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Sadaf F, Saleem R, Khan RA, Ahmad U, Lubna, Bano S, Faizi S. Antihypertensive effect of patulitrin and other constituents from Tagetes patula L. (French marigold) in acute L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2019-2025. [PMID: 37458205 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2233673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The work is aimed to evaluate the blood pressure reducing effect of constituents from methanol extract and associated constituents of Tagetes patula flowers in normotensive and L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. The HPLC analysis of methanol extract of Tagetes patula flowers (JFM) resulted in the quantitative identification and percent comparison of four phenolic constituents, protocatechuic acid (PA), methyl protocatechuate (MPA), patulitrin (TRIN) and patuletin (PAT). All the extracts, fractions and compounds examined showed significant blood pressure lowering activity. Patulitrin (TRIN) which has emerged as the major constituent (15.33%) of T. patula flowers showed significant 30% and 68% fall in blood pressure in normotensive and L-NAME induced hypertensive rats respectively. The patuletin (PAT), which is an aglycone of TRIN displayed high percentage (84%) of antihypertensive activity. Further, comprehensive and advanced studies on these constituents may result in preparation of an effective blood pressure lowering medicine with active precious rare flavonoids, patuletin and patulitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sadaf
- Pharmcology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid A Khan
- Pharmaceutical Reserach Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lubna
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi75270, Pakistan
| | - Samina Bano
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi75270, Pakistan
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2
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Rosca I, Turin-Moleavin IA, Sarghi A, Lungoci AL, Varganici CD, Petrovici AR, Fifere A, Pinteala M. Dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with protocatechuic acid as multifunctional therapeutic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128314. [PMID: 38007008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in multifunctional therapeutic agents as valuable tools to improve and expand the applicability field of traditional bioactive compounds. In this context, the synthesis and main characteristics of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP-Dex) loaded with both an antioxidant, protocatechuic acid (PCA), and an antibiotic, ceftazidime (CAZ) or levofloxacin (LEV) are herein reported for the first time, with emphasis on the potentiation effect of PCA on drugs activity. All nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic light scattering. As evidenced by DPPH method, IONP-Dex loaded with PCA and LEV had similar antioxidant activity like those with PCA only, but higher than PCA and CAZ loaded ones. A synergy of action between PCA and each antibiotic co-loaded on IONP-Dex has been highlighted by an enhanced activity against reference bacterial strains, such as S. aureus and E. coli after 40 min of incubation. It was concluded that PCA, which is the main cause of the antioxidative properties of loaded nanoparticles, further improves the antimicrobial activity of IONP-Dex nanoparticles when was co-loaded with CAZ or LEV antibiotics. All constructs also showed a good biocompatibility with normal human dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Rosca
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ioana-Andreea Turin-Moleavin
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Alexandra Sarghi
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ana-Lacramioara Lungoci
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cristian-Dragos Varganici
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Anca-Roxana Petrovici
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adrian Fifere
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Bonatti JLC, Vaso CO, Santos MB, Polaquini CR, Santoni Biasioli MM, Herculano RD, Regasini LO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051402. [PMID: 37242644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of dermatophytes to live in communities and resist antifungal drugs may explain treatment recurrence, especially in onychomycosis. Therefore, new molecules with reduced toxicity that target dermatophyte biofilms should be investigated. This study evaluated nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (nonyl) susceptibility and mechanism of action on planktonic cells and biofilms of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Metabolic activities, ergosterol, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified, and the expression of genes encoding ergosterol was determined by real-time PCR. The effects on the biofilm structure were visualized using confocal electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms were susceptible to nonyl and resistant to fluconazole, griseofulvin (all strains), and terbinafine (two strains). The SEM results revealed that nonyl groups seriously damaged the biofilms, whereas synthetic drugs caused little or no damage and, in some cases, stimulated the development of resistance structures. Confocal microscopy showed a drastic reduction in biofilm thickness, and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that the compound promoted the derangement and formation of pores in the plasma membrane. Biochemical and molecular assays indicated that fungal membrane ergosterol is a nonyl target. These findings show that nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a promising antifungal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Níura M Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Modlane University (UEM), Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Jean Lucas C Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Santoni Biasioli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli D Herculano
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
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Synthesis and Biological Activity of Unsymmetrical Monoterpenylhetaryl Disulfides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165101. [PMID: 36014334 PMCID: PMC9416111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New unsymmetrical monoterpenylhetaryl disulfides based on heterocyclic disulfides and monoterpene thiols were synthesized for the first time in 48–88% yields. Hydrolysis of disulfides with fragments of methyl esters of 2-mercaptonicotinic acid was carried out in 73–95% yields. The obtained compounds were evaluated for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal activity, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity.
