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Xiao Y, Duan C, Gong P, Zhao Q, Wang XH, Geng F, Zeng J, Luo T, Xu Y, Zhao J. Kinsenoside from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. suppressed oxidative stress to attenuate aging-related learning and memory impairment via ERK/Nrf2 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117152. [PMID: 37689328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilusroxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (AR), as an exceptionally valuable traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat hepatitis, cancer, diabetes, etc. But, the effects and the primary functioning element of AR on attenuating aging and aging-related learning and memory degradation has not yet been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at exploring the protective property of aqueous extract of AR (AEAR) on alleviation of aging and aging-related learning and memory impairment in vivo, and further investigating the main active ingredient and mechanism of AEAR. MATERIALS AND METHODS D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging mice and HT22 cells exposed with L-Glutamic acid (Glu) were used as in vivo and in vitro model, separately. The effects of AEAR on aging and aging-related learning and memory degradation were explored by using morris water maze test, immunohistochemistry staining, biochemistry assay, etc. The effects and mechanism of AEAR and Kinsenoside (Kin) on antioxidation in vitro were investigated by cell viability assay, biochemistry assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting and molecular docking studies. RESULTS Treatment with AEAR (containing 69.52 ± 0.85% Kin, i.g.) for 63 days, alleviated low growth rate, abnormal brain, liver and thymus index, and decline in learning and memory capability of aging mice. Meanwhile, AEAR inhibited the decreased activities of SOD and GSH-PX, the decline in the ratio of GSH to GSSG, and the increase of MDA in both serum and brain, and also promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation in brain of aging mice induced by D-gal. The effects of AEAR on alleviating abnormal physiological characteristics, attenuating learning and memory impairment, and inhibiting oxidative stress in aging mice was similar to or even better than that of Vc. In HT22 cells exposed with Glu, Kin increased the cell viability, up-regulated the activities of SOD and GSH-PX, enhanced the ratio of GSH to GSSG, and down-regulated MDA, which was superior to AEAR. Kin up-regulated the ratio of p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2, promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation and its downstream target genes, i.e. HO-1, NQO-1, GCLC and GCLM expression at the mRNA and protein levels, which were consistent with AEAR. Further, molecular docking results also confirmed that Kin had strong binding energy with ERK1 and ERK2. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that Kin could alleviate the oxidative stress in aging mice via activating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway, in order to attenuate aging and aging-related learning and memory impairment, as the main active ingredient of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Changsong Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Pushuang Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Xin Hui Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tianfeng Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Yisha Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Junning Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration of China, Beijing, 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Bin YL, Liu SZ, Xie TT, Feng WZ, Li HY, Ye ZJ, Dong ZH, Qiu YK. Three new compounds from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3276-3282. [PMID: 35491685 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three new compounds, roxburic acid A (1) and two flavone glycosides isorhamnetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from an ethanol extract of the fresh Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl., together with 10 known compounds (4-13). The structures of these compounds were comprehensively characterized by HR-ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2 D-NMR. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated, and the results showed that kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→3) -β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and rutin (11) has the potential antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 139 μg/mL and 22.5 μg/mL respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Bin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shun-Zhi Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao-Yang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi-Jia Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Dong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying-Kun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of how the saffron (Crocus sativus) petal and its main constituents interact with the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1879-1909. [PMID: 37067583 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary by-product of saffron (Crocus sativus) processing is saffron petals, which are produced in large quantities but are discarded. The saffron petals contain a variety of substances, including alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, glycosides, kaempferol, and minerals. Pharmacological investigations revealed the antibacterial, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, antitussive, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and renoprotective properties of saffron petals, which are based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway protects against oxidative stress, carcinogenesis, and inflammation. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) is a protein complex involved in approximately all animal cells and participates in different biological procedures such as apoptosis, cell growth, development, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transcription, immune response, and inflammation. The pharmacological properties of saffron and its compounds are discussed in this review, along with their associated modes of action, particularly the Nrf2 and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. Without considering a time constraint, our team conducted this review using search engines or electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Saffron petals and their main constituents may have protective effects in numerous organs such as the brain, colon, heart, joints, liver, lung, and pancreas through several mechanisms, including the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling cascade, which would then result in its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Lu L, Xiong Y, Lin Z, Chu X, Panayi AC, Hu Y, Zhou J, Mi B, Liu G. Advances in the therapeutic