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Oliveira C, Orozco-Restrepo SM, Alves AC, Pinto BS, Miranda MS, Barbosa MH, Picanço MC, Pereira EJ. Seed treatment for managing fall armyworm as a defoliator and cutworm on maize: plant protection, residuality, and the insect life history. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1240-1250. [PMID: 34850531 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly polyphagous and invasive fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) can feed on different plant parts of host crops, damaging whorls and stalks in early maize growth stages. Systemic insecticide seed treatment (IST) could minimize this damage, although the residual efficacy may vary with the plant tissue damaged. Using damage rating scales and artificial infestation in controlled conditions, we determined the potential of IST against FAW attacking maize whorl leaves or the stalk base. RESULTS Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, or thiodicarb + imidacloprid IST similarly killed > 80% FAWs for 1 or 2 weeks after plant emergence depending on the plant tissue attacked. The residual efficacy (i.e. time after plant emergence sustaining > 80% larval mortality) lasted from the first to the eleventh day (VE-V3 maize growth stages), while for cutworm on the maize stalk base, it lasted 3-7 days after plant emergence (V1-V2 stages). In terms of damage, the ISTs lasted 15 days after emergence (V4 stage) for FAW on whorl leaves and 10 days (V3 stage) for FAW feeding on the stalk base. The larvae surviving on the seed-treated plants underwent sublethal effects in growth and development, reducing insect fitness. CONCLUSION Diamide or carbamate + neonicotinoid seed treatments kill FAW larvae on maize whorls or stalks in favorable edaphoclimatic and insecticide-susceptibility conditions. The cumulative impacts of systemic IST on aboveground insect pests go beyond mortality. The ISTs studied can be valuable against FAW in maize, for instance, to help protect varieties that may not express sufficient insect resistance in maize early growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Orozco-Restrepo
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Antônio Cl Alves
- Department of Plant Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Braullio S Pinto
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Morgana S Miranda
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Márcio Hp Barbosa
- Department of Plant Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Jg Pereira
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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2
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Sánchez-Bayo F. Indirect Effect of Pesticides on Insects and Other Arthropods. TOXICS 2021; 9:177. [PMID: 34437495 PMCID: PMC8402326 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides released to the environment can indirectly affect target and non-target species in ways that are often contrary to their intended use. Such indirect effects are mediated through direct impacts on other species or the physical environment and depend on ecological mechanisms and species interactions. Typical mechanisms are the release of herbivores from predation and release from competition among species with similar niches. Application of insecticides to agriculture often results in subsequent pest outbreaks due to the elimination of natural enemies. The loss of floristic diversity and food resources that result from herbicide applications can reduce populations of pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests. In aquatic ecosystems, insecticides and fungicides often induce algae blooms as the chemicals reduce grazing by zooplankton and benthic herbivores. Increases in periphyton biomass typically result in the replacement of arthropods with more tolerant species such as snails, worms and tadpoles. Fungicides and systemic insecticides also reduce nutrient recycling by impairing the ability of detritivorous arthropods. Residues of herbicides can reduce the biomass of macrophytes in ponds and wetlands, indirectly affecting the protection and breeding of predatory insects in that environment. The direct impacts of pesticides in the environment are therefore either amplified or compensated by their indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
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3
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Pisa L, Goulson D, Yang EC, Gibbons D, Sánchez-Bayo F, Mitchell E, Aebi A, van der Sluijs J, MacQuarrie CJK, Giorio C, Long EY, McField M, Bijleveld van Lexmond M, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 2: impacts on organisms and ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11749-11797. [PMID: 29124633 PMCID: PMC7921077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on organisms is presented in this review, complementing the previous Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) in 2015. The high toxicity of these systemic insecticides to invertebrates has been confirmed and expanded to include more species and compounds. Most of the recent research has focused on bees and the sublethal and ecological impacts these insecticides have on pollinators. Toxic effects on other invertebrate taxa also covered predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and aquatic arthropods. Little new information has been gathered on soil organisms. The impact on marine and coastal ecosystems is still largely uncharted. The chronic lethality of neonicotinoids to insects and crustaceans, and the strengthened evidence that these chemicals also impair the immune system and reproduction, highlights the dangers of this particular insecticidal class (neonicotinoids and fipronil), with the potential to greatly decrease populations of arthropods in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Sublethal effects on fish, reptiles, frogs, birds, and mammals are also reported, showing a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity of these insecticides in vertebrates and their deleterious impacts on growth, reproduction, and neurobehaviour of most of the species tested. This review concludes with a summary of impacts on the ecosystem services and functioning, particularly on pollination, soil biota, and aquatic invertebrate communities, thus reinforcing the previous WIA conclusions (van der Sluijs et al. 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - En-Cheng Yang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Gibbons