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Mahfuz S, Mun HS, Dilawar MA, Ampode KMB, Yang CJ. Potential Role of Protocatechuic Acid as Natural Feed Additives in Farm Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:741. [PMID: 35327138 PMCID: PMC8944766 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction on using antibiotics in animal feed that generates demand for antibiotics alternatives in animal breeding. Providing safe food to humans free from the residual effects of antibiotics is a great challenge to animal producers and food-producing industry owners. Medicinal plants and their extracts as feed supplements have been used to promote the growth and health of farm animals for centuries. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic compound that originated from natural plants. For years, the health-promoting role of PCA has been becoming an attraction of research in nutrition and pharmacy. Thus, it can be used as an active natural feed additive while synthetic antibiotics are illegal to use in animal breeding. However, the practical application of PCA in view of dosages in animal nutrition, together with its mode of action on animal health, is not well known. In this regard, this review study has explored the mode of action of PCA and the feasibility of using those compounds in animal nutrition. This review study concludes that phenolic-rich protocatechuic acid as a natural feed additive may be useful in enhancing antioxidant status, immune function, antimicrobial, intestinal health and growth performance of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Muhammad Ammar Dilawar
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Keiven Mark B. Ampode
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Biological Functions of Diallyl Disulfide, a Garlic-Derived Natural Organic Sulfur Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5103626. [PMID: 34745287 PMCID: PMC8570849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is widely accepted as a functional food and an excellent source of pharmacologically active ingredients. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major bioactive component of garlic, has several beneficial biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. This review systematically evaluated the biological functions of DADS and discussed the underlying molecular mechanisms of these functions. We hope that this review provides guidance and insight into the current literature and enables future research and the development of DADS for intervention and treatment of multiple diseases.
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Bhatwalkar SB, Mondal R, Krishna SBN, Adam JK, Govender P, Anupam R. Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic ( Allium sativum). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613077. [PMID: 34394014 PMCID: PMC8362743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum), a popular food spice and flavoring agent, has also been used traditionally to treat various ailments especially bacterial infections for centuries in various cultures around the world. The principal phytochemicals that exhibit antibacterial activity are oil-soluble organosulfur compounds that include allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides. The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. The reactive organosulfur compounds form disulfide bonds with free sulfhydryl groups of enzymes and compromise the integrity of the bacterial membrane. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the development of antibiotic resistance as a global health concern and emphasizes antibiotic stewardship along with the urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. Multiple antibacterial effects of organosulfur compounds provide an excellent framework to develop them into novel antibiotics. The review provides a focused and comprehensive portrait of the status of garlic and its compounds as antibacterial agents. In addition, the emerging role of new technologies to harness the potential of garlic as a novel antibacterial agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bagde Bhatwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Mondal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jamila Khatoon Adam
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patrick Govender
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajaneesh Anupam
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Li H, Xia XJ, Zhang LF, Chi JS, Liu P, Wu H, Xie XR, Tian DL, Kun KX, Gong RJ, Liu XM, Xu CX. Comparative study of allicin-containing quadruple therapy vs. bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective randomized study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 32:194-200. [PMID: 32804837 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bismuth has antimicrobial activity and can improve the efficacy of triple Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapy. Allicin added to conventional therapy for H. pylori infection also improves H. pylori eradication rates. Thus, this study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of allicin-containing quadruple therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy and to investigate the factors that affect the eradication rates. METHODS Two hundred twenty H. pylori-infected patients were included and randomly (1:1) assigned to 14-day quadruple therapy: ilaprazole (5 mg bid), doxycycline (100 mg bid), and furazolidone (100 mg bid) with an allicin soft capsule (40 mg of DATS tid) (IDFA) or colloidal bismuth tartrate (220 mg of elemental bismuth bid) (IDFB). Eradication was confirmed by urea breath tests. Symptom improvement, adverse events, and adherence were assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, the eradication rates for IDFA and IDFB groups were 87.5% (70/80) vs. 86.3% (69/80, P = 0.815) and 91.9% (68/74) vs. 91.8% (67/73, P = 0.980) as first-line therapies; 83.3% (25/30) vs. 83.3% (25/30, P = 1) and 89.3% (25/28) vs. 88.9% (24/27, P = 1) as second-line therapies. Symptom improvement rates were 96.1% and 97.0% for IDFA and IDFB (P = 1). The adverse event rates were 10.9% in IDFA and 14.5% in IDFB groups (P = 0.418). Nausea occurred frequently in IDFB than IDFA (1.8% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.030). Smoking and sharing utensils significantly affected the efficacy. CONCLUSION Allicin-containing quadruple therapy might be regarded as a promising alternative to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Tran Trung H, Truong Thi Huynh H, Nguyen Thi Thuy L, Nguyen Van Minh H, Thi Nguyen MN, Luong Thi MN. Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of Helicobacter pylori. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20080-20089. [PMID: 32832762 PMCID: PMC7439261 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess antimicrobial effects of naringenin (NRG), luteolin (LUT), myricetin (MCT), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) identified in a Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower against two reference strains and five clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. NRG displayed the most growth inhibitory and bactericidal activities to seven bacterial strains including six strains resistant to one or several antibiotics, azithromycin (MIC, 16-32 mg/L), erythromycin (MIC, 32 mg/L), levofloxacin (MIC, 32 mg/L), and/or metronidazole (24-64 mg/L), followed by LUT and MCT, while PCA showed weak activities toward the strains. These constituents had similar antibacterial activities toward the seven tested strains suggesting that these constituents and the antibiotics do not have a common mechanism of anti-H. pylori activity. NRG, LUT, and MCT resulted in a high percentage of coccoid forms of H. pylori. NRG exhibited the highest anti-biofilm formation activity. MCT produced the strongest inhibition of urease activity followed by LUT and PCA, whereas the activity of NRG was similar to standard inhibitor thiourea. The four constituents had no significant toxicity to human cell lines. A global attempt to decrease utilization of antibiotics justifies the need for further research on H. rosa sinensis derived materials containing NRG, LUT, MCT, and PCA as potential products or lead compounds for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Tran Trung
- Faculty
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- . Tel: (+84) 2838304093
| | - Hoa Truong Thi Huynh
- Central
Laboratory for Analysis, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam
National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Nguyen Van Minh
- Oxford
University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 764 Vo Van Kiet Street, District
5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - My-Nuong Thi Nguyen
- Faculty
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - My Ngan Luong Thi
- Faculty
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Colombo R, Papetti A. Decaffeinated coffee and its benefits on health: focus on systemic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2506-2522. [PMID: 32551832 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1779175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current literature has mainly focused on benefits and risks deriving from the consumption of caffeinated coffee and its implications for inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Today, data about the role of caffeine in many disorders are controversial and the attention has increasingly focused on decaffeinated coffee and its non-caffeine compounds, which could have mainly beneficial effects. In fact, coffee phenolic compounds not only exhibit well-known antioxidant properties, but they can also antagonize some negative effects of caffeine, for example in inflammatory pathway and in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. In this review, we consider the literature of the last two decades and critically discuss the effects of decaffeinated coffee compounds on systemic disorders, mainly inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic dysfunctions, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Date palm and saw palmetto seeds functional properties: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Dual Drugs Anticancer Nanoformulation using Graphene Oxide-PEG as Nanocarrier for Protocatechuic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid. Pharm Res 2019; 36:91. [PMID: 31020429 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemotherapy of cancer has been complicated by poor bioavailability, adverse side effects, high dose requirement, drug resistance and low therapeutic indices. Cancer cells have different ways to inhibit the chemotherapeutic drugs, use of dual/multiple anticancer agents may be achieve better therapeutic effects in particular for drug resistant tumors. Designing a biocompatible delivery system, dual or multiple drugs could addressing these chemotherapy drawbacks and it is the focus of many current biomedical research. METHODS In the present study, graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol (GOPEG) nanocarrier is designed and loaded with two anticancer drugs; Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and Chlorogenic acid (CA). The designed anticancer nanocomposite was further coated with folic acid to target the cancer cells, as their surface membranes are overexpressed with folate receptors. RESULTS The particle size distribution of the designed nanocomposite was found to be narrow, 9-40 nm. The release profiles of the loaded drugs; PCA and CA was conducted in human body simulated PBS solutions of pH 7.4 (blood pH) and pH 4.8 (intracellular lysosomal pH). Anticancer properties were evaluated against cancerous cells i.e. liver cancer, HEPG2 and human colon cancer, HT-29 cells. The cytocompatbility was assessed on normal 3T3 fibroblasts cells. CONCLUSION The size of the final designed anticancer nanocomposite formulation, GOPEG-PCACA-FA was found to be distributed at 9-40 nm with a median of 8 nm. The in vitro release of the drugs PCA and CA was found to be of sustained manner which took more than 100 h for the release. Furthermore, the designed formulation was biocompatible with normal 3T3 cells and showed strong anticancer activity against liver and colon cancer cells.
