1
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Gai J, Liu L, Zhang X, Guan J, Mao S. Impact of the diseased lung microenvironment on the in vivo fate of inhaled particles. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104019. [PMID: 38729235 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation drug delivery is superior for local lung disease therapy. However, there are several unique absorption barriers for inhaled drugs to overcome, including limited drug deposition at the target site, mucociliary clearance, pulmonary macrophage phagocytosis, and systemic exposure. Moreover, the respiratory disease state can affect or even destroy the physiology of the lung, thus influencing the in vivo fate of inhaled particles compared with that in healthy lungs. Nevertheless, limited information is available on this effect. Thus, in this review, we present pathological changes of the lung microenvironment under varied respiratory diseases and their influence on the in vivo fate of inhaled particles; such insights could provide a basis for rational inhalation particle design based on specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jian Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, China.
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2
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Emran TB, Eva TA, Zehravi M, Islam F, Khan J, Kareemulla S, Arjun UVNV, Balakrishnan A, Taru PP, Nainu F, Salim E, Rab SO, Nafady MH, Wilairatana P, Park MN, Kim B. Polyphenols as Therapeutics in Respiratory Diseases: Moving from Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3236-3256. [PMID: 38904027 PMCID: PMC11186353 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the most common and severe health complication and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment, few safe and effective therapeutics have been reported. Phytochemicals are gaining popularity due to their beneficial effects and low toxicity. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites with high molecular weights found at high levels in natural food sources such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and citrus seeds. Over recent decades, polyphenols and their beneficial effects on human health have been the subject of intense research, with notable successes in preventing major chronic non-communicable diseases. Many respiratory syndromes can be treated effectively with polyphenolic supplements, including acute lung damage, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. This review summarizes the role of polyphenols in respiratory conditions with sufficient experimental data, highlights polyphenols with beneficial effects for each, and identifies those with therapeutic potential and their underlying mechanisms. Moreover, clinical studies and future research opportunities in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Taslima Akter Eva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jishan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Shaik Kareemulla
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, M. M. College of Pharmacy (Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Uppuluri Varuna Naga Venkata Arjun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology, and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GRT Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tiruttani, India
| | - Poonam Popatrao Taru
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Kondhwa, Pune, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Emil Salim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yuandani, Jantan I, Salim E, Septama AW, Rullah K, Nainu F, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Emran TB, Roney M, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Fadhil As'ad M, Shamsudin NF, Abdullah MA, Marwa Rani HL, Al Chaira DM, Aulia N. Mechanistic insights into anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of plant secondary metabolites and their therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2931-2961. [PMID: 38600726 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of plant secondary metabolites are due to their diverse mechanisms of action against multifarious molecular targets such as modulation of the complex immune system associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review discussed and critically analyzed the potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of several phytochemicals and their underlying mechanisms in association with RA in experimental studies, including preliminary clinical studies of some of them. A wide range of phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, terpenoids, alkaloids, and glycosides have shown significant immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental RA models and a few have undergone clinical trials for their efficacy and safety in reducing RA symptoms and improve patient outcomes. These phytochemicals have potential as safer alternatives to the existing drugs in the management of RA, which possess a wide range of serious side effects. Sufficient preclinical studies on safety and efficacy of these phytochemicals must be performed prior to proper clinical studies. Further studies are needed to address the barriers that have so far limited their human use before the therapeutic potential of these plant-based chemicals as anti-arthritic agents in the treatment of RA is fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Emil Salim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Talhah Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aini Khairunnisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Halimah Raina Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muh Fadhil As'ad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Pelamonia Health Sciences Institute, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Aisyah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Haya Luthfiyyah Marwa Rani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Diany Mahabbah Al Chaira
