1
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Delgado JAC, Tian YM, Marcon M, König B, Paixão MW. Side-Selective Solid-Phase Metallaphotoredox N(in)-Arylation of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26452-26462. [PMID: 37976043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Postsynthetic diversification of peptides through selective modification of endogenous amino acid side chains has enabled significant advances in peptide drug discovery while expanding the biological and medical chemistry space. However, current tools have been focused on the modification of reactive polar and ionizable side chains, whereas the decoration of aromatic systems (e.g., the N(in) of the tryptophan) has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we introduce metallaphotocatalysis in solid-phase peptide synthesis for the on-resin orthogonal N-arylation of relevant tryptophan-containing peptides. The protocol allows the chemoselective introduction of a new C(sp2)-N bond at the N(in) of tryptophan in biologically active protected peptide sequences in the presence of native redox-sensitive side chains. The fusion of metallaphotocatalysis with solid-phase peptide synthesis opens new perspectives in diversifying native amino acid side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A C Delgado
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michela Marcon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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2
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Bird MJ, Dawson PE. A Shelf Stable Fmoc Hydrazine Resin for the Synthesis of Peptide Hydrazides. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022; 114:e24268. [PMID: 36387422 PMCID: PMC9662761 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal hydrazides are an important class of synthetic peptides with an ever expanding scope of applications, but their widespread application for chemical protein synthesis has been hampered due to the lack of stable resin linkers for synthesis of longer and more challenging peptide hydrazide fragments. We present a practical method for the regeneration, loading, and storage of trityl-chloride resins for the production of hydrazide containing peptides, leveraging 9-fluorenylmethyl carbazate. We show that these resins are extremely stable under several common resin storage conditions. The application of these resins to solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is demonstrated through the synthesis of the 40-mer GLP-1R agonist peptide "P5". These studies support the broad utility of Fmoc-NHNH-Trt resins for SPPS of C-terminal hydrazide peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bird
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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3
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Martinez MR, Dworakowska S, Gorczyński A, Szczepaniak G, Bossa FDL, Matyjaszewski K. Kinetic comparison of isomeric oligo(ethylene oxide) (meth)acrylates: Aqueous polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate and methyl 2‐(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether)acrylate macromonomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biotechnology and Renewable Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Cracow University of Technology Cracow Poland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ferdinando De Luca Bossa
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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4
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Amino-Li-Resin—A Fiber Polyacrylamide Resin for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050928. [PMID: 35267752 PMCID: PMC8912574 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino-Li-resin is a new and unique polyacrylamide resin presented in the form of fibers and is found to be well suited for solid-phase peptide chemistry. Although amino-Li-resin swells much better in polar solvents, it is also compatible with some non-polar solvents. It comes with a high loading of functional amino groups, thus maximizing its productivity in terms of the amount of peptide per gram of resin. In addition to its mechanical stability, this resin shows excellent stability in basic and acidic reagents; thus, allowing its broad applicability for the synthesis of a wide range of biomolecules. Finally, the appropriateness of amino-Li-resin for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) has been demonstrated for the synthesis of several model peptides, including difficult sequences and those containing hindered amino acids, all of which afforded excellent crude purity, as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
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5
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Carter EM, Subrizi F, Ward JM, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC. Direct Conversion of Hydrazones to Amines using Transaminases. ChemCatChem 2021; 13:4520-4523. [PMID: 35874927 PMCID: PMC9292518 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transaminase enzymes (TAms) have been widely used for the amination of aldehydes and ketones, often resulting in optically pure products. In this work, transaminases were directly reacted with hydrazones in a novel approach to form amine products. Several substrates were investigated, including those with furan and phenyl moieties. It was determined that the amine yields increased when an additional electrophile was added to the reaction mixture, suggesting that they can sequester the hydrazine released in the reaction. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a cofactor for transaminases, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-aldehydes were both found to increase the yield of amine formed. Notably, the amination of (S)-(-)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (SAMP) hydrazones gave promising results as a method to form chiral β-substituted amines in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve M Carter
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Fabiana Subrizi
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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6
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Descalzi-Montoya D, Montel RA, Smith K, Dziopa E, Darwich A, Yang Z, Bitsaktsis C, Korngold R, Sabatino D. Synthetic Antibody Mimics Based on Cancer-Targeting Immunostimulatory Peptides. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1589-1596. [PMID: 32964656 PMCID: PMC8191480 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