application and pharmacological properties of kinsenoside against inflammation and oxidative stress-induced disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009550. [PMID: 36267286 PMCID: PMC9576948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has implicated inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of multiple diseases, such as diabetes, hepatitis, and arthritis. Kinsenoside (KD), a bioactive glycoside component extracted from the medicinal plant Anoectochilus roxburghii, has been shown to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative abilities. In this review, we summarize multiple effects of KD, including hepatoprotection, pro-osteogenesis, anti-hyperglycemia, vascular protection, immune regulation, vision protection, and infection inhibition, which are partly responsible for suppressing inflammation signaling and oxidative stress. The protective action of KD against dysfunctional lipid metabolism is also associated with limiting inflammatory signals, due to the crosstalk between inflammation and lipid metabolism. Ferroptosis, a process involved in both inflammation and oxidative damage, is potentially regulated by KD. In addition, we discuss the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles of KD. Advances in cultivation and artificial synthesis techniques are promising evidence that the shortage in raw materials required for KD production can be overcome. In addition, novel drug delivery systems can improve the in vivo rapid clearance and poor bioavailability of KD. In this integrated review, we aim to offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of KD and lay solid foundations for the utilization of KD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
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Deng YF, Xu QQ, Chen TQ, Ming JX, Wang YF, Mao LN, Zhou JJ, Sun WG, Zhou Q, Ren H, Zhang YH. Kinsenoside alleviates inflammation and fibrosis in experimental NASH mice by suppressing the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154241. [PMID: 35749827 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has replaced viral hepatitis as the main driver of the rising morbidity and mortality associated with cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide, while no FDA-approved therapies are currently known. Kinsenoside (KD), naturally isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii, possesses multiple biological activities, including lipolysis, anti-inflammation, and hepatoprotection. However, the effects of KD on NASH remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the roles of KD in NASH and its engaged mechanisms. METHODS Two typical animal models of NASH, mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet (representing non-obese NASH) and mice fed a high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD) (representing obese NASH), were used to investigate the effect of KD on NASH in vivo. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of KD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-activated LX-2 cells were applied to further explore the effects and mechanisms of KD in vitro. RESULTS The intragastric administration of KD remarkably alleviated MCD/HFFD-induced murine NASH almost in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, KD reduced lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver of NASH mice. KD ameliorated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) abnormalities. In addition, it decreased the level of serum proinflammatory factors (IL-12p70, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IFN-γ) and the hepatic expression of typical fibrosis-related molecules (α-SMA, Col-I, TIMP-1). Mechanically, KD attenuated the MCD/HFFD-induced NASH through the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Consistently, KD reduced inflammation stimulated by LPS in THP-1 cells via suppressing the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Furthermore, it prevented the activation of LX-2 cells directly, by inhibiting the proliferation stimulated by TGF-β1, and indirectly, by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. CONCLUSION For the first time, the practical improvement of NASH by KD was revealed. Our study found that KD exerted its alleviative effects on NASH through the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Given its hepatoprotective and nontoxic properties, KD has the potential to be a novel and effective drug to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian-Qian Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Jia-Xiong Ming
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Na Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei-Guang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hong Ren
- Biobank, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Kinsenoside Alleviates 17α-Ethinylestradiol-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Regulating FXR-Mediated Bile Acid Homeostasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050452. [PMID: 34064649 PMCID: PMC8151897 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is an important predisposing factor of liver diseases, such as hepatocyte necrosis, liver fibrosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Kinsenoside (KD), a natural active ingredient of Anoectochilus roxburghii, on estrogen-induced cholestatic liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats and the underlying mechanism. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, low-dose KD group (50 mg/kg body weight, KD-L), medium-dose KD group (100 mg/kg body weight, KD-M), high-dose KD group (200 mg/kg body weight, KD-H) and ursodeoxycholic acid group (40 mg/kg body weight, UDCA). 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE) was used to establish an experimental animal model of estrogen-induced cholestasis (EIC). The results demonstrated that KD alleviated liver pathologic damage, serum biochemical status and inhibited hepatocellular microstructure disorder and bile duct hyperplasia in EE-induced cholestatic rats. Mechanically, KD alleviated EE-induced cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating bile acid homeostasis. Concretely, KD reduced the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 by inhibiting NF-κB p65 to suppress EE-mediated inflammation in rat liver. KD enhanced the expression of FXR and inhibited EE-mediated reduction of FXR in vitro and in vivo. It was the potential mechanism that KD mitigates cholestasis by increasing efflux and inhibiting uptake of bile acids via FXR-mediated induction of bile salt export pump (BSEP) and reduction of Na+-dependent taurocholate cotransport peptide (NTCP) to maintain bile acid homeostasis. Moreover, KD repressed the bile acid synthesis through reducing the expression of synthetic enzyme (CYP7A1), thereby normalizing the expression of metabolic enzyme (SULT2A1) of bile acid. In conclusion, our results revealed that KD may be an effective drug candidate for the treatment of cholestasis.
