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Exotic foods reveal contact between South Asia and the Near East during the second millennium BCE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2014956117. [PMID: 33419922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014956117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the key role of long-distance trade in the transformation of cuisines worldwide has been well-documented since at least the Roman era, the prehistory of the Eurasian food trade is less visible. In order to shed light on the transformation of Eastern Mediterranean cuisines during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, we analyzed microremains and proteins preserved in the dental calculus of individuals who lived during the second millennium BCE in the Southern Levant. Our results provide clear evidence for the consumption of expected staple foods, such as cereals (Triticeae), sesame (Sesamum), and dates (Phoenix). We additionally report evidence for the consumption of soybean (Glycine), probable banana (Musa), and turmeric (Curcuma), which pushes back the earliest evidence of these foods in the Mediterranean by centuries (turmeric) or even millennia (soybean). We find that, from the early second millennium onwards, at least some people in the Eastern Mediterranean had access to food from distant locations, including South Asia, and such goods were likely consumed as oils, dried fruits, and spices. These insights force us to rethink the complexity and intensity of Indo-Mediterranean trade during the Bronze Age as well as the degree of globalization in early Eastern Mediterranean cuisine.
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Monaci L, Pilolli R, De Angelis E, Crespo JF, Novak N, Cabanillas B. Food allergens: Classification, molecular properties, characterization, and detection in food sources. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 93:113-146. [PMID: 32711861 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a large and growing public health problem in many areas of the world. The prevalence of food allergy has increased in the last decades in a very significant way in many world regions, particularly in developed countries. In that respect, the research field of food allergy has experienced an extensive growth and very relevant progress has been made in recent years regarding the characterization of food allergens, the study of their immunological properties, and their detection in food sources. Furthermore, food labeling policies have also been improved decidedly in recent years. For that immense progress made, it is about time to review the latest progress in the field of food allergy. In this review, we intend to carry out an extensive and profound overview regarding the latest scientific advances and knowledge in the field of food allergen detection, characterization, and in the study of the effects of food processing on the physico-chemical properties of food allergens. The advances in food labeling policies, and methodologies for the characterization of food allergens are also thoroughly reviewed in the present overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Pilolli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Jesus F Crespo
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Takashima T, Taku T, Yamanaka T, Fukamizo T, Numata T, Ohnuma T. Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of CJP38, a β-1,3-glucanase and allergen of Cryptomeria japonica pollen. Mol Immunol 2019; 116:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Identification of Biomarkers for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Infection and in Silico Studies in Musa paradisiaca Cultivar Puttabale through Proteomic Approach. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4010009. [PMID: 28248219 PMCID: PMC5217371 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the major disease constraints of banana production. Previously, we reported the disease resistance Musa paradisiaca cv. puttabale clones developed from Ethylmethanesulfonate and Foc culture filtrate against Foc inoculation. Here, the same resistant clones and susceptible clones were used for the study of protein accumulation against Foc inoculation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), their expression pattern and an in silico approach. The present investigation revealed mass-spectrometry identified 16 proteins that were over accumulated and 5 proteins that were under accumulated as compared to the control. The polyphosphoinositide binding protein ssh2p (PBPssh2p) and Indoleacetic acid-induced-like (IAA) protein showed significant up-regulation and down-regulation. The docking of the pathogenesis-related protein (PR) with the fungal protein endopolygalacturonase (PG) exemplify the three ionic interactions and seven hydrophobic residues that tends to good interaction at the active site of PG with free energy of assembly dissociation (1.5 kcal/mol). The protein-ligand docking of the Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase chloroplastic-like protein (PMSRc) with the ligand β-1,3 glucan showed minimum binding energy (−6.48 kcal/mol) and docking energy (−8.2 kcal/mol) with an interaction of nine amino-acid residues. These explorations accelerate the research in designing the host pathogen interaction studies for the better management of diseases.
