1
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Sui B, Zheng J, Fu Z, Zhao L, Zhou M. TRIM72 restricts lyssavirus infection by inducing K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of the matrix protein. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011718. [PMID: 38408103 PMCID: PMC10919858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is the largest subfamily of E3 ubiquitin ligases, playing a crucial role in the antiviral process. In this study, we found that TRIM72, a member of the TRIM protein family, was increased in neuronal cells and mouse brains following rabies lyssavirus (RABV) infection. Over-expression of TRIM72 significantly reduced the viral titer of RABV in neuronal cells and mitigated the pathogenicity of RABV in mice. Furthermore, we found that TRIM72 over-expression effectively prevents the assembly and/or release of RABV. In terms of the mechanism, TRIM72 promotes the K48-linked ubiquitination of RABV Matrix protein (M), leading to the degradation of M through the proteasome pathway. TRIM72 directly interacts with M and the interaction sites were identified and confirmed through TRIM72-M interaction model construction and mutation analysis. Further investigation revealed that the degradation of M induced by TRIM72 was attributed to TRIM72's promotion of ubiquitination at site K195 in M. Importantly, the K195 site was found to be partially conserved among lyssavirus's M proteins, and TRIM72 over-expression induced the degradation of these lyssavirus M proteins. In summary, our study has uncovered a TRIM family protein, TRIM72, that can restrict lyssavirus replication by degrading M, and we have identified a novel ubiquitination site (K195) in lyssavirus M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Huang Y, Gao X, He QY, Liu W. A Interacting Model: How TRIM21 Orchestrates with Proteins in Intracellular Immunity. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301142. [PMID: 37922533 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), identified as both a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase and FcR (Fragment crystallizable receptor), primarily interacts with proteins via its PRY/SPRY domains and promotes their proteasomal degradation to regulate intracellular immunity. But how TRIM21 involves in intracellular immunity still lacks systematical understanding. Herein, it is probed into the TRIM21-related literature and raises an interacting model about how TRIM21 orchestrates proteins in cytosol. In this novel model, TRIM21 generally interacts with miscellaneous protein in intracellular immunity in two ways: For one, TRIM21 solely plays as an E3, ubiquitylating a glut of proteins that contain specific interferon-regulatory factor, nuclear transcription factor kappaB, virus sensors and others, and involving inflammatory responses. For another, TRIM21 serves as both E3 and specific FcR that detects antibody-complexes and facilitates antibody destroying target proteins. Correspondingly delineated as Fc-independent signaling and Fc-dependent signaling in this review, how TRIM21's interactions contribute to intracellular immunity, expecting to provide a systematical understanding of this important protein and invest enlightenment for further research on the pathogenesis of related diseases and its prospective application is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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3
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Xu B, Wang C, Chen H, Zhang L, Gong L, Zhong L, Yang J. Protective role of MG53 against ischemia/reperfusion injury on multiple organs: A narrative review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1018971. [PMID: 36479346 PMCID: PMC9720843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1018971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical problem after coronary angioplasty, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and organ transplantation, which can lead to cell damage and death. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), also known as Trim72, is a conservative member of the TRIM family and is highly expressed in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle, with minimal amounts in humans. MG53 has been proven to be involved in repairing cell membrane damage. It has a protective effect on I/R injury in multiple oxygen-dependent organs, such as the heart, brain, lung, kidney, and liver. Recombinant human MG53 also plays a unique role in I/R, sepsis, and other aspects, which is expected to provide new ideas for related treatment. This article briefly reviews the pathophysiology of I/R injury and how MG53 mitigates multi-organ I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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4
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Cryo-EM structure of human MG53 homodimer. Biochem J 2022; 479:1909-1916. [PMID: 36053137 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MG53 is a tripartite motif (TRIM) family E3 ligase and plays important biological functions. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of human MG53, showing that MG53 is a homodimer consisting of a "body" and two "wings". Intermolecular interactions are mainly distributed in the "body" which is relatively stable, while two "wings" are more dynamic. The overall architecture of MG53 is distinct from those of TRIM20 and TRIM25, illustrating the broad structural diversity of this protein family.