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Wei M, Chen X, Yi L, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Fu C, Yu L. Detecting kinsenoside from Anoectochilus roxburghii by HPLC-ELSD with dual columns of NH 2 and AQ-C 18. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:700-710. [PMID: 32216118 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kinsenoside is a characteristic component of Anoectochilus roxburghii and accounts for this herb's medicinal and edible values. No international certified standard method is available for kinsenoside analysis as well as extraction and preservation. OBJECTIVE To develop a more accurate analytical method of kinsenoside. The effects of extraction and drying methods of A. roxburghii on kinsenoside efficiency were investigated for the first time, as well as to examine the kinsenoside stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS The amino (NH2 ) and AQ-C18 columns for detecting kinsenoside extract was systematically compared by high-performance liquid chromatography evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) and HPLC-diode-array detector (DAD), respectively. Kinsenoside, its epimer goodyeroside A and the degradation product during preservation were identified through HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). RESULTS An accurate method of kinsenoside detection by HPLC-ELSD with dual columns of NH2 and AQ-C18 was established. The ratio of Cgoodyeroside A to Ckinsenoside (Y) was determined using the AQ-C18 column method. The concentration detected by the NH2 column was multiplied by 1/(1 + Y) as the corrected result. Using this novel method, the average deviations were reduced by 7.64%. Moreover, the efficiency of kinsenoside extraction with water was almost twice that of extraction with ethanol. Freeze drying also led to a higher extraction efficiency (38.47% increase) than hot-air drying did. Furthermore, the degradation of kinsenoside extract exceeded 70% when stored at 37 °C for 3 months. CONCLUSION This study provides a reliable experimental method and theoretical basis for the quality control of kinsenoside from A. roxburghii, as well as other glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wei
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liwen Yi
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yuan
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Quantitative determination of multi-class bioactive constituents for quality assessment of ten Anoectochilus, four Goodyera and one Ludisia species in China. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:430-439. [PMID: 36120169 PMCID: PMC9476377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Tomassini L, Frezza C, Ventrone A, Serafini M, Nicoletti M, Piovano M. Dihydrostilbene derivatives plus kinsenoside from the roots of the rare species Bipinnula fimbriata (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Kinsenoside Compound from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010193. [PMID: 31906599 PMCID: PMC6983077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish an extraction method for the kinsenoside compound from the whole plant Anoectochilus roxburghii. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method were used to extract and determine the content of kinsenoside, while response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process. The best possible range for methanol concentration (0–100%), the liquid-solid ratio (5:1–30:1 mL/g), ultrasonic power (240–540 W), duration of ultrasound (10–50 min), ultrasonic temperature (10–60 °C), and the number of extractions (1–4) were obtained according to the single factor experiments. Then, using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface analysis, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained with 16.33% methanol concentration, the liquid-solid ratio of 10.83:1 mL/g and 35.00 °C ultrasonic temperature. Under these conditions, kinsenoside extraction yield reached 32.24% dry weight. The best conditions were applied to determine the kinsenoside content in seven different cultivation ages in Anoectochilus roxburghii.
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Lee YCG, Sue YM, Lee CK, Huang HM, He JJ, Wang YS, Juan SH. Synergistic effects of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and AMP-activated protein kinase on lipolysis in kinsenoside-treated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:255-263. [PMID: 30668437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(3R)-hydroxybutanolide (kinsenoside), a major compound of Anoectochilus formosanus, increased lipolysis through an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. PURPOSE To extend our previous finding, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of kinsenoside on lipolysis and the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and AMPK in kinsenoside-mediated lipolysis. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet for six weeks to induce lipid deposition and then treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg kinsenoside for two weeks. The coordination of PKA and AMPK activation in lipolysis in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes was evaluated in vitro by using PKA and AMPK's corresponding inhibitors, oil-red O staining, a glycerol production assay, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Kinsenoside reduced body weight, fat pad mass, and hepatic lipid accumulation in obese mice, and concurrently increased the induction and activation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). Kinsenoside concentration-dependently increased PKA activation by increasing the phosphorylation of Ser/Thr-PKA substrates in vitro. These increases were accompanied by a reduction in fat accumulation. Using H89 and Rp-8-Br-cAMPs to inhibit PKA reduced the release of glycerol but did not alter the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha or the expression of CPT1 or ATGL. By contrast, compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, inhibited CPT1 and ATGL expression in kinsenoside-treated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. In addition, H89 caused the reactivation of AMPK downstream targets by increasing the levels of the active form of pAMPK-Thr172, suggesting that PKA negatively modulates AMPK activity. CONCLUSION Kinsenoside increased HSL activation through PKA-mediated phosphorylation at Ser660/563 and concomitantly increased perilipin activation in lipolysis. These lipolytic effects of kinsenoside were validated using 6-Bnz-cAMPs, a PKA agonist. In this study, we demonstrated that in addition to AMPK, PKA also plays a crucial role in kinsenoside-mediated lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chii G Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Mou Sue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhin-Jyun He
