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Fang C, Wu W, Ni Z, Liu Y, Luo J, Zhou Y, Gong C, Hu D, Yao C, Chen X, Wang L, Zhu S. Ailanthone inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis through targeting UPF1/GAS5/ULK1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155333. [PMID: 38518633 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) is a novel and promising approach in cancer therapy. In our previous study, we investigated the effects of ailanthone (aila), the main active compound derived from the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, on the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Although we observed significant inhibition of NSCLC cell growth of aila, the underlying mechanisms involving LncRNAs, specifically LncRNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5), remain largely unknown. METHODS To further explore the impact of aila on NSCLC, we performed a series of experiments. Firstly, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of aila on NSCLC cell growth using multiple assays, including MTT, wound healing, transwell assay, as well as subcutaneous and metastasis tumor mice models in vivo. Next, we utilized cDNA microarray and RT-QPCR to identify GAS5 as the primary target of aila. To verify the importance of GAS5 in aila-induced tumor inhibition, we manipulated GAS5 expression levels by constructing GAS5 over-expression and knockdown NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated the upstream and downstream signaling pathways of GAS5 through western blot and RT-QPCR analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that aila effectively increased GAS5 expression, as determined by microarray analysis. We also observed that aila significantly enhanced GAS5 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner across various NSCLC cell lines. Notably, over-expression of GAS5 led to a significant suppression of NSCLC cell tumor growth; while aila had minimal inhibitory effect on GAS5-knockdown NSCLC cells. Additionally, we discovered that aila inhibited ULK1 and autophagy, and this inhibition was reversed by GAS5 knockdown. Moreover, we found that aila up-regulated GAS5 expression by suppressing UPF1-mediated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggest that aila promotes GAS5 expression by inhibiting UPF1-mediated NMD, leading to the repression of ULK1-mediated autophagy and subsequent inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells. These results indicate that aila is a potent enhancer of GAS5 and holds promising potential for application in NSCLC therapy. However, our research is currently focused only on NSCLC. It remains to be determined whether aila can also inhibit the growth of other types of tumors through the UPF1/GAS5/ULK1 signaling pathway. In future studies, we can further investigate the mechanisms by which aila suppresses other types of tumors and potentially broaden the scope of its application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Experiment Animal Center, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongya Ni
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangli Liu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Luo
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufu Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Nei Jing, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ma S, Guo X, Han R, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Quan W, Miao S, Yang Z, Shi X, Wang S. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of ailanthone in the treatment of colorectal cancer: integration of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355644. [PMID: 38384287 PMCID: PMC10880095 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ailanthone, a small compound derived from the bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, has several anti-tumour properties. However, the activity and mechanism of ailanthone in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be investigated. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the mechanism of ailanthone in the treatment of CRC by employing a combination of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and molecular biological technique. Methods: The druggability of ailanthone was examined, and its targets were identified using relevant databases. The RNA sequencing data of individuals with CRC obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. Utilizing the R programming language, an in-depth investigation of differentially expressed genes was carried out, and the potential target of ailanthone for anti-CRC was found. Through the integration of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment studies to search for the key pathway of the action of Ailanthone. Then, by employing molecular docking verification, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and Immunofluorescence to corroborate these discoveries. Results: Data regarding pharmacokinetic parameters and 137 target genes for ailanthone were obtained. Leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas database, information regarding 2,551 differentially expressed genes was extracted. Subsequent analyses, encompassing protein-protein interaction network analysis, survival analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking verification, revealed the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as pivotal mediators of ailanthone against CRC. Additionally, the in vitro experiments indicated that ailanthone substantially affects the cell cycle, induces apoptosis in CRC cells (HCT116 and SW620 cells), and impedes the migration and invasion capabilities of these cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that ailanthone significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT protein and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Conclusion: Therefore, our findings indicate that Ailanthone exerts anti-CRC effects primarily by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Additionally, we propose that Ailanthone holds potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Ma
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodi Guo
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruisi Han
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Meng