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Qin Z, Yan Q, Lei J, Yang S, Jiang Z, Wu S. The first crystal structure of a glycoside hydrolase family 17 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase displays a unique catalytic cleft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1714-24. [PMID: 26249352 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715011037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucanosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) plays an important role in the formation of branched glucans, as well as in cell-wall assembly and rearrangement in fungi and yeasts. The crystal structures of a novel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 17 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase from Rhizomucor miehei (RmBgt17A) and the complexes of its active-site mutant (E189A) with two substrates were solved at resolutions of 1.30, 2.30 and 2.27 Å, respectively. The overall structure of RmBgt17A had the characteristic (β/α)8 TIM-barrel fold. The structures of RmBgt17A and other GH family 17 members were compared: it was found that a conserved subdomain located in the region near helix α6 and part of the catalytic cleft in other GH family 17 members was absent in RmBgt17A. Instead, four amino-acid residues exposed to the surface of the enzyme (Tyr135, Tyr136, Glu158 and His172) were found in the reducing terminus of subsite +2 of RmBgt17A, hindering access to the catalytic cleft. This distinct region of RmBgt17A makes its catalytic cleft shorter than those of other reported GH family 17 enzymes. The complex structures also illustrated that RmBgt17A can only provide subsites -3 to +2. This structural evidence provides a clear explanation of the catalytic mode of RmBgt17A, in which laminaribiose is released from the reducing end of linear β-1,3-glucan and the remaining glucan is transferred to the end of another β-1,3-glucan acceptor. The first crystal structure of a GH family 17 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase may be useful in studies of the catalytic mechanism of GH family 17 proteins, and provides a basis for further enzymatic engineering or antifungal drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Research and Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lei
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Research and Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Research and Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Research and Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwang Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Research and Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Torres M, Palomares O, Quiralte J, Pauli G, Rodríguez R, Villalba M. An Enzymatically Active β-1,3-Glucanase from Ash Pollen with Allergenic Properties: A Particular Member in the Oleaceae Family. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133066. [PMID: 26177095 PMCID: PMC4503641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-1,3-glucanases are widespread enzymes with glycosyl hydrolitic activity involved in carbohydrate remodelling during the germination and pollen tube growth. Although members of this protein family with allergenic activity have been reported, their effective contribution to allergy is little known. In this work, we identified Fra e 9 as a novel allergenic β-1,3-glucanase from ash pollen. We produced the catalytic and carbohydrate-binding domains as two independent recombinant proteins and characterized them from structural, biochemical and immunological point of view in comparison to their counterparts from olive pollen. We showed that despite having significant differences in biochemical activity Fra e 9 and Ole e 9 display similar IgE-binding capacity, suggesting that β-1,3-glucanases represent an heterogeneous family that could display intrinsic allergenic capacity. Specific cDNA encoding Fra e 9 was cloned and sequenced. The full-length cDNA encoded a polypeptide chain of 461 amino acids containing a signal peptide of 29 residues, leading to a mature protein of 47760.2 Da and a pI of 8.66. An N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module are the components of this enzyme. Despite the phylogenetic proximity to the olive pollen β-1,3-glucanase, Ole e 9, there is only a 39% identity between both sequences. The N- and C-terminal domains have been produced as independent recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, respectively. Although a low or null enzymatic activity has been associated to long β-1,3-glucanases, the recombinant N-terminal domain has 200-fold higher hydrolytic activity on laminarin than reported for Ole e 9. The C-terminal domain of Fra e 9, a cysteine-rich compact structure, is able to bind laminarin. Both molecules retain comparable IgE-binding capacity when assayed with allergic sera. In summary, the structural and functional comparison between these two closely phylogenetic related enzymes provides novel insights into the complexity of β-1,3-glucanases, representing a heterogeneous protein family with intrinsic allergenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Torres
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Virgen del Rocío University, Hospital of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Hôpital Lyautey, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
Allergy to banana fruit appears to have become an important cause of fruit allergy in Europe. Among five allergens that have been found, beta-1,3-glucanase denoted as Mus a 5 was identified as a candidate allergen for the component-resolved allergy diagnosis of banana allergy. Because of the variations in protein levels in banana fruit, in this study Mus a 5 was produced as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Mus a 5 was purified under native conditions by a combination of affinity, ion-exchange, and reversed phase chromatography. N-terminal sequence was confirmed by Edman degradation and 55 % of the primary structure was identified by mass fingerprint, while the secondary structure was assessed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. IgG reactivity of recombinant protein was shown in 2-D immunoblot with anti-Mus a 5 antibodies, while IgG and IgE binding to natural Mus a 5 was inhibited with the recombinant Mus a 5 in immunoblot inhibition test. IgE reactivity of recombinant Mus a 5 was shown in ELISA within a group of ten persons sensitized to banana fruit. Recombinant Mus a 5 is a novel reagent suitable for the component-resolved allergy diagnosis of banana allergy.