De novo cancer-targeting immunostimulatory peptides have been designed and developed as synthetic antibody mimics. A series of bifunctional peptides incorporating NKp30-binding and NK-cell-activating domains were synthesized as linear dimers and then extended into branching trimeric peptides by the incorporation of GRP78-targeting and tumor-cell-binding sequences. A selected trimeric peptide from this small set of peptides displayed binding capabilities on GRP78+ HepG2 and A549 target cells. Cell binding diminished in the presence of an anti-GRP78 peptide blocker, thus suggesting GRP78-binding dependence. Similarly, the selected trimeric peptide was also found to exhibit NK cell binding in an NKp30-dependent manner, which translated into NK cell activation as indicated by cytokine secretion. In co-culture, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the target GFP-expressing A549 cells were visibly associated with the effector NK cells when pre-activated with lead trimeric peptide. Accordingly, A549 cells were found to be compromised, as evidenced by the loss of GFP signal and notable detection of early-/late-stage apoptosis. Investigation of the immunological markers related to toxicity revealed detectable secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-8. Furthermore, administration of peptide-activated NK cells into A549-tumor-bearing mice resulted in a consistent decrease in tumor growth when compared to the untreated control group. Taken together, the identification of a lead trimeric peptide capable of targeting and activating NK cells' immunotoxicity directly towards GRP78+ /B7H6- tumors provides a novel proof-of-concept for the development of cancer-targeting immunostimulatory peptide ligands that mimic antibody-targeting and -activating functions related to cancer immunotherapy applications.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies/chemistry
- Antibodies/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Descalzi-Montoya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack-Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Rachel A Montel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Keith Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Eugenia Dziopa
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack-Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Andrieh Darwich
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack-Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Constantine Bitsaktsis
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Robert Korngold
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack-Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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7
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Development of Peptide Ligands for Targeted Capture of Host Cell Proteins from Cell Culture Production Harvests. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2261:489-506. [PMID: 33421010 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1186-9_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capture of host cell proteins (HCPs) from cell culture production harvests is critical to ensure the maximum levels specified by international regulatory bodies of product purity for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Peptide ligands that selectively target the whole spectrum of the HCPs, while letting the mAb product flow through unbound, are an ideal complement to the affinity-based capture step via Protein A chromatography. In this work, we describe the development of HCP-binding peptide ligands, especially focusing on the steps of (1) peptide selection via library screening and (2) quantification of HCP removal via proteomics by mass spectrometry.
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8
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Magtaan JK, Devocelle M, Kelleher F. Assessing the correlation of microscopy-based and volumetry-based measurements for resin swelling in a range of potential greener solvents for SPPS. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3250. [PMID: 32215981 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The degree of resin swelling in a particular solvent system is one of the critical parameters for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and for solid-phase synthesis in general. Methods used for measuring the degree of resin swelling include microscopy-based and volumetry-based methods. This study describes and compares the use of both methods for a number of commercially available resins commonly used in SPPS, with a range of solvents, which have been identified in the literature as 'greener' than DCM, DMF and NMP. The results were analysed by statistical methods, and a significant correlation between the two distinct methods has been demonstrated for the first time. The results will likely be used, in conjunction with other literature methods, to help in choosing both the resin and solvent system for greener SPPS, as well as for continuous flow SPPS, which is of growing importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Kevin Magtaan
- Molecular Design & Synthesis Group, Centre of Applied Science for Health, TU Dublin Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Devocelle
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fintan Kelleher
- Molecular Design & Synthesis Group, Centre of Applied Science for Health, TU Dublin Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Ruff Y, Martinez R, Pellé X, Nimsgern P, Fille P, Ratnikov M, Berst F. An Amphiphilic Polymer-Supported Strategy Enables Chemical Transformations under Anhydrous Conditions for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:120-128. [PMID: 32040908 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of DNA-encoded libraries has emerged as a powerful hit generation technology. Combining the power of combinatorial chemistry to enumerate large compound collections with the efficiency of affinity selection in pools, the methodology makes it possible to interrogate vast chemical space against biological targets of pharmaceutical relevance. Thus, the chemical transformations employed for the synthesis of encoded libraries play a crucial role in the identification of diverse and drug-like starting points. Currently established transformations have mostly been limited to water-compatible reactions to accommodate the growing oligonucleotide tag. Herein, we describe the development of a practical catch-and-release methodology utilizing a cationic, amphiphilic PEG-based polymer to perform chemical transformations on immobilized DNA conjugates under anhydrous conditions. We demonstrate the usefulness of our APTAC (amphiphilic polymer-facilitated transformations under anhydrous conditions) approach by performing several challenging transformations on DNA-conjugated small molecules in pure organic solvents: the addition of a carbanion equivalent to a DNA-conjugated ketone in tetrahydrofuran, the synthesis of saturated heterocycles using the tin (Sn) amine protocol (SnAP) in dichloromethane, and the dual-catalytic (Ir/Ni) metallaphotoredox decarboxylative cross-coupling of carboxylic acids to DNA-conjugated aryl halides in DMSO. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of the latter in multititer-plate format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ruff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Pellé
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Nimsgern
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Fille
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Ratnikov