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Ma SB, Liu L, Li X, Xie YH, Shi XP, Wang SW. Virtual screening-molecular docking-activity evaluation of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle bark in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37322476 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic basis of the dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle for the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on Virtual Screening-Molecular Docking-Activity Evaluation technology. METHODS By searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology TCMSP Database and Analysis Platform, 89 compounds were obtained from the chemical components of the dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Then, after preliminarily screening the compounds based on Lipinski's rule of five and other relevant conditions, the AutoDock Vina molecular docking software was used to evaluate the affinity of the compounds to ulcerative colitis-related target proteins and their binding modes through use of the scoring function to identify the best candidate compounds. Further verification of the compound's properties was achieved through in vitro experiments. RESULTS Twenty-two compounds obtained from the secondary screening were molecularly docked with ulcerative colitis-related target proteins (IL-1R, TLR, EGFR, TGFR, and Wnt) using AutoDock Vina. The free energies of the highest scoring compounds binding to the active cavity of human IL-1R, TLR, EGFR, TGFR, and Wnt proteins were - 8.7, - 8.0, - 9.2, - 7.7, and - 8.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The potential compounds, dehydrocrebanine, ailanthone, and kaempferol, were obtained through scoring function and docking mode analysis. Furthermore, the potential compound ailanthone (1, 3, and 10 µM) was found to have no significant effect on cell proliferation, though at 10 µM it reduced the level of pro-inflammatory factors caused by lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION Among the active components of the dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, ailanthone plays a major role in its anti-inflammatory properties. The present study shows that ailanthone has advantages in cell proliferation and in inhibiting of inflammation, but further animal research is needed to confirm its pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Bo Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lun Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Creation of Value Chains for the Sustainability of Control and Eradication Actions on Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Actions to control and eradicate Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle are essential to the prevention of uncontrolled growth and expansion of this species and its competition with native species. This competition leads to biodiversity and productivity losses in forests. The present study evaluated the potential to create value chains to maintain the sustainability of control actions through the energy recovery of collected A. altissima biomass. Other possibilities were also discussed, such as the extraction of allelopathic compounds. For this purpose, and to assess the potential for energy recovery, samples of A. altissima were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to discuss the potential of using extracted compounds in nature-based applications, and a literature review was carried out. It was found that, although there is potential for the use of these biomasses for energy production, the high levels of chlorine and heavy metals pose some obstacles to their large-scale use, mainly due to their corrosive potential. On the other hand, the extraction of allelopathic compounds was shown to be potentially interesting for use in the control of other invasive species. Used in this application, it may be possible to create value chains to sustain, control, and eradicate the actions of this invasive species.
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LEE S, CHOI YM, YIM SH. Screening and characterization of active herbal extracts and components stimulating human beta defensing (hBD-3) expression from HaCaT cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Anthelmintic Quassinoids Ailanthone and Bruceine a Induce Infertility in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans by an Apoptosis-like Mechanism Induced in Gonadal and Spermathecal Tissues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237354. [PMID: 34885936 PMCID: PMC8659173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of the search for new anthelmintic natural products, the study at hand investigated the nematicidal effects of the two naturally occurring quassinoids ailanthone and bruceine A against the reproductive system of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to pinpoint their anthelmintic mode of action by the application of various microscopic techniques. Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) and the epifluorescence microscopy experiments used in the presented study indicated the genotoxic effects of the tested quassinoids (c ailanthone = 50 µM, c bruceine A = 100 µM) against the nuclei of the investigated gonadal and spermathecal tissues, leaving other morphological key features such as enterocytes or body wall muscle cells unimpaired. In order to gain nanoscopic insight into the morphology of the gonads as well as the considerably smaller spermathecae of C. elegans, an innovative protocol of polyethylene glycol embedding, ultra-sectioning, acridine orange staining, tissue identification by epifluorescence, and subsequent AFM-based ultrastructural data acquisition was applied. This sequence allowed the facile and fast assessment of the impact of quassinoid treatment not only on the gonadal but also on the considerably smaller spermathecal tissues of C. elegans. These first-time ultrastructural investigations on C. elegans gonads and spermathecae by AFM led to the identification of specific quassinoid-induced alterations to the nuclei of the reproductive tissues (e.g., highly condensed chromatin, impaired nuclear membrane morphology, as well as altered nucleolus morphology), altogether implying an apoptosis-like effect of ailanthone and bruceine A on the reproductive tissues of C. elegans.
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Insights into the Bioactivities and Chemical Analysis of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many species of the so-called exotic plants coexist with native species in a balanced way, but others thrive very quickly and escape human control, becoming harmful—these are called invasive alien species. In addition to overcoming geographic barriers, these species can defeat biotic and abiotic barriers, maintaining stable populations. Ailanthus altissima is no exception; it is disseminated worldwide and is considered high risk due to its easy propagation and resistance to external environmental factors. Currently, it has no particular use other than ornamental, even though it is used to treat epilepsy, diarrhea, asthma, ophthalmic diseases, and seborrhoea in Chinese medicine. Considering its rich composition in alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, and flavonoids, doubtlessly, its use in medicine or other fields can be maximised. This review will focus on the knowledge of the chemical composition and the discovery of the biological properties of A. altissima to understand this plant better and maximise its possible use for purposes such as medicine, pharmacy, or the food industry. Methods for the extraction and detection to know the chemical composition will also be discussed in detail.