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5
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MG53, A Tissue Repair Protein with Broad Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010122. [PMID: 33440658 PMCID: PMC7827922 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under natural conditions, injured cells can be repaired rapidly through inherent biological processes. However, in the case of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, muscular dystrophy, and other degenerative conditions, the natural repair process is impaired. Repair of injury to the cell membrane is an important aspect of physiology. Inadequate membrane repair function is implicated in the pathophysiology of many human disorders. Recent studies show that Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), a TRIM family protein, plays a key role in repairing cell membrane damage and facilitating tissue regeneration. Clarifying the role of MG53 and its molecular mechanism are important for the application of MG53 in regenerative medicine. In this review, we analyze current research dissecting MG53′s function in cell membrane repair and tissue regeneration, and highlight the development of recombinant human MG53 protein as a potential therapeutic agent to repair multiple-organ injuries.
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6
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Muñoz Sosa CJ, Issoglio FM, Carrizo ME. Crystal structure and mutational analysis of the human TRIM7 B30.2 domain provide insights into the molecular basis of its binding to glycogenin-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100772. [PMID: 33989636 PMCID: PMC8203840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM)7 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that was first identified through its interaction with glycogenin-1 (GN1), the autoglucosyltransferase that initiates glycogen biosynthesis. A growing body of evidence indicates that TRIM7 plays an important role in cancer development, viral pathogenesis, and atherosclerosis and, thus, represents a potential therapeutic target. TRIM family proteins share a multidomain architecture with a conserved N-terminal TRIM and a variable C-terminal domain. Human TRIM7 contains the canonical TRIM motif and a B30.2 domain at the C terminus. To contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of action of TRIM7, we solved the X-ray crystal structure of its B30.2 domain (TRIM7B30.2) in two crystal forms at resolutions of 1.6 Å and 1.8 Å. TRIM7B30.2 exhibits the typical B30.2 domain fold, consisting of two antiparallel β-sheets of seven and six strands, arranged as a distorted β-sandwich. Furthermore, two long loops partially cover the concave face of the β-sandwich defined by the β-sheet of six strands, thus forming a positively charged cavity. We used sequence conservation and mutational analyses to provide evidence of a putative binding interface for GN1. These studies showed that Leu423, Ser499, and Cys501 of TRIM7B30.2 and the C-terminal 33 amino acids of GN1 are critical for this binding interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations also revealed that hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions play a major role in the stability of a modeled TRIM7B30.2-GN1 C-terminal peptide complex. These data provide useful information that could be used to target this interaction for the development of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Muñoz Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) - CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico M Issoglio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) - CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Carrizo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) - CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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7
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Luo Y, Li K, Yang J, Zhang D, Zhou Y, Kuang Z. Crystal structure of the SPRY domain of human SPSB2 in the apo state. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:412-418. [PMID: 31204687 PMCID: PMC6572098 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1900623x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 2 (SPSB2) is one of four mammalian SPSB proteins that are characterized by a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SPRY/B30.2 domain. SPSB2 interacts with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via the SPRY domain and polyubiquitinates iNOS, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. Inhibitors that can disrupt SPSB2-iNOS interaction and augment NO production may serve as novel anti-infective and anticancer agents. The previously determined murine SPSB2 structure may not reflect the true apo conformation of the iNOS-binding site. Here, the crystal structure of human SPSB2 SPRY domain in the apo state is reported at a resolution of 1.9 Å. Comparison of the apo and ligand-bound structures reveals that the iNOS-binding site is highly preformed and that major conformational changes do not occur upon ligand binding. Moreover, the C-terminal His6 tag of the recombinant protein binds to a shallow pocket adjacent to the iNOS-binding site on a crystallographically related SPSB2 molecule. These findings may help in structure-based and fragment-based SPSB2 inhibitor design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefa Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danting Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Kuang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Chen X, Su J, Feng J, Cheng L, Li Q, Qiu C, Zheng Q. TRIM72 contributes to cardiac fibrosis via regulating STAT3/Notch-1 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17749-17756. [PMID: 30820965 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. We