1
|
Farag SA, El-Keredy A, Abd El Gawad SA, Swelum AA, Tellez-Isaias G, Abouzeid AE. Impacts of willow (Salix babylonica L.) leaf extract on growth, cecal microbial population, and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103386. [PMID: 38176372 PMCID: PMC10805942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation examined the use of willow leaf extract (WLE) on broiler chickens, examining carcass characteristics, cecal microbiota, antioxidants, and blood parameters. In 4 groups of 300 chicks, a basal diet was given for 5 wk, and the first treatment was basal diet (C). The diets for the remaining 3 treatments (WLE150, WLE300, and WLE450) contained 150, 300, and 450 mg of willow leaf extract /kg, respectively. The study found that birds fed willow leaf extract supplements had significantly greater body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and enhanced feed conversion ratio (FCR) vs. the control group. Birds fed at 450 mg/kg food showed the greatest growth features, carcass weight, liver weight, lower abdominal fat, better low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, and highest hematological characteristics. Chickens fed diets supplemented with varied doses of willow leaf extract showed significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity, with higher amounts of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and lower malondialdehyde (MDA). However, in the study, birds fed a diet supplemented with 450 mg of willow leaf extract per kg meal showed a significant drop of 13.02%, which found no significant variations in hazardous bacteria (Escherichia coli) across 2 treatments (WLE150 and WLE300). In addition, the study discovered that birds fed with varied doses of willow leaf extract had fewer cecum infections (Staphylococci aureus). We conclude that using willow at a level of 450 mg/kg diet can significantly enhance the BWG, FCR, antioxidant levels and beneficial bacteria activity besides the condition of broiler chicken's general health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Farag
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amira El-Keredy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sally A Abd El Gawad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Adel E Abouzeid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The natural product salicin alleviates osteoarthritis progression by binding to IRE1α and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through the IRE1α-IκBα-p65 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1927-1939. [PMID: 36357568 PMCID: PMC9722708 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in older populations, disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) are still lacking. This study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the small molecular drug salicin (SA) on OA progression. Primary rat chondrocytes were stimulated with TNF-α and treated with or without SA. Inflammatory factors, cartilage matrix degeneration markers, and cell proliferation and apoptosis markers were detected at the mRNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by EdU assays or flow cytometric analysis. RNA sequencing, molecular docking and drug affinity-responsive target stability analyses were used to clarify the mechanisms. The rat OA model was used to evaluate the effect of intra-articular injection of SA on OA progression. We found that SA rescued TNF-α-induced degeneration of the cartilage matrix, inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation, and promotion of chondrocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, SA directly binds to IRE1α and occupies the IRE1α phosphorylation site, preventing IRE1α phosphorylation and regulating IRE1α-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by IRE1α-IκBα-p65 signaling. Finally, intra-articular injection of SA-loaded lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) ameliorated OA progression by inhibiting IRE1α-mediated ER stress in the OA model. In conclusion, SA alleviates OA by directly binding to the ER stress regulator IRE1α and inhibits IRE1α-mediated ER stress via IRE1α-IκBα-p65 signaling. Topical use of the small molecular drug SA shows potential to modify OA progression.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Liu C, Xi D, Bi H, Cui Z, Zhuang Y, Yin H, Liu T. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for High-Level Production of Salicin. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33147-33155. [PMID: 36157746 PMCID: PMC9494424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salicin is a notable phenolic glycoside derived from plants including Salix and Populus genus and has multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic, anticancer, and antiaging effects. In this work, we engineered production of salicin from cheap renewable carbon resources in Escherichia coli (E. coli) by extending the shikimate pathway. We first investigated enzymes synthesizing salicylate from chorismate. Subsequently, carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) from different resources were screened to achieve efficient reduction of salicylate. Third, glucosyltransferases from different sources were selected for constructing cell factories of salicin. The enzymes including salicylate synthase AmS from Amycolatopsis methanolica, carboxylic acid reductase CARse from Segniliparus rotundus, and glucosyltransferase UGT71L1 from Populous trichocarpa were overexpressed in a modified E. coli strain MG1655-U7. The engineered strain produced 912.3 ± 12.7 mg/L salicin in 72 h of fermentation. These results demonstrated the production of salicin in a microorganism and laid significant foundation for its commercialization for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhang
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Daoyi Xi
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huiping Bi
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhanzhao Cui
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National
Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Balsam Poplar Buds: Extraction of Potential Phenolic Compounds with Polyethylene Glycol Aqueous Solution, Thermal Sterilization of Extracts and Challenges to Their Application in Topical Ocular Formulations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091771. [PMID: 36139845 PMCID: PMC9495353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of natural origin have been valued for their beneficial effects on health since ancient times. During our study, we performed the extraction of phenolic compounds from balsam poplar buds using different concentrations of aqueous polyethylene glycol 400 solvents (10-30% PEG400). The aqueous 30% PEG400 extract showed the best phenolic yield. The stability of the extract during autoclave sterilization was evaluated. The extract remained stable under heat sterilization. Ophthalmic formulations are formed using different concentrations (8-15%) of poloxamer 407 (P407) together with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (0.3%), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.3%) or hyaluronic acid (0.1%). Physicochemical parameters of the formulations remained significantly unchanged after sterilization. Formulations based on 12% P407 exhibited properties characteristic of in situ gels, the gelation point of the formulations was close to the temperature of the cornea. After evaluating the amount of released compounds, it was found that, as the concentration of polymers increases, the amount of released compounds decreases. Formulations based on 15% P407 released the least biologically active compounds. Sterilized formulations remained stable for 30 days.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tienaho J, Reshamwala D, Sarjala T, Kilpeläinen P, Liimatainen J, Dou J, Viherä-Aarnio A, Linnakoski R, Marjomäki V, Jyske T. Salix spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities-The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:797939. [PMID: 34976988 PMCID: PMC8716786 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that the bark of Salix L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone. Therefore, the present study aimed to obtain information on the functional profiles of northern willow clones for the use of value-added bioactive solutions. Of the 16 willow clones studied here, 12 were examples of widely distributed native Finnish willow species, including dark-leaved willow (S. myrsinifolia Salisb.) and tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia L.) (3 + 4 clones, respectively) and their natural and artificial hybrids (3 + 2 clones, respectively). The four remaining clones were commercial willow varieties from the Swedish willow breeding program. Hot water extraction of bark under mild conditions was carried out. Bioactivity assays were used to screen antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, yeasticidal, and antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenolic content of the extracts. Additionally, we introduce a fast and less labor-intensive steam-debarking method for Salix spp. feedstocks. Clonal variation was observed in the antioxidant properties of the bark extracts of the 16 Salix spp. clones. High antiviral activity against a non-enveloped enterovirus, coxsackievirus A9, was found, with no marked differences in efficacy between the native clones. All the clones also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas no antifungal (Aspergillus brasiliensis) or yeasticidal (Candida albicans) efficacy was detected. When grouping the clone extract results into Salix myrsinifolia, Salix phylicifolia, native hybrid, artificial hybrid, and commercial clones, there was a significant difference in the activities between S. phylicifolia clone extracts and commercial clone extracts in the favor of S. phylicifolia in the antibacterial and antioxidant tests. In some antioxidant tests, S. phylicifolia clone extracts were also significantly more active than artificial clone extracts. Additionally, S. myrsinifolia clone extracts showed significantly higher activities in some antioxidant tests than commercial clone extracts and artificial clone extracts. Nevertheless, the bark extracts of native Finnish willow clones showed high bioactivity. The obtained knowledge paves the way towards developing high value-added biochemicals and other functional solutions based on willow biorefinery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anneli Viherä-Aarnio
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cuesta SA, Meneses L. The Role of Organic Small Molecules in Pain Management. Molecules 2021; 26:4029. [PMID: 34279369 PMCID: PMC8271912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, a timeline starting at the willow bark and ending in the latest discoveries of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs will be discussed. Furthermore, the chemical features of the different small organic molecules that have been used in pain management will be studied. Then, the mechanism of different types of pain will be assessed, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and the relationship found between oxidative stress and pain. This will include obtaining insights into the cyclooxygenase action mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as ibuprofen and etoricoxib and the structural difference between the two cyclooxygenase isoforms leading to a selective inhibition, the action mechanism of pregabalin and its use in chronic neuropathic pain, new theories and studies on the analgesic action mechanism of paracetamol and how changes in its structure can lead to better characteristics of this drug, and cannabinoid action mechanism in managing pain through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism. Finally, an overview of the different approaches science is taking to develop more efficient molecules for pain treatment will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Cuesta
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 Apartado, Quito 17-01-2184, Ecuador
| | - Lorena Meneses
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 Apartado, Quito 17-01-2184, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saracila M, Panaite TD, Papuc CP, Criste RD. Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow ( Salix spp .) Bark Supplements-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050686. [PMID: 33925609 PMCID: PMC8146860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, and (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Saracila
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (R.D.C.)