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Nikolic J, Mrkic I, Grozdanovic M, Popovic M, Petersen A, Jappe U, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M. Protocol for simultaneous isolation of three important banana allergens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 962:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Dall'antonia F, Pavkov-Keller T, Zangger K, Keller W. Structure of allergens and structure based epitope predictions. Methods 2014; 66:3-21. [PMID: 23891546 PMCID: PMC3969231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure determination of major allergens is a prerequisite for analyzing surface exposed areas of the allergen and for mapping conformational epitopes. These may be determined by experimental methods including crystallographic and NMR-based approaches or predicted by computational methods. In this review we summarize the existing structural information on allergens and their classification in protein fold families. The currently available allergen-antibody complexes are described and the experimentally obtained epitopes compared. Furthermore we discuss established methods for linear and conformational epitope mapping, putting special emphasis on a recently developed approach, which uses the structural similarity of proteins in combination with the experimental cross-reactivity data for epitope prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- ACIB (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.
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Rodríguez-Romero A, Hernández-Santoyo A, Fuentes-Silva D, Palomares LA, Muñoz-Cruz S, Yépez-Mulia L, Orozco-Martínez S. Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:329-41. [PMID: 24531467 PMCID: PMC3940204 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713027673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Santoyo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Fuentes-Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- UMAE–Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Lilian Yépez-Mulia
- UMAE–Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Mačinković IS, Abughren M, Mrkic I, Grozdanović MM, Prodanović R, Gavrović-Jankulović M. Employment of colorimetric enzyme assay for monitoring expression and solubility of GST fusion proteins targeted to inclusion bodies. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:506-10. [PMID: 24100211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High levels of recombinant protein expression can lead to the formation of insoluble inclusion bodies. These complex aggregates are commonly solubilized in strong denaturants, such as 6-8M urea, although, if possible, solubilization under milder conditions could facilitate subsequent refolding and purification of bioactive proteins. Commercially available GST-tag assays are designed for quantitative measurement of GST activity under native conditions. GST fusion proteins accumulated in inclusion bodies are considered to be undetectable by such assays. In this work, solubilization of recombinantly produced proteins was performed in 4M urea. The activity of rGST was assayed in 2M urea and it was shown that rGST preserves 85% of its activity under such denaturing conditions. A colorimetric GST activity assay with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was examined for use in rapid detection of expression targeted to inclusion bodies and for the identification of inclusion body proteins which can be solubilized in low concentrations of chaotropic agents. Applicability of the assay was evaluated by tracking protein expression of two GST-fused allergens of biopharmaceutical value in E. coli, GST-Der p 2 and GST-Mus a 5, both targeted to inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Mačinković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, Erlangen, Germany
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Wojtkowiak A, Witek K, Hennig J, Jaskolski M. Two high-resolution structures of potato endo-1,3-β-glucanase reveal subdomain flexibility with implications for substrate binding. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 68:713-23. [PMID: 22683794 DOI: 10.1107/s090744491200995x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endo-1,3-β-glucanases are widely distributed among bacteria, fungi and higher plants. They are responsible for hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in specific polysaccharides with tracts of unsubstituted β-1,3-linked glucosyl residues. The plant enzymes belong to glycoside hydrolase family 17 (GH17) and are also members of class 2 of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.40 and 1.26 Å resolution from two crystals of endo-1,3-β-glucanase from Solanum tuberosum (potato, cultivar Désirée) which, despite having a similar packing framework, represented two separate crystal forms. In particular, they differed in the Matthews coefficient and are consequently referred to as higher density (HD; 1.40 Å resolution) and lower density (LD; 1.26 Å resolution) forms. The general fold of the protein resembles that of other known plant endo-1,3-β-glucanases and is defined by a (β/α)(8)-barrel with an additional subdomain built around the C-terminal half of the barrel. The structures revealed high flexibility of the subdomain, which forms part of the catalytic cleft. Comparison with structures of other GH17 endo-1,3-β-glucanases revealed differences in the arrangement of the secondary-structure elements in this region, which can be correlated with sequence variability and may suggest distinct substrate-binding patterns. The crystal structures revealed an unusual packing mode, clearly visible in the LD structure, caused by the presence of the C-terminal His(6) tag, which extends from the compact fold of the enzyme molecule and docks in the catalytic cleft of a neighbouring molecule. In this way, an infinite chain of His-tag-linked protein molecules is formed along the c direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wojtkowiak