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiou Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang X, Jin M, Liu Y, Chen Q, Si L, Li G, Zhang Y, Huang J. Oral Bioavailability of Kinsenoside in Beagle Dogs Measured by LC-MS/MS: Improvement of Ex Vivo Stability of a Lactone-Containing Compound. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030087. [PMID: 29987203 PMCID: PMC6161302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinsenoside (KD), an active compound isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii, has demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities including hepatoprotection, antihyperliposis, antihyperglycemia, and antiosteoporosis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no available data concerning its preclinical pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in beagle dogs. To support preclinical pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study, a reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed for KD concentration measurements in beagle dog plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Atlantis® Hilic Silica column with an optimum mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium acetate in water (pH 3.0 adjusted with acetic acid) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass spectrometric analyses were carried out by monitoring multiple reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 265.2→102.9 for KD and m/z 174.0→128.0 for l-phenyl-d5-alanine-2,3,3-d3 (IS). The stability of KD in beagle dog whole blood and plasma was systematically evaluated. Lowering the temperature played a more critical role in stabilizing KD than decreasing the pH and adding esterase inhibitors, indicating that the major reason for instability of KD was probably due to chemical hydrolysis rather than esterase-mediated degradation. The currently developed method was validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of KD in beagle dogs following oral administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The absolute oral bioavailability for KD was determined to be 27.6%. Compared with typical glycosides, KD has a better bioavailability and is suitable for developing an oral dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yuping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qimingxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Luqin Si
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Gao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Pang G, Wang F, Zhang LW. Dose matters: Direct killing or immunoregulatory effects of natural polysaccharides in cancer treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:243-256. [PMID: 29804974 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural resources possess anti-tumor activities for decades, but the efficacy of polysaccharides as the adjuvant drugs for cancer treatment at prescribed doses remains open for debate. In this review, molecular mechanisms involved in direct killing effects of polysaccharides, including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and mitochondria/DNA damage were described. However, the concentrations/doses used to reach the direct killing effects are too high to be applicable. Polysaccharides can also exert anti-tumor effects through immunoregulation at lower doses, and the effects of polysaccharides on natural killer cells, dendritic cells and other lymphocytes for tumor destruction, along with the receptor recognition and downstream signaling pathways, were delineated. Unfortunately, the prescribed doses of polysaccharides are too low to stimulate immunoresponse, resulting in the failure of some clinical trials. Therefore, understanding the sophisticated mechanisms of the immunoregulatory function of natural polysaccharides with refined doses for clinical use will help the standardization of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, 322100, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, 322100, China.
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Qi CX, Zhou Q, Yuan Z, Luo ZW, Dai C, Zhu HC, Chen CM, Xue YB, Wang JP, Wang YF, Liu YP, Xiang M, Sun WG, Zhang JW, Zhang YH. Kinsenoside: A Promising Bioactive Compound from Anoectochilus Species. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:11-18. [PMID: 30074146 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinsenoside is a main active component isolated from plants of the genus Anoectochilus, and exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperliposis, anti-inflammatory, vascular protective and anti-osteoporosis effects and so on, which is contributing to its promising potency in disease treatments. This review aims to recapitulate the pharmacological functions of kinsenoside, as well as its source, extraction, identification, quantitative analysis, pharmacokinetics, synthesis and patent information. The data reported in this work can confirm the therapeutic potential of kinsenoside and provide useful information for further new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zeng-Wei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chong Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hu-Cheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chun-Mei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong-Bo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei-Guang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Ye S, Shao Q, Zhang A. Anoectochilus roxburghii: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:184-202. [PMID: 28755972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Orchidaceae), also known as Jinxianlian (Simplified Chinese: ) and Jinxianlan (Simplified Chinese: ), is valued in many Asian countries, where this plant species is used for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental purposes. As a food, A. roxburghii is widely used as a treatment booster and medicine because of its various beneficial properties; these include, most notably, the curative effects of heat dissipation and cooling of blood, elimination of dampness, detoxification, and immunity enhancement. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications of A. roxburghii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on A. roxburghii was obtained by an online search of worldwide-accepted scientific databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Springer, NCBI, ACS Publications, CNKI, and Wanfang data). RESULTS Phytochemical investigations have revealed that the major chemical constituents of A. roxburghii are polysaccharides, flavonoids, glycosides, organic acids, volatile compounds, steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and nucleosides. These compounds have been proven to be the main bioactive substances responsible for pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antilipemic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, liver protective, renal protective, immunomodulatory, abirritant, sedative, and antineoplastic effects. CONCLUSIONS A variety of dosage forms of A. roxburghii are currently being applied to patients suffering from hyperuricemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, cough-variant asthma, and other conditions. Nevertheless, further research is needed to clarify A. roxburghii absorption, distribution, metabolic, and excretion pathways. Moreover, the toxicology in A. roxburghii and A. formosanus are also in urgent need of research, especially long-term in vivo chronic toxicity tests