developed a cardiac hypertrophy model using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to uncover mechanisms relevant to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in mouse myocardial cells. TAC caused upregulation of Tripartite motif protein 72 (TRIM72), a tripartite motif-containing protein that is critical for proliferation and migration. Importantly, in vivo silencing of TRIM72 reversed TAC-induced cardiac fibrosis, as indicated by markedly increased left ventricular systolic pressure and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. TRIM72 knockdown also attenuated deposition of fibrosis marker collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In an in vitro study, TRIM72 was similarly upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts. Knockdown of TRIM72 markedly suppressed collagen type I and α-SMA expression and significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts. However, TRIM72 overexpression markedly increased collagen type I and α-SMA expression and increased the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts. Further study demonstrated that TRIM72 increased phosphorylated STAT3 in cardiac fibroblasts. TRIM72 knockdown in cardiac fibroblasts resulted in increased expression of Notch ligand Jagged-1 and its downstream gene and Notch-1 intracellular domain. Inhibition of Notch-1 abrogated sh-TRIM72-induced cardiac fibrosis. Together, our results support a novel role for TRIM72 in maintaining fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and suppressing fibroblast growth by regulating the STAT3/Notch-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Zhou L, Middel V, Reischl M, Strähle U, Nienhaus GU. Distinct amino acid motifs carrying multiple positive charges regulate membrane targeting of dysferlin and MG53. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202052. [PMID: 30092031 PMCID: PMC6084962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin (Dysf) and mitsugumin53 (MG53) are two key proteins involved in membrane repair of muscle cells which are efficiently recruited to the sarcolemma upon lesioning. Plasma membrane localization and recruitment of a Dysf fragment to membrane lesions in zebrafish myofibers relies on the presence of a short, polybasic amino acid motif, WRRFK. Here we show that the positive charges carried by this motif are responsible for this function. In mouse MG53, we have identified a similar motif with multiple basic residues, WKKMFR. A single amino acid replacement, K279A, leads to severe aggregation of MG53 in inclusion bodies in HeLa cells. This result is due to the loss of positive charge, as shown by studying the effects of other neutral amino acids at position 279. Consequently, our data suggest that positively charged amino acid stretches play an essential role in the localization and function of Dysf and MG53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volker Middel
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Applied Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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10
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Nagre N, Cong X, Terrazas C, Pepper I, Schreiber JM, Fu H, Sill JM, Christman JW, Satoskar AR, Zhao X. Inhibition of Macrophage Complement Receptor CRIg by TRIM72 Polarizes Innate Immunity of the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:756-766. [PMID: 29268030 PMCID: PMC6002657 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0236oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses against pathogens. However, its identity and regulation in the lung are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the role of tripartite motif protein (TRIM) 72 in regulating complement receptor (CR) of the Ig superfamily (CRIg) in alveolar macrophage (AM) and innate immunity of the lung. Imaging, absorbance quantification, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate in vitro and in vivo AM phagocytosis with normal, or altered, TRIM72 expression. Pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, and gradient binding assays were applied to examine TRIM72 and CRIg interaction. A pneumonia model was established by intratracheal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality, lung bacterial burden, and cytokine levels in BAL fluid and lung tissues were examined. Our data show that TRIM72 inhibited CR-mediated phagocytosis, and release of TRIM72 inhibition led to increased AM phagocytosis. Biochemical assays identified CRIg as a binding partner of TRIM72, and TRIM72 inhibited formation of the CRIg-phagosome. Genetic ablation of TRIM72 led to improved pathogen clearance, reduced cytokine storm, and improved survival in murine models of severe pneumonia, specificity of which was confirmed by adoptive transfer of wild-type or TRIM72KO AMs to AM-depleted TRIM72KO mice. TRIM72 overexpression promoted bacteria-induced NF-κB activation in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Our data revealed a quiescent, noninflammatory bacterial clearance mechanism in the lung via AM CRIg, which is suppressed by TRIM72. In vivo data suggest that targeted suppression of TRIM72 in AM may be an effective measure to treat fatal pulmonary bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - César Terrazas
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - John M. Schreiber
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Hongyun Fu
- Division of Community Health and Research, Pediatrics Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joshua M. Sill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; and
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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11