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Aulia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Deepika, Dakal TC, Sharma NK, Ranga V, Maurya PK. Naringenin Orchestrates and Regulates the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Pathways and Proinflammatory Signaling: Targeting Hallmarks of Aging-Associated Disorders. Rejuvenation Res 2024; 27:3-16. [PMID: 38308480 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of flavonoids in the management of infectious diseases, cancers, chronic wounds, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders has been well documented in scientific literature. The citric flavonoid naringenin comes under the category of flavanone and exhibits a plethora of health benefits. Very few flavonoids such as curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol have been studied to exert their anti-aging properties in humans. The effect of naringenin in the context of age-associated disorders in detail has not been elucidated yet. The databases used for the literature search were Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. More emphasis has been put on the recent literature on "naringenin" and its effect on "age-associated disorders." Almost all chronic degenerative disorders are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The study aims at highlighting the reactive oxygen species-mediated activity of naringenin and the underlying molecular mechanism leading to the prevention of various age-associated disorders. Altogether, the review presents a systematic comprehension of the pharmaceutical and clinicopathological benefits of naringenin in age-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, INDIA
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vipin Ranga
- DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, INDIA
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Bustos-Salgado P, Domínguez-Villegas V, Andrade-Carrera B, Mallandrich M, Calpena A, Domènech O, Martínez-Ruiz S, Badía J, Baldomà L, Gómez de Aranda I, Blasi J, Garduño-Ramírez ML. PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Natural Flavanones for Ocular Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2752. [PMID: 38140093 PMCID: PMC10748021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavanones are natural compounds that display anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this work was to prepare PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing natural flavanones I ((2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-il)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one) and II (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one) (NP I and NP II, respectively) so as to evaluate their potential for topical anti-inflammatory ocular therapy. An in silico study was carried out using the Molinspiration® and PASS Online web platforms before evaluating the in vitro release study and the ex vivo porcine cornea and sclera permeation. The HPLC analytical method was also established and validated. Finally, the in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy of NPs was studied in the HCE-2 model. The flavanones I and II could be released following a kinetic hyperbolic model. Neither of the two NPs was able to permeate through the tissues. NP I and NP II were found to be respectful of any changes in the tissues' morphology, as evidenced by histological studies. In HCE-2 cells, NP I and NP II were not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 25 µM. NP I showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than NP II, being able to significantly reduce IL-8 production in LPS-treated HCE-2 cells. In summary, ocular treatment with NP I and NP II could be used as a promising therapy for the inhibition of ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bustos-Salgado
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (B.A.-C.); (A.C.); (O.D.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeri Domínguez-Villegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Berenice Andrade-Carrera
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (B.A.-C.); (A.C.); (O.D.)
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Calle Iztaccihuatl S/N, Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (B.A.-C.); (A.C.); (O.D.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Calpena
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (B.A.-C.); (A.C.); (O.D.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Domènech
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 29-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.B.-S.); (B.A.-C.); (A.C.); (O.D.)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ruiz
- Department de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Josefa Badía
- Department de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Department de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (J.B.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gómez de Aranda
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.d.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Juan Blasi
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.d.A.); (J.B.)
| | - María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
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Ling Y, Yang D, Yang S. Clinical characteristics, early blood biochemical indicators, and prognostic status of children with bronchopneumonia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36162. [PMID: 38013276 PMCID: PMC10681375 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinical characteristics, early blood biochemical indicators, and prognostic status of children with bronchopneumonia. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 500 children diagnosed with bronchopneumonia at our hospital from June 2019 to December 2022. Based on the severity of the disease, patients were assigned to the severe group (n = 180) or mild group (n = 320), and an additional 150 healthy children were chosen as the control group. Blood indicators [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), serum potassium (K+), serum sodium (Na+)], inflammatory markers [interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT)], and cardiac enzyme profiles [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)] were compared among the 3 groups. The severe group showed more signs such as diarrhea, pleural effusion, and respiratory distress than the mild group. AST levels in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group and control group, while CO2CP, K+, and Na+ were lower than those in the mild group and control group. AST levels in the mild group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while CO2CP and Na + were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). IL-10, IL-17, PCT, and CRP levels in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group and control group, while those in the mild group were higher than those in the control group (P < .05). CK, CK-MB, LDH, and α-HBDH levels in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group and control group. CK, CK-MB, LDH, and α-HBDH levels in the mild group were higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The severe group had a longer duration of fever, disappearance of symptoms, and cough relief time than the mild group (P < .05). Children with bronchopneumonia exhibit increased cardiac enzyme (CK, CK-MB, LDH, and α-HBDH) activity, and PCT and CRP expression levels increase with disease severity. Timely detection of relevant blood biochemical indicators and early implementation of prevention and treatment measures can improve the cure rate and reduce mortality in children with bronchopneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ling