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Krzyżek P, Franiczek R, Krzyżanowska B, Łaczmański Ł, Migdał P, Gościniak G. In Vitro Activity of 3-Bromopyruvate, an Anticancer Compound, Against Antibiotic-Susceptible and Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020229. [PMID: 30781380 PMCID: PMC6406402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium capable of inducing chronic active gastritis, which in some people, develops into gastric cancers. One of the substances that may be useful in the eradication of this microorganism is 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BP), an anticancer compound with antimicrobial properties. The aim of this article was to determine the activity of 3-BP against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined using a disk-diffusion method, broth microdilution method, time-killing assay, and checkerboard assay. The research was extended by observations using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The growth inhibition zones produced by 2 mg/disk with 3-BP counted for 16–32.5 mm. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 32 to 128 μg/mL, while the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for all tested strains had values of 128 μg/mL. The time-killing assay demonstrated the concentration-dependent and time-dependent bactericidal activity of 3-BP. The decrease in culturability below the detection threshold (<100 CFU/mL) was demonstrated after 6 h, 4 h, and 2 h of incubation for MIC, 2× MIC, and 4× MIC, respectively. Bacteria treated with 3-BP had a several times reduced mean green/red fluorescence ratio compared to the control samples, suggesting bactericidal activity, which was independent from an induction of coccoid forms. The checkerboard assay showed the existence of a synergistic/additive interaction of 3-BP with amoxicillin, tetracycline, and clarithromycin. Based on the presented results, it is suggested that 3-BP may be an interesting anti-H. pylori compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | - Roman Franiczek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | - Barbara Krzyżanowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 51-630, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Gościniak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
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Graphene Oxide⁻PEG⁻Protocatechuic Acid Nanocomposite Formulation with Improved Anticancer Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100820. [PMID: 30314340 PMCID: PMC6215288 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancer through chemotherapy is limited by its toxicity to healthy tissues and organs, and its inability to target the cancer site. In this study, we have designed an anticancer nanocomposite delivery system for protocatechuic acid (PCA) using graphene oxide–polyethylene glycol as the nanocarrier, and coated with folic acid (GO–PEG–PCA–FA) for targeting the cancer cells. The designed anticancer delivery system was found to show much better anticancer activity than the free drug PCA against liver cancer HEP-G2 cells and human colon cancer HT-29 cells; at same time, it was found to be less toxic to normal fibroblast 3T3 cells. The folate-coated anticancer delivery system was found to show better activity then the free drug and the uncoated anticancer delivery system. The in vitro release of the PCA was found to be sustained in human physiological pHs, i.e., blood pH 7.4 and intracellular lysosomal pH 4.8. These in vitro findings are highly encouraging for further in vivo evaluation studies.
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Nazaré AC, Polaquini CR, Cavalca LB, Anselmo DB, Saiki MDFC, Monteiro DA, Zielinska A, Rahal P, Gomes E, Scheffers DJ, Ferreira H, Regasini LO. Design of Antibacterial Agents: Alkyl Dihydroxybenzoates against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3050. [PMID: 30301234 PMCID: PMC6213047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) causes citrus canker, affecting sweet orange-producing areas around the world. The current chemical treatment available for this disease is based on cupric compounds. For this reason, the objective of this study was to design antibacterial agents. In order to do this, we analyzed the anti-Xcc activity of 36 alkyl dihydroxybenzoates and we found 14 active compounds. Among them, three esters with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values were selected; compounds 4 (52 μM), 16 (80 μM) and 28 (88 μM). Our study demonstrated that alkyl dihydroxybenzoates cause a delay in the exponential phase. The permeability capacity of alkyl dihydroxybenzoates in a quarter of MIC was compared to nisin (positive control). Compound 28 was the most effective (93.8), compared to compound 16 (41.3) and compound 4 (13.9) by percentage values. Finally, all three compounds showed inhibition of FtsZ GTPase activity, and promoted changes in protofilaments, leading to depolymerization, which prevents bacterial cell division. In conclusion, heptyl dihydroxybenzoates (compounds 4, 16 and 28) are promising anti-Xcc agents which may serve as an alternative for the control of citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Nazaré
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Bonci Cavalca
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daiane Bertholin Anselmo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Marilia de Freitas Calmon Saiki
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Diego Alves Monteiro
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Aleksandra Zielinska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
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Synthesis and characterization of protocatechuic acid-loaded gadolinium-layered double hydroxide and gold nanocomposite for theranostic application. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Garlic-derived organosulfur compound exerts antitumor efficacy via activation of MAPK pathway and modulation of cytokines in SGC-7901 tumor-bearing mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:135-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Silva LN, Zimmer KR, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Plant Natural Products Targeting Bacterial Virulence Factors. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9162-236. [PMID: 27437994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Decreased antimicrobial efficiency has become a global public health issue. The paucity of new antibacterial drugs is evident, and the arsenal against infectious diseases needs to be improved urgently. The selection of plants as a source of prototype compounds is appropriate, since plant species naturally produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that act as a chemical line of defense against microorganisms in the environment. Although traditional approaches to combat microbial infections remain effective, targeting microbial virulence rather than survival seems to be an exciting strategy, since the modulation of virulence factors might lead to a milder evolutionary pressure for the development of resistance. Additionally, anti-infective chemotherapies may be successfully achieved by combining antivirulence and conventional antimicrobials, extending the lifespan of these drugs. This review presents an updated discussion of natural compounds isolated from plants with chemically characterized structures and activity against the major bacterial virulence factors: quorum sensing, bacterial biofilms, bacterial motility, bacterial toxins, bacterial pigments, bacterial enzymes, and bacterial surfactants. Moreover, a critical analysis of the most promising virulence factors is presented, highlighting their potential as targets to attenuate bacterial virulence. The ongoing progress in the field of antivirulence therapy may therefore help to translate this promising concept into real intervention strategies in clinical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nunes Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Karine Rigon Zimmer