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Frédéric Berst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Multiplexed Competitive Screening of One-Bead-One-Component Combinatorial Libraries Using a ClonePix 2 Colony Sorter. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205119. [PMID: 31623061 PMCID: PMC6830312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening solid-phase combinatorial libraries of bioactive compounds against fluorescently labeled target biomolecules is an established technology in ligand and drug discovery. Rarely, however, do screening methods include comprehensive strategies-beyond mere library blocking and competitive screening-to ensure binding selectivity of selected leads. This work presents a method for multiplexed solid-phase peptide library screening using a ClonePix 2 Colony Picker that integrates (i) orthogonal fluorescent labeling for positive selection against a target protein and negative selection against competitor species with (ii) semi-quantitative tracking of target vs. competitor binding for every library bead. The ClonePix 2 technology enables global at-a-glance evaluation and customization of the parameters for bead selection to ensure high affinity and selectivity of the isolated leads. A case study is presented by screening a peptide library against green-labeled human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and red-labeled host cell proteins (HCPs) using ClonePix 2 to select HCP-binding ligands for flow-through chromatography applications. Using this approach, 79 peptide ligand candidates (6.6% of the total number of ligands screened) were identified as potential HCP-selective ligands, enabling a potential rate of >3,000 library beads screened per hour.
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11
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Ramkisson S, Jad YE, Sharma A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. OctaGel Resin - A New PEG-PS-based Solid Support for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190913153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
:
OctaGel resin is a unique, highly uniformed surface-active resin. Here, we compared the
performance of OctaGel with that of known resins on the market, namely polystyrene and ChemMatrix,
in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. The synthesis of the ‘difficult’ Aib-ACP (65-74) decapeptide
showed that OctaGel has the potential to yield molecules with satisfactory purity. Given its high swelling
capacity and large bead size, OctaGel also shows efficient interaction with various solvents, including
those mainly used for SPPS (DMF and DCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaveer Ramkisson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Yahaya E. Jad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Anamika Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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12
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Kim S, Lee SM, Lee SS, Shin DS. Microfluidic Generation of Amino-Functionalized Hydrogel Microbeads Capable of On-Bead Bioassay. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080527. [PMID: 31405057 PMCID: PMC6723060 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic generation of hydrogel microbeads is a highly efficient and reproducible approach to create various functional hydrogel beads. Here, we report a method to prepare crosslinked amino-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) microbeads using a microfluidic channel. The microbeads generated from a microfluidic device were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. We found that the microbeads were monodisperse and the amino groups were localized on the shell region of the microbeads. A swelling test exhibited compatibility with various solvents. A cell binding assay was successfully performed with RGD peptide-coupled amino-functionalized hydrogel microbeads. This strategy will enable the large production of the various functional microbeads, which can be used for solid phase peptide synthesis and on-bead bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Sang-Myung Lee
- Division of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Lee
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dong-Sik Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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13
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Bruyat P, Jean L, Renard PY. Regioselective Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Analogues Containing 3,4- or 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazole as s-cis
or s-trans
Peptide Bond Mimics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Bruyat
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), IRCOF; 1 Rue Tesnières 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), IRCOF; 1 Rue Tesnières 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), IRCOF; 1 Rue Tesnières 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
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14
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Carbajo D, El-Faham A, Royo M, Albericio F. Optimized Stepwise Synthesis of the API Liraglutide Using BAL Resin and Pseudoprolines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8674-8680. [PMID: 31459957 PMCID: PMC6648002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of peptide-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has increased enormously in recent years. Furthermore, the emerging new peptide drug candidates are more complex and larger. For the industrial solid-phase synthesis of C-carboxylic acid peptides, the two main resins available, Wang and chlorotrityl chloride (CTC), have a number of drawbacks. In this context, resins that form an amide bond with the first amino acid are more robust than Wang and CTC resins. Here, we address the use of the backbone (BAL) resin for the synthesis of the peptide liraglutide. The BAL resin, in conjunction with the use of pseudoprolines to avoid aggregation, allows the stepwise solid-phase synthesis of this API in excellent purity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carbajo
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Spanish National Research
Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Miriam Royo
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Spanish National Research
Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Spanish National Research
Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of
Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- E-mail: , . Phone: (+34) 618 089
145, (+27) 614 009 144
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15
