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Cheng KC, Chan HH, Chiou WF, Wu CH, Li YC, Li HZ, Kuo PC, Wu TS. Aphrodisiac Principles and other Constituents from the Roots of Panax quinguefolium and Panax ginseng. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33239-33250. [PMID: 39100329 PMCID: PMC11292828 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng root extracts afforded six compounds. Among these, two bioactive compounds ginsenoside Re (1) and (20S)-ginsenoside Rg2 (5) exhibiting significant relaxation in rabbit corpus cavernosum with EC50 values of 95.1 and 114.7 μM, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical composition of the water extract of the roots of P. quinquefolium was investigated, and thirty-one compounds were characterized, including four undescribed compounds panajaponol B (18) and panaxjapynes D-F (21-23). Moreover, the spectral characteristics and biosynthetic pathway of Panax triterpene saponins were discussed according to our results and some previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsiu-Hui Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fei Chiou
- National
Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- School
of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Chiun Li
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ze Li
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Bocharova OA, Karpova RV, Bocharov EV, Vershinskaya AA, Baryshnikova MA, Kazeev IV, Kucheryanu VG, Kiselevskiy MV. PHYTOADAPTOGENS IN THE TUMOURS BIOTHERAPY AND GERIATRICS (PART 1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.17650/1726-9784-2019-19-2-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The review reflects the history of phytoadaptogens studies (ginseng, eleutherococcus, etc.), which are considered to be geroprotectors by Eastern medicine for centures. They have a complex of protective effects on the body, as well as increasing its antitumor resistance. The first part of the review describes the antistress, immuno- and hormone-modulating, cognitive and neuroprotective properties of adapto gens. Together with the synchronizing effects on biorthms adaptogens are essential for preventive oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Bocharova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - R. V. Karpova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Bocharov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Vershinskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Baryshnikova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I. V. Kazeev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | | | - M. V. Kiselevskiy
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6310967. [PMID: 28408939 PMCID: PMC5376944 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6310967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most of the African traditional medicines (ATM) are formulated as energy tonics to boost and maintain immune defences. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immune effects of a traditional energy tonic using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), THP-1 monocytes, and bacteria infected rats. When tested in mitogen and peptidoglycan stimulated PBMCs, this energy tonic showed minimal cytotoxicity, while in acute toxicity studies in rats it did not exhibit any significant toxicity at doses up to 2000 mg/mL/kg. The energy tonic doses between 100 and 10 μg/mL were shown to stimulate secretion of cytokines and increase sIL-2R levels in PHA-treated PBMCs. Similar doses in PG-S. aureus-stimulated PBMCs significantly (p < 0.05) increased IL-1α, IL-2, and GM-CSF while causing a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in sIL-2R levels. NF-κβ transcriptional activity was increased in LPS stimulated THP-1 cells. In Sprague Dawley rats pretreated with the energy tonic and then infected with S. aureus, there were insignificant increases in cytokines and sIL-2R when compared to bacteria infected only and 5% Enrofloxacin treated rats. Posttreatment with energy tonic doses after infection with S. aureus did not enhance inflammatory cytokines significantly but changed the immune response profile and decreased corticosterone levels. This ATM showed promising immunomodulatory effects on isolated immune cells and modulated the immune response of rat models infected with S. aureus.