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional do Semiárido , Campina Grande, Paraı́ba 58429-970, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silva Trentin
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
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19
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Wang X, Yan K, Ma X, Li W, Chu Y, Guo J, Li S, Zhou S, Zhu Y, Liu C. Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Protocatechuic Aldehyde and Its Major Active Metabolite Protocatechuic Acid in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:697-705. [PMID: 26969682 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A very simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL) and its active metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA). The method involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The separation was performed on a Hypersil GOLD C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 3.0 µm; particle, Thermo, USA) with isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The detection of target compounds was done by using low-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS-MS) using the selective reaction monitoring scan mode. The method was linear for all analytes over the investigated range for all correlation coefficients greater than 0.9950. The lower limits of quantification were 2.0 ng/mL for PAL and PCA. The intra- and interday precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD %) were <6.84 and 5.54%, and the accuracy (relative error, RE %) was between -2.85 and 0.74% (n = 6). The developed method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of PAL and its major active metabolite PCA in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration of PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tasly Academy, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
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20
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Miklasińska M, Kępa M, Wojtyczka RD, Idzik D, Zdebik A, Orlewska K, Wąsik TJ. Antibacterial Activity of Protocatechuic Acid Ethyl Ester on Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Strains Alone and in Combination with Antistaphylococcal Drugs. Molecules 2015; 20:13536-49. [PMID: 26213908 PMCID: PMC6332044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to examine in vitro the antibacterial activity of protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, EDHB) against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates alone and in the combination with four selected antibiotics. The EDHB antimicrobial activity was tested against twenty S. aureus strains isolated from the clinical samples, and three reference strains. The phenotypes and genotypes of resistance to methicillin for the tested strains were defined as well as the phenotypic resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB). EDHB displayed diverse activity against examined S. aureus strains with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range from 64 to 1024 µg/mL. Addition of ¼ MIC of EDHB into the Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) resulted in augmented antibacterial effect in the presence of clindamycin. In the case of cefoxitin no synergistic effect with EDHB was noted. For erythromycin and vancomycin the decrease of mean MICs in the presence of EDHB was observed but did not reach statistical significance. The results of the present study showed that in vitro EDHB possesses antibacterial activity against S. aureus clinical strains and triggers a synergistic antimicrobial effect with clindamycin and to the lesser extent with erythromycin and vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Miklasińska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kępa
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Robert D Wojtyczka
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Danuta Idzik
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Anna Zdebik
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Kamila Orlewska
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Tomasz J Wąsik
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Pharmacological properties of protocatechuic Acid and its potential roles as complementary medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:593902. [PMID: 25737736 PMCID: PMC4337037 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the reported pharmacological properties of protocatechuic acid (PCA, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid), a type of phenolic acid found in many food plants such as olives and white grapes. PCA is a major metabolite of anthocyanin. The pharmacological actions of PCA have been shown to include strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. In in vivo experiments using rats and mice, PCA has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory as well as antihyperglycemic and antiapoptotic activities. Furthermore, PCA has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis and exert proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects in different cancerous tissues. Moreover, in vitro studies have shown PCA to have antimicrobial activities and also to exert synergistic interaction with some antibiotics against resistant pathogens. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacological properties of PCA reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action which could be therapeutically useful in a clinical setting.
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Anti-trichophyton activity of protocatechuates and their synergism with fluconazole. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:957860. [PMID: 25136374 PMCID: PMC4086519 DOI: 10.1155/2014/957860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis and superficial mycosis are a major global public health problem that affects 20–25% of the world's population. The increase in fungal resistance to the commercially available antifungal agents, in conjunction with the limited spectrum of action of such drugs, emphasises the need to develop new antifungal agents. Natural products are attractive prototypes for antifungal agents due to their broad spectrum of biological activities. This study aimed to verify the antifungal activity of protocatechuic acid, 3,4-diacetoxybenzoic, and fourteen alkyl protocatechuates (3,4-dihydroxybenzoates) against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and to further assess their activities when combined with fluconazole. Susceptibility and synergism assays were conducted as described in M38-A2 (CLSI), with modifications. Three strains of Trichophyton rubrum and three strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were used in this work. The pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl protocatechuates showed great fungicidal effects, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.97 to 7.8 mg/L. Heptyl showed a synergistic activity (FIC index = 0.49), reducing the MIC of fluconazole by fourfold. All substances tested were safe, especially the hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and nonyl compounds, all of which showed a high selectivity index, particularly in combination with fluconazole. These ester associations with fluconazole may represent a promising source of prototypes in the search for anti-Trichophyton therapeutic agents.