- RSPB Centre for Conservation of Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Edward Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Aebi
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Saint-Nicolas 4, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen van der Sluijs
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J K MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Yim Long
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Melanie McField
- Smithsonian Institution, 701 Seaway Drive Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
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4
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Yao Q, Xu S, Dong Y, Quan L, Chen B. Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle Protein (USP) Genes From Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley Eggs: Identification and Expression in Response to Insecticides. Front Physiol 2020; 11:851. [PMID: 32765302 PMCID: PMC7380065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) is the dominant insect pest of litchi (chinensis Sonn.) and longan (Euphoria longan Lour.) fruit trees. Management of this pest species is a challenging task due to its cryptic borer behavior. Controlling C. sinensis at the egg stage is the best alternative strategy to chemical control of C. sinensis adults. However, thorough studies regarding the indirect and sublethal effects of chemicals on the different developmental stages of C. sinensis are insufficient. In this study, the effect of some insecticides was evaluated on C. sinensis eggs. The ovicidal activity of chlorbenzuron, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, and λ-cyhalothrin was confirmed by morphological observation of the defects in C. sinensis eggs. Moreover, we characterized four essential ecdysone receptor proteins in insects [i.e., two isoform ecdysone receptors (EcR: CsEcRA. CsEcRB) and two isoform ultraspiracle proteins (USP: CsUSP1, CsUSP2)] from C. sinensis eggs. The CsEcRA, CsEcRB, CsUSP1, and CsUSP2 genes consisted of 1521-, 1614-, 1410-, and 1236-bp open reading frames which encoded proteins of 506, 527, 469, and 413 amino acid residues, respectively. Furthermore, the embryonic differential responses of CsEcRs, CsUSPs, and vitellogenin receptor (VgR: CsVgR) to insecticides were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Among the five tested genes, CsVgR and CsUSP1 were the most sensitive to all the tested insecticides, with fold change of the expression diminished by 4.27–8.70 times compared with untreated control insects. The data suggests that these insecticidal compounds regulate the expression of these specific proteins, which might eventually lead to reduced viability of C. sinensis eggs. We present here the first data providing molecular elucidation of ecdysone receptor genes and their differential responses to insecticides in C. sinensis eggs. Together with our previous report of insecticide sublethal effects on two reproduction-related genes in C. sinensis adults, CsVgR and CsUSP1 seem to be appropriate molecular parameters for the evaluation of insecticide impact on C. sinensis. This study exemplifies the potential utility of transcriptional measurement of nuclear receptors as the molecular biomarkers for ecotoxicological evaluations of ovicidal impact of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linfa Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Brenner R, Prischmann-Voldseth DA. Influence of a Neonicotinoid Seed Treatment on a Nontarget Herbivore of Soybean (Twospotted Spider Mite) and Diet Switching by a Co-occurring Omnivore (Western Flower Thrips). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:461-472. [PMID: 32078674 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal neonicotinoid seed treatments are a common agricultural insect pest management strategy; however, effects on nontarget pests and omnivorous arthropods are understudied. We used a series of experiments to evaluate impacts of the neonicotinoid seed treatment thiamethoxam on densities of herbivorous twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch [Acari: Tetranychidae]) and feeding behavior of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande [Thysanoptera: Thripidae]), an omnivore that feeds on spider mite eggs but is also a significant plant pest. Spider mite densities were higher on neonicotinoid-treated soybeans, but only when mites were not spatially confined. We then examined how availability of thiamethoxam-treated food items (i.e., eggs from spider mites reared on treated soybeans, soybean leaf discs, or a combination of the two), and previous exposure to thiamethoxam-treated soybean impacted thrips feeding. Regardless of the presence of leaf tissue, thrips consumed fewer spider mite eggs laid by females reared on treated soybeans, suggesting spider mite eggs can serve as poisoned prey. Overall, thrips consumed less treated soybean leaf tissue, and thrips on treated leaf discs had a lower percentage of herbivorous feeding events and consumed more nontreated spider mite eggs, indicating a dietary shift from herbivory to predation. The neonicotinoid status of spider mite eggs and prior exposure of thrips also caused shifts in the number and size of leaf scars, likely as a result of altered foraging behavior and/or movement. Shifts between herbivory and predation have implications for thrips damage, virus transmission, and pest management, especially in systems with mixtures of nontreated and neonicotinoid-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brenner