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Wang CM, Li HF, Wang XK, Li WG, Su Q, Xiao X, Hao TF, Chen W, Zhang YW, Zhang HY, Wu W, Hu ZR, Zhao GY, Huo MY, He YL, Zhang CH. Ailanthus Altissima-derived Ailanthone enhances Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inducing the Repression of Base Excision Repair by Downregulating p23 Expression. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2811-2825. [PMID: 34345209 PMCID: PMC8326126 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of GC, but currently available chemotherapeutic drugs are not ideal. The application of medicinal plants is an important direction for new drug discovery. Through drug screening of GC organoids, we determined that ailanthone has an anticancer effect on GC cells in vitro and in vivo. We also found that AIL can induce DNA damage and apoptosis in GC cells. Further transcriptome sequencing of PDX tissue indicated that AIL inhibited the expression of XRCC1, which plays an important role in DNA damage repair, and the results were also confirmed by western blotting. In addition, we found that AIL inhibited the expression of P23 and that inhibition of P23 decreased the expression of XRCC1, indicating that AIL can regulate XRCC1 via P23. The results of coimmunoprecipitation showed that AIL can inhibit the binding of P23 and XRCC1 to HSP90. These findings indicate that AIL can induce DNA damage and apoptosis in GC cells. Meanwhile, AIL can decrease XRCC1 activity by downregulating P23 expression to inhibit DNA damage repair. The present study sheds light on the potential application of new drugs isolated from natural medicinal plants for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Wang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.,Department of Intervention, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning Guangxi 530021,P.R. China
| | - Hua-Fu Li
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Xiao-Kun Wang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Guo Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Scientific research center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R.China
| | - Teng-Fei Hao
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Scientific research center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R.China
| | - Ya-Wei Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yong Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wang Wu
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ran Hu
- Scientific research center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R.China
| | - Guang-Yin Zhao
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Huo
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long He
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
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Yang K, Wen J. Developing traps for the overwintering tree-of-heaven weevils Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2766-2772. [PMID: 33527652 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tree-of-heaven root and trunk weevils, Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (TRW) and E. brandti (TTW) are important boring pests of Ailanthus altissima in China. Overwintering TRW and TTW adults can continue to damage A. altissima trees and reproduce after they emerge from the soil each year. There is a lack of studies regarding the development of control measures during the overwintering period. A polyethylene terephthalate bottle trap (PETBT) and corrugated paper box trap (CPBT) were evaluated for their ability to trap TRW and TTW adults descending from trees to overwinter in the soil in Wutongshu and Shabatou locations in Ningxia, China. RESULTS Significantly more overwintering TRW adults were caught by the PETBT than the CPBT. There were no significant differences in the TTW captures in PETBT when compared to the CPBT. Both PETBT and CPBT have little effect on trapping overwintering TTW adults. Further trapping studies showed that PETBT treatments significantly reduced overwintering TRW numbers caught in population monitoring trap nets placed on the A. altissima tree trunks (an average annual reduction of 42% than the untreated trees). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PETBT is effective for trapping overwintering TRW adults. PETBT could be recommended as an alternative for managing TRW in the framework of integrated pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Selective enrichment of ailanthone from leaves of ailanthus altissima by tandem reverse phase/molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ding H, Yu X, Hang C, Gao K, Lao X, Jia Y, Yan Z. Ailanthone: A novel potential drug for treating human cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1489-1503. [PMID: 32724391 PMCID: PMC7377054 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. In 2015, >8.7 million people died worldwide due to cancer, and by 2030 this figure is expected to increase to ~13.1 million. Tumor chemotherapy drugs have specific toxicity and side effects, and patients can also develop secondary drug resistance. To prevent and treat cancer, scientists have developed novel drugs with improved antitumor effects and decreased toxicity. Ailanthone (AIL) is a quassinoid extract from the traditional Chinese medicine plant Ailanthus altissima, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and antimalarial effects. An increasing number of studies have focused on AIL due to its antitumor activity. AIL can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by up- or downregulating cancer-associated molecules, which ultimately leads to cancer cell death. Antitumor effects of AIL have been observed in melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, bladder, lung, breast, gastric and prostate cancer and vestibular neurilemmoma. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first review to describe the antitumor mechanisms of AIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Ding
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiuchong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of The Medical School of Ningbo University and Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Gao
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xifeng Lao
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yangtao Jia