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Kang Z, Zhu H, Jiang W, Zhang S. Protocatechuic acid induces angiogenesis through PI3K-Akt-eNOS-VEGF signalling pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:221-7. [PMID: 23738793 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to elucidate whether protocatechuic acid contributes to induce angiogenesis as well as its mechanisms. To this end, we examined the role of protocatechuic acid on human brain microvascular endothelial cell line (HBMEC) proliferation, invasion and tube formation in in vitro. For the study of mechanisms involved, the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt inhibitor LY294002, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NAME, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), antagonist sFlt-1 and VEGF receptor blocker SU-1498 were used. Proliferation of HBMEC was tested by MTT. Scratch adhesion test was used to assess the ability of invasion. A Matrigel tube formation assay was performed to test capillary tube formation ability. PI3K-Akt-eNOS-VEGF pathway activation in HBMEC was tested by Western blot. Our data suggested that protocatechuic acid induces angiogenesis in vitro by increasing proliferation, invasion and tube formation. VEGF expression was increasing by protocatechuic acid and counteracted by VEGF antagonist sFlt-1, LY294002 and L-NAME in HBMEC. Tube formation was increased by protocatechuic acid and counteracted by VEGF receptor blocker-SU1498, LY294002 and L-NAME. These data suggest that protocatechuic acid may be a candidate therapy for stroke recovery by promoting angiogenesis via a programmed PI3K/Akt/eNOS/VEGF signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechun Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Material Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Barahuie F, Hussein MZ, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S, Zainal Z. Preparation and controlled-release studies of a protocatechuic acid-magnesium/aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1975-87. [PMID: 23737666 PMCID: PMC3669093 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study reported here, magnesium/aluminum (Mg/Al)-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was intercalated with an anticancer drug, protocatechuic acid, using ion-exchange and direct coprecipitation methods, with the resultant products labeled according to the method used to produce them: "PANE" (ie, protocatechuic acid-Mg/Al nanocomposite synthesized using the ion-exchange method) and "PAND" (ie, protocatechuic acid-Mg/Al nanocomposite synthesized using the direct method), respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the intercalation of protocatechuic acid into the inter-galleries of Mg/Al-LDH. The protocatechuic acid between the interlayers of PANE and PAND was found to be a monolayer, with an angle from the z-axis of 8° for PANE and 15° for PAND. Thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that the thermal stability of protocatechuic acid was markedly enhanced upon intercalation. The loading of protocatechuic acid in PANE and PAND was estimated to be about 24.5% and 27.5% (w/w), respectively. The in vitro release study of protocatechuic acid from PANE and PAND in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4, 5.3, and 4.8 revealed that the nanocomposites had a sustained release property. After 72 hours incubation of PANE and PAND with MCF-7 human breast cancer and HeLa human cervical cancer cell lines, it was found that the nanocomposites had suppressed the growth of these cancer cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 35.6 μg/mL for PANE and 36.0 μg/mL for PAND for MCF-7 cells, and 19.8 μg/mL for PANE and 30.3 μg/mL for PAND for HeLa cells. No half maximal inhibitory concentration for either nanocomposite was found for 3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Barahuie
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Bisignano C, Filocamo A, La Camera E, Zummo S, Fera MT, Mandalari G. Antibacterial activities of almond skins on cagA-positive and-negative clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:103. [PMID: 23659287 PMCID: PMC3654990 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is known to be a gastric pathogen of humans. Eradication regimens for H. pylori infection have some side effects, compliance problems, relapses, and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the need for alternative therapies for H. pylori infections is of special interest. We have previously shown that polyphenols from almond skins are active against a range of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of natural almond skins before and after simulated human digestion and the pure flavonoid compounds epicatechin, naringenin and protocatechuic acid against H. pylori. RESULTS H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsy samples following standard microbiology procedures. Also, cagA and vacA genes were identified using PCR. Susceptibility studies on 34 strains of H. pylori, including two reference strains (ATCC 43504, ATCC 49503), were performed by the standard agar dilution method. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenols from almond skins were effective in vitro against H. pylori, irrespective of genotype status and could therefore be used in combination with antibiotics as a novel strategy for antibiotic resistance.
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Protocatechuic acid suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse allergic asthma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:780-8. [PMID: 23357785 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been isolated from the leaves of ilex chinenses and has numerous pharmacologic effects, including anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities. This study aims to evaluate the antiasthma activity of PCA and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin (OVA).Then mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with PCA 1h before OVA challenge. We found that PCA treatment at 15 or 30 mg/kg significantly decreased OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine. Type 2 helper T cell (Th2) cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), and serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, were also reduced by PCA. Moreover treatment with PCA markedly decreased the number of inflammatory cells in BALF and attenuated OVA-induced mRNA expression of CCl11, CCR3, Muc5ac, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), chitinase 3-like protein 4 (Ym2) and E-selectin in lung tissues, lung histopathological studies showed that PCA inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion compared with the OVA-induced mice group. We then investigated the possible molecular mechanisms which might be implicated in PCA activity. Our results suggested that the protective effect of PCA might be mediated by the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation.