need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Zeng B, Su M, Chen Q, Chang Q, Wang W, Li H. Protective effect of a polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:124-135. [PMID: 28229921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is traditionally used for the treatment of various types of chronic and acute hepatitis in China. Considering that Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARPT) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ARPT and its possible mechanism in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The hepatoprotective activity of ARPT (150, 300 and 500mg/kg) were investigated on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined in serum. The hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in liver homogenates. The levels of cytochrome P450 sub family 2E1 (CYP2E1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), KC (Murine IL-8 ortholog), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expressions of CYP2E1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and caspase-3 were evaluated by western blot assays. The hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2 and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, histopathological observation and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) were carried out on the separated livers of mice. RESULTS ARPT significantly decreased serum ALT and AST activities, hepatic MDA level, and markedly enhanced antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) activities and GSH level in hepatic tissue, in a dose-dependent manner, when compared to the model group. Histopathological observation revealed the hepatoprotective effect of ARPT against the damage. Furthermore, ARPT remarkably inhibited CYP2E1 mRNA expression, decreased NF-κB p65 expression and therefore to prevent the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-2 and KC), suppressed TGF-β1 expression and hepatocytes apoptosis. Moreover, ARPT could prevent DNA fragmentation based on TUNEL assay results. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that ARPT possessed hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and the action might in part be through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Minghua Su
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Yang L, Pan Q, Li J, Wu Y, Chen M, Cui S, Yu J. Protective effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide against CCl 4 -induced oxidative liver damage in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:442-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Rehman SU, Choi MS, Kim IS, Luo Z, Xue Y, Yao G, Zhang Y, Yoo HH. In Vitro Assessment of CYP-Mediated Drug Interactions for Kinsenoside, an Antihyperlipidemic Candidate. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060800. [PMID: 27322236 PMCID: PMC6274256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinsenoside, the herb-derived medicine isolated from the plant Anoect chilus, has diverse pharmacological actions, and it is considered to be a promising antihyperlipidemic drug candidate. This study evaluates the effects of kinsenoside on CYP enzyme-mediated drug metabolism in order to predict the potential for kinsenoside-drug interactions. Kinsenoside was tested at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 µM in human liver microsomes. The c Cktail probe assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to measure the CYP inhibitory effect of kinsenoside. Subsequently, the metabolism profiles of amlodipine and lovastatin in human liver microsomes were analyzed following co-incubation with kinsenoside. The concentration levels of the parent drug and the major metabolites were compared with the kinsenoside-cotreated samples. The effect of kinsenoside was negligible on the enzyme activity of all the CYP isozymes tested even though CYP2A6 was slightly inhibited at higher concentrations. The drug-drug interaction assay also showed that the concomitant use of kinsenoside has a non-significant effect on the concentration of lovastatin or amlodipine, and their major metabolites. So, it was concluded that there is almost no risk of drug interaction between kinsenoside and CYP drug substrates via CYP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - In Sook Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
| | - Zengwei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yongbo Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guangming Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea.
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Kinsenoside inhibits the inflammatory mediator release in a type-II collagen induced arthritis mouse model by regulating the T cells responses. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:80. [PMID: 26916550 PMCID: PMC4766613 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Anoectochilus formosanus has been used as a Chinese folk medicine and is known as the “King of medicine” in Chinese society due to its versatile pharmacological effects such as anti-hypertension, anti-diabetes, anti-heart disease, anti-lung and liver diseases, anti-nephritis and anti-Rheumatoid arthritis. Kinsenoside is an essential and active compound of A. formosanus (Orchidaceae). However, the anti-arthritic activity of kinsenoside has still not been demonstrated. In the present study, we confirmed that the kinsenoside treatment rheumatoid arthritis induced by collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Methods Male DBA/1 J mice were immunized by intradermal injection of 100 μg of type II collagen in CFA. Kinsenoside was administered orally at a dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg once a day after 2nd booster injection. Paw swelling, arthritic score and histological change were measured. ELISA was used to measure cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the splenocyte according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results Compared with model group, kinsenoside significantly inhibited paw edema and decreased the arthritis score and disease incidence. Histopathological examination demonstrated that kinsenoside effectively protected bone and cartilage of knee joint from erosion, lesion and deformation versus those from the CIA group. Kinsenoside also decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 expression, and increased the expression of IL-10 in inflamed joints. The administration of kinsenoside significantly suppressed levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, but increased concentrations of IL-10 in the supernatants of each of the splenocytes in CIA mice compared with that in the H2O-treated mice with CIA. Using flow cytometric analysis, we demonstrated that kinsenoside increases the population of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, thereby inhibiting the Th1 cell and B cell populations. Anticollagen IgG1 and IgG2a levels decreased in the serum of kinsenoside-treated mice. Conclusions These results suggest that the administration of kinsenoside effectively suppressed inflammatory mediators’ production and bone erosion in mice with collagen-induced arthritis showing the potential as an anti-arthritis agent.
