and PTEN mRNA were assessed by qRT-PCR; TMPRSS2-ERG and SLC45A3-ERG by RT-PCR, FISH, and direct sequencing; and ERG expression by IHC. The endpoints were Gleason score (GS), stage, and PSA progression-free survival. RESULTS Single TMPRSS2-ERG was found in 51.6% GS ≤ 7 and 22.2% GS ≥ 8 tumors (P = 0.027). SLC45A3-ERG was found in 25 cases, 20 of them with concurrent TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement: 11.5% GS = 6, 22.2% GS = 7, and 50% GS ≥ 8 tumors (P = 0.013). Double rearrangements were associated with higher levels of ERG mRNA (P = 0.04). Double rearrangement plus PTEN loss was detected in 0% GS = 6; 14.7% GS = 7, and 29.4% GS ≥ 8 tumors (P = 0.032). Furthermore, this triple change was present in 19.2% stage T3-4 but not in any of stage T2 tumors (P = 0.05). No relationship was found with PSA progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Single TMPRSS2-ERG translocation is associated with low grade PrCa. Subsequent development of SLC45A3-ERG results in higher ERG expression. The combination of double rearrangement plus PTEN loss, according to our series, is never found in low grade, low stage tumors. These findings could be potentially useful in therapeutic decision making in PrCa. Tumors with combined TMPRSS2-ERG/SLC45A3-ERG fusions plus PTEN loss should be excluded from watchful waiting and are candidates for intensive therapy. Prostate 76:854-865, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hernández
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Font-Tello
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Juanpere
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Muga
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Salido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Fumadó
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Cecchini
- Department of Urology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
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Byron SA, Van Keuren-Jensen KR, Engelthaler DM, Carpten JD, Craig DW. Translating RNA sequencing into clinical diagnostics: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17:257-71. [PMID: 26996076 PMCID: PMC7097555 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based measurements have the potential for application across diverse areas of human health, including disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic selection. Current clinical applications include infectious diseases, cancer, transplant medicine and fetal monitoring. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) allows for the detection of a wide variety of RNA species, including mRNA, non-coding RNA, pathogen RNA, chimeric gene fusions, transcript isoforms and splice variants, and provides the capability to quantify known, pre-defined RNA species and rare RNA transcript variants within a sample. In addition to differential expression and detection of novel transcripts, RNA-seq also supports the detection of mutations and germline variation for hundreds to thousands of expressed genetic variants, facilitating assessment of allele-specific expression of these variants. Circulating RNAs and small regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs, are very stable. These RNA species are vigorously being tested for their potential as biomarkers. However, there are currently few agreed upon methods for isolation or quantitative measurements and a current lack of quality controls that can be used to test platform accuracy and sample preparation quality. Analytical, bioinformatic and regulatory challenges exist, and ongoing efforts toward the establishment of benchmark standards, assay optimization for clinical conditions and demonstration of assay reproducibility are required to expand the clinical utility of RNA-seq.
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful approach for comprehensive analyses of transcriptomes. This Review describes the widespread potential applications of RNA-seq in clinical medicine, such as detecting disease-associated mutations and gene expression disruptions, as well as characteristic non-coding RNAs, circulating extracellular RNAs or pathogen RNAs. The authors also highlight the challenges in adopting RNA-seq routinely into clinical practice. With the emergence of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies, RNA-based biomolecules hold expanded promise for their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applicability in various diseases, including cancers and infectious diseases. Detection of gene fusions and differential expression of known disease-causing transcripts by RNA-seq represent some of the most immediate opportunities. However, it is the diversity of RNA species detected through RNA-seq that holds new promise for the multi-faceted clinical applicability of RNA-based measures, including the potential of extracellular RNAs as non-invasive diagnostic indicators of disease. Ongoing efforts towards the establishment of benchmark standards, assay optimization for clinical conditions and demonstration of assay reproducibility are required to expand the clinical utility of RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Byron
- Center for Translational Innovation, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | | | - David M Engelthaler
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA
| | - John D Carpten
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - David W Craig
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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Sung JY, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Kang SY, Choi YL, Kwon GY. Correlation of ERG immunohistochemistry with molecular detection of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:586-92. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AimsTMPRSS2/E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family gene fusion in prostate carcinoma (PCa) can be detected by several methods including immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ETS-related gene (ERG), the diagnostic utility of which has not been clearly defined.MethodsWe explored TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement status in 132 patients with PCa with four detection methods including fluorescence in situ hybridisation for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) for ERG and TMPRSS-ERG fusion transcript mRNA and IHC for ERG.ResultsConcordant results were found in 126 cases for the four detection methods and the remaining six cases showed discrepancy in one method: two cases in IHC, three cases in RT-qPCR for ERG and one case in RT-qPCR for fusion transcript. In discordant cases, the majority results were determined as final fusion status. Analysis of discrepancy cases for ERG IHC showed that weak immunoreactivity for ERG should be regarded as equivocal and that even strong immunoreactivity can be false positive. The overall incidence of TMPRSS-ERG gene fusion was 24%.ConclusionsERG IHC is a useful surrogate test for the detection of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, but it needs to be interpreted with caution and definite judgement should not be based on IHC alone. A relatively low incidence of TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion was demonstrated in this Korean cohort.
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