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Shrestha KL, Liu SW, Huang CP, Wu HM, Wang WC, Li YK. Characterization and identification of essential residues of the glycoside hydrolase family 64 laminaripentaose-producing- -1, 3-glucanase. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:617-25. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Goñi O, Sanchez-Ballesta MT, Merodio C, Escribano MI. A cryoprotective and cold-adapted 1,3-β-endoglucanase from cherimoya (Annona cherimola) fruit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:844-854. [PMID: 21497868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 1,3-β-glucanase with potent cryoprotective activity was purified to homogeneity from the mesocarp of CO2-treated cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) stored at low temperature using anion exchange and chromatofocusing chromatography. This protein was characterized as a glycosylated endo-1,3-β-glucanase with a Mr of 22.07kDa and a pI of 5.25. The hydrolase was active and stable in a broad acidic pH range and it exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.0. It had a low optimum temperature of 35°C and it retained 40% maximum activity at 5°C. The purified 1,3-β-glucanase was relatively heat unstable and its activity declined progressively at temperatures above 50°C. Kinetic studies revealed low k(cat) (3.10±0.04 s(-1)) and Km (0.32±0.03 mg ml(-1)) values, reflecting the intermediate efficiency of the protein in hydrolyzing laminarin. Moreover, a thermodynamic characterization revealed that the purified enzyme displayed a high k(cat) at both 37 and 5°C, and a low Ea (6.99 kJ mol(-1)) within this range of temperatures. In vitro functional studies indicated that the purified 1,3-β-glucanase had no inhibitory effects on Botrytis cinerea hyphal growth and no antifreeze activity, as determined by thermal hysteresis analysis using differential scanning calorimetry. However, a strong cryoprotective activity was observed against freeze-thaw inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase. Indeed, the PD50 was 8.7 μg ml(-1) (394 nM), 9.2-fold higher (3.1 on a molar basis) than that of the cryoprotective protein BSA. Together with the observed accumulation of glycine-betaine in CO2-treated cherimoya tissues, these results suggest that 1,3-β-glucanase could be functionally implicated in low temperature-defense mechanism activated by CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Goñi
- Grupo Biotecnología y Calidad Posrecolección, Departamento de Caracterización, Calidad y Seguridad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN-IF (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Palacin A, Quirce S, Sanchez-Monge R, Bobolea I, Diaz-Perales A, Martin-Muñoz F, Pascual C, Salcedo G. Sensitization profiles to purified plant food allergens among pediatric patients with allergy to banana. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:186-95. [PMID: 21284746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Banana fruit allergy is well known, but neither immunoglobulin E recognition patterns to purified plant food allergens nor true prevalences of putative banana allergens have been established. This study aimed to characterize β-1,3-glucanase and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) as banana allergens, testing them, together with other plant food allergens, in 51 children with allergic reactions after banana ingestion and both positive specific IgE and skin prick test (SPT) to banana. Banana β-1,3-glucanase and TLP were isolated and characterized. Both banana allergens, together with kiwifruit TLP Act d 2, avocado class I chitinase Pers a 1, palm pollen profilin Pho d 2 and peach fruit lipid transfer protein (LTP) Pru p 3, were tested by in vitro and in vivo assays. Banana β-1,3-glucanase (Mus a 5) was glycosylated, whereas banana TLP (Mus a 4) was not, in contrast with its homologous kiwi allergen Act d 2. Specific IgE to both banana allergens, as well as to peach Pru p 3, was found in over 70% of sera from banana-allergic children, and Mus a 4 and Pru p 3 provoked positive SPT responses in 6 of the 12 tested patients, whereas Mus a 5 in only one of them. Both peptidic epitopes and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants were involved in the IgE-binding to Mus a 5, whereas cross-reactivity between Mus a 4 and Act d 2 was only based on common IgE protein epitopes. Profilin Pho d 2 elicited a relevant proportion of positive responses on in vitro (41%) and in vivo (58%) tests. Therefore, Mus a 4 and LTP behave as major banana allergens in the study population, and profilin seems to be also a relevant allergen. Mus a 5 is an equivocal allergenic protein, showing high IgE-binding to its attached complex glycan, and low in vivo potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Palacin
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Gastebois A, Mouyna I, Simenel C, Clavaud C, Coddeville B, Delepierre M, Latgé JP, Fontaine T. Characterization of a new beta(1-3)-glucan branching activity of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:2386-96. [PMID: 19948732 PMCID: PMC2807297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.077545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new HPLC method was developed to separate linear from beta(1-6)-branched beta(1-3)-glucooligosaccharides. This methodology has permitted the isolation of the first fungal beta(1-6)/beta(1-3)-glucan branching transglycosidase using a cell wall autolysate of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). The encoding gene, AfBGT2 is an ortholog of AfBGT1, another transglycosidase of A. fumigatus previously analyzed (Mouyna, I., Hartland, R. P., Fontaine, T., Diaquin, M., Simenel, C., Delepierre, M., Henrissat, B., and Latgé, J. P. (1998) Microbiology 144, 3171-3180). Both enzymes release laminaribiose from the reducing end of a beta(1-3)-linked oligosaccharide and transfer the remaining chain to another molecule of the original substrate. The AfBgt1p transfer occurs at C-6 of the non-reducing end group of the acceptor, creating a kinked beta(1-3;1-6) linear molecule. The AfBgt2p transfer takes place at the C-6 of an internal group of the acceptor, resulting in a beta(1-3)-linked product with a beta(1-6)-linked side branch. The single Afbgt2 mutant and the double Afbgt1/Afbgt2 mutant in A. fumigatus did not display any cell wall phenotype showing that these activities were not responsible for the construction of the branched beta(1-3)-glucans of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gastebois