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Development of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of kinsenoside, an antihyperlipidemic candidate, in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Righi V, Parenti F, Tugnoli V, Schenetti L, Mucci A. Crocus sativus Petals: Waste or Valuable Resource? The Answer of High-Resolution and High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8439-8444. [PMID: 26367873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intact Crocus sativus petals were studied for the first time by high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy, revealing the presence of kinsenoside (2) and goodyeroside A (3), together with 3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone (4). These findings were confirmed by HR-NMR analysis of the ethanol extract of fresh petals and showed that, even though carried out rapidly, partial hydrolysis of glucopyranosyloxybutanolides occurs during extraction. On the other hand, kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside (1), which is "NMR-silent" in intact petals, is present in extracts. These results suggest to evaluate the utilization of saffron petals for phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical purposes to exploit a waste product of massive production of commercial saffron and point to the application of HR-MAS NMR for monitoring bioactive compounds directly on intact petals, avoiding the extraction procedure and the consequent hydrolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Righi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Università di Bologna , Corso D'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Vitaliano Tugnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 8/A, 40123 Bologna, Italy
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Jiang JH, Lee YI, Cubeta MA, Chen LC. Characterization and colonization of endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia fungi in the medicinal herb Anoectochilus formosanus (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:431-45. [PMID: 25575732 PMCID: PMC4512280 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal effects and techniques for cultivating Anoectochilus formosanus are well-documented, but little is known about the mycorrhizal fungi associated with A. formosanus. Rhizoctonia (Thanatephorus) anastomosis group 6 (AG-6) was the most common species isolated from fungal pelotons in native A. formosanus and represented 67% of the sample. Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidium) AG-G, P, and R were also isolated and represent the first occurrence in the Orchidaceae. Isolates of AG-6, AG-R, and AG-P in clade I increased seed germination 44-91% and promoted protocorm growth from phases III to VI compared to asymbiotic treatments and isolates of AG-G in clade II and Tulasnella species in clade III. All isolates in clades I to III formed fungal pelotons in tissue-cultured seedlings of A. formosanus, which exhibited significantly greater growth than nonmycorrhizal seedlings. An analysis of the relative effect of treatment ([Formula: see text]) showed that the low level of colonization ([Formula: see text]) by isolates in clade I resulted in a significant increase in seedling growth compared to isolates in clades II (0.63-0.82) and III (0.63-0.75). There was also a negative correlation (r = -0.8801) with fresh plant weight and fungal colonization. Our results suggest that isolates in clade I may represent an important group associated with native populations of A. formosanus and can vary in their ability to establish a symbiotic association with A. formosanus. The results presented here are potentially useful for advancing research on the medicinal properties, production, and conservation of A. formosanus in diverse ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Hau Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Botany Department, National Museum of Natural Science, No. 1, Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marc A. Cubeta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Lung-Chung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Efficient synthesis of kinsenoside and goodyeroside a by a chemo-enzymatic approach. Molecules 2014; 19:16950-8. [PMID: 25340300 PMCID: PMC6271766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinsenoside (1) and goodyeroside A (2), two naturally occurring stereoisomers with diverse biological activities, have been synthesized efficiently by a chemo-enzymatic approach with a total yield of 12.7%. The aglycones, (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone, were prepared from d- and l-malic acid by a four-step chemical approach with a yield of 75%, respectively. These butyrolactones were then successfully glycosidated using β-d-glucosidase as a catalyst in a homogeneous organic-water system. Under the optimized enzymatic conditions, the yields of kinsenoside and goodyeroside A in the enzymatic steps both reached 16.8%.
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Liu Q, Liu ZL, Tian J, Shi W, Liu YQ. The semisynthetic spin-labelled derivatives of 3-hydroxybutanolide as potential oxidative stress inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1037-44. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.903477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 362011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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A Type II Arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus for G-CSF Production in Macrophages and Leukopenia Improvement in CT26-Bearing Mice Treated with 5-Fluorouracil. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:458075. [PMID: 24191166 PMCID: PMC3804054 DOI: 10.1155/2013/458075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anoectochilus formosanus is an herb well known in Asian countries. The polysaccharide isolated from A. formosanus consists of type II arabinogalactan (AGAF), with branched 3,6-Gal as the major moiety. In this study, AGAF was examined for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and related protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The signaling pathway of G-CSF production involves AGAF and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibitors and pattern-recognition receptor antibodies. AGAF was evaluated to ease the leukopenia in CT26-colon-cancer-bearing mice treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of this study showed that AGAF was a stimulant for Toll-like receptor 2 and Dectin-1 and that it induced G-CSF production, through p38 and ERK MAPK, and NF- κ B pathways. In vivo examination showed that the oral administration of AGAF mitigated the side effects of leukopenia caused by 5-FU in colon-cancer-bearing mice. In conclusion, the botanic type II AGAF in this study was a potent G-CSF inducer in vivo and in vitro.