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Gushchina LV, Kwiatkowski TA, Bhattacharya S, Weisleder NL. Conserved structural and functional aspects of the tripartite motif gene family point towards therapeutic applications in multiple diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 185:12-25. [PMID: 29097306 PMCID: PMC5721676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) gene family is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that can establish substrate specificity for the ubiquitin-proteasome complex and also have proteasome-independent functions. While several family members were studied previously, it is relatively recent that over 80 genes, based on sequence homology, were grouped to establish the TRIM gene family. Functional studies of various TRIM genes linked these proteins to modulation of inflammatory responses showing that they can contribute to a wide variety of disease states including cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as various forms of cancer. Given the fundamental role of the ubiquitin-proteasome complex in protein turnover and the importance of this regulation in most aspects of cellular physiology, it is not surprising that TRIM proteins display a wide spectrum of functions in a variety of cellular processes. This broad range of function and the highly conserved primary amino acid sequence of family members, particularly in the canonical TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase domain, complicates the development of therapeutics that specifically target these proteins. A more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of TRIM proteins will help guide therapeutic development for a number of different diseases. This review summarizes the structural organization of TRIM proteins, their domain architecture, common and unique post-translational modifications within the family, and potential binding partners and targets. Further discussion is provided on efforts to target TRIM proteins as therapeutic agents and how our increasing understanding of the nature of TRIM proteins can guide discovery of other therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Gushchina
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Kwiatkowski
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Noah L Weisleder
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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Chen Z, Yin X, Li K, Chen S, Li H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Qiu Y. Serum Levels of TRIM72 Are Lower among Patients with Colon Cancer: Identification of a Potential Diagnostic Marker. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 245:61-68. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.245.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Kaifei Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Haixia Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Yao Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Haifang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
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13
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Tan T, Ko YG, Ma J. Dual function of MG53 in membrane repair and insulin signaling. BMB Rep 2017; 49:414-23. [PMID: 27174502 PMCID: PMC5070728 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.8.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MG53 is a member of the TRIM-family protein that acts as a key component of the cell membrane repair machinery. MG53 is also an E3-ligase that ubiquinates insulin receptor substrate-1 and controls insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells. Since its discovery in 2009, research efforts have been devoted to translate this basic discovery into clinical applications in human degenerative and metabolic diseases. This review article highlights the dual function of MG53 in cell membrane repair and insulin signaling, the mechanism that underlies the control of MG53 function, and the therapeutic value of targeting MG53 function in regenerative medicine. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(8): 414-423]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Mitsugumin 53 regulates extracellular Ca 2+ entry and intracellular Ca 2+ release via Orai1 and RyR1 in skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36909. [PMID: 27841305 PMCID: PMC5107933 DOI: 10.1038/srep36909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) participates in the membrane repair of various cells, and skeletal muscle is the major tissue that expresses MG53. Except for the regulatory effects of MG53 on SERCA1a, the role(s) of MG53 in the unique functions of skeletal muscle such as muscle contraction have not been well examined. Here, a new MG53-interacting protein, Orai1, is identified in skeletal muscle. To examine the functional relevance of the MG53-Orai1 interaction, MG53 was over-expressed in mouse primary or C2C12 skeletal myotubes and the functional properties of the myotubes were examined using cell physiological and biochemical approaches. The PRY-SPRY region of MG53 binds to Orai1, and MG53 and Orai1 are co-localized in the plasma membrane of skeletal myotubes. MG53-Orai1 interaction enhances extracellular Ca2+ entry via a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanism in skeletal myotubes. Interestingly, skeletal myotubes over-expressing MG53 or PRY-SPRY display a reduced intracellular Ca2+ release in response to K+-membrane depolarization or caffeine stimulation, suggesting a reduction in RyR1 channel activity. Expressions of TRPC3, TRPC4, and calmodulin 1 are increased in the myotubes, and MG53 directly binds to TRPC3, which suggests a possibility that TRPC3 also participates in the enhanced extracellular Ca2+ entry. Thus, MG53 could participate in regulating extracellular Ca2+ entry via Orai1 during SOCE and also intracellular Ca2+ release via RyR1 during skeletal muscle contraction.