- From the Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
| | - Isabelle Mouyna
- From the Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
| | - Catherine Simenel
- the Unité de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2185, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, and
| | - Cécile Clavaud
- From the Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
| | - Bernadette Coddeville
- the Laboratoire de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille Flandres-Artois, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Delepierre
- the Unité de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2185, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, and
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- From the Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
| | - Thierry Fontaine
- From the Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
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18
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Wu HM, Liu SW, Hsu MT, Hung CL, Lai CC, Cheng WC, Wang HJ, Li YK, Wang WC. Structure, mechanistic action, and essential residues of a GH-64 enzyme, laminaripentaose-producing beta-1,3-glucanase. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26708-15. [PMID: 19640850 PMCID: PMC2785358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.010983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminaripentaose-producing beta-1,3-glucanase (LPHase), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 64, cleaves a long-chain polysaccharide beta-1,3-glucan into specific pentasaccharide oligomers. The crystal structure of LPHase from Streptomyces matensis DIC-108 was solved to 1.62 A resolution using multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion methods. The LPHase structure reveals a novel crescent-like fold; it consists of a barrel domain and a mixed (alpha/beta) domain, forming a wide-open groove between the two domains. The liganded crystal structure was also solved to 1.80 A, showing limited conformational changes. Within the wide groove, a laminaritetraose molecule is found to sit in an electronegatively charged central region and is proximal to several conserved residues including two carboxylates (Glu(154) and Asp(170)) and four other sugar-binding residues (Thr(156), Asn(158), Trp(163), and Thr(167)). Molecular modeling using a laminarihexaose as a substrate suggests roles for Glu(154) and Asp(170) as acid and base catalysts, respectively, whereas the side chains of Thr(156), Asn(158), and Trp(163) demarcate subsite +5. Site-directed mutagenesis of Glu(154) and Asp(170) confirms that both carboxylates are essential for catalysis. Together, our results suggest that LPHase uses a direct displacement mechanism involving Glu(154) and Asp(170) to cleave a beta-1,3-glucan into specific alpha-pentasaccharide oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Mao Wu
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
| | - Sheng-Wen Liu
- the Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsung Hsu
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
| | - Chun-Chieh Lai
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
| | - Wen-Chi Cheng
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
| | - Hung-Jung Wang
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- the Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300 and
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19
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McGrath CE, Vuong TV, Wilson DB. Site-directed mutagenesis to probe catalysis by a Thermobifida fusca -1,3-glucanase (Lam81A). Protein Eng Des Sel 2009; 22:375-82. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Mapping of IgE-binding epitopes on the major latex allergen Hev b 2 and the cross-reacting 1,3beta-glucanase fruit allergens as a molecular basis for the latex-fruit syndrome. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1595-604. [PMID: 19185347 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nine distinct IgE-binding epitopes were identified along the entire amino acid sequence of the major latex allergen Hev b 2 (1,3beta-glucanase) using a set of synthetic 15-mer peptides frameshifted by 3 residues immobilized on cellulose membrane (Spot technique). Most of the amino acid residues building these IgE-binding epitopic regions are nicely exposed on the surface and the epitopes usually correspond to charged regions on the molecular surface of the protein. A smaller number of 5 IgE-binding epitopic areas was identified on the banana 1,3beta-glucanase, which exhibits a very similar overall conformation and charge distribution. The latter epitopes might be responsible for the IgE-binding cross-reactivity currently observed in the latex-fruit syndrome. Using rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-BanGluc as a probe instead of IgE from allergic patients the same epitopic regions were identified in both Hev b 2 and BanGluc. Additionally, surface-exposed regions with a very close conformation were predicted to occur on Ole e 9, the 1,3beta-glucanase allergen identified in olive pollen.
