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Guzman-Esquivel J, Murillo-Zamora E, Ortiz-Mesina M, Galvan-Salazar HR, De-Leon-Zaragoza L, Casarez-Price JC, Delgado-Enciso J, Delgado-Enciso I. Regional and national burden of prostate cancer: incidence, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years, in Mexico and Latin America from 1990 to 2019. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2155-2160. [PMID: 37273013 PMCID: PMC10240458 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer and the fifth cause of cancer-related death. This manuscript aims to determine the incidence, mortality, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) trends of PC in the last 30 years in Latin America and Mexico. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a publicly available data set. Data regarding the burden of prostate cancer in 20 Latin-American countries, and the 32 states of Mexico, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Collected information included incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000), as well as the DALYs as absolute numbers and rates (per 100,000) and the annual rates of change in rates from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS In Latin America in males aged 55 years or older, the mean incidence rate was 344 cases per 100,000. The number of deaths attributable to prostate cancer observed was 67,110 and the mean mortality rate was 210 per 100,000. The overall burden of disease was 1,120,709 DALYs and the contribution of years of life lost (YLL) was 91.7% ([Formula: see text] = 1,027,946). Mexico presented an incidence rate (279.6) and mortality (99.1) rate (per /100 thousand). In Mexico, 13 states had a DALYs' rate above the national mean (883 per 100,000) and the highest burden (1360 DALYs/100,000) were documented in the state of Guerrero (Southwestern Mexico). CONCLUSION Only two Latin-American countries (Brazil and Colombia) and eight states of Mexico showed a decreased trend about the rate of change of DALYs in the last 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guzman-Esquivel
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Av. Lapislazuli No. 250, El Haya, 28984, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Efren Murillo-Zamora
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Av. Lapislazuli No. 250, El Haya, 28984, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Monica Ortiz-Mesina
- Headquarters of Medical Services, Mexican Social Security Institute, Doroteo López 442, Col. Magisterial, Colima, Mexico
| | - Hector R Galvan-Salazar
- Clinical Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute. HGZ1, Av. Lapislazuli No. 250, El Haya, 28984, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Luis De-Leon-Zaragoza
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Liceo de Varones 401, La Esperanza, 28085, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Juan C Casarez-Price
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Liceo de Varones 401, La Esperanza, 28085, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Josuel Delgado-Enciso
- Foundation for Ethics Education and Cancer Research of the IEC of Colima AC, Av. Liceo de Varones 401 Colonia la Esperanza, 28085, Colima, Mexico
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Department of Research, Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Liceo de Varones 401, La Esperanza, 28085, Colima, Colima, Mexico.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Av. Universidad 333, colonia la Esperanza, 28040, Colima, Mexico.
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Withrow D, Pilleron S, Nikita N, Ferlay J, Sharma S, Nicholson B, Rebbeck TR, Lu-Yao G. Current and projected number of years of life lost due to prostate cancer: A global study. Prostate 2022; 82:1088-1097. [PMID: 35468227 PMCID: PMC9246888 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is an important cause of death worldwide. The number of years of life lost (YLL) due to prostate cancer is a metric of the toll of prostate cancer and using projections of demographic changes, can be used to measure future burden. METHODS Prostate cancer mortality data by country and world region was retrieved from the Global Cancer Observatory and the World Health Organization mortality data set, and life expectancy was from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. We estimated YLL as the difference between age at death in people with prostate cancer and remaining life expectancy for people of the same age in the general population. We also estimated the age-standardized YLL rates per 100,000 males over 50 and the average annual percentage change in YLL rates over the period 2000-2019 and the number of YLL for the year 2040 by applying population projections to the 2020 YLL rates. RESULTS In 2020, 3.5 million person-years of life were lost due to prostate cancer in males over 50, and 40% of YLL were in those aged over 75. Age-standardized rates varied greatly between and within regions. Over the last two decades, rates of YLL have increased in many Asian and African countries while they have decreased in northern American and European countries. Globally, YLL are anticipated to double by 2040 to reach 7.5 million, with the greatest increases in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. CONCLUSION There are wide variations in the burden of prostate cancer globally as measured by YLL. The burden of prostate cancer is projected to increase over time and appears to be highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. It will be critical to plan and implement programs to reduce the burden of prostate cancer globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Withrow
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Pilleron
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikita Nikita
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian Nicholson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Grace Lu-Yao
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Luo LS, Jiang JF, Luan HH, Zi H, Zhu C, Li BH, Zeng XT. Spatial and temporal patterns of prostate cancer burden and their association with Socio-Demographic Index in Asia, 1990-2019. Prostate 2022; 82:193-202. [PMID: 34662930 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for males worldwide, but the spatial and temporal trends of prostate cancer burden remain unknown in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the changing spatial and temporal trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of prostate cancer, and their association with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) in 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, covering 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. The average annual percent change was calculated to evaluate temporal trends. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to obtain spatial patterns, and the association between SDI and prostate cancer burden was estimated using a spatial panel model. RESULTS In Asia, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer increased in almost all countries, and its mortality and DALY also increased in over half of the countries. Significantly regional disparities were found in Asia, and the hot spots for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY were all located in Western Asia, the hot spots of percent change also occurred in Western Asia for incidence and DALY. Furthermore, SDI had a positive association with mortality (coef = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-2.90) and negative association with DALY (coef = -14.99, 95% CI: -20.37 to -9.60) and MIR (coef = -0.95, 95%CI: -0.99 to -0.92). CONCLUSIONS Prostate cancer burden increased rapidly throughout Asia and substantial disparities had persisted between countries. Geographically targeted interventions are needed to reduce the prostate cancer burden throughout Asia and in specific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Jiang
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang-Hang Luan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Reiss AB, Saeedullah U, Grossfeld DJ, Glass AD, Pinkhasov A, Katz AE. Prostate cancer treatment and the relationship of androgen deprivation therapy to cognitive function. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:733-741. [PMID: 34743290 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men. For advanced, high risk prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment and can induce remission, but resistance to ADT brings biochemical recurrence and progression of cancer. ADT brings adverse effects such as erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and diminished physical strength. It is estimated that between 25 and 50% of men on ADT manifest some form of cognitive dysfunction that may be self-reported or reported by a family member. There is concern that impaired cognitive function with ADT is due to loss of testosterone support. Testosterone and its metabolites are known to possess neuroprotective properties. While a direct causal relationship between ADT and cognitive decline in prostate cancer patients has not been established, this review describes the controversy surrounding the possible connection between ADT and neurocognitive deterioration. The cellular and molecular mechanisms believed to underlie the protection of neuronal integrity by androgens are discussed. Results from animal models and human clinical studies are presented. Finally, we call attention to lifestyle modifications that may minimize cognitive issues in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Reiss
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
| | - U Saeedullah
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - D J Grossfeld
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - A D Glass
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - A Pinkhasov
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - A E Katz
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
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