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15
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from bacterial toxins and parasites, and by mechanical and ischemic stress. The wounded cell can survive if a rapid repair response is mounted that restores boundary integrity. Calcium has been identified as the key trigger to activate an effective membrane repair response that utilizes exocytosis and endocytosis to repair a membrane tear, or remove a membrane pore. We here review what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of membrane repair, with particular emphasis on the relevance of repair as it relates to disease pathologies. Collective evidence reveals membrane repair employs primitive yet robust molecular machinery, such as vesicle fusion and contractile rings, processes evolutionarily honed for simplicity and success. Yet to be fully understood is whether core membrane repair machinery exists in all cells, or whether evolutionary adaptation has resulted in multiple compensatory repair pathways that specialize in different tissues and cells within our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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16
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Kellner JN, Meinhart A. Structure of the SPRY domain of the human RNA helicase DDX1, a putative interaction platform within a DEAD-box protein. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1176-88. [PMID: 26323305 PMCID: PMC4555926 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15013709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human RNA helicase DDX1 in the DEAD-box family plays an important role in RNA processing and has been associated with HIV-1 replication and tumour progression. Whereas previously described DEAD-box proteins have a structurally conserved core, DDX1 shows a unique structural feature: a large SPRY-domain insertion in its RecA-like consensus fold. SPRY domains are known to function as protein-protein interaction platforms. Here, the crystal structure of the SPRY domain of human DDX1 (hDSPRY) is reported at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure reveals two layers of concave, antiparallel β-sheets that stack onto each other and a third β-sheet beneath the β-sandwich. A comparison with SPRY-domain structures from other eukaryotic proteins showed that the general β-sandwich fold is conserved; however, differences were detected in the loop regions, which were identified in other SPRY domains to be essential for interaction with cognate partners. In contrast, in hDSPRY these loop regions are not strictly conserved across species. Interestingly, though, a conserved patch of positive surface charge is found that may replace the connecting loops as a protein-protein interaction surface. The data presented here comprise the first structural information on DDX1 and provide insights into the unique domain architecture of this DEAD-box protein. By providing the structure of a putative interaction domain of DDX1, this work will serve as a basis for further studies of the interaction network within the hetero-oligomeric complexes of DDX1 and of its recruitment to the HIV-1 Rev protein as a viral replication factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian N Kellner
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton Meinhart
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Crystal structure of TRIM20 C-terminal coiled-coil/B30.2 fragment: implications for the recognition of higher order oligomers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10819. [PMID: 26043233 PMCID: PMC4455283 DOI: 10.1038/srep10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, comprising RING-finger, B-Box, and coiled-coil domains, carry additional B30.2 domains on the C-terminus of the TRIM motif and are considered to be pattern recognition receptors involved in the detection of higher order oligomers (e.g. viral capsid proteins). To investigate the spatial architecture of domains in TRIM proteins we determined the crystal structure of the TRIM20Δ413 fragment at 2.4 Å resolution. This structure comprises the central helical scaffold (CHS) and C-terminal B30.2 domains and reveals an anti-parallel arrangement of CHS domains placing the B-box domains 170 Å apart from each other. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that the linker between CHS and B30.2 domains is flexible in solution. The crystal structure suggests an interaction between the B30.2 domain and an extended stretch in the CHS domain, which involves residues that are mutated in the inherited disease Familial Mediterranean Fever. Dimerization of B30.2 domains by means of the CHS domain is crucial for TRIM20 to bind pro-IL-1β in vitro. To exemplify how TRIM proteins could be involved in binding higher order oligomers we discuss three possible models for the TRIM5α/HIV-1 capsid interaction assuming different conformations of B30.2 domains.
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18
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D'Cruz AA, Babon JJ, Norton RS, Nicola NA, Nicholson SE. Structure and function of the SPRY/B30.2 domain proteins involved in innate immunity. Protein Sci 2014; 22:1-10. [PMID: 23139046 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The SPRY domain is a protein interaction module found in 77 murine and ~100 human proteins, and is implicated in important biological pathways, including those that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The current definition of the SPRY domain is based on a sequence repeat discovered in the splA kinase and ryanodine receptors. The greater SPRY family is divided into the B30.2 (which contains a PRY extension at the N-terminus) and "SPRY-only" sub-families. In this brief review, we examine the current structural and biochemical literature on SPRY/B30.2 domain involvement in key immune processes and highlight a PRY-like 60 amino acid region in the N-terminus of "SPRY-only" proteins. Phylogenetic, structural, and functional analyses suggest that this N-terminal region is related to the PRY region of B30.2 and should be characterized as part of an extended SPRY domain. Greater understanding of the functional importance of the N-terminal region in "SPRY only" proteins will enhance our ability to interrogate SPRY interactions with their respective binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A D'Cruz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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19
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MG53-induced IRS-1 ubiquitination negatively regulates skeletal myogenesis and insulin signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2354. [PMID: 23965929 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) negatively regulates skeletal myogenesis by targeting insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). Here, we show that MG53 is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that induces IRS-1 ubiquitination with the help of an E2-conjugating enzyme, UBE2H. Molecular manipulations that disrupt the E3-ligase function of MG53 abolish IRS-1 ubiquitination and enhance skeletal myogenesis. Skeletal muscles derived from the MG53-/- mice show an elevated IRS-1 level with enhanced insulin signalling, which protects the MG53-/- mice from developing insulin resistance when challenged with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Muscle samples derived from human diabetic patients and mice with insulin resistance show normal expression of MG53, indicating that altered MG53 expression does not serve as a causative factor for the development of metabolic disorders. Thus, therapeutic interventions that target the interaction between MG53 and IRS-1 may be a novel approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases that are associated with insulin resistance.