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dean Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Lin’an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Metkari V, Shah R, Salunkhe N. Development and validation of UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of naringenin in phytosomal formulation: interlaboratory comparison, capability, and statistical analysis. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1917-1928. [PMID: 37572264 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current work was to establish a simple, reproducible, and reliable UV spectrophotometric method for determining naringenin in phytosomal formulations. The solvent methanol was optimized and spectrophotometric analysis was carried out at 289 nm. The proposed method was also validated for linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). With a correlation coefficient of 0.9982, the concentration of naringenin in the range of 2-14 μg/ml follows Lambert-Beer rule. The accuracy ranged between 99.33 and 99.75%. The predicted percent recovery was found to be 99.48 ± 0.41. It was found that the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification were 0.54 μg/ml and 1.66 μg/ml, respectively. The normality of the data is accepted by the Shapiro-Wilk test (P = 0.9065) and Shapiro-Francia test (W = 0.9866). On the Bland-Altman plot, an acceptable repeatability coefficient was found. The remarkable inter-laboratory repeatability was proved by the Youden plot, which was also utilized to spot random and total errors. Levey-Jennings charts and other control diagrams have demonstrated that the method is statistically controlled. Greater values of Cp (1.03) and Cpk (0.83) were seen in the capability analysis, indicating that the method could analyze the samples reliably and consistently with minimum variation. The validation report demonstrated that the proposed method was appropriate for naringenin detection and analysis in phytosomal formulations, indicating that it can be employed for routine laboratory analysis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Metkari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Adarsh College of Pharmacy, Vita, Vita, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rohit Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Adarsh College of Pharmacy, Vita, Vita, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Marshall TM, Church DD, Jajtner AR, Esposito R. Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:2837. [PMID: 37447166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition, and what can be considered "ideal" nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties with caloric overconsumption and micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this global problem. Limitations to the current scope of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, and reductions in nutrient density are just a few of these factors. In this article, we propose a new, working approach towards human nutrition designated "Foundational Nutrition". This nutritional lens combines a whole food approach in conjunction with micronutrients and other nutrients critical for optimal human health with special consideration given to the human gut microbiome and overall gut health. Together, this a synergistic approach which addresses vital components in nutrition that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients and to potentiate a bioactive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Tess M Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Adam R Jajtner
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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9
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Wu WY, Jiao X, Song WX, Wu P, Xiao PQ, Huang XF, Wang K, Zhan SF. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis identifies potential therapeutic targets of Naringenin against COVID-19/LUSC. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187882. [PMID: 37347115 PMCID: PMC10281056 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that has posed a serious threat to people's daily lives and caused an unprecedented challenge to public health and people's health worldwide. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a common type of lung malignancy with a highly aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Patients with LUSC could be at risk for COVID-19, We conducted this study to examine the potential for naringenin to develop into an ideal medicine and investigate the underlying action mechanisms of naringenin in COVID-19 and LUSC due to the anti-viral, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities of naringenin. Methods LUSC related genes were obtained from TCGA, PharmGKB, TTD,GeneCards and NCBI, and then the transcriptome data for COVID-19 was downloaded from GEO, DisGeNET, CTD, DrugBank, PubChem, TTD, NCBI Gene, OMIM. The drug targets of Naringenin were revealed through CTD, BATMAN, TCMIP, SymMap, Chemical Association Networks, SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, ECTM, and DGIdb. The genes related to susceptibility to COVID-19 in LUSC patients were obtained through differential analysis. The interaction of COVID-19/LUSC related genes was evaluated and demonstrated using STRING to develop a a COX risk regression model to screen and evaluate the association of genes with clinical characteristics. To investigate the related functional and pathway analysis of the common targets of COVID-19/LUSC and Naringenin, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis were employed to perform the functional analysis of the target genes. Finally, The Hub Gene was screened and visualized using Cytoscape, and molecular docking between the drug and the target was performed using Autodock. Results We discovered numerous COVID-19/LUSC target genes and examined their prognostic value in LUSC patients utilizing a variety of bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods. Furthermore, a risk score model with