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Huang WC, Huang CC, Chuang HL, Chiu CC, Chen WC, Hsu MC. Cornu cervi pantotrichum supplementation improves physiological adaptions during intensive endurance training. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:674-682. [PMID: 28163267 PMCID: PMC5383196 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornu cervi pantotrichum (CCP), used in traditional Chinese medicine, is a well-known yang-invigorating agent with multifunctional
bioactivities. We previously showed, through an acute exercise challenge, that short-term CCP supplementation improved physical activities and
fatigue-associated biochemical indices. Questions about the long-term effects of CCP treatment on exercise performance and physical fatigue, as well as safety,
with intensive exercise training need further research. ICR-strain mice were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) sedentary control and vehicle treatment
(SC); (2) exercise training with vehicle treatment (ET); and (3) ET with CCP treatment at 4,108 mg/kg/day (ET+CCP). We assessed the physical performance, body
compositions, and serum levels of lactate, ammonia, glucose and creatine kinase (CK) after an acute exercise challenge. The ET and ET+CCP groups had
significantly increased grip strength and endurance swimming time, and decreased serum lactate and ammonia levels after the acute exercise challenge than the SC
group. Moreover, serum ammonia and CK levels in the ET+CCP group were significantly decreased when compared to that of the ET only group. In regard to the body
composition, the ET+CCP group inhibits the decrease in fat tissue, and related biochemical changes induced by the high intensity endurance training CCP
supplementation combined with high-intensity endurance exercise could significantly improve the physiological adaptions related to fatigue or energy consumption
and maintain the fat composition when compared to treatment with training only. Therefore, CCP may potentially improve the physiological adaptions in intensive
exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
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Ngcobo M, Gqaleni N. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a South African commercial traditional immune booster in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:300. [PMID: 27550057 PMCID: PMC4994178 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the burden of HIV and AIDS still very high, South Africa has seen an increase in commercial traditional medicines claiming to have immune-enhancing effects. Because of lack of regulation of the traditional medicine sector, these products have proliferated. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of uMakhonya®, a commercial traditional immune booster, using various models of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Immunosuppressed, mitogen-, and peptidoglycan (PG)-stimulated PBMCs were treated with various doses of uMakhonya® and incubated for 24 h. The treated and control samples were analyzed for cytotoxicity, secretion of 12 different inflammatory cytokines, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, and nitric oxide (NO) secretion. RESULTS In cytotoxicity assays, uMakhonya® induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in all three models, with IC50 values of 512.08, 500, and 487.91 μg/mL for immunosuppressed, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-, and PG from Staphylococcus. aureus (PG-S. aureus)-stimulated PBMCs, respectively. UMakhonya® at 100 and 10 μg/mL induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in cyclosporine-, immunosuppressed, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs. In the same samples, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in sIL-2R concentration, which correlated with an increase in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In PBMCs stimulated with PG-S. aureus, uMakhonya® at doses of 100 and 10 μg/mL significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β and TNF-α. PG-S. aureus-stimulated PBMCs also showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in sIL-2R concentration when compared to control samples. UMakhonya® insignificantly (p > 0.05) decreased NO levels in PBMCs after PG-S. aureus stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that uMakhonya® can induce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the initial stimuli applied to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlungisi Ngcobo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- Department of Public Management and Economics, Faculty of Management Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Li WG, Wang HQ. ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF DIANTHUS SUPERBUSN L. AGAINST HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:48-53. [PMID: 28487893 PMCID: PMC5416644 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis is a viral infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Limitations of drug used in the management of it opens the interest related to alternative medicine. The given study deals with the antiviral activity of Dianthus superbusn L. (DSL) against HBV in vitro & in vivo. Material and Methods: In vitro study liver cell line HepG2.2.15 was used by transinfected it with HBV. Cytotoxicity stduy was performed by using different concentrations of DSL such as 50, 100, 200, 500 & 1000 μg/ml. Anti HBV activity of DSL was estimated by assesing the concentration of HBsAg and HbeAg in cell culture medium by using ELISA. Whereas in vivo study was performed on ducklings and antiviral activity of DSL (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) was confirmed by estimating the serum concentration of HBV DNA and histopathology study of hepatocytes in HBV infected ducklings. Result: Result of the study suggested that >500 μg/ml concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of DSL was found tobe cytotoxic. It was also observed that DSL significantly (p<0.05) reduces the concentration of antigenes in cell culture media as per the concentration and days of treatment dependent. Moreover in vivo study confirms the anti viral activity of DSL (200 & 400 mg/kg) as it significantly (p<0.05) decreases the serum concenetration of HBV DNA in HBV infected dukling compared to control group. Histopathology study was also reveals the hepatprotective effect of DSL in HBV infected ducklings. Conclusion: The given study concludes the antiviral activity DSL against HBV by in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhumadian Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan,463000, China
| | - He-Qun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhumadian Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan,463000, China
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Pheophorbide a-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Triggers HLA Class I-Restricted Antigen Presentation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2011; 3:114-22. [PMID: 20360936 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been reported in several photosensitizers. Pheophorbide a (Pa), a chlorophyll derivative, shows antitumor effects on a number of human cancers in a PDT approach (Pa-PDT); however, the potential effect of Pa-PDT on the anticancer immunity has never been studied. In the present work, the underlying action mechanism of Pa-PDT was systemically investigated with a human hepatoma cell line HepG2. We found that Pa-PDT significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration/endoplasmic reticulum of 0.35 microM at 24 hours by the induction of apoptosis, as shown by externalization of phosphatidylserine, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and activation of the caspases cascade in the treated cells. Interestingly, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, a 57-kDa disulfide-isomerase-like ER resident protein (ERp57) that belongs to the HLA class I-restricted antigen-processing machinery was found to be mediated during the Pa-PDT treatment. This activation of antigen presentation was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunostaining. Furthermore, a cross-presentation of antigen with HLA class I proteins and 70-kDa heat shock protein was found in Pa-PDT-treated cells, as shown by the confocal microscopic observation and immunoprecipitation assay. Nevertheless, the immunogenicity of HepG2 cells was increased by Pa-PDT treatment that triggered phagocytic capture by human macrophages. Our findings provide the first evidence that Pa-PDT can trigger both apoptosis and cancer immunity in the tumor host.