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20
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Crystal structure of the TRIM25 B30.2 (PRYSPRY) domain: a key component of antiviral signalling. Biochem J 2014; 456:231-40. [PMID: 24015671 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins primarily function as ubiquitin E3 ligases that regulate the innate immune response to infection. TRIM25 [also known as Efp (oestrogen-responsive finger protein)] has been implicated in the regulation of oestrogen receptor α signalling and in the regulation of innate immune signalling via RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I). RIG-I senses cytosolic viral RNA and is subsequently ubiquitinated by TRIM25 at its N-terminal CARDs (caspase recruitment domains), leading to type I interferon production. The interaction with RIG-I is dependent on the TRIM25 B30.2 domain, a protein-interaction domain composed of the PRY and SPRY tandem sequence motifs. In the present study we describe the 1.8 Å crystal structure of the TRIM25 B30.2 domain, which exhibits a typical B30.2/SPRY domain fold comprising two N-terminal α-helices, thirteen β-strands arranged into two β-sheets and loop regions of varying lengths. A comparison with other B30.2/SPRY structures and an analysis of the loop regions identified a putative binding pocket, which is likely to be involved in binding target proteins. This was supported by mutagenesis and functional analyses, which identified two key residues (Asp(488) and Trp(621)) in the TRIM25 B30.2 domain as being critical for binding to the RIG-I CARDs.
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21
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Kim PY, Rahmanto AS, Tan O, Norris MD, Haber M, Marshall GM, Cheung BB. TRIM16 overexpression induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2013; 18:639-51. [PMID: 23404198 PMCID: PMC3618413 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRIM16 exhibits tumour suppressor functions by interacting with cytoplasmic vimentin and nuclear E2F1 proteins in neuroblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells, reducing cell migration and replication. Reduced TRIM16 expression in a range of human primary malignant tissues correlates with increased malignant potential. TRIM16 also induces apoptosis in breast and lung cancer cells, by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that overexpression of TRIM16 induces apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF7) and neuroblastoma (BE(2)-C) cells, but not in non-malignant HEK293 cells. TRIM16 increased procaspase-2 protein levels in MCF7 and induced caspase-2 activity in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells. We show that TRIM16 and caspase-2 proteins directly interact in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells and co-localise in MCF7 cells. Most importantly, the induction of caspase-2 activity is required for TRIM16 to initiate apoptosis. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which TRIM16 can promote apoptosis by directly modulating caspase-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Kim
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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22
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Biris N, Tomashevski A, Bhattacharya A, Diaz-Griffero F, Ivanov DN. Rhesus monkey TRIM5α SPRY domain recognizes multiple epitopes that span several capsid monomers on the surface of the HIV-1 mature viral core. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:5032-44. [PMID: 23886867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The restriction factor TRIM5α binds to the capsid protein of the retroviral core and blocks retroviral replication. The affinity of TRIM5α for the capsid is a major host tropism determinant of HIV and other primate immunodeficiency viruses, but the molecular interface involved in this host-pathogen interaction remains poorly characterized. Here we use NMR spectroscopy to investigate binding of the rhesus TRIM5α SPRY domain to a selection of HIV capsid constructs. The data are consistent with a model in which one SPRY domain interacts with more than one capsid monomer within the assembled retroviral core. The highly mobile SPRY v1 loop appears to span the gap between neighboring capsid hexamers making interhexamer contacts critical for restriction. The interaction interface is extensive, involves mobile loops and multiple epitopes, and lacks interaction hot spots. These properties, which may enhance resistance of TRIM5α to capsid mutations, result in relatively low affinity of the individual SPRY domains for the capsid, and the TRIM5α-mediated restriction depends on the avidity effect arising from the oligomerization of TRIM5α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Biris
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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23
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Mitsugumin 53 attenuates the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 1a (SERCA1a) in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:383-8. [PMID: 23103543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is a member of the membrane repair system in skeletal muscle. However, the roles of MG53 in the unique functions of skeletal muscle have not been addressed, although it is known that MG53 is expressed only in skeletal and cardiac muscle. In the present study, MG53-binding proteins were examined along with proteins that mediate skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation using the binding assays of various MG53 domains and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MG53 binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 1a (SERCA1a) via its tripartite motif (TRIM) and PRY domains. The binding was confirmed in rabbit skeletal muscle and mouse primary skeletal myotubes by co-immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry. MG53 knockdown in mouse primary skeletal myotubes increased Ca(2+)-uptake through SERCA1a (more than 35%) at micromolar Ca(2+) but not at nanomolar Ca(2+), suggesting that MG53 attenuates SERCA1a activity possibly during skeletal muscle contraction or relaxation but not during the resting state of skeletal muscle. Therefore MG53 could be a new candidate for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Brody syndrome, which is not related to the mutations in the gene coding for SERCA1a, but still accompanies exercise-induced muscle stiffness and delayed muscle relaxation due to a reduction in SERCA1a activity.