strong predictive performance was developed based on these target genes to assess the prognosis of LUSC patients with COVID-19. We intersected the therapeutic target genes of naringenin with the LUSC, COVID-19-related targets, and identified 354 common targets, which could be used as potential target genes for naringenin to treat COVID-19/LUSC. The treatment of COVID-19/LUSC with naringenin may involve oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiviral, apoptosis, immunological, and multiple pathways containing PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and VEGF, according to the results of the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these 354 common targets. By constructing a PPI network, we ascertained AKT1, TP53, SRC, MAPK1, MAPK3, and HSP90AA1 as possible hub targets of naringenin for the treatment of COVID-19/LUSC. Last but not least, molecular docking investigations showed that naringenin has strong binding activity in COVID-19/LUSC. Conclusion We revealed for the first time the pharmacological targets and potential molecular processes of naringenin for the treatment of COVID-19/LUSC. However, these results need to be confirmed by additional research and validation in real LUSC patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-yu Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-xin Song
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-qi Xiao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-feng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Sun Q, Hu S, Lou Z, Gao J. The macrophage polarization in inflammatory dermatosis and its potential drug candidates. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114469. [PMID: 37002572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory dermatosis is characterized by persistent inflammatory infiltration and hard repair of diseased skin. As a member of the human innate immune cells, macrophages usually show different phenotypes in different diseases. The macrophage phenotype (M1/M2) imbalance caused by the increase of M1 macrophages or the decrease of M2 macrophages is common in inflammatory dermatosis. In recent years, with the deepening research on inflammatory skin diseases, more and more natural medicines/traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), represented by Shikonin and Angelica Dahurica, have shown their therapeutic effects by affecting the polarization of macrophages. This review introduced macrophage polarization in different inflammatory dermatosis, such as psoriasis. Then summarized the natural medicines/TCMs that have potential therapeutic effects so far and introduced their mechanisms of action and the proteins/signal pathways involved. We found that the TCMs with therapeutic effects listed in this review are closely related to the theory of five flavors and four properties of Chinese medicinal, and most of them are bitter, acrid and sweet. Bitter TCMs have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, which may improve the persistent inflammation of M1 macrophage infiltration. Acrid TCMs have the effect of promoting blood circulation, while sweet TCMs have the effect of nourishing. These 2 flavors may accelerate the repair of skin lesions of inflammatory dermatosis by affecting M2 macrophages. In conclusion, we hope to provide sufficient knowledge for natural medicine research and the development of inflammatory dermatosis related to macrophage phenotype imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohuan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Yan X, Lin T, Zhu Q, Zhang Y, Song Z, Pan X. Naringenin protects against acute pancreatitis-associated intestinal injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via AhR signaling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1090261. [PMID: 36713830 PMCID: PMC9881748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1090261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study, we examined the functions and mechanisms by which naringenin protects against SAP (severe acute pancreatitis)-related intestinal injury by modulating the AhR/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Material and methods: Fifteen healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into SAP (n = 12) and normal (n = 3) groups. Mice in the SAP group received caerulein and lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injections and were then randomly assigned to the SAP, NAR, CH223191, and Dexamethasone (DEX) groups. Pathological changes in the pancreatic and intestinal mucosa were observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide and treated with naringenin. The levels of NLRP3, AhR, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 in the SAP model and RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The nuclear translocation of AhR was shown by immunofluorescence. AutoDockTools was used to predict the conformations of naringenin-AhR binding, and PyMol 2.4 was used to visualize the conformations. Results: Mouse pancreatic and intestinal injury was alleviated by treatment with naringenin. Naringenin inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibited damage to intestinal tight junctions. Moreover, naringenin increased AhR nuclear translocation and activated the AhR pathway. Conclusion: Naringenin can reduce SAP-associated intestinal injury by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the AhR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinting Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Duda-Madej A, Stecko J, Sobieraj J, Szymańska N, Kozłowska J. Naringenin and Its Derivatives-Health-Promoting Phytobiotic against Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1628. [PMID: 36421272 PMCID: PMC9686724 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone present in large amount in different citrus fruits, e.g., oranges, pomelos, grapefruits, but also in tomatoes, fenugreek and coffee. It has a wide range of pharmacological and biological effects beneficial to human health. Its antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antimicrobial activity is frequently reported in scientific literature. In this review we presented the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial activity of naringenin and its natural and synthetic derivatives as a phytobiotic against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi in humans. Most of the data reported here have been obtained from in vitro or in vivo studies. Over the past few years, due to the overuse of antibiotics, the occurrence of bacteria resistant to all available antibiotics