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Hsiao HB, Lin H, Wu JB, Lin WC. Kinsenoside prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by regulating classical NF-κB pathways. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1663-76. [PMID: 23143538 PMCID: PMC3627854 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kinsenoside is able to improve bone turnover rate in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro analysis shows that kinsenoside antagonizes osteoclast development and bone resorption. INTRODUCTION Kinsenoside, the main active compound of the traditional Taiwanese herb Anoectochilus formosanus, has an antiinflammatory effect. This study investigates whether kinsenoside inhibits osteoporosis and osteoclastogenesis. METHODS OVX mice were used to examine the antiosteoporotic activity of kinsenoside. The trabecular bone microarchitecture was assessed by microcomputed tomography. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms of the antiosteoporotic effects of kinsenoside. RESULTS Microcomputed tomography scanning showed that kinsenoside suppresses bone loss in OVX mice. Kinsenoside decreases plasma CTx concentration. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis also showed that kinsenoside reduces the femoral mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Kinsenoside inhibits osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells (BMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot was used to analyze osteoclast-associated signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Results show that kinsenoside does not inhibit IKK phosphorylation but suppresses the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Kinsenoside significantly inhibits the RANKL induction of IKK activity. Kinsenoside inhibits the RANKL-triggered nuclear translocations of NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). RT-PCR was used to analyze osteoclast precursor fusion and resorption-associated gene expression in BMs. Kinsenoside inhibits the expression of cathepsin K (CAK), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, MMP-9, and TRAP. CONCLUSIONS Kinsenoside inhibits osteoclastogenesis from macrophages by attenuating RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc1 activities, which in turn, prevents bone loss from OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-B. Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H. Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J.-B. Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W.-C. Lin
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science and Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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The vascular protective properties of kinsenoside isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii under high glucose condition. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The present study evaluated the prebiotic effect of a standardised aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (SAEAF) and its effects on osteoporosis in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. The OVX rats were randomly divided into five groups and orally treated with water, SAEAF (200 and 400 mg/kg daily) and inulin (400 mg/kg daily) for 12 weeks. The sham group was orally treated with water. The SAEAF treatment enhanced the number of faecal bifidobacteria in OVX rats. The results of a Ca-balance experiment showed that SAEAF increased apparent Ca absorption and retention. The OVX rats were killed after SAEAF treatment lasting 12 weeks. The SAEAF decreased the caecal pH values and increased the caecal wall weight, caecal mucosa calbindin-D9k mRNA expression, free-Ca concentration and levels of SCFA in the caecum. The mineral content, density and biomechanical strength of bones were lower in OVX rats than the sham group, but these bone losses were prevented by SAEAF administration. Microtomography scanning showed that the SAEAF-treated rats had higher trabecular bone volume than the OVX rats. These results suggest that SAEAF prevented bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency in the rats.
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Yang LC, Lin WC, Lu TJ. Characterization and prebiotic activity of aqueous extract and indigestible polysaccharide from Anoectochilus formosanus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8590-8599. [PMID: 22793881 DOI: 10.1021/jf3018832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus formosanus (Orchidaceae) is a folk medicine in Asia. This study investigated the in vivo and in vitro prebiotic effects of an aqueous extract of A. formosanus (SAEAF) and of an indigestible polysaccharide (AFP) isolated from SAEAF. Chemical analyses showed AFP was mainly composed of arabinogalactan type II (AG-II), with an average molecular weight of 29 kDa. Following 4 weeks of oral administration to rats, SAEAF exhibited prebiotic effects including a decrease in cecum pH and increases of calcium absorption and fecal bifidobacteria. Furthermore, through a bioactivity-guided separation strategy, AFP was proven to be a bifidogenic component in vitro fecal strains fermentation and in vivo administration to mice. In RT-PCR analysis of Bifidobacterium , AFP increased the expression of ABC transporter related to nutrient uptake. Thus, AFP, a polysaccharide from A. formosanus, was demonstrated to be a prebiotic that has a positive health effect on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Investigating the function of a novel protein from Anoectochilus formosanus which induced macrophage differentiation through TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kuan YC, Wu TJ, Kuo CY, Hsu JC, Chang WY, Sheu F. Molecular cloning of a new immunomodulatory protein from Anoectochilus formosanus which induces B cell IgM secretion through a T-independent mechanism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21004. [PMID: 21698210 PMCID: PMC3116865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunomodulatory protein (IPAF) was purified and cloned from Anoectochilus formosanus, an Orchidaceae herbal plant in Asia. The major targeting immune cells of IPAF and its modulating effects toward B lymphocytes were investigated. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was conducted to clone the IPAF gene, and the obtained sequence was BLAST compared on the NCBI database. MACS-purified mouse T and B lymphocytes were stimulated with IPAF and the cell proliferation, activation, and Igs production were examined. IPAF comprised a 25 amino acids signal peptide and a 138 amino acids protein which was homologous to the lectins from Orchidaceae plant. IPAF selectively induced the cell proliferation in mouse splenic B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes. The IPAF-induced B cells exhibited increased CD69 and MHC class II expression, and a dose- and time-dependent enhancement in IgM production. These results suggested potential benefits of IPAF to strengthen the humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Kuan
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Jen Wu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Yu Kuo