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of The Medical School of Ningbo University and Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Bailly C. Anticancer properties and mechanism of action of the quassinoid ailanthone. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2203-2213. [PMID: 32239572 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ailanthone (AIT) is a quassinoid natural product isolated from the worldwide-distributed plant Ailanthus altissima. The drug displays multiple pharmacological properties, in particular significant antitumor effects against a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro. Potent in vivo activities have been evidenced in mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review focusses on the mechanism of action of AIT, notably to highlight the capacity of the drug to activate DNA damage responses, to inhibit the Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 and to modulate the expression of several microRNA. The interconnexion between these effects is discussed. The unique capacity of AIT to downregulate oncogenic miR-21 and to upregulate the tumor suppressor miRNAs miR-126, miR-148a, miR-195, and miR-449a is presented. AIT exploits several microRNAs to exert its anticancer effects in distinct tumor types. AIT is one of the rare antitumor natural products that binds to and strongly inhibits cochaperone p23, opening interesting perspectives to treat cancers. However, the toxicity profile of the molecule may limit its development as an anticancer drug, unless it can be properly formulated to prevent AIT-induced gastro-intestinal damages in particular. The antitumor properties of AIT and analogs are underlined, with the aim to encourage further pharmacological studies with this underexplored natural product and related quassinoids. HIGHLIGHTS: Ailanthone (AIT) is an anticancer quassinoid isolated from Ailanthus altissima It inhibits proliferation and induces cell death of many cancer cell types The drug activates DNA damage response and targets p23 cochaperone Up or downregulation of several microRNA by AIT contributes to the anticancer activity Analogs or specific formulations must be developed to prevent the toxicity of AIT.
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Yang K, Wen X, Guo W, Wen J. A novel adhesive trunk trap net for trapping Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3218-3225. [PMID: 30972902 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) is a destructive wood-boring pest of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, in China. At present, the management of E. brandti relies exclusively on frequent applications of synthetic insecticides. Environmentally friendly alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides would be beneficial. A trunk trap net (TTN), an adhesive trap (AT), and an adhesive trunk trap net (ATTN) were evaluated in their ability to capture E. brandti. RESULTS Significantly greater laboratory weevil recapture rates were found using the ATTN (78%) than using the TTN (8%) and AT (0%). In total, 45% of marked weevils were captured by the ATTN, an eight-fold increase in catch rates using the TTN in mark-release-recapture field trials in 2017. No marked weevils were captured by the AT. Field trials in 2017 and 2018 showed that the ATTN captured six to seven times more wild weevils than using the TTN. CONCLUSION Adhesive Trunk Trap nets (ATTNs) were more effective in capturing E. brandti adults than Trunk Trap nets (TTNs). These results support the use of the ATTN as an eco-friendly tool for the integrated management of E. brandti. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Yang
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Wen
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Li B, Zhang X. Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SBD) protects oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injuries of PC12 cells by up-regulating Nrf2. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1797-1807. [PMID: 31062620 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1610413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SBD) on oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-injured PC12 cells. PC12 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of 0.1-0.8 mg/ml SBD for indicated times (12-48 h) and then subjected to OGD/R injury. Cell viability, apoptosis and proliferation were detected using MTT assay, flow cytometry, Ki67 staining and western blot. Oxidative damage was assessed by detecting MDA content, SOD activity and GSH levels. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was measured by Rh123 staining. Western blot was performed to assess the expression levels of Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. We found that SBD pretreatment promoted cell viability and proliferation but inhibited apoptosis of OGD/R-injured PC12 cells in dosage- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, SBD attenuated oxidative damage and restored mitochondria dysfunction, as evidenced by the reduced MDA content, the increased SOD and GSH levels, and the increased Δψm. Furthermore, SBD induced the expression of Nrf2 in a PI3K/AKT-dependent signalling. Knockdown of Nrf2 blocked the protective effects of SBD on PC12 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SBD pretreatment protects PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced injury. The potential mechanism may be through up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 in a PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China.,b Affiliated Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University , Jining , China
| | - Bo Li
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
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Ailanthone Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Melanoma B16 and A375 Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070275. [PMID: 31336757 PMCID: PMC6681521 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Previous studies have shown that ailanthone has potent antitumor activity in a variety of cell lines. However, the anti-tumor effect of ailanthone on malignant melanoma remains unclear. To investigate the anti-tumor mechanisms of ailanthone in human melanoma B16 and mouse melanoma A375 cells, the cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, DNA content analysis, Hoechst 33258, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to assess cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins and regulatory molecules. The results showed that ailanthone significantly inhibited melanoma B16 and A375 cell proliferation as well as remarkably induced cell cycle arrest at the G0–G1 phase in B16 cells and the G2–M phase in A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that ailanthone promoted the expression of p21 and suppressed the expression of cyclin E in B16 cells or cyclin B in A375 cells through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In addition, ailanthone induced B16 and A375 cell apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mechanism. Further studies showed that ailanthone remarkably downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Apaf-1 and Bax, and subsequently increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria in B16 cells and A375 cells. Taken together, ailanthone induces cell cycle arrest via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as well as cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. Ailanthone may be potentially utilized as an anti-tumor agent in the management of malignant melanoma.