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24
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Nishi M, Aoyama F, Kisa F, Zhu H, Sun M, Lin P, Ohta H, Van B, Yamamoto S, Kakizawa S, Sakai H, Ma J, Sawaguchi A, Takeshima H. TRIM50 protein regulates vesicular trafficking for acid secretion in gastric parietal cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33523-32. [PMID: 22872646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.370551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the TRIM/RBCC family proteins taking part in a variety of cellular processes, TRIM50 is a stomach-specific member with no defined biological function. Our biochemical data demonstrated that TRIM50 is specifically expressed in gastric parietal cells and is predominantly localized in the tubulovesicular and canalicular membranes. In cultured cells ectopically expressing GFP-TRIM50, confocal microscopic imaging revealed dynamic movement of TRIM50-associated vesicles in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner. A protein overlay assay detected preferential binding of the PRY-SPRY domain from the TRIM50 C-terminal region to phosphatidylinositol species, suggesting that TRIM50 is involved in vesicular dynamics by sensing the phosphorylated state of phosphoinositol lipids. Trim50 knock-out mice retained normal histology in the gastric mucosa but exhibited impaired secretion of gastric acid. In response to histamine, Trim50 knock-out parietal cells generated deranged canaliculi, swollen microvilli lacking actin filaments, and excess multilamellar membrane complexes. Therefore, TRIM50 seems to play an essential role in tubulovesicular dynamics, promoting the formation of sophisticated canaliculi and microvilli during acid secretion in parietal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Nishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Han K, Lou DI, Sawyer SL. Identification of a genomic reservoir for new TRIM genes in primate genomes. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002388. [PMID: 22144910 PMCID: PMC3228819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite Motif (TRIM) ubiquitin ligases act in the innate immune response against viruses. One of the best characterized members of this family, TRIM5α, serves as a potent retroviral restriction factor with activity against HIV. Here, we characterize what are likely to be the youngest TRIM genes in the human genome. For instance, we have identified 11 TRIM genes that are specific to humans and African apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas) and another 7 that are human-specific. Many of these young genes have never been described, and their identification brings the total number of known human TRIM genes to approximately 100. These genes were acquired through segmental duplications, most of which originated from a single locus on chromosome 11. Another polymorphic duplication of this locus has resulted in these genes being copy number variable within the human population, with a Han Chinese woman identified as having 12 additional copies of these TRIM genes compared to other individuals screened in this study. Recently, this locus was annotated as one of 34 "hotspot" regions that are also copy number variable in the genomes of chimpanzees and rhesus macaques. Most of the young TRIM genes originating from this locus are expressed, spliced, and contain signatures of positive natural selection in regions known to determine virus recognition in TRIM5α. However, we find that they do not restrict the same retroviruses as TRIM5α, consistent with the high degree of divergence observed in the regions that control target specificity. We propose that this recombinationally volatile locus serves as a reservoir from which new TRIM genes arise through segmental duplication, allowing primates to continually acquire new antiviral genes that can be selected to target new and evolving pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyudong Han
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dianne I. Lou
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara L. Sawyer
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Ohkura S, Goldstone DC, Yap MW, Holden-Dye K, Taylor IA, Stoye JP. Novel escape mutants suggest an extensive TRIM5α binding site spanning the entire outer surface of the murine leukemia virus capsid protein. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002011. [PMID: 21483490 PMCID: PMC3068999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After entry into target cells, retroviruses encounter the host restriction
factors such as Fv1 and TRIM5α. While it is clear that these factors target
retrovirus capsid proteins (CA), recognition remains poorly defined in the
absence of structural information. To better understand the binding interaction
between TRIM5α and CA, we selected a panel of novel N-tropic murine
leukaemia virus (N-MLV) escape mutants by a serial passage of replication
competent N-MLV in rhesus macaque TRIM5α (rhTRIM5α)-positive cells using
a small percentage of unrestricted cells to allow multiple rounds of virus
replication. The newly identified mutations, many of which involve changes in
charge, are distributed over the outer ‘top’ surface of N-MLV CA,
including the N-terminal β-hairpin, and map up to 29 Ao apart.
Biological characterisation with a number of restriction factors revealed that
only one of the new mutations affects restriction by human TRIM5α,
indicating significant differences in the binding interaction between N-MLV and
the two TRIM5αs, whereas three of the mutations result in dual sensitivity
to Fv1n and Fv1b. Structural studies of two mutants show
that no major changes in the overall CA conformation are associated with escape
from restriction. We conclude that interactions involving much, if not all, of
the surface of CA are vital for TRIM5α binding. Host restriction factors such as TRIM5α are important for preventing cross
species transmission of a variety of retroviruses. They act to block viral
replication but their mode of virus recognition is poorly understood. To address
this question we have developed a procedure for isolating viruses that replicate
in the presence of restriction factors. Analysis of these viruses shows that
individual mutations across the entire surface of the viral capsid molecule can
relieve restriction. Escape from TRIM5α of one species does not necessarily
lead to escape from another. It seems likely that restriction factor recognition
involves extensive weak contacts between factor and virus. We suggest that this
represents an important design feature in a system that recognizes multiple
pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadayuki Ohkura
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research,
London, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Goldstone
- Division of Molecular Structure, MRC National Institute for Medical
Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melvyn W. Yap
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research,
London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Holden-Dye
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research,
London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Taylor
- Division of Molecular Structure, MRC National Institute for Medical
Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Stoye
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research,
London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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27
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Filippakopoulos P, Low A, Sharpe TD, Uppenberg J, Yao S, Kuang Z, Savitsky P, Lewis RS, Nicholson SE, Norton RS, Bullock AN. Structural basis for Par-4 recognition by the SPRY domain- and SOCS box-containing proteins SPSB1, SPSB2, and SPSB4. J Mol Biol 2010; 401:389-402. [PMID: 20561531 PMCID: PMC2923778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian SPRY domain- and SOCS box-containing proteins, SPSB1 to SPSB4, belong to the SOCS box family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Substrate recognition sites for the SPRY domain are identified only for human Par-4 (ELNNNL) and for the Drosophila orthologue GUSTAVUS binding to the DEAD-box RNA helicase VASA (DINNNN). To further investigate this consensus motif, we determined the crystal structures of SPSB1, SPSB2, and SPSB4, as well as their binding modes and affinities for both Par-4 and VASA. Mutation of each of the three Asn residues in Par-4 abrogated binding to all three SPSB proteins, while changing EL to DI enhanced binding. By comparison to SPSB1 and SPSB4, the more divergent protein SPSB2 showed only weak binding to Par-4 and was hypersensitive to DI substitution. Par-4(59–77) binding perturbed NMR resonances from a number of SPSB2 residues flanking the ELNNN binding site, including loop D, which binds the EL/DI sequence. Although interactions with the consensus peptide motif were conserved in all structures, flanking sites in SPSB2 were identified as sites of structural change. These structural changes limit high-affinity interactions for SPSB2 to aspartate-containing sequences, whereas SPSB1 and SPSB4 bind strongly to both Par-4 and VASA peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Andrew Low
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Sharpe
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jonas Uppenberg
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shenggen Yao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Zhihe Kuang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rowena S. Lewis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Nicholson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Corresponding authors.
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