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Chan HH, Hwang TL, Sun HD, Reddy MVB, Li DT, Qian K, Bastow KF, Lee KH, Wu TS. Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:796-802. [PMID: 21417387 PMCID: PMC3092375 DOI: 10.1021/np100851s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new saponins, panajaponol (1) and pseudoginsenoside RT1 butyl ester (2), together with 35 known compounds (3-37), were isolated from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Furthermore, a LC-MS/MS method was developed for confirming 2, 3, and 8 as natural compounds containing a butyl ester group. This method should be useful for distinguishing between minor natural and artifactual compounds in Panax species. Moreover, compounds 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 15 exhibited strong inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB), with IC(50) values ranging from 0.78 to 43.6 μM. In addition, 1 showed greater than 2- to 3-fold selective cytotoxic activity against KB and DU145 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tian-Shung Wu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +886-6-2757575 ext. 65333; Fax: +886-6-2740552.
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Leung TF, Wong KY, Wong CK, Fung KP, Lam CWK, Fok TF, Leung PC, Hon KLE. In vitro and clinical immunomodulatory effects of a novel Pentaherbs concoction for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:1216-23. [PMID: 18341655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our group recently reported a randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a twice-daily concoction of five herbal ingredients (Pentaherbs formulation, PHF) in treating children with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunomodulatory effects that may be induced by PHF treatment. METHODS We investigated the effects of PHF on cytotoxicity and proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)- and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from buffy coat of blood donors. PHF-induced immunomodulation for five inflammatory mediators in cultured PBMC was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of a 3-month, open-label study of PHF on circulating inflammatory mediators in children with AD were also assessed. RESULTS PHF at up to 1 mg mL(-1) dose-dependently suppressed PBMC proliferation. The addition of PHF to cultured PBMC reduced supernatant concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in response to PHA, and BDNF and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) following SEB stimulation. PHF increased epithelial cell-derived neutrophil activating peptide-78 levels in culture supernatants. At the RNA level, PHF suppressed the transcription of BDNF, TARC, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Twenty-eight children with AD were treated with PHF for 3 months, and their mean plasma concentrations of BDNF and TARC decreased significantly from 1798 pg mL(-1) and 824 pg mL(-1) at baseline to 1378 pg mL(-1) and 492 pg mL(-1) (P = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively) upon study completion. CONCLUSIONS PHF possesses in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties that may mediate the clinical efficacy observed in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Chang JM, Huang KL, Yuan TTT, Lai YK, Hung LM. The Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activity of Boehmeria nivea Extract in HBV-viremia SCID Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 7:189-95. [PMID: 18955304 PMCID: PMC2862930 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Boehmeria nivea extract (BNE) is widely used in southern Taiwan as a folk medicine for hepato-protection and hepatitis treatment. In previous studies, we demonstrated that BNE could reduce the supernatant hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in HBV-producing HepG2 2.2.15 cells. In the present study, we established an animal model of HBV viremia and used it to validate the efficacy of BNE in vivo. In this animal model, serum HBV DNA and HBsAg were elevated in accordance with tumor growth. To evaluate the anti-HBV activity of BNE, HBV-viremia mice were built up after one subcutaneous inoculation of HepG2 2.2.15 tumor cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice over 13 days. The levels of serum HBV DNA were elevated around 10(5)-10(6) copies per milliliter. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of BNE were effective at inhibiting the production of HBsAg and HBV DNA, whereas tumor growth was not affected by all test articles. Intraperitoneal administration of BNE appeared to have greater potential to inhibit serum HBV DNA levels compared with oral administration under the same dosage. Notably, reduced natural killer cell activity was also observed after high dosage of BNE administration, and this correlated with reduced serum HBV DNA. In conclusion, BNE exhibited potential anti-HBV activity in an animal model of HBV viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Chang
- Division of Research and Development, Development Center for Biotechnology, Xizhi City, Taipei County, Taiwan 221, Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 and Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan 515, R.O.C
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