- Faculty of Animal Production Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-351-2081
| | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Camelia Puia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Diana Criste
- National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania; (T.D.P.); (R.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adamiak K, Lewandowska K, Sionkowska A. The Infuence of Salicin on Rheological and Film-Forming Properties of Collagen. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061661. [PMID: 33809811 PMCID: PMC8002410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen films are widely used as adhesives in medicine and cosmetology. However, its properties require modification. In this work, the influence of salicin on the properties of collagen solution and films was studied. Collagen was extracted from silver carp skin. The rheological properties of collagen solutions with and without salicin were characterized by steady shear tests. Thin collagen films were prepared by solvent evaporation. The structure of films was researched using infrared spectroscopy. The surface properties of films were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Mechanical properties were measured as well. It was found that the addition of salicin modified the roughness of collagen films and their mechanical and rheological properties. The above-mentioned parameters are very important in potential applications of collagen films containing salicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamiak
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.L.)
- WellU sp.z.o.o, Wielkopolska 280, 81-531 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewandowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-6114547
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Herbal Medicine for Pain Management: Efficacy and Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020251. [PMID: 33670393 PMCID: PMC7918078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicines such as herbal medicines are not currently part of the conventional medical system. As the popularity of and global market for herbal medicine grows among all age groups, with supporting scientific data and clinical trials, specific alternative treatments such as herbal medicine can be reclassified as a practice of conventional medicine. One of the most common conditions for which adults use herbal medicine is pain. However, herbal medicines carry safety concerns and may impact the efficacy of conventional therapies. Unfortunately, mechanisms of action are poorly understood, and their use is unregulated and often underreported to medical professionals. This review aims to compile common and available herbal medicines which can be used as an alternative to or in combination with conventional pain management approaches. Efficacy and safety are assessed through clinical studies on pain relief. Ensuing herb–drug interactions such as cytochrome modulation, additive and synergistic effects, and contraindications are discussed. While self-management has been recognized as part of the overall treatment strategy for patients suffering from chronic pain, it is important for practitioners to be able to also optimize and integrate herbal medicine and, if warranted, other complementary and alternative medicines into their care.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nebbioso M, Lambiase A, Armentano M, Tucciarone G, Bonfiglio V, Plateroti R, Alisi L. The Complex Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and High-Mobility Group Box: A Review of Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080666. [PMID: 32722545 PMCID: PMC7464385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein that is part of a larger family of non-histone nuclear proteins. HMGB1 is a ubiquitary protein with different isoforms, linked to numerous physiological and pathological pathways. HMGB1 is involved in cytokine and chemokine release, leukocyte activation and migration, tumorigenesis, neoangiogenesis, and the activation of several inflammatory pathways. HMGB1 is, in fact, responsible for the trigger, among others, of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is rapidly growing in number. DR is an inflammatory disease caused by hyperglycemia, which determines the accumulation of oxidative stress and cell damage, which ultimately leads to hypoxia and neovascularization. Recent evidence has shown that hyperglycemia is responsible for the hyperexpression of HMGB1. This protein activates numerous pathways that cause the development of DR, and HMGB1 levels are constantly increased in diabetic retinas in both proliferative and non-proliferative stages of the disease. Several molecules, such as glycyrrhizin (GA), have proven effective in reducing diabetic damage to the retina through the inhibition of HMGB1. The main focus of this review is the growing amount of evidence linking HMGB1 and DR as well as the new therapeutic strategies involving this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4997-5357; Fax: +39-06-4997-5425
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Giosuè Tucciarone
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Vincenza Bonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 76, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rocco Plateroti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.); (G.T.); (R.P.); (L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ward JL, Wu Y, Harflett C, Onafuye H, Corol D, Lomax C, Macalpine WJ, Cinatl J, Wass MN, Michaelis M, Beale MH. Miyabeacin: A new cyclodimer presents a potential role for willow in cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6477. [PMID: 32296088 PMCID: PMC7160102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Willow (Salix spp.) is well known as a source of medicinal compounds, the most famous being salicin, the progenitor of aspirin. Here we describe the isolation, structure determination, and anti-cancer activity of a cyclodimeric salicinoid (miyabeacin) from S. miyabeana and S. dasyclados. We also show that the capability to produce such dimers is a heritable trait and how variation in structures of natural miyabeacin analogues is derived via cross-over Diels-Alder reactions from pools of ortho-quinol precursors. These transient ortho-quinols have a role in the, as yet uncharacterised, biosynthetic pathways around salicortin, the major salicinoid of many willow genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Claudia Harflett