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21
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Structural modeling of glucanase-substrate complexes suggests a conserved tyrosine is involved in carbohydrate recognition in plant 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanases. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2008; 22:915-23. [PMID: 18663584 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-008-9228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GHF16) truncated Fibrobacter succinogenes (TFs) and GHF17 barley 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanases (beta-glucanases) possess different structural folds, beta-jellyroll and (beta/alpha)8, although they both catalyze the specific hydrolysis of beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds adjacent to beta-1,3 linkages in mixed beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 beta-D-glucans or lichenan. Differences in the active site region residues of TFs beta-glucanase and barley beta-glucanase create binding site topographies that require different substrate conformations. In contrast to barley beta-glucanase, TFs beta-glucanase possesses a unique and compact active site. The structural analysis results suggest that the tyrosine residue, which is conserved in all known 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanases, is involved in the recognition of mixed beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 linked polysaccharide.
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22
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Fuentes-Silva D, Mendoza-Hernández G, Stojanoff V, Palomares LA, Zenteno E, Torres-Larios A, Rodríguez-Romero A. Crystallization and identification of the glycosylated moieties of two isoforms of the main allergen Hev b 2 and preliminary X-ray analysis of two polymorphs of isoform II. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2007; 63:787-91. [PMID: 17768356 PMCID: PMC2376315 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309107039838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Latex from Hevea brasiliensis contains several allergenic proteins that are involved in type I allergy. One of them is Hev b 2, which is a beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme that exists in different isoforms with variable glycosylation content. Two glucanase isoforms were isolated from trees of the GV-42 clone by gel filtration, affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Isoform I had a carbohydrate content of about 20%, with N-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, fucose and galactose residues as the main sugars, while isoform II showed 6% carbohydrate content consisting of N-acetyl-glucosamine, fucose, mannose and xylose. Both isoforms were crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Isoform I crystals were grown using 0.2 M trisodium citrate dihydrate, 0.1 M Na HEPES pH 7.5 and 20%(v/v) 2-propanol, but these crystals were not appropriate for data collection. Isoform II crystals were obtained under two conditions and X-ray diffraction data were collected from both. In the first condition (0.2 M trisodium citrate, 0.1 M sodium cacodylate pH 6.5, 30% 2-propanol), crystals belonging to the tetragonal space group P4(1) with unit-cell parameters a = b = 150.17, c = 77.41 A were obtained. In the second condition [0.2 M ammonium acetate, 0.1 M trisodium citrate dihydrate pH 5.6, 30%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 4000] the isoform II crystals belonged to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 85.08, b = 89.67, c = 101.80 A, beta = 113.6 degrees. Preliminary analysis suggests that there are four molecules of isoform II in both asymmetric units.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Fuentes-Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - G. Mendoza-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - V. Stojanoff
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY, USA
| | - L. A. Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - E. Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - A. Torres-Larios
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - A. Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
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23
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Fibriansah G, Masuda S, Koizumi N, Nakamura S, Kumasaka T. The 1.3 Å crystal structure of a novel endo-β-1,3-glucanase of glycoside hydrolase family 16 from alkaliphilic Nocardiopsis sp. strain F96. Proteins 2007; 69:683-90. [PMID: 17879342 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guntur Fibriansah
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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24
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Jin X, Feng D, Wang H, Wang J. A novel tissue-specific plantain β-1,3-glucanase gene that is regulated in response to infection by Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1431-7. [PMID: 17530180 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new full-length beta-1,3-glucanase cDNA, MpGlu, was isolated from a plantain (Musa paradisica) by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Recombinant GST-MpGlu protein, expressed in E. coli, hydrolyzed (1-->3),(1-->6)-beta-glucan of Laminaria digitata and inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense (race 4) suggesting that it is a beta-1,3-glucanase. Southern blot analysis indicated that there is one copy of MpGlu in the plantain genome. MpGlu gene expression was detected in plantain leaves, peel, and pulp by RT-PCR. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of MpGlu was up-regulated by Fusarium infection. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that 28 residues at the N-terminal end are necessary for extracellular secretion, while 32 residues at the C-terminal end are necessary to target the protein into vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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