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Wei M, Chu X, Jiang L, Yang X, Cai Q, Zheng C, Ci X, Guan M, Liu J, Deng X. Protocatechuic Acid Attenuates Lipolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Inflammation 2012; 35:1169-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Williams KM, Martin WE, Smith J, Williams BS, Garner BL. Production of protocatechuic acid in Bacillus Thuringiensis ATCC33679. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3765-3772. [PMID: 22489181 PMCID: PMC3317741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid, or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, is produced by both soil and marine bacteria in the free form and as the iron binding component of the siderophore petrobactin. The soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ATCC 33679, contains the asb operon, but does not produce petrobactin. Iron restriction resulted in diminished B. thuringiensis kurstaki ATCC 33679 growth and the production of catechol(s). The gene product responsible for protocatechuic acid (asbF) and its receptor (fatB) were expressed during stationary phase growth. Gene expression varied with growth temperature, with optimum levels occurring well below the Bacillus anthracis virulence temperature of 37 °C. Regulation of protocatechuic acid suggests a possible role for this compound during soil growth cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimtrele M. Williams
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
| | - William E. Martin
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
| | - Justin Smith
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
| | - Baraka S. Williams
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Bianca L. Garner
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS 39174, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.W.); (W.E.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-601-977-7933; Fax: +1-601-977-7898
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In vitro efficacy of diallyl sulfides against the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2397-407. [PMID: 22330917 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00020-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro antibacterial effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against the Gram-negative periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the key etiologic agent of the severe form of localized aggressive periodontitis and other nonoral infections, were studied. A. actinomycetemcomitans was treated with garlic extract, allicin, or DAS, and the anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans effects of the treatment were evaluated. Garlic extract, allicin, and DAS significantly inhibited the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans (greater than 3 log; P < 0.01) compared to control cells. Heat inactivation of the garlic extracts significantly reduced the protein concentration; however, the antimicrobial effect was retained. Purified proteins from garlic extract did not exhibit antimicrobial activity. Allicin lost all its antimicrobial effect when it was subjected to heat treatment, whereas DAS demonstrated an antimicrobial effect similar to that of the garlic extract, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of garlic extract is mainly due to DAS. An A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm-killing assay performed with DAS showed a significant reduction in biofilm cell numbers, as evidenced by both confocal microscopy and culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of DAS-treated A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms showed alterations of colony architecture indicating severe stress. Flow cytometry analysis of OBA9 cells did not demonstrate apoptosis or cell cycle arrest at therapeutic concentrations of DAS (0.01 and 0.1 μg/ml). DAS-treated A. actinomycetemcomitans cells demonstrated complete inhibition of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) activity. However, OBA9 cells, when exposed to DAS at similar concentrations, showed no significant differences in GST activity, suggesting that DAS-induced GST inhibition might be involved in A. actinomycetemcomitans cell death. These findings demonstrate that DAS exhibits significant antibacterial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans and that this property might be utilized for exploring its therapeutic potential in treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated oral and nonoral infections.
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Chen XH, Xia LX, Zhou HB, Qiu GZ. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Russula griseocarnosa sp. nov. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6966-6971. [PMID: 20429560 DOI: 10.1021/jf1011775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pileus and stipe of mushroom Russula griseocarnosa from South China were analyzed separately for chemical composition and antioxidant activities. The wild mushroom species proved to have antioxidant potential, using assays of reducing power, chelating effect on ferrous ions, scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radicals, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The mushroom contained very useful phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, ergosterol, and beta-carotene. The phenolic composition of R. griseocarnosa was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The major component in R. griseocarnosa was quercetin (95.82 microg/g). The combination of bioactive substances and rich nutritional composition (high contents in protein and carbohydrates, low content in fat) in the mushroom should be useful to consumers in encouraging them to utilize the nutritive potential of this edible wild mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Chen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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Mao C, Wan J, Chen H, Xu H, Yang X. The composition of oil phase modulates venous irritation of lipid emulsion-loaded diallyl trisulfide. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:698-704. [PMID: 20050725 DOI: 10.3109/03639040903449746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, a nanoemulsion system (LE) was investigated for intravenous delivery of diallyl trisulfide (DT), which was a lipophilic and venous irritant drug for systemic therapy of bacterial and fungal infection. METHODS Egg phospholipid was chosen as the only emulsifier, soybean oil, medium chain triglyceride (MCT), and olive oil were used as the oil phases, forming stable DT LEs (o/w) with small particle sizes. The venous irritation of DT LEs was evaluated by in vitro human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUV-EC CRL 1730) tolerance model with the intracellular ATP and GTP concentrations as the indices. RESULTS The intracellular ATP and GTP reduction changed with the incorporation of a variety of oils, which were strongly related with the free DT concentration of DT LEs. DISCUSSION It was deduced that the free DT concentrations of LEs made of various oils depended on the particle sizes of the DT LEs. In conclusion, the oil phases modulated the free DT concentrations by forming DT LEs with different particle sizes, and optimization of the oil phase was an effective method to alleviate the venous irritation of DT LEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Mao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Lin CY, Huang CS, Huang CY, Yin MC. Anticoagulatory, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative effects of protocatechuic acid in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6661-6667. [PMID: 19722571 DOI: 10.1021/jf9015202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Content of protocatechuic acid (PA) in eight locally available fresh fruits was analyzed, and the protective effects of this compound in diabetic mice were examined. PA at 1%, 2%, and 4% was supplied to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. PA treatments significantly lowered plasma glucose and increased insulin levels. PA treatments at 2% and 4% significantly lowered plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and fibrinogen level; increased plasma activity of antithrombin-III and protein C; decreased triglyceride content in plasma, heart, and liver; elevated glutathione level and the retention of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in heart and kidney. PA treatments at 2% and 4% also significantly lowered plasma C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor levels and reduced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in heart and kidney. These results support that protocatechuic acid could attenuate diabetic complications via its triglyceride-lowering, anticoagulatory, antioxidative, and antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung County, Taiwan, ROC
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Mao C, Wan J, Chen H, Xu H, Yang X. Emulsifiers' composition modulates venous irritation of the nanoemulsions as a lipophilic and venous irritant drug delivery system. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1058-64. [PMID: 19669895 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a nanoemulsion (NE) system was investigated for intravenous delivery of lipophilic and venous irritant drugs. NEs were prepared to deliver diallyl trisulfide (DT) for systemic therapy of bacterial and fungal infection, egg phospholipid was chosen as the main emulsifier, and two co-emulsifiers were also incorporated, including Poloxamer 188 (P188) and Solutol HS 15 (S15). Soybean oil was used as the dispersed phases, forming stable DT NEs with small particle sizes. The venous irritation of DT NEs was evaluated by in vitro human umbilical cord endothelial cells (CRL 1730) compatibility model with the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentrations as the indices. The intracellular ATP and GTP reduction changed with the incorporation of a variety of co-emulsifiers, which varied in a free DT concentration-dependent manner. It was deduced that the free DT concentrations of NEs containing co-emulsifiers were determined by the partition coefficient of DT between oil and surfactant buffer solution. In conclusion, NE was an appropriate delivery system for lipophilic and venous irritant drug, and optimization of the composition of emulsifiers was an effective method to alleviate the venous irritation of DT NEs.
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Yin MC, Lin CC, Wu HC, Tsao SM, Hsu CK. Apoptotic effects of protocatechuic acid in human breast, lung, liver, cervix, and prostate cancer cells: potential mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6468-6473. [PMID: 19601677 DOI: 10.1021/jf9004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) at 1, 2, 4, 8 micromol/L on human breast cancer MCF7 cell, lung cancer A549 cell, HepG2 cell, cervix HeLa cell, and prostate cancer LNCaP cell were examined. Results showed that PCA concentration-dependently decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, enhanced DNA fragmentation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and lowered Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity for these cancer cells (P < 0.05). PCA also concentration-dependently elevated caspase-3 activity in five cancer cells (P < 0.05), but this agent at 2-8 micromol/L significantly increased caspase-8 activity (P < 0.05). PCA concentration-dependently decreased intercellular adhesion molecule level in test cancer cells (P < 0.05) but significantly inhibited cell adhesion at 2-8 micromol/L (P < 0.05). PCA also concentration-dependently lowered the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in five cancer cells (P < 0.05), but this agent at 2-8 micromol/L significantly suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor production (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that PCA is a potent anticancer agent to cause apoptosis or retard invasion and metastasis in these five cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chao CY, Yin MC. Antibacterial effects of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid in ground beef and apple juice. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:201-6. [PMID: 19099360 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial effects of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and protocatechuic acid against food spoilage bacteria Salmonella typhimurium DT104, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were examined. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and protocatechuic acid against these bacteria were in the range of 112-144, 72-96, and 24-44 microg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic acid content in roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts was 2.8 +/- 0.7 and 11.9 +/- 1.2 mg/g, respectively. Antibacterial activity of roselle calyx ethanol extract and protocatechuic acid was not affected by heat treatments from 25 degrees to 75 degrees C and 25 degrees to 100 degrees C, respectively. After 3 days storage at 25 degrees C, the addition of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects against test bacteria in ground beef and apple juice, in which the roselle calyx ethanol extract showed greater antibacterial effects than the aqueous extract. These data suggest that roselle calyx ethanol extract and protocatechuic acid might be potent agents as food additives to prevent contamination from these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung County, Taiwan
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