has been growing. Therefore, the main focus here is on antibiotic resistant strains, which are a significant, worldwide problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. The situation is so alarming that the WHO has listed microbial resistance to drugs on the list of the 10 most important health problems facing humanity. In addition, based on scientific reports from recent years, we described the potential molecular mechanism of action of these bioflavonoids against pathogenic strains of microorganisms. As plant-derived substances have been pushed out of use with the beginning of the antibiotic era, we hope that this review will contribute to their return as alternative methods of preventing and treating infections in the epoch of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Stecko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Sobieraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Szymańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Wang L, Li R, Zhang Q, Liu J, Tao T, Zhang T, Wu C, Ren Q, Pu X, Peng W. Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li: A comprehensive review of its phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and product development. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.940900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li has been used as a herbal medicine in China in its long history. Since ancient times, the fruits of P. fortuneana has been considered a functional food to improve various diseases. Many bioactive substances, including proanthocyanidins, phenols, polysaccharides, and dietary fibers, have been isolated and identified from the P. fortuneana, which possess diverse biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. Although the researches on the P. fortuneana have achieved extensive progress, the systematic study of its biological activities is still relatively lacking. In addition, accumulating researches focus on the landscape value of the P. fortuneana and the development of its by-products. The by-products of P. fortuneana, which show good development potentials in the field of agricultural production and environmental protection, are important for improving the economic value of P. fortuneana and its significance. After extensive reviewing and analyzing the existing published articles, books, and patents, this study aims to a systematic and summarized research trends of P. fortuneana and its phytochemical compositions, nutritional values, pharmacological effects and health benefits of its extracts/monomers, which would be beneficial for the future development of this medicinal plant as functional food or drugs.
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Gupta G, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Current update on the protective effect of naringin in inflammatory lung diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:573-579. [PMID: 35721579 PMCID: PMC9203983 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gaurav Gupta, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India, E-mail:
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Yao J, Zhang Y, Wang XZ, Zhao J, Yang ZJ, Lin YP, Sun L, Lu QY, Fan GJ. Flavonoids for Treating Viral Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Public Health 2022; 10:814669. [PMID: 35252093 PMCID: PMC8888526 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.814669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in treating viral acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were entered into meta-analyses performed separately for each indication. Efficacy analyses were based on changes in disease-specific symptom scores. Safety was analyzed based on the pooled data from all eligible trials, by comparing the incidence of adverse events between flavonoids and the control. RESULTS In this study, thirty RCTs (n = 5,166) were included. In common cold, results showed that the flavonoids group decreased total cold intensity score (CIS), the sum of sum of symptom intensity differences (SSID) of CIS, and duration of inability to work vs. the control group. In influenza, the flavonoids group improved the visual analog scores for symptoms. In COVID-19, the flavonoids group decreased the time taken for alleviation of symptoms, time taken for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR clearance, the RT-PCR positive subjects at day 7, time to achievement of the normal status of symptoms, patients needed oxygen, patients hospitalized and requiring mechanical ventilation, patients in ICU, days of hospitalization, and mortality vs. the control group. In acute non-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, the flavonoids group decreased the tonsillitis severity score (TSS) on day 7. In acute rhinosinusitis, the flavonoids group decreased the sinusitis severity score (SSS) on day 7, days off work, and duration of illness. In acute bronchitis, the flavonoids group decreased the bronchitis severity score (BSS) on day 7, days off work, and duration of illness. In bronchial pneumonia, the flavonoids group decreased the time to symptoms disappearance, the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In upper respiratory tract infections, the flavonoids group decreased total CIS on day 7 and increased the improvement rate of symptoms. Furthermore, the results of the incidence of adverse reactions did not differ between the flavonoids and the control group. CONCLUSION Results from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that flavonoids were efficacious and safe in treating viral ARTIs including the common cold, influenza, COVID-19, acute non-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, acute rhinosinusitis, acute bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections. However, uncertainty remains because there were few RCTs per type of ARTI and many of the RCTs were small and of low quality with a substantial risk of bias. Given the limitations, we suggest that the conclusions need to be confirmed on a larger scale with more detailed instructions in future studies.Systematic Review Registration: inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-8-0107/, identifier: INPLASY20218010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Wang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Yang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Jie Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects of Naringenin combination with Artemisinins in human lung cancer cells. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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