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Chun Hsu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Chang
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fuu Sheu
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Hsieh WT, Tsai CT, Wu JB, Hsiao HB, Yang LC, Lin WC. Kinsenoside, a high yielding constituent from Anoectochilus formosanus, inhibits carbon tetrachloride induced Kupffer cells mediated liver damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:440-449. [PMID: 21470577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we have evaluated the hepatoprotective ability of kinsenoside, a major component of Anoectochilus formosanus, in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory action of kinsenoside on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and Kupffer cells were investigated. Mice hepatic injury was produced by CCl(4) twice a week for 3 weeks. Mice in the three CCl(4) group were treated daily with water and kinsenoside throughout the experimental period. RESULTS In LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and Kupffer cells, kinsenoside inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and also blocked LPS-induced inducible NO synthase expression. Furthermore, kinsenoside inhibited the NF-κB activation induced by LPS, and this is associated with the abrogation of IκBα degradation, with subsequent decreases in nuclear p65 and p50 protein levels. Moreover, the phosphorylations of p38, ERK and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were suppressed by kinsenoside. In the in vivo study, kinsenoside significantly protected the liver from injury, by reducing the activities of plasma aminotransferase, and by improving the histological architecture of the liver. kinsenoside inhibited Kupffer cell activation by reducing the CD 14 mRNA and protein expressions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that kinsenoside alleviates CCl(4)-induced liver injury, and this protection is probably due to the suppression of Kupffer cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Kinsenoside Isolated from Anoectochilus Formosanus Suppresses LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Reactions in Macrophages and Endotoxin Shock in Mice. Shock 2011; 35:184-90. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181f0e7a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hossain MM. Therapeutic orchids: traditional uses and recent advances--an overview. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:102-40. [PMID: 20851751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orchids have been used as a source of medicine for millennia to treat different diseases and ailments including tuberculosis, paralysis, stomach disorders, chest pain, arthritis, syphilis, jaundice, cholera, acidity, eczema, tumour, piles, boils, inflammations, menstrual disorder, spermatorrhea, leucoderma, diahorrhea, muscular pain, blood dysentery, hepatitis, dyspepsia, bone fractures, rheumatism, asthma, malaria, earache, sexually transmitted diseases, wounds and sores. Besides, many orchidaceous preparations are used as emetic, purgative, aphrodisiac, vermifuge, bronchodilator, sex stimulator, contraceptive, cooling agent and remedies in scorpion sting and snake bite. Some of the preparations are supposed to have miraculous curative properties but rare scientific demonstration available which is a primary requirement for clinical implementations. Incredible diversity, high alkaloids and glycosides content, research on orchids is full of potential. Meanwhile, some novel compounds and drugs, both in phytochemical and pharmacological point of view have been reported from orchids. Linking of the indigenous knowledge to the modern research activities will help to discover new drugs much more effective than contemporary synthetic medicines. The present study reviews the traditional therapeutic uses of orchids with its recent advances in pharmacological investigations that would be a useful reference for plant drug researches, especially in orchids.
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Hsieh CC, Hsiao HB, Lin WC. A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-inhaled murine model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:557-562. [PMID: 20092984 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA, a Chinese herb, is a valued folk medicine for fever, pain, and diseases of the lung and liver. Allergic asthma is characterized by increased serum IgE level and inflammation of the airways with high levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Constriction of airway smooth muscle and development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) are the most important symptoms of allergic asthma. In our previous study, a standardized aqueous extract of A. formosanus (SAEAF) was used to modulate innate immunity of normal mice. In this study, airway inflammatory infiltrations, including T cell differentiation, cytokine modulation, allergic antibodies estimation, pulmonary pathology, and enhanced pause (Penh) of AHR were used to evaluate SAEAF treatment of an ovalbumin (OVA)-inhaled airway allergic murine model. The resulting cytokine profiles demonstrated that SAEAF can significantly reduce Th2 polarization after administration of SAEAF in OVA inhalation. These results also suggest that SAEAF modulates cytokine secretion in allergic asthma. Modulated natural T regulatory cells (CD25+/CD4+, Treg) were also shown to increase immuno-suppression in the allergic lung inflammation and further down-regulate airway inflammatory infiltration in eosinophils and macrophages. Finally, decreased airway anti-OVA IgE secretion and reduced AHR were observed. Our results indicate that the administration of SAEAF can modulate cytokines and T cell subpopulation by regulating inflammatory cell infiltration and modulating the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Fang HL, Wu JB, Lin WL, Ho HY, Lin WC. Further studies on the hepatoprotective effects ofAnoectochilus formosanus. Phytother Res 2008; 22:291-6. [PMID: 17886219 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Anoectochilus formosanus effective fraction (AFEF) on chronic liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. CCl4 (5%; 0.1 mL/10 g body weight) was given twice a week for 9 weeks, and mice received AFEF throughout the whole experimental period. Plasma GPT, hepatic levels of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde were significantly lower in mice treated with AFEF compared with those treated with CCl4 only. Liver pathology in the AFEF-treated mice was also improved. RT-PCR analysis showed that AFEF treatment increased the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A and decreased the expression of collagen(alpha1)(I) and transforming growth factor-beta1. These results clearly demonstrated that AFEF reduced the hepatic damage induced by CCl4 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Lang Fang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh Shih Road Taichung, Taiwan
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