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Tang S, Ma X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang X. Preclinical toxicology and toxicokinetic evaluation of ailanthone, a natural product against castration-resistant prostate cancer, in mice. Fitoterapia 2019; 136:104161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Min D. Ailanthone up-regulates miR-449a to restrain acute myeloid leukemia cells growth, migration and invasion. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:114-120. [PMID: 31002772 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ailanthone (AIL) is a quassinoid isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Ailanthus altissima. The anti-tumor activities of AIL have been reported in various solid tumors. This study aimed to reveal the in vitro effect of AIL on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. METHODS The effects of AIL on five AML cell lines (KG1, HL60, U-937, THP-1 and OCI-AML2) as well as myeloid progenitor cells were evaluated by performing CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and Western blotting. KG1 and HL60 cells were transfected with miR-449a inhibitor or its negative control, and then were treated by AIL. The above mentioned assays were performed again to study the involvement of miR-449a in AIL's function. RESULTS AIL dose-dependently inhibited the viability of AML cells and myeloid progenitor cells. The IC50 value of AIL towards KG1 and HL60 cells was 0.58 and 0.57 μM, respectively. AIL with concentration of 0.5 μM significantly induced the apoptosis of AML cells rather than myeloid progenitor cells. Meanwhile, 0.5 μM AIL significantly reduced migration and invasion of AML cells. miR-449a was highly expressed in response to the treatment of 0.5 μM AIL. Besides this, the anti-tumor activities of AIL in AML cells were attenuated by miR-449a silence. Further, the blockage of Notch and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways induced by AIL was reversed by miR-449a silence. CONCLUSION AIL restrained AML cells growth, migration and invasion through up-regulation of miR-449a, and deactivation of Notch and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Growth Processes/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Quassins/pharmacology
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272000, Shandong, China.; Affiliated Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Dejin Min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272000, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
The paper is a compilation of the studies reported in the literature concerning non-nitrogenous natural constituents that have shown antiplasmodial activity and aims to provide a basis for further in vivo studies as well as for clinical trials to develop new antimalarial agents. Due to the increasingly unsatisfactory outcomes for N-heterocyclic drugs, coupled with the rising incidence of the deadly falciparum malaria, the advent of non-nitrogenous lead compounds is timely, signaling a new era of antimalarial chemotherapy. Currently a few non-nitrogenous molecules are used in therapy, but many promising molecules of plant origin are under study, such as peroxide sesquiterpenes, quinoid triterpenes, quassinoids, gallic acid derivatives, lignans, flavonoids and biflavonoids, xanthones, naphthoquinones and phenylanthraquinones. Many of these constituents are isolated from plants used traditionally to treat malaria and fever. Ethnopharmacology can still be considered as a rich source of lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff, 6, Sesto Fiorentino-50019-Florence, Italy
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Bai W, Yang HY, Jiao XZ, Feng KN, Chen JJ, Gao K. Structurally Diverse Highly Oxygenated Triterpenoids from the Roots of Ailanthus altissima and Their Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1777-1785. [PMID: 30106297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ten new triterpenoids, ailanaltiolides A-J (1-10), and three known analogues (11-13) were isolated from the roots of Ailanthus altissima. Compounds 1-7 are apotirucallane-type, compounds 8 and 9 are tirucallane-type, and compound 10 is a trinordammarane-type triterpenoid. This is the first study indicating the genus Ailanthus as a potential source for apotirucallane derivatives, which contain an α,β-unsaturated-ε-lactone A-ring and diversely modified C-17 side chains. Spectroscopic data interpretation, electronic circular dichroism analysis, and X-ray crystallographic data defined the structures and absolute configurations of these triterpenoids. Compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed cytotoxicity against four tumor cell lines (HeLa, 786-O, HepG2, and A549). In particular, compound 2 exhibited the highest activity against 786-O cells with an IC50 value of 8.2 μM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Na Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