- Department of Entomology 7650, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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6
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Dubey A, Lewis MT, Dively GP, Hamby KA. Ecological impacts of pesticide seed treatments on arthropod communities in a grain crop rotation. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Dubey
- Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | | | - Galen P. Dively
- Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Kelly A. Hamby
- Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
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7
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Resende-Silva GA, Joseph DA, Guedes RNC, Cutler GC. Impact of Imidacloprid Soil Drenching on Survival, Longevity, and Reproduction of the Zoophytophagous Predator Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:108-114. [PMID: 31675095 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic insecticides when applied as seed treatments or soil drenches are often more toxicologically selective for natural enemies than target pests. This may not be the case, however, for omnivorous predators, which are at risk of extended exposure to systemically applied pesticides through ingestion while feeding on treated plants for nutrients or water. Such exposure may kill or have sublethal consequences for these natural enemies, compromising their role as biocontrol agents of agricultural pest species. The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae), is an important zoophytophagous biocontrol agent (i.e., able to substitute zoophagy by phytophagy for survival) that may be exposed to systemic insecticides in many agricultural systems. We, therefore, examined effects on P. maculiventris following exposure to cabbage plants subject to soil-drench treatments with imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide. Predator survival, development, body weight, and reproduction were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly affected nymph survival and adult emergence, but not duration of the nymphal period or adult body weight. At one-twentieth the recommended field rate for whitefly and aphid management, imidacloprid treatments reduced longevity, fecundity, and fertility of female predators. These findings demonstrate that soil treatments with systemic insecticide can negatively impact zoophytophagous natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geverson A Resende-Silva
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Deney A Joseph
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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8
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Vacacela Ajila HE, Michaud JP, Abdelwahab AH, Kuchta SV, Stowe HE. How Efficient Is Fertilization by Traumatic Insemination in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1618-1622. [PMID: 30893437 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic insemination (TI) can be injurious to females, and females have evolved various paragenital structures to mitigate these impacts. We examined the mating behavior of Orius insidiosus (Say) and the consequences of single and double matings for female fitness. A total of 100 virgin females (4-6-d old) were directly observed while they mated with virgin males. Some of these females were mated a second time with a different, nonvirgin male 3-5 d later, after they oviposited in sunflower stems. Females were held in isolation, fed eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, and reproductive success was tracked for 30 d. Six females died during their first copulation (6%), and another within 48 h, without laying eggs. Four percent of the females died during their second copulations. Copulations lasting less than 90 s usually did not result in successful fertilization, and duration of copula was positively correlated with egg fertility in singly-mated females. Duration of copula was more than halved in second matings, twice as variable, and negatively correlated with 30 d fecundity. Thirty-seven percent of singly-mated females and 31% of twice-mated females were infertile, with fewer than half of all females producing 88% of all eggs. We conclude that O. insidiosus females are likely monandrous in the wild, and that TI in this species is inefficient, contributing to high variation in female fitness. Thus, mating involves a significant mortality risk for females, despite their possession of complex paragenital structures that ostensibly mitigate copulatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Vacacela Ajila
- Department of Entomology, Section Acarology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS
| | - Ahmed H Abdelwahab
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS
- Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara V Kuchta
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS
- Department of Plant Protection, Entomology Section, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hannah E Stowe
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS
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9