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Saberi-Bosari S, Omary M, Lavoie A, Prodromou R, Day K, Menegatti S, San-Miguel A. Affordable Microfluidic Bead-Sorting Platform for Automated Selection of Porous Particles Functionalized with Bioactive Compounds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7210. [PMID: 31076584 PMCID: PMC6510793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to rapidly and accurately evaluate bioactive compounds immobilized on porous particles is crucial in the discovery of drugs, diagnostic reagents, ligands, and catalysts. Existing options for solid phase screening of bioactive compounds, while highly effective and well established, can be cost-prohibitive for proof-of-concept and early stage work, limiting its applicability and flexibility in new research areas. Here, we present a low-cost microfluidics-based platform enabling automated screening of small porous beads from solid-phase peptide libraries with high sensitivity and specificity, to identify leads with high binding affinity for a biological target. The integration of unbiased computer assisted image processing and analysis tools, provided the platform with the flexibility of sorting through beads with distinct fluorescence patterns. The customized design of the microfluidic device helped with handling beads with different diameters (~100-300 µm). As a microfluidic device, this portable novel platform can be integrated with a variety of analytical instruments to perform screening. In this study, the system utilizes fluorescence microscopy and unsupervised image analysis, and can operate at a sorting speed of up to 125 beads/hr (~3.5 times faster than a trained operator) providing >90% yield and >90% bead sorting accuracy. Notably, the device has proven successful in screening a model solid-phase peptide library by showing the ability to select beads carrying peptides binding a target protein (human IgG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Saberi-Bosari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mohammad Omary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kevin Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Adriana San-Miguel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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16
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Varnava KG, Sarojini V. Making Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Greener: A Review of the Literature. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1088-1097. [PMID: 30681290 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To date, the synthesis of peptides is concurrent with the production of enormous amounts of toxic waste. DMF, CH2 Cl2 , and NMP are three of the most toxic organic solvents used in chemical synthesis and are the most common solvents used for peptide synthesis. Additionally, concerns about the hepatotoxicity caused by exposure to DMF and from the toxic and allergenic nature of additives used in peptide synthesis necessitates the need for a green, environmentally friendly, and safer protocol for peptide synthesis. This review summarizes the current literature on green solid-phase peptide synthesis successes and challenges encountered. The review concludes with suggestions for future research towards a simple and efficient green peptide synthesis protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos G Varnava
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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17
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Boross GN, Shimura S, Besenius M, Tennagels N, Rossen K, Wagner M, Bode JW. Facile folding of insulin variants bearing a prosthetic C-peptide prepared by α-ketoacid-hydroxylamine (KAHA) ligation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8388-8395. [PMID: 30542587 PMCID: PMC6243641 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of insulin is an enduring challenge due to the hydrophobic peptide chains and construction of the correct intermolecular disulfide pattern. We report a new approach to the chemical synthesis of insulin using a short, traceless, prosthetic C-peptide that facilitates the formation of the correct disulfide pattern during folding and its removal by basic treatment. The linear precursor is assembled by an ester forming α-ketoacid-hydroxylamine (KAHA) ligation that provides access to the linear insulin precursors in good yield from two readily prepared segments. This convergent and flexible route provides access to various human, mouse, and guinea pig insulins containing a single homoserine mutation that shows no detrimental effect on the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor N Boross
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland . ; http://www.bode.ethz.ch/
| | - Satomi Shimura
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland . ; http://www.bode.ethz.ch/
| | - Melissa Besenius
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Industriepark Hoechst , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany . http://www.sanofi.com
| | - Norbert Tennagels
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Industriepark Hoechst , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany . http://www.sanofi.com
| | - Kai Rossen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Industriepark Hoechst , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany . http://www.sanofi.com
| | - Michael Wagner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Industriepark Hoechst , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany . http://www.sanofi.com
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland . ; http://www.bode.ethz.ch/
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18
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Fabre B, Pícha J, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Chrudinová M, Hajduch J, Jiráček J. Probing Tripodal Peptide Scaffolds as Insulin and IGF-1 Receptor Ligands. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
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19
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Wołczański G, Cal M, Waliczek M, Lisowski M, Stefanowicz P. Self-Synthesizing Models of Helical Proteins Based on Aromatic Disulfide Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:12869-12878. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wołczański
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marta Cal
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Georg-August University Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 2 D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marek Lisowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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20
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Pícha J, Fabre B, Buděšínský M, Hajduch J, Abdellaoui M, Jiráček J. Tri-Orthogonal Scaffolds for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Mehdi Abdellaoui
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
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21
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Lopez J, Pletscher S, Aemissegger A, Bucher C, Gallou F. N-Butylpyrrolidinone as Alternative Solvent for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Lopez
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, WSJ-145-5.51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Pletscher
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, WSJ-145-5.51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Aemissegger
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, WSJ-145-5.51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bucher
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, WSJ-145-5.51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, WSJ-145-5.51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Kondasinghe TD, Saraha HY, Odeesho SB, Stockdill JL. Direct palladium-mediated on-resin disulfide formation from Allocam protected peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2914-2918. [PMID: 28327729 PMCID: PMC5475270 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of disulfide-containing polypeptides represents a long-standing challenge in peptide chemistry, and broadly applicable methods for the construction of disulfides are in constant demand. Few strategies exist for on-resin formation of disulfides directly from their protected counterparts. We present herein a novel strategy for the on-resin construction of disulfides directly from Allocam-protected cysteines. Our palladium-mediated approach is mild and uses readily available reagents, requiring no special equipment. No reduced peptide intermediates or S-allylated products are observed, and no residual palladium can be detected in the final products. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the synthesis of the C-carboxy analog of oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasina Y Saraha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Samantha B Odeesho
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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23
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Wu F, Mayer JP, Gelfanov VM, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. Synthesis of Four-Disulfide Insulin Analogs via Sequential Disulfide Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3506-3512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - John P. Mayer
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
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24
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Fabre B, Pícha J, Vaněk V, Selicharová I, Chrudinová M, Collinsová M, Žáková L, Buděšínský M, Jiráček J. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Library of Trifunctional Scaffold-Derived Compounds as Modulators of the Insulin Receptor. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:710-722. [PMID: 27936668 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We designed a combinatorial library of trifunctional scaffold-derived compounds, which were derivatized with 30 different in-house-made azides. The compounds were proposed to mimic insulin receptor (IR)-binding epitopes in the insulin molecule and bind to and activate this receptor. This work has enabled us to test our synthetic and biological methodology and to prove its robustness and reliability for the solid-phase synthesis and testing of combinatorial libraries of the trifunctional scaffold-derived compounds. Our effort resulted in the discovery of two compounds, which were able to weakly induce the autophosphorylation of IR and weakly bind to this receptor at a 0.1 mM concentration. Despite these modest biological results, which well document the well-known difficulty in modulating protein-protein interactions, this study represents a unique example of targeting the IR with a set of nonpeptide compounds that were specifically designed and synthesized for this purpose. We believe that this work can open new perspectives for the development of next-generation insulin mimetics based on the scaffold structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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25
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Wu F, Mayer JP, Zaykov AN, Zhang F, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. Chemical Synthesis of Human Insulin-Like Peptide-6. Chemistry 2016; 22:9777-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - John P. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Alexander N. Zaykov
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Fa Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis; 5225 Exploration Drive Indianapolis Indiana 46241 USA
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
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26
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Masuda K, Furumitsu M, Ooyama H, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K. Synthesis of neurosecretory protein GM composed of 88 amino acid residues by native chemical ligation. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Marine JE, Song S, Liang X, Rudick JG. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Bundle-Forming α-Helical Peptide-Dendron Hybrids. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:336-44. [PMID: 26674475 PMCID: PMC4710556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendronized helix bundle assemblies combine the sequence diversity and folding properties of proteins with the tailored physical properties of dendrimers. Assembly of peptide-dendron hybrids into α-helical bundles encapsulates the helix bundle motif in a dendritic sheath that will allow the functional, protein-like domain to be transplanted to nonbiological environments. A bioorthogonal graft-to synthetic strategy for preparing helix bundle-forming peptide-dendron hybrids is described herein for hybrids 1a, 1b, and 2. Titration experiments monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy support our self-assembly model for how the peptide-dendron hybrids self-assemble into α-helical bundles with the dendrons on outside of the bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette E. Marine
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Rudick
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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28
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A CuAAC-Hydrazone-CuAAC Trifunctional Scaffold for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Trimodal Compounds: Possibilities and Limitations. Molecules 2015; 20:19310-29. [PMID: 26512633 PMCID: PMC6332392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a trifunctional scaffold designed for the solid-phase synthesis of trimodal compounds. This scaffold holds two alkyne arms in a free and TIPS-protected form for consecutive CuAAC (copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition), one Fmoc-protected hydrazide arm for reaction with aldehydes, and one carboxylic acid arm with CF2 groups for attachment to the resin and 19F-NMR quantification. This scaffold was attached to a resin and derivatized with model azides and aliphatic, electron-rich or electron-poor aromatic aldehydes. We identified several limitations of the scaffold caused by the instability of hydrazones in acidic conditions, in the presence of copper during CuAAC, and when copper accumulated in the resin. We successfully overcame these drawbacks by optimizing synthetic conditions for the derivatization of the scaffold with aromatic aldehydes. Overall, the new trifunctional scaffold combines CuAAC and hydrazone chemistries, offering a broader chemical space for the development of bioactive compounds.
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29
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Huang YC, Guan CJ, Tan XL, Chen CC, Guo QX, Li YM. Accelerated Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of peptides with aggregation-disrupting backbones. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1500-6. [PMID: 25476596 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe an accelerated solid-phase synthetic protocol for ordinary or difficult peptides involving air-bath heating and amide protection. For the Hmsb-based backbone amide protection, an optimized acyl shift condition using 1,4-dioxane was discovered. The efficiency and robustness of the protocol was validated in the course of preparation of classical difficult peptides and ubiquitin protein segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Huang
- School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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30
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Dang B, Dhayalan B, Kent SBH. Enhanced Solvation of Peptides Attached to "Solid-Phase" Resins: Straightforward Syntheses of the Elastin Sequence Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val. Org Lett 2015; 17:3521-3. [PMID: 26110966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The solubility-enhancing power of covalent attachment to solvent-swollen cross-linked resin supports was illustrated by syntheses of the highly aggregating elastin-derived 10-residue peptide sequence Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val using standard protocols for both Boc and Fmoc chemistry SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stephen B H Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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31
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Vaněk V, Pícha J, Fabre B, Buděšínský M, Lepšík M, Jiráček J. The Development of a Versatile Trifunctional Scaffold for Biological Applications. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Masuda K, Ooyama H, Shikano K, Kondo K, Furumitsu M, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Ukena K. Microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis of neurosecretory protein GL composed of 80 amino acid residues. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:454-60. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Masuda
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Haruka Ooyama
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kondo
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
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33
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Wu F, Chabenne JR, Gelfanov VM, Mayer JP, DiMarchi RD. Three-chain insulin analogs demonstrate the importance of insulin secondary structure to bioactivity. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:223-30. [PMID: 25665061 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the chemical synthesis and biological characterization of novel three-chain insulin analogs with a destabilized secondary structure. The analogs, obtained by chemical synthesis via a single-chain precursor and selective enzymatic digestion, were used to investigate the role of the highly conserved 'insulin fold'. Biological characterization through in vitro biochemical signaling showed extremely low activity at each insulin receptor when compared with native insulin. We conclude that the 'insulin fold' is a structural foundation that supports insulin biological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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34
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Jad YE, Acosta GA, Khattab SN, de la Torre BG, Govender T, Kruger HG, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Peptide synthesis beyond DMF: THF and ACN as excellent and friendlier alternatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2393-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, DMF has been considered as the only solvent suitable for peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya E. Jad
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Gerardo A. Acosta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine-Barcelona
- 08028-Barcelona
- Spain
- CIBER-BBN
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering
| | - Sherine N. Khattab
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Alexandria University
- Alexandria 21321
- Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
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35
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Voronin K, Allentoff AJ, Bonacorsi SJ, Mapelli C, Gong SX, Lee V, Riexinger D, Sanghvi N, Jiang H, Zeng J. Synthesis of a stable isotopically labeled universal surrogate peptide for use as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS bioanalysis of human IgG and Fc-fusion protein drug candidates. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:579-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Voronin
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms Radiochemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Alban J. Allentoff
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms Radiochemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Samuel J. Bonacorsi
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms Radiochemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Claudio Mapelli
- Peptide Synthesis group; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Sharon X. Gong
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms Radiochemistry; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Ving Lee
- Peptide Synthesis group; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Douglas Riexinger
- Peptide Synthesis group; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Nishith Sanghvi
- Peptide Synthesis group; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Bioanalytical Sciences; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
| | - Jianing Zeng
- Bioanalytical Sciences; Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development; Route 206 and Province Line Road Princeton NJ USA
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36
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Joseph SC, Blackman BA, Kelly ML, Phillips M, Beaury MW, Martinez I, Parronchi CJ, Bitsaktsis C, Blake AD, Sabatino D. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of poly(arginine)-derived cancer-targeting peptides in HepG2 liver cancer cells. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:736-45. [PMID: 24931620 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The solid-phase synthesis, structural characterization, and biological evaluation of a small library of cancer-targeting peptides have been determined in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells. These peptides are based on the highly specific Pep42 motif, which has been shown to target the glucose-regulated protein 78 receptors overexpressed and exclusively localized on the cell surface of tumors. In this study, Pep42 was designed to contain varying lengths (3-12) of poly(arginine) sequences to assess their influence on peptide structure and biology. Peptides were effectively synthesized by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-based solid-phase peptide synthesis, in which the use of a poly(ethylene glycol) resin provided good yields (14-46%) and crude purities >95% as analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Peptide structure and biophysical properties were investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Interestingly, peptides displayed secondary structures that were contingent on solvent and length of the poly(arginine) sequences. Peptides exhibited helical and turn conformations, while retaining significant thermal stability. Structure-activity relationship studies conducted by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed that the poly(arginine) derived Pep42 sequences maintained glucose-regulated protein 78 binding on HepG2 cells while exhibiting cell translocation activity that was contingent on the length of the poly(arginine) strand. In single dose (0.15 mM) and dose-response (0-1.5 mM) cell viability assays, peptides were found to be nontoxic in human HepG2 liver cancer cells, illustrating their potential as safe cancer-targeting delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stesha C Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
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37
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Palomo JM. Solid-phase peptide synthesis: an overview focused on the preparation of biologically relevant peptides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailor-made design preparation of complex peptide sequence including posttranslational modifications, fluorescent labels, unnatural amino acids are of exceptional value for biological studies of several important diseases. The possibility to obtain these molecules in sufficient amounts in relative short time is thanks to the solid-phase approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Palomo
- Departamento of Biocatalisis
- Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC)
- Madrid, Spain
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38
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Vernieri E, Valle J, Andreu D, de la Torre BG. An optimized Fmoc synthesis of human defensin 5. Amino Acids 2013; 46:395-400. [PMID: 24311274 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human α-defensin 5 (DEF5), expressed by the Paneth cells of human small intestine, plays an important role in host defense against microbial infections. DEF5, a 32-residue peptide adopting a three-stranded β-sheet fold stabilized by three internal disulfide bonds, is not efficiently produced by recombinant expression techniques and is, therefore, an interesting goal for chemical synthesis. While DEF5 production by Boc-based solid-phase synthesis has been described, to date no synthetic account by the more convenient Fmoc method has been published. Herein, we report an optimized solid-phase synthesis of DEF5 using the Fmoc strategy. Starting from a rather problematic initial synthesis using standard Wang resin and coupling protocols, the sequence elongation process has been monitored by mini-cleavage and MS analysis at strategic points, to identify problematic spots and act accordingly. For expediency, some of the optimization rounds have been run on defensin 5 amide. Main modifications have included the ChemMatrix(®) resin, known to decrease chain aggregation, and the use of pseudoproline dipeptide units at selected positions. Combination of some of these improvements results in a significantly purer product, to the extent that it can undergo in situ anaerobic oxidative folding to the native form without the need of an intermediate purification step. A typical synthesis run yielded about 15 mg of >95 % pure material. This approach should facilitate production of DEF5 and of selected analogs for structure-activity studies and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Vernieri
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Echalier C, Al-Halifa S, Kreiter A, Enjalbal C, Sanchez P, Ronga L, Puget K, Verdié P, Amblard M, Martinez J, Subra G. Heating and microwave assisted SPPS of C-terminal acid peptides on trityl resin: the truth behind the yield. Amino Acids 2013; 45:1395-403. [PMID: 24142338 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite correct purity of crude peptides prepared on trityl resin by Fmoc/tBu microwave assisted solid phase peptide synthesis, surprisingly, lower yields than those expected were obtained while preparing C-terminal acid peptides. This could be explained by cyclization/cleavage through diketopiperazine formation during the second amino acid deprotection and third amino acid coupling. However, we provide here evidence that this is not the case and that this yield loss was due to high temperature promoted hydrolysis of the 2-chlorotrityl ester, yielding premature cleavage of the C-terminal acid peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Echalier
- Genepep Domaine des Pins, 48 Impasse des Eglantiers, 34980, Saint Clément de Rivière, France
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40