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Wei C, Chen C, Cheng Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Luo C, He Y, Yang Z, Ji Z. Ailanthone induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3569-3576. [PMID: 30127963 PMCID: PMC6096173 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ailanthone, which is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Ailanthus altissima, has been thoroughly demonstrated to have anti-tumor, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-allergic and anti-microbial activities. However, the anti-proliferative effects of ailanthone on HL-60 cells and potential mechanisms underlying those effects have not been reported. In the present study, we demonstrated the potent cytotoxicity of ailanthone against HL-60 cells. Annexin V-APC/7-ADD staining assay indicated that ailanthone increased the number of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. PI staining showed that ailanthone increased the percentage of G0/G1-phase cells in a dose-dependent manner. Acridine orange staining suggested that ailanthone induced the formation of acidic vesicular organelles in HL-60 cells and pretreatment with BaF-A1 could attenuate this process. Western blotting showed that ailanthone up-regulated the protein expression levels of beclin-1 and LC3-II and down-regulated those of LC3-I and p62 in a dose-dependent manner. Use of BaF-A1 showed that the anti-proliferative effects of ailanthone on HL-60 cells may be partly attributable to the induction of autophagy-mediated apoptosis by MTT assay and annexin V-APC/7-ADD staining assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wei
- The Cancer Center, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanrong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P.R. China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241003, P.R. China
| | - Yang He
- The Cancer Center, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- The Cancer Center, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoning Ji
- The Cancer Center, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Berthi W, González A, Rios A, Blair S, Cogollo Á, Pabón A. Anti-plasmodial effect of plant extracts from Picrolemma huberi and Picramnia latifolia. Malar J 2018; 17:151. [PMID: 29615054 PMCID: PMC5883577 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, of which Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the major species that cause the disease in humans. As there are relatively few alternatives for malaria treatment, it is necessary to search for new chemotherapeutic options. Colombia possesses a great diversity of plants, which are potential sources of new compounds of medical interest. Thus, in this study the antiplasmodial effect of extracts from two species of plants from the families Simaroubaceae and Picramniaceae (Picramnia latifolia and Picrolemma huberi) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. These plants were chosen because they contain secondary metabolites with interesting medicinal effects. RESULTS The ethanolic extracts of both species were highly active with IC50: 1.2 ± 0.19 µg/mL for P. latifolia and IC50: 0.05 ± 0.005 µg/mL for P. huberi. The P. latifolia extract had a stage specific effect on trophozoites and inhibited parasite growth in vivo by 52.1 ± 3.4%, evaluated at 1000 mg/kg in Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. On the other hand, evaluated at 150 mg/kg body weight in the same murine model, the ethanolic extract from P. huberi had an antiplasmodial effect in all the asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum FCR3 and inhibited the parasitic growth in 93 ± 32.9%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of anti-malarial activity for these two species of plants. Thus, P. latifolia and P. huberi are potential candidates for the development of new drugs for treating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Berthi
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexa González
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Rios
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Silvia Blair
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Adriana Pabón
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia.