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Disque HH, Hamby KA, Dubey A, Taylor C, Dively GP. Effects of clothianidin-treated seed on the arthropod community in a mid-Atlantic no-till corn agroecosystem. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:969-978. [PMID: 30192045 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly all corn seed in the US is coated with neonicotinoid insecticides to protect against soil and foliar arthropod pests. Exposure in the soil and the systemic activity in the plant can pose non-target risks. We assessed the community-level effects of clothianidin-treated seed on the diversity and abundance of arthropod communities in a no-till corn agroecosystem over a single growing season. RESULTS Epigeal and foliage-dwelling communities were disturbed by the clothianidin seed treatment, with significant negative and positive changes in taxa abundances. Clothianidin reduced the abundance of minute pirate bugs by 66.2%, lady beetles by 44.7%, ants by 43.4%, ground beetle adults and larvae by 31.7%, and rove beetles by 44.1% during the early corn growth stages. Herbivores, particularly thrips, were more negatively affected by clothianidin than other trophic groups. In contrast, some groups, such as collembolans and leafhoppers, exhibited significantly higher abundances in the seed treated plots. CONCLUSION Clothianidin primarily influenced arthropod communities during the 4 weeks following planting, with disruptions to major natural enemy taxa, but communities showed trends toward recovery at the later corn stages. While the insecticide suppressed multiple herbivores, none were economically damaging to corn; thus, the pest suppression benefits of clothianidin observed in this study did not justify the non-target impacts. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly A Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Aditi Dubey
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Galen P Dively
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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10
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Resende-Silva GA, Turchen LM, Guedes RNC, Cutler GC. Imidacloprid Soil Drenches Affect Weight and Functional Response of Spined Soldier Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:558-564. [PMID: 30566635 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are ongoing concerns of potential direct and indirect lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on nontarget arthropod populations. The risk to natural enemies from systemic insecticides is mainly through exposure to the active ingredient by ingestion, and such risk may be elevated for omnivores that feed on treated plants, as well as herbivores that also feed on those same treated plants. Podisus maculiventris (Say), an important natural enemy in many agricultural systems, can be potentially exposed to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid when ingesting contaminated prey and feeding on plants subjected to soil-drench applications of this compound. In the current study, we examined the potential impact of imidacloprid soil drenches on some functional and morphological endpoints. Cabbage plants were treated with soil drenches of imidacloprid that corresponded to half and full recommended labels rates against whiteflies and aphids. Fourth instar diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), larvae on plants were used as prey in our experiments; P. xylostella is not a target of imidacloprid applications but may co-occur with other pests in systems where the insecticide is applied. We found that exposure to imidacloprid-treated plants did not cause significant mortality neither to P. maculiventris nor to P. xylostella, but both treatment concentrations impaired the predation, with consequences for predator weight gain during the assessment period. Our results corroborate those from other studies and demonstrate that effects from systemic insecticides can transcend trophic levels to affect natural enemies indirectly, such as through exposure from feeding on pests not targeted by the insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geverson A Resende-Silva
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Turchen
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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11
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Bredeson MM, Lundgren JG. Neonicotinoid insecticidal seed-treatment on corn contaminates interseeded cover crops intended as habitat for beneficial insects. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:222-228. [PMID: 30666494 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-02015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid seed treatments are extensively used to systemically protect corn from invertebrate herbivory. Interseeding cover crops can promote beneficial insect communities and their ecosystem services such as predation on pests, and this practice is gaining interest from farmers. In this study, cereal rye (Secale cereale) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) were planted between rows of early vegetative corn that had been seed-treated with thiamethoxam. Thiamethoxam and its insecticidal metabolite, clothianidin were quantified in cover crop leaves throughout the growing season. Thiamethoxam was present in cereal rye at concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.33 ± 0.09 ng/g of leaf tissue and was detected on six out of seven collection dates. Cereal rye leaves contained clothianidin at concentrations from 1.05 ± 0.22 to 2.61 ± 0.24 ng/g and was present on all sampling dates. Both thiamethoxam and clothianidin were detected in hairy vetch on all sampling dates at rates ranging from 0.10 ± 0.05 to 0.51 ± 0.11 ng/g and 0.56 ± 0.15 to 9.73 ± 5.04 ng/g of leaf tissue, respectively. Clothianidin was measured at a higher concentration than its precursor, thiamethoxam, in both plant species on every sampling date. Neonicotinoids entering interseeded cover crops from adjacent treated plants is a newly discovered route of exposure and potential hazard for non-target beneficial invertebrates. Future research efforts should examine the effects of systemic insecticides on biological communities in agroecosystems whose goal is to diversify plant communities using methods such as cover cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Bredeson
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Ecdysis Foundation, 46958 188th St, Estelline, SD, 57234, USA
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12