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Menegatti S, Ward KL, Naik AD, Kish WS, Blackburn RK, Carbonell RG. Reversible cyclic peptide libraries for the discovery of affinity ligands. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9229-37. [PMID: 24000940 DOI: 10.1021/ac401954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy is presented for the identification of cyclic peptide ligands from combinatorial libraries of reversible cyclic depsipeptides. A method for the solid-phase synthesis of individual cyclic depsipeptides and combinatorial libraries of these compounds is proposed, which employs lactic acid (Lact) and the dipeptide ester (Nα-Ac)-Ser(Ala)- as linkers for dilactonization. Upon alkaline treatment of the beads selected by screening a model library, the cyclic depsipeptides are linearized and released from the solid support to the liquid phase, to be sequenced via single-step tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The protocol presented for library synthesis provides for wide structural diversity. Two model sequences, VVWVVK and AAWAAR, were chosen to present different structural examples for depsipeptide libraries and demonstrate the process of sequence determination by mass spectrometry. Further, a case study using the IgG binding cyclic depsipeptide cyclo[(Nα-Ac)-S(A)-RWHYFK-Lact-E] is presented to demonstrate the process of library screening and sequence determination on the selected beads. Finally, a method is shown for synthesis of the irreversible cyclic peptide corresponding to the proposed depsipeptide structure, to make the ligand stable to the aqueous acid and alkaline conditions encountered in affinity chromatographic applications. The cyclic peptide ligand was synthesized on a poly(methacrylate) resin and used for chromatographic binding of the target IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, and §Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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41
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Miralles G, Verdié P, Puget K, Maurras A, Martinez J, Subra G. Microwave-mediated reduction of disulfide bridges with supported (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) as resin-bound reducing agent. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:169-73. [PMID: 23438263 DOI: 10.1021/co300104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and use of a new supported reagent consisting in tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) immobilized on hydrophilic PEG based resin beads. Used in conjunction with a 5 min microwave (MW) irradiation, "supported TCEP" reduced disulfide bridges in free thiols in peptides having two or more cysteine residues. Separation of reaction products from reducing agent was easily performed by simple filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Miralles
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Verdié
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Puget
- Genepep SA, Les Coteaux
Saint Roch, 12 Rue du Fer à Cheval, 34430 St
Jean de Védas, France
| | - Amélie Maurras
- Genepep SA, Les Coteaux
Saint Roch, 12 Rue du Fer à Cheval, 34430 St
Jean de Védas, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des
Biomolécules
Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, 15 avenue
Charles Flahault 34000 Montpellier, France
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42
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Shelton PT, Jensen KJ. Linkers, resins, and general procedures for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1047:23-41. [PMID: 23943476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-544-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the basic protocols for solid-phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc group as the N (α)-protecting group (Fmoc-SPPS). The chapter introduces resins and their handling, choice of linkers, and the most common methods for peptide chain assembly. The proper choice of resins and linkers for solid-phase synthesis is a key parameter for successful peptide synthesis. This chapter provides an overview of the most common and useful resins and linkers for the synthesis of peptides with C-terminal amides, carboxylic acids, and more. The chapter finishes with robust protocols for general solid-phase peptide synthesis, i.e., the standard operations.
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43
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Cal M, Jaremko M, Jaremko Ł, Stefanowicz P. Solid phase synthesis of peptide hydroxamic acids on poly(ethylene glycol)-based support. J Pept Sci 2012; 19:9-15. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cal
- Institute Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 50-383, Joliot-Curie 14; Wrocław; Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; 02-106, Pawińskiego 5a; Warsaw; Poland
| | | | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Institute Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 50-383, Joliot-Curie 14; Wrocław; Poland
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44
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Hjørringgaard CU, Brust A, Alewood PF. Evaluation of COMU as a coupling reagent for in situ neutralization Boc solid phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:199-207. [PMID: 22252935 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Benzotriazole-based coupling reagents have dominated the last two decades of solid phase peptide synthesis. However, a growing interest in synthesizing complex peptides has stimulated the search for more efficient and low-cost coupling reagents, such as COMU which has been introduced as a nonexplosive alternative to the classic benzotriazole coupling reagents. Here, we present a comparative study of the coupling efficiency of COMU with the benzotriazole-based HBTU and HCTU for use in in situ neutralization Boc-SPPS. Difficult sequences, such as ACP(65-74), Jung-Redeman 10-mer, and HIV-1 PR(81-99), were used as model target peptides on polystyrene-based resins, as well as polyethylene glycol-based resins. Coupling yields obtained using fast in situ Boc-SPPS cycles were determined with the quantitative ninhydrin test as well as via LC-MS analysis of the crude cleavage products. Our results demonstrate that COMU coupling efficiency was less effective compared to HBTU and HCTU with HCTU ≥ HBTU > COMU, when polystyrene-based resins were employed. However, when the PEG resin was employed in combination with a safety catch amide (SCAL) linker, more comparable yields were observed for the three coupling reagents with the same ranking HCTU ≥ HBTU > COMU.
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