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He Q, Xiao H, Li J, Liu Y, Jia M, Wang F, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wang S. Fingerprint analysis and pharmacological evaluation of Ailanthus altissima. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3024-3032. [PMID: 29484427 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima (AA) has been used in various anticancer prescriptions and showed excellent therapeutic effect. However, there is no report on the method of quality control and the anti-glioblastoma activity. In this study, we used a combinative method approach consisting of chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative methods to analyze quality of different samples. The anti-glioblastoma activity and the possible mechanisms were studied by pharmacological methods. The samples were separated on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 column and the flow rate was 0.8 ml/min at 25˚C. The mobile phase was composed of 1% formic acid and 1% methanol-water at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of different samples. Ten batches of AA from different provinces in China were detected, and we found that the contents of Ailanthone (AT) ranged from 0.21-1.78 mg/g and the relative retention times were similar in different origins. Ten batches of AA were analyzed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting method and 19 common peaks were detected. The similarity of 10 batches is <1.5%. The peak areas in different samples were significantly different (0.682-0.954). We also found that AA induced oxidative stress first in U87 cells, then induced ER stress, finally activated the caspases which caused cell apoptosis. In conclusion, a method combining chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis can be used to control the quality of AA. AA could be used as a medicine or a constituent part of herb prescription to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan He
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Wang R, Lu Y, Li H, Sun L, Yang N, Zhao M, Zhang M, Shi Q. Antitumor activity of the Ailanthus altissima bark phytochemical ailanthone against breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6022-6028. [PMID: 29552229 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ailanthone is isolated from the bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae). The mechanism that underlies the activity of ailanthone on MCF-7 cells was investigated by MTT assay. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 µg/ml ailanthone for 24, 48 and 72 h. The inhibition of proliferation induced by treatment with ailanthone was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in MCF-7 cells with the same doses of ailanthone for 48 h were determined by flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-associated genes and proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The results revealed that ailanthone inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that ailanthone induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells. Western blotting and RT-PCR assays demonstrated that upregulation of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and Bcl-associated X, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma-2 in MCF-7 cells may be associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the antitumor activity of ailanthone from A. altissima on MCF-7 cells and to attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The present study revealed the presence of ailanthone-mediated antitumor effects, indicating that ailanthone may be a novel phytomedicine with potential use in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxing Wang
- Department of Medicinal Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhen Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Shi
- Department of Medicinal Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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Jeong M, Kim HM, Ahn JH, Lee KT, Jang DS, Choi JH. 9-Hydroxycanthin-6-one isolated from stem bark of Ailanthus altissima induces ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits the activation of tumor-associated macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 280:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chen Y, Zhu L, Yang X, Wei C, Chen C, He Y, Ji Z. Ailanthone induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of SGC‑7901 human gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6821-6827. [PMID: 28901518 PMCID: PMC5865840 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ailanthone is a major quassinoid extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Ailanthus altissima, which has been reported to exert antiproliferative effects on various cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of ailanthone on SGC-7901 cells, and to analyze its underlying molecular mechanisms. Following treatment with ailanthone, Cell Counting kit-8 was used to detect the cytotoxic effects of ailanthone on SGC-7901 cells in vitro. The typical apoptotic morphology of SGC-7901 cells was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) respectively, in SGC-7901 cells. The results of the present study indicated that ailanthone inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro, and also demonstrated that ailanthone induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that ailanthone downregulated the expression levels of Bcl-2, whereas the expression levels of Bax were upregulated at the protein and mRNA levels. In conclusion, ailanthone may inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via altering the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanrong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Centre, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoning Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Centre, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Ailanthone targets p23 to overcome MDV3100 resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13122. [PMID: 27959342 PMCID: PMC5159881 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonist MDV3100 is the first therapeutic approach in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but tumours frequently become drug resistant via multiple mechanisms including AR amplification and mutation. Here we identify the small molecule Ailanthone (AIL) as a potent inhibitor of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs). AIL binds to the co-chaperone protein p23 and prevents AR's interaction with HSP90, thus resulting in the disruption of the AR-chaperone complex followed by ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of AR as well as other p23 clients including AKT and Cdk4, and downregulates AR and its target genes in PCa cell lines and orthotopic animal tumours. In addition, AIL blocks tumour growth and metastasis of CRPC. Finally, AIL possesses favourable drug-like properties such as good bioavailability, high solubility, lack of CYP inhibition and low hepatotoxicity. In general, AIL is a potential candidate for the treatment of CRPC. Prostate cancers often become castration resistant due to alternative expression of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants. Here, the authors screened a library of natural compounds and identified Ailanthone as a potent inhibitor of AR through its binding to the co-chaperone protein p23 that, by preventing AR interaction with HSP90, results in ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of the receptor.