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Sâmia RR, Gontijo PC, Oliveira RL, Carvalho GA. Sublethal and transgenerational effects of thiamethoxam applied to cotton seed on Chrysoperla externa and Harmonia axyridis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:694-701. [PMID: 30094903 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam, when applied as a seed treatment, can contaminate plant products, such as extrafloral nectar, and have non-target effects on beneficial arthropods. This study assessed the non-target effects of thiamethoxam applied to cotton seed on the life history parameters of the predators Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). RESULTS Exposure of C. externa larvae to plants grown from thiamethoxam-treated seeds caused sublethal and transgenerational effects. Thiamethoxam treatment doubled the proportion of pharate adults and reduced egg fertility in C. externa F0 and F1 generations. In addition, the insecticide prolonged pupal developmental time in the C. externa F1 generation. Thiamethoxam treatment also had a transgenerational effect on exposed H. axyridis larvae, reducing pupal survival in the F1 generation. In the adult bioassay, thiamethoxam treatment reduced egg fertility of C. externa, prolonged the larval period, and reduced both fecundity and egg fertility of the F1 generation. Thiamethoxam also caused transgenerational effect on H. axyridis adults, reducing larval survival of the F1 generation. CONCLUSION Thiamethoxam seed treatment was harmful for both predators, but C. externa was more affected by the insecticide than H. axyridis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella R Sâmia
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Pablo C Gontijo
- School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Oliveira RL, Gontijo PC, Sâmia RR, Carvalho GA. Long-term effects of chlorantraniliprole reduced risk insecticide applied as seed treatment on lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:678-683. [PMID: 30557724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a reduced risk insecticide, which used as seed treatment in many crops. However, CAP residues can contaminate pollen and nectar, becoming a potential risk to beneficial arthropods. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the non-target effects of CAP seed treatment of cotton on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) over two generations, and (2) assess the ability of the lady beetles to avoid plants grown from treated seeds. The exposure of H. axyridis larvae and adults to cotton seedlings grown from CAP treated seeds did not have a significantly affect on any life history parameters of the lady beetles directly exposed (F0). However, CAP caused significant transgenerational effects in the both larval and adult stages of H. axyridis. The CAP treatment of larvae exposure reduced the larval and pupal developmental time and the male body weight of F1 generation as well as the survival of the lady beetles over the developmental stages. In the adult bioassay, CAP seed treatment reduced both pupal developmental time and egg viability of F1 generation and decreased the survival of H. axyridis over the F1 generation developmental. In olfactometer test, only the H. axyridis larvae were able to avoid cotton seedlings grown from CAP treated seeds. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that systemic insecticides, when applied to seed treatments, can cause negative effects on non-target organisms. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of long-term assessments of the pesticides side-effects on beneficial arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Pablo C Gontijo
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafaella R Sâmia
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Carvalho
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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14
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Ghasemzadeh S, Qureshi JA. Demographic analysis of fenpyroximate and thiacloprid exposed predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206030. [PMID: 30439960 PMCID: PMC6237301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the impact of pesticides on predators is crucial for developing integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a predatory mite used to control several species of pest including Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and arthropods. T. urticae is a major pest of multiple greenhouse-grown and field crops including apples in Iran. Lethal and sublethal effects of fenpyroximate and thiacloprid were investigated on A. swirskii, using these chemicals separately at recommended rates or in combination at reduced rates. Recommended tested rates of both pesticides negatively influenced the biological parameters of A. swirskii such as the net reproductive rate (R0) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r). However, the combined treatment of the two pesticides at their reduced rates was less hazardous to A. swirskii. Our findings indicate that the combined use of these chemicals may be compatible with IPM programs utilizing A. swirskii as biological control tool against phytophagous mites and other pests. However, semifield and field studies to investigate the effects of reduced rate treatments of fenpyroximate and thiacloprid alone and in combination on T. urticae and A. swirskii are required for developing IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghasemzadeh
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SG); (JQ)
| | - Jawwad A. Qureshi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (JQ)
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15