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Hannah Onafuye
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Delia Corol
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - William J Macalpine
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark N Wass
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Michael H Beale
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vlachojannis C, Schoenenberger AW, Erne P, Chrubasik‐Hausmann S. Preliminary evidence of the clinical effectiveness of odourless garlic. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2179-2191. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas W. Schoenenberger
- Department of GeriatricsInselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Department of BiomedicineUniversita della Svizzera Lugano Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song Y, Tian X, Wang X, Feng H. Vascular protection of salicin on IL-1β-induced endothelial inflammatory response and damages in retinal endothelial cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1995-2002. [PMID: 31106593 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1608220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of ophthalmology, Weihai Central hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of ophthalmology, Weihai Central hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of ophthalmology, Weihai Central hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of ophthalmology, Weihai Central hospital, Weihai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Untergehrer M, Kiermaier J, Reintjes S, Heilmann J, Jürgenliemk G. Identification of phase-II metabolites from human serum samples after oral intake of a willow bark extract. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:396-402. [PMID: 30849676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willow bark (Salicis cortex) is a herbal medicinal drug used to treat fever and pain, such as headaches and lower back pain. Until now, it has not been fully understood which compounds are responsible for the efficacy of the drug. PURPOSE Although salicylic acid is known as a metabolite of salicylic alcohol derivatives of willow bark in vivo, it has been shown in previous studies that its concentration is too low to account for the overall efficacy of Salicis cortex. The aim this study was to broaden the knowledge regarding phenolic phase-II metabolites after oral intake of a willow bark extract. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Serum samples of a human pharmacokinetic study (Salicis cortex extract intake corresponding to 240 mg of total salicin, 10 volunteers, 12 h fasting time, controlled diet low in phenolics, and 12 blood withdrawals over a period of 24 h) were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS. A library of 142 possible metabolites associated with salicylic alcohol derivatives, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins was used to characterize possible metabolization products. Their structures were confirmed by LC-ESI-MS experiments with reference compounds after a cleavage reaction using glucuronidase and sulfatase as well as by LC-MS/MS experiments. RESULTS In the serum samples, phase-II metabolites of naringenin (2x glucuronides, 2x sulfates, 2x mixed glucuronide-sulfates), eriodictyol (3x glucuronides, 1x sulfate), taxifolin (1x sulfate), catechin (1x sulfate, 1x mixed glucuronide sulfate), ferulic acid (1x sulfate), hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid (1x sulfate), dihydroxyphenyl-valerolactone (1x sulfate), saligenin (1x glucuronide, 1x sulfate), salicylic acid (1x sulfate, 1x unconjugated, 1x salicyluric acid), and catechol (1x glucuronide, 1x sulfate) were characterized. Because taxifolin, dihydroxyphenyl-valerolactone, ferulic acid, and hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid could not be detected in the willow bark preparation, they could be metabolization products of genuine flavanones and flavan-3-ols as well as coumaric acid or C-ring cleavage products of flavonoids, which were present in the extract. No phase-II metabolites of procyanidins and no genuine flavonoid glycosides were detected in all serum samples. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify human metabolites of flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and salicylic alcohol derivatives of Salicis cortex beside salicylic acid or catechol. For the most characterized metabolites, anti-inflammatory activity has been described in the literature, and the present results are an important step in understanding the anti-inflammatory efficacy of willow bark in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Untergehrer
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Josef Kiermaier
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Zentrale Analytik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Reintjes
