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Hall RR, Cohall DH. The Relationship between Muscarinic and Cannabinoid Receptors in Neuronal Excitability and Epilepsy: A Review. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2024; 7:91-98. [PMID: 39015608 PMCID: PMC11250071 DOI: 10.1159/000538297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Of the seventy million people who suffer from epilepsy, 40 percent of them become resistant to more than one antiepileptic medication and have a higher chance of death. While the classical definition of epilepsy was due to the imbalance between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic signalling, substantial evidence implicates muscarinic receptors in the regulation of neural excitability. Summary Cannabinoids have shown to reduce seizure activity and neuronal excitability in several epileptic models through the activation of muscarinic receptors with drugs which modulate their activity. Cannabinoids also have been effective in reducing antiepileptic activity in pharmaco-resistant individuals; however, the mechanism of its effects in temporal lobe epilepsy is not clear. Key Messages This review seeks to elucidate the relationship between muscarinic and cannabinoid receptors in epilepsy and neural excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Renaldo Hall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Damian Hugh Cohall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
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Silkis IG. Role of Acetylcholine and GABAergic Inhibitory Transmission in Seizure Pattern Generation in Neural Networks Integrating the Neocortex, Hippocampus, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lehner KR, Silverman HA, Addorisio ME, Roy A, Al-Onaizi MA, Levine Y, Olofsson PS, Chavan SS, Gros R, Nathanson NM, Al-Abed Y, Metz CN, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA. Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling Regulates Innate Immune Responses and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:585. [PMID: 31024522 PMCID: PMC6455130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain regulates physiological functions integral to survival. However, the insight into brain neuronal regulation of peripheral immune function and the neuromediator systems and pathways involved remains limited. Here, utilizing selective genetic and pharmacological approaches, we studied the role of forebrain cholinergic signaling in the regulation of peripheral immune function and inflammation. Forebrain-selective genetic ablation of acetylcholine release and vagotomy abolished the suppression of serum TNF by the centrally-acting cholinergic drug galantamine in murine endotoxemia. Selective stimulation of acetylcholine action on the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR) by central administration of the positive allosteric modulator benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) suppressed serum TNF (TNFα) levels in murine endotoxemia. This effect was recapitulated by peripheral administration of the compound. BQCA also improved survival in murine endotoxemia and these effects were abolished in M1 mAChR knockout (KO) mice. Selective optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervating brain regions with abundant M1 mAChR localization reduced serum TNF in endotoxemic mice. These findings reveal that forebrain cholinergic neurons regulate innate immune responses and inflammation, suggesting the possibility that in diseases associated with cholinergic dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease this anti-inflammatory regulation can be impaired. These results also suggest novel anti-inflammatory approaches based on targeting forebrain cholinergic signaling in sepsis and other disorders characterized by immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Lehner
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Harold A. Silverman
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Meghan E. Addorisio
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ashbeel Roy
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Onaizi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Yaakov Levine
- SetPoint Medical Corporation, Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Robert Gros
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Neil M. Nathanson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Christine N. Metz
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Vania F. Prado
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A. M. Prado
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Faro LRF, Fajardo D, Durán R, Alfonso M. Characterization of acute intrastriatal effects of paraoxon on in vivo dopaminergic neurotransmission using microdialysis in freely moving rats. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:124-128. [PMID: 30292885 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxon (POX) is an extremely neurotoxic organophosphorous compound (OP) which main toxic mechanism is the irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. Although the cholinergic system has always been linked as responsible for its acute effects, experimental studies have suggested that the dopaminergic system also may be a potential target for OPs. Based on this, in this study, the acute intrastriatal effects of POX on dopaminergic neurotransmission were characterized in vivo using brain microdialysis in freely moving rats. In situ administration of POX (5, 25 and 50 nmol, 60 min) significantly increased the striatal dopamine overflow (to 435 ± 79%, 1066 ± 120%, and 1861 ± 332%, respectively), whereas a lower concentration (0.5 nmol) did not affect dopamine levels. Administration of POX (25 nmol) to atropine (15 nmol) pretreated animals, produced an increase in dopamine overflow that was ∼63% smaller than those observed in animals not pretreated. Administration of POX (25 nmol) to mecamylamine (35 nmol) pretreated animals did not significantly affect the POX-induced dopamine release. Our results suggest that acute administration of POX increases the dopamine release in a concentration-dependent way, being this release dependent on acetylcholinesterase inhibition and mediated predominantly by the activation of striatal muscarinic receptors, once the muscarinic antagonist atropine partially blocks the POX-induced dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian R F Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Daniel Fajardo
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Miller SL, Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Pidoplichko VI, Figueiredo TH, Apland JP, Krishnan JKS, Braga MFM. The M1 Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist VU0255035 Delays the Development of Status Epilepticus after Organophosphate Exposure and Prevents Hyperexcitability in the Basolateral Amygdala. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:23-32. [PMID: 27799295 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.236125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphorus toxins induces seizures that progress to status epilepticus (SE), which can cause brain damage or death. Seizures are generated by hyperstimulation of muscarinic receptors, subsequent to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase; this is followed by glutamatergic hyperactivity, which sustains and reinforces seizure activity. It has been unclear which muscarinic receptor subtypes are involved in seizure initiation and the development of SE in the early phases after exposure. Here, we show that pretreatment of rats with the selective M1 receptor antagonist, VU0255035 [N-(3-oxo-3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4 sulfonamide], significantly suppressed seizure severity and prevented the development of SE for about 40 minutes after exposure to paraoxon or soman, suggesting an important role of the M1 receptor in the early phases of seizure generation. In addition, in in vitro brain slices of the basolateral amygdala (a brain region that plays a key role in seizure initiation after nerve agent exposure), VU0255035 blocked the effects produced by bath application of paraoxon-namely, a brief barrage of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, followed by a significant increase in the ratio of the total charge transferred by spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents over that of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Furthermore, paraoxon enhanced the hyperpolarization-activated cation current Ih in basolateral amygdala principal cells, which could be one of the mechanisms underlying the increased glutamatergic activity, an effect that was also blocked in the presence of VU0255035. Thus, selective M1 antagonists may be an efficacious pretreatment in contexts in which there is risk for exposure to organophosphates, as these antagonists will delay the development of SE long enough for medical assistance to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Miller
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
| | - Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
| | - Volodymyr I Pidoplichko
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
| | - Taiza H Figueiredo
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
| | - James P Apland
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
| | - Jishnu K S Krishnan
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
| | - Maria F M Braga
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics (S.L.M., V.A.-A., V.I.P., T.H.F., J.K.S.K., M.F.M.B.) and Psychiatry (V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), and Program in Neuroscience (S.L.M., V.A.-A., M.F.M.B.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (J.P.A.)
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