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Main AR, Webb EB, Goyne KW, Mengel D. Neonicotinoid insecticides negatively affect performance measures of non-target terrestrial arthropods: a meta-analysis. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1232-1244. [PMID: 29603486 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are currently the fastest-growing and most widely used insecticide class worldwide. Valued for their versatility in application, these insecticides may cause deleterious effects in a range of non-target (beneficial) arthropods. However, it remains unclear whether strong patterns exist in terms of their major effects, if broad measures of arthropod performance are negatively affected, or whether different functional groups are equally vulnerable. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 372 observations from 44 field and laboratory studies that describe neonicotinoid effects on 14 arthropod orders across five broad performance measures: abundance, behavior, condition, reproductive success, and survival. Across studies, neonicotinoids negatively affected all performance metrics evaluated; however, magnitude of the effects varied. Arthropod behavior and survival were the most negatively affected and abundance was the least negatively affected. Effects on arthropod functional groups were inconsistent. Pollinator condition, reproductive success, and survival were significantly lower in neonicotinoid treatments compared to untreated controls; whereas, neonicotinoid effects on detritivores were not significant. Although magnitude of arthropod response to neonicotinoids varied among performance measures and functional groups, we documented a consistent negative relationship between exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides in published studies and beneficial arthropod performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson R Main
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Webb
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Keith W Goyne
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Doreen Mengel
- Resource Science Division, Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
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16
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Gontijo PC, Abbade Neto DO, Oliveira RL, Michaud JP, Carvalho GA. Non-target impacts of soybean insecticidal seed treatments on the life history and behavior of Podisus nigrispinus, a predator of fall armyworm. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:342-349. [PMID: 29049957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of seeds with systemic insecticides has become a common practice worldwide. However, this prophylactic use of insecticides has been questioned recently because of the potential risks to non-target organisms. This study assessed the non-target effects of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam seed treatments on the life history and walking behavior of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas), as well as the efficacy of these insecticides for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). Thiamethoxam caused mortality of P. nigrispinus, increased the pre-oviposition period, and reduced the oviposition period and the fecundity and survival of females compared to chlorantraniliprole. In contrast, the life expectancy of P. nigrispinus females was prolonged by chlorantraniliprole, which also increased the intrinsic rate of growth (rm) and the finite growth rate (λ), and reduced the population doubling time (DT) compared to thiamethoxam. The net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were not affected by either insecticide treatment, and neither were the walking velocity of P. nigrispinus females, nor the distance they covered. Both chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam reduced soybean leaf consumption by S. frugiperda larvae. Given the observed lethal and sublethal effects, soybean seed treatments with chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam were judged to present low and moderate risks for P. nigrispinus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo C Gontijo
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Dyrson O Abbade Neto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS, USA
| | - Geraldo A Carvalho
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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17
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Nottingham L, Kuhar TP, Kring T, Herbert DA, Arancibia R, Schultz P. Effects of Thiamethoxam-Treated Seed on Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Nontarget Arthropods, and Crop Performance in Southwestern Virginia Snap Beans. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1397-1405. [PMID: 29069307 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide commonly applied directly to the seeds (seed-treatment) of commercial snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. While previous studies have examined target and nontarget effects of thiamethoxam seed-treatments in snap beans and other crops, to our knowledge, none have been conducted in agroecosystems predominated by the pest Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). This study examined the effects of thiamethoxam-treated snap beans on E. varivestis, other arthropods, and crop performance in southwestern Virginia. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate residual toxicity of treated snap beans to E. varivestis and a key predator, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Treated plants were highly toxic to E. varivestis at 13 d, moderately toxic from 16 to 20 d, and minimally toxic at 24 d. P. maculiventris was unaffected by exposure to treated plants or by feeding on E. varivestis that consumed treated plants. Small plot field experiments in 2014 and 2015 showed no significant effects of thiamethoxam seed-treatments on E. varivestis densities, other arthropods, crop injury, or yield. In 2016, planting was delayed by persistent rain, resulting in early E. varivestis colonization. In this year, thiamethoxam-treated plants had significantly lower densities and feeding injury from E. varivestis, followed by significantly higher yields. Natural enemies were unaffected by seed-treatments in all field experiments. These experiments demonstrated that thiamethoxam seed-treatments provide control of E. varivestis when beetles infest fields within 2 to 3 wk after planting; but otherwise provide negligible advantages. Negative effects from thiamethoxam seed-treatments on nontarget arthropods appear minimal for snap beans in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nottingham
- Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Wenatchee, WA 98801
| | - T P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319
| | - T Kring
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319
| | - D A Herbert
- Virginia Tech Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Holland, VA
| | - R Arancibia
- Virginia Tech Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA
| | - P Schultz
- Virginia Tech Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Beach, VA
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18
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Barbosa PRR, Michaud JP, Bain CL, Torres JB. Toxicity of three aphicides to the generalist predators Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:589-599. [PMID: 28357620 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent widespread infestations of the invasive sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in sorghum fields in the southern USA have created demand for insecticides that will provide effective control of sugarcane aphid, while conserving those beneficial species that contribute to biological control of the pest. We tested the susceptibility of both adult and immature stages of two aphid predators, the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and the insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), to three aphicides, flonicamid, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone. Flonicamid was innocuous to both species regardless of life stage or route of exposure. Lacewing adults were more susceptible to sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone than were larvae, and had higher mortality when fed contaminated honey solution than when contacting residues on an inert surface. When laid in sunflower stems treated with these two materials, eggs of O. insidiosus hatched successfully, but nymphs experienced significant mortality when exposed to treated stems, likely due to phytophagous behavior that resulted in some insecticide ingestion. Despite these impacts, we conclude that both sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone are likely to be relatively innocuous in comparison to more broad-spectrum insecticides and are thus potentially compatible with biological control and overall management of M. sacchari in grain sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R R Barbosa
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, 1232 240th Ave., Hays, KS, 67601, USA.
| | - Clint L Bain
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, 1232 240th Ave., Hays, KS, 67601, USA
| | - Jorge B Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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19
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Colares F, Michaud JP, Bain CL, Torres JB. Relative Toxicity of Two Aphicides to Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Implications for Integrated Management of Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:52-58. [PMID: 28039423 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor present novel insecticide chemistries with particular efficacy against aphids, and the recent emergence of sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), as a pest of sorghum in the United States has resulted in their widespread use. We examined their toxicity to Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, an important aphid biocontrol agent. We exposed beetles to topical applications of the field rate (FR) of these insecticides, fed them contaminated food (eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller), and gave first-instar larvae 24-h exposures to leaf residues. More than half of fourth-instar larvae receiving topical applications of sulfoxaflor at FR survived, whereas flupyradifurone at 0.1× FR caused 90% mortality. Adults survived topical treatments better than larvae and without measurable mortality, except flupyradifurone at FR, which killed more than 80% of beetles. Survivors of all treatments had fertility similar to controls, whether treated as larvae or adults. Ingestion of contaminated food caused significant mortality in all treatments (15-40% for adults and 55-85% for larvae), with no significant differences between insecticides at FR. Leaf residues of sulfoxaflor at 1.0 and 2.0× FR caused approximately 60 and 80% mortality of first instars, respectively, whereas flupyradifurone at 0.1 and 1.0× FR caused > 90% mortality. Although sulfoxaflor was less toxic to H. convergens than flupyradifurone, the tested FR of flupyradifurone has now been reduced by half. We conclude that neither insecticide appears as toxic as other nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, and that both materials are compatible with integrated pest management programs for M. sacchari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Colares
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, Brasil
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Clint L Bain
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS, USA
| | - Jorge B Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, Brasil
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20
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Zwertvaegher IKA, Foqué D, Devarrewaere W, Verboven P, Nuyttens D. Assessment of the abrasion potential of pesticide-treated seeds using the Heubach test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT 2016; 62:348-359. [PMID: 27812241 PMCID: PMC5062043 DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2016.1206993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During sowing of pesticide-treated seeds, pesticide-laden dust and abraded seed particles may be emitted to the environment, possibly leading to environmental contamination and posing health risks. In many countries there is currently no legislation concerning the acceptable amount of dust of treated seeds. This study aimed to gain insight in the abrasion potential of available pesticide-treated seeds and its associated factors. The abrasion potential of 45 seed samples of 7 different species (viz. sugar beet, oat, barley, wheat, spelt, pea, and maize) was determined using the Heubach test and amounts of dust were expressed as g 100 kgseeds-1, g 100,000 seeds-1, and g ha-1. The abrasion potential fell generally within the boundaries of maximum permissible values adopted by different countries. Species, seed treatment company, number of active ingredient (AIs) and combination of AIs had significant effects on the abrasion potential, whereas little or no effect of agitation and conservation was found. However, species were situated differently with respect to each other depending on the unit in which the abrasion potential was expressed. A standard unit that takes into account the species' seed rate is suggested to give the fairest assessment of dust drift risk and would allow international comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid K. A. Zwertvaegher
- The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Foqué
- The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - David Nuyttens
- The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Agricultural Engineering, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Wanumen AC, Sánchez-Ramos I, Viñuela E, Medina P, Adán Á. Impact of Feeding on Contaminated Prey on the Life Parameters of Nesidiocoris Tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adults. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:iew084. [PMID: 27694345 PMCID: PMC5043474 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide selectivity to natural enemies is an important concern in integrated pest management programs. Although there is a wide range of information concerning pesticide lethal and sublethal effects on contaminated surfaces, little is known when the route of exposure occurs at a trophic level. This study evaluates this route of pesticide intake on the omnivorous predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) for the first time. Under laboratory conditions, prey treated with six insecticides (flubendiamide, spirotetramat, deltamethrin, flonicamid, metaflumizone, and sulfoxaflor) were offered to N. tenuis adults for 3 days. Mortality (24, 48, and 72 h after treatment), offspring production (third until eighth day) and longevity were documented. Metaflumizone and sulfoxaflor were classified as moderately harmful products because although the percentage of mortality was only 28 and 36%, respectively, both products caused a severe decrease in offspring production and longevity. Flonicamid and flubendiamide were classified as slightly harmful products; although they did not have a lethal effect, sublethal impact was important on the parameters studied. Spirotetramat and deltamethrin were insecticides categorized as harmless. This information could be useful for selecting the most appropriate insecticides to control pests in tomato crops in which N. tenuis is a relevant biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carolina Wanumen
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural Sciences (ETSIA), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Ramos
- Entomology Group, Plant Protection Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural Sciences (ETSIA), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural Sciences (ETSIA), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ángeles Adán
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural Sciences (ETSIA), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Bredeson MM, Lundgren JG. Thiamethoxam Seed Treatments Have No Impact on Pest Numbers or Yield in Cultivated Sunflowers. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2665-2671. [PMID: 26340223 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of neonicotinoid seed treatments is a nearly ubiquitous practice in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pest management. Sunflowers have a speciose pest complex, but also harbor a diverse and abundant community of beneficial, nontarget organisms which may be negatively affected by pest management practices. Here, we investigate how the foliar and subterranean arthropod pest communities in sunflower fields were affected by a thiamethoxam seed treatment over three site years (two years on one farm, and another year at an additional field in the second year). Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in leaf tissue were quantified throughout the growing season, and yield differences between treatments were measured. Across site years, foliar herbivores and key pests of sunflowers were unaffected by the seed treatment. Likewise, subterranean herbivores were unaffected. Thiamethoxam was measurable in leaf tissue through the R1 plant stage, while its metabolite clothianidin was detected throughout flowering (R6). No difference in sunflower yield was observed between treatments across site years. This research suggests that neonicotinoid seed treatments in sunflowers do not always provide economic benefits to farmers in the form of pest reductions or yield improvements. Future research should focus on sunflower integrated pest management strategies that limit nontarget effects of agrochemicals, while providing greater economic returns to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Bredeson
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.
| | - Jonathan G Lundgren
- USDA-ARS, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Brookings, SD 57006.
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