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis, the most common joint disease, is associated with substantial medical costs, lost productivity, and reduced quality of life. However, available pharmaceutical treatments have limitations in terms of efficacy and long-term safety. RECENT FINDINGS In vitro evidence suggests that some natural products may possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and may inhibit the release of key osteoarthritis-related cytokines. There is, therefore, ongoing interest in identifying natural products that safely promote joint health and treat osteoarthritis. Numerous plant extracts, including curcumin, Boswellia extract, and pycnogenol, have shown effect sizes (ES) for reducing pain and functional disability larger than those observed with analgesics and products such as glucosamine and chondroitin. The ES for methylsulfonylmethane and avocado/soybean unsaponifiables are also considered to be clinically relevant. Data from a small number of studies using natural products for treating osteoarthritis are promising but require confirmation in further well-designed clinical trials.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Eyles J, McLachlan AJ, Mobasheri A. Which supplements can I recommend to my osteoarthritis patients? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:iv75-iv87. [PMID: 29506080 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OA is a chronic and disabling joint disease with limited evidence-based pharmacological treatment options available that improve outcomes for patients safely. Faced with few effective pharmacological treatments, the use has grown of dietary supplements and complementary medicines for symptomatic relief among people living with OA. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of existing evidence and recommendations supporting the use of supplements for OA. Systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials investigating oral supplements for treating OA were identified. Limited research evidence supports recommendations for the oral use of Boswellia serrata extract and Pycnogenol, curcumin and methylsulfonylmethane in people with OA despite the poor quality of the available studies. Few studies adequately reported possible adverse effects related to supplementation, although the products were generally recognized as safe. Further high quality trials are needed to improve the strength of evidence to support this recommendation and better guide optimal treatment of people living with OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, the Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Eyles
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, the Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Physiotherapy Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Education and Research in Ageing, The University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ilkevitch A, Lawler T, Rindfleisch JA. Neck Pain. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Lemmon R, Roseen EJ. Chronic Low Back Pain. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Di Caprio R, Monfrecola G, Balato A, Balato N, Gasparri F, Micillo R, Lembo S. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of 1,2-decanediol and willow bark extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated keratinocytes. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 154:624-631. [PMID: 28712268 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,2-Decanediol (S-Mal) is an organic compound belonging to the 1,2-alkanediol family, with two hydroxyl groups located on the first and second carbon of the alkane chain, probably responsible for the enhanced anti-bacterial efficacy. The willow bark total extract (W-Mal) has been used since thousands of years as an herbal remedy for its antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. S-Mal is used in cosmetic preparations, whether W-Mal can be topically or systemically administered. Aim of our study was to evaluate in vitro the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of S-Mal and W-Mal, singularly or in combination, in LPS-stimulated keratinocytes. METHODS The possible toxic effect of S-Mal and W-Mal was assessed through analysis of cell viability 24 hours after treatment. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β production as well as cellular antioxidants (GSH and NADPH) consumption, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, after LPS stimulation. RESULTS Both substances resulted able to: 1) increase cell viability (P<0.05); 2) decrease the release of inflammatory mediators (IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β) (P<0.05 - P<0.001); and 3) limit the depletion of cellular antioxidants (GSH and NADPH) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS S-Mal and W-Mal have shown a potential cytoprotective activity when used together, and good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects when used either singularly or in combination. In light of our results, S-Mal and W-Mal could represent effective and safe options in the management of bacterial-induced or aggravated skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Di Caprio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy -
| | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Gasparri
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raffaella Micillo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nutraceutical/Alternative Remedies in the Management of OA. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-017-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010070. [PMID: 28275210 PMCID: PMC5295114 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have in common an upsurge of inflammation, and oxidative stress, resulting in progressive histological alterations and disabling symptoms. Currently used conventional medication (ranging from pain-killers to biological agents) is potent, but frequently associated with serious, even life-threatening side effects. Used for millennia in traditional herbalism, medicinal plants are a promising alternative, with lower rate of adverse events and efficiency frequently comparable with that of conventional drugs. Nevertheless, their mechanism of action is in many cases elusive and/or uncertain. Even though many of them have been proven effective in studies done in vitro or on animal models, there is a scarcity of human clinical evidence. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available scientific information on the following joint-friendly medicinal plants, which have been tested in human studies: Arnica montana, Boswellia spp., Curcuma spp., Equisetum arvense, Harpagophytum procumbens, Salix spp., Sesamum indicum, Symphytum officinalis, Zingiber officinalis, Panax notoginseng, and Whitania somnifera.