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Zhuo Z, Hu J, Yang X, Chen M, Lei X, Deng L, Yao N, Peng Q, Chen Z, Ye W, Zhang D. Ailanthone Inhibits Huh7 Cancer Cell Growth via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16185. [PMID: 26525771 PMCID: PMC4630794 DOI: 10.1038/srep16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While searching for natural anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) components in Ailanthus altissima, we discovered that ailanthone had potent antineoplastic activity against HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of ailanthone on HCC have not been examined. In this study, the antitumor activity and the underlying mechanisms of ailanthone were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that ailanthone induced G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest, as indicated by decreased expression of cyclins and CDKs and increased expression of p21 and p27. Our results demonstrated that ailanthone triggered DNA damage characterized by activation of the ATM/ATR pathway. Moreover, ailanthone-induced cell death was associated with apoptosis, as evidenced by an increased ratio of cells in the subG1 phase and by PARP cleavage and caspase activation. Ailanthone-induced apoptosis was mitochondrion-mediated and involved the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Huh7 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that ailanthone inhibited the growth and angiogenesis of tumor xenografts without significant secondary adverse effects, indicating its safety for treating HCC. In conclusion, our study is the first to report the efficacy of ailanthone against Huh7 cells and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. These findings suggest that ailanthone is a potential agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Zhuo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minfen Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xueping Lei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qunlong Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, United States
| | - Wencai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sladonja B, Sušek M, Guillermic J. Review on Invasive Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) Conflicting Values: Assessment of Its Ecosystem Services and Potential Biological Threat. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 56:1009-34. [PMID: 26071766 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, invasions by alien plants are rapidly increasing in extent and severity, leading to large-scale ecosystem degradation. One of the most widespread invasive alien plant species in Europe and North America, Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) was introduced intentionally for use as an ornamental plant in the 18th century. Since then, it has spread and is now frequently found in a number of countries. Today, Tree of Heaven is considered one of the worst invasive plant species in Europe and is also listed as invasive in North America and many other countries. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is one of many systems trying to list and categorize biological services to humans and to provide a tool for identifying services delivered by natural ecosystems. Invasive species have generally caused degradation of the services, have a major impact on the environment, and are threatening biodiversity and reducing overall species abundance and diversity. On the other hand, some invasive species can provide services useful to human well-being. In the present review A. altissima impacts on ecosystems are identified and positive influences on some ecosystem services are weighed against the negative effects on the environment and human health. The aim of the present review is to resume the general knowledge of A. altissima, group available references on distribution and ecology according to countries, compare ecosystem services provided or enhanced by A. altissima presence and the negative effects it causes, identify gaps in current knowledge, and give recommendations for future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sladonja
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52 440, Poreč, Croatia,
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Chen A, Qin X, Lu J, Yi Z, Liu M, Wang X. Development of a validated LC–MS/MS method for the determination of ailanthone in rat plasma with application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:514-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alves IA, Miranda HM, Soares LA, Randau KP. Simaroubaceae family: botany, chemical composition and biological activities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang XL, Yuan YL, Zhang DM, Li F, Ye WC. Shinjulactone O, a new quassinoid from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1432-7. [PMID: 24967875 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.909418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new quassinoid, shinjulactone O (1), and seven known quassinoids, were isolated from the 50% ethanol extract of the root bark of Ailanthus altissima. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated on the tumour cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2 and A549 cells, as well as the normal HUVEC line in vitro. Compounds 1-8 exhibited different levels of inhibitory activity against tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Yang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
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Wang Y, Wang WJ, Su C, Zhang DM, Xu LP, He RR, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhang XQ, Ye WC. Cytotoxic quassinoids from Ailanthus altissima. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:654-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kantamreddi VSS, Parida S, Kommula SM, Wright CW. Phytotherapy used in orissa state, india for treating malaria. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1638-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kaur K, Jain M, Kaur T, Jain R. Antimalarials from nature. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3229-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jin MI, Bae KH, Chang HW, Son JK. Anti-inflammatory Compounds from the Leaves of Ailanthus altissima Meihua JIN. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Dell'Agli M, Galli GV, Parapini S, Basilico N, Taramelli D, Said A, Rashed K, Bosisio E. Anti-plasmodial activity of Ailanthus excelsa. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Muhammad I, Samoylenko V. Antimalarial quassinoids: past, present and future. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:1065-84. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.8.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Muhammad
- The University of Mississippi, NCNPR, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Volodymyr Samoylenko
- The University of Mississippi, NCNPR, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677, USA
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Sterones and indole alkaloid from Ailanthus altissima callus cultures. Chem Nat Compd 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-007-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A. Ali S, . MAH. Effect of Ailanthus altissima and Zizyphus spina-christi on Bilharzial Infestation in Mice: Histological and Histopathological Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2006.1437.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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. NSER, . S, . MR, . AS. Use of Ailanthus altissima and Ziziphus spina christi Extracts As Folk Medicine for Treatment of Some Hepatic Disorders In Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2006.100.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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