Collapse
|
22
|
Agathokleous E, Paoletti E, Saitanis CJ, Manning WJ, Sugai T, Koike T. Impacts of ethylenediurea (EDU) soil drench and foliar spray in Salix sachalinensis protection against O 3-induced injury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1053-1062. [PMID: 27607908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that elevated levels of surface ozone (O3) negatively affect plants. Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a synthetic substance which effectively protects plants against O3-caused phytotoxicity. Among other questions, the one still open is: which EDU application method is more appropriate for treating fast-growing tree species. The main aims of this study were: (i) to test if chronic exposure of Salix sachalinensis plants to 200-400mgEDUL-1, the usually applied range for protection against O3 phytotoxicity, is beneficial to plants; (ii) to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to elevated O3 on S. sachalinensis; (iii) to assess the efficacy of two methods (i.e. soil drench and foliar spray) of EDU application to plants; (iv) to investigate the appropriate concentration of EDU to protect against elevated O3-induced damage in S. sachalinensis; and (v) to compare the two methods of EDU application in terms of effectiveness and EDU consumption. Current-year cuttings grown in infertile soil free from organic matter were exposed either to low ambient O3 (AOZ, 10-h≈28.3nmolmol-1) or to elevated O3 (EOZ, 10-h≈65.8nmolmol-1) levels during daylight hours. Over the growing season, plants were treated every nine days with 200mL soil drench of 0, 200 or 400mgEDUL-1 or with foliar spray of 0, 200 or 400mgEDUL-1 (in two separate experiments). We found that EDU per se had no effects on plants exposed to AOZ. EOZ practically significantly injured S. sachalinensis plants, and the impact was indifferent between the experiments. EDU did not protect plants against EOZ impact when applied as soil drench but it did protect them when applied as 200-400mgL-1 foliar spray. We conclude that EDU may be more effective against O3 phytotoxicity to fast-growing species when applied as a spray than when applied as a drench. Keymessage: Soil-drenched EDU was ineffective in protecting willow plants against O3-induced injury, whereas foliar-sprayed EDU was effective even at the concentration of 200mgL-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Tetsuto Sugai
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schaffer SD, Curry K, Yoon SJ. Herbal supplements used to treat common chronic conditions. Nurse Pract 2016; 41:26-33. [PMID: 27764065 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000502793.50737.2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is part 2 of a three-part series designed to provide clinicians with a working knowledge of the use of herbal supplements for health and disease states. Part 2 of the series focuses on the efficacy of herbal supplements used in the treatment of common chronic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Schaffer
- Saun-Joo Yoon is an associate professor at the University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, Fla. Susan D. Schaffer is a clinical associate professor at the University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, Fla. Kim Curry is a clinical associate professor at the University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, Fla
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Impact of Cocoa Flavanols on Cardiovascular Health. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1641-1657. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
25
|
Vlachojannis C, Al-Ahmad A, Hellwig E, Chrubasik S. Listerine® Products: An Update on the Efficacy and Safety. Phytother Res 2016; 30:367-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Vlachojannis
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Center for Dental Medicine
| | - A. Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Center for Dental Medicine
| | - E. Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; Center for Dental Medicine
| | - S. Chrubasik
- Institute of Forensic Medicine; Albert-Ludwigs-University; Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shara M, Stohs SJ. Efficacy and Safety of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1112-6. [PMID: 25997859 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Willow bark extract has been used for thousands of years as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. In spite of its long history of use, relatively few human and animal studies have been published that confirm anecdotal observations. A small number of clinical studies have been conducted that support the use of willow bark extracts in chronic lower back and joint pain and osteoarthritis. Willow bark extracts also are widely used in sports performance and weight loss products presumably because of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, although no human studies have been published that specifically and directly document beneficial effects. In recent years, various in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of willow bark extract is associated with down regulation of the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-kappa B. Although willow bark extracts are generally standardized to salicin, other ingredients in the extracts including other salicylates as well as polyphenols, and flavonoids may also play prominent roles in the therapeutic actions. Adverse effects appear to be minimal as compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including aspirin. The primary cause for concern may relate to allergic reactions in salicylate-sensitive individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Sidney J Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68168, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Efficacy and safety of pomegranate medicinal products for cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:258598. [PMID: 25815026 PMCID: PMC4359844 DOI: 10.1155/2015/258598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate potent effects of pomegranate preparations in cancer cell lines and animal models with chemically induced cancers. We have carried out one systematic review of the effectiveness of pomegranate products in the treatment of cancer and another on their safety. The PubMed search provided 162 references for pomegranate and cancer and 122 references for pomegranate and safety/toxicity. We identified 4 clinical studies investigating 3 pomegranate products, of which one was inappropriate because of the low polyphenol content. The evidence of clinical effectiveness was poor because the quality of the studies was poor. Although there is no concern over safety with the doses used in the clinical studies, pomegranate preparations may be harmful by inducing synthetic drug metabolism through activation of liver enzymes. We have analysed various pomegranate products for their content of anthocyanins, punicalagin, and ellagic acid in order to compare them with the benchmark doses from published data. If the amount of coactive constituents is not declared, patients risk not benefiting from the putative pomegranate effects. Moreover, pomegranate end products are affected by many determinants. Their declaration should be incorporated into the regulatory guidance and controlled before pomegranate products enter the market.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vlachojannis C, Erne P, Schoenenberger AW, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. A Critical Evaluation of the Clinical Evidence for Pomegranate Preparations in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Phytother Res 2015; 29:501-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vlachojannis
- Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 9 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Paul Erne
- Hirslanden Klinik St. Anna; St. Annastr. 32 CH 6006 Luzern Switzerland
| | - Andreas W. Schoenenberger
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; 3010 Bern Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ishikado A, Sono Y, Matsumoto M, Robida-Stubbs S, Okuno A, Goto M, King GL, Keith Blackwell T, Makino T. Willow bark extract increases antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 in vascular endothelial cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1506-1515. [PMID: 23277146 PMCID: PMC3800243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Willow bark extract (WBE) is listed in the European Pharmacopoeia and has been traditionally used for treating fever, pain, and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated its clinical usefulness. This study investigated the antioxidative effects of WBE in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Caenorhabditis elegans. WBE prevented oxidative-stress-induced cytotoxicity of HUVECs and death of C. elegans. WBE dose-dependently increased mRNA and protein expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes heme oxygenase-1, γ-glutamylcysteine ligase modifier and catalytic subunits, and p62 and intracellular glutathione (GSH) in HUVECs. In the nematode C. elegans, WBE increased the expression of the gcs-1::green fluorescent protein reporter, a well-characterized target of the Nrf2 ortholog SKN-1, in a manner that was SKN-1-dependent. WBE increased intranuclear expression and DNA binding of Nrf2 and the activity of an antioxidant response element (ARE) reporter plasmid in HUVECs. WBE-induced expression of Nrf2-regulated genes and increased GSH levels in HUVECs were reduced by Nrf2 and p38 small interfering (si) RNAs and by the p38-specific inhibitor SB203580. Nrf2 siRNA reduced the cytoprotective effect of WBE against oxidative stress in HUVECs. Salicin, a major anti-inflammatory ingredient of WBE, failed to activate ARE-luciferase activity, whereas a salicin-free WBE fraction showed intensive activity. WBE induced antioxidant enzymes and prevented oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 independent of salicin, providing a new potential explanation for the clinical usefulness of WBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Sono
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan
| | | | - Stacey Robida-Stubbs
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aya Okuno
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan
| | - Masashi Goto
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan
| | - George L King
- Section on Vascular Cell Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nieman DC, Shanely RA, Luo B, Dew D, Meaney MP, Sha W. A commercialized dietary supplement alleviates joint pain in community adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial. Nutr J 2013; 12:154. [PMID: 24274358 PMCID: PMC4176106 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 8-weeks ingestion of a commercialized joint pain dietary supplement (Instaflex™ Joint Support, Direct Digital, Charlotte, NC) compared to placebo on joint pain, stiffness, and function in adults with self-reported joint pain. Instaflex™ is a joint pain supplement containing glucosamine sulfate, methylsufonlylmethane (MSM), white willow bark extract (15% salicin), ginger root concentrate, boswella serrata extract (65% boswellic acid), turmeric root extract, cayenne, and hyaluronic acid. METHODS Subjects included 100 men and women, ages 50-75 years, with a history (>3 months) of joint pain, and were randomized to Instaflex™ or placebo (3 colored gel capsules per day for 8 weeks, double-blind administration). Subjects agreed to avoid the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and all other medications and supplements targeted for joint pain. Primary outcome measures were obtained pre- and post-study and included joint pain severity, stiffness, and function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities [WOMAC]), and secondary outcome measures included health-related quality of life (Short Form 36 or SF-36), systemic inflammation (serum C-reactive protein and 9 plasma cytokines), and physical function (6-minute walk test). Joint pain symptom severity was assessed bi-weekly using a 12-point Likert visual scale (12-VS). RESULTS Joint pain severity was significantly reduced in Instaflex™ compared to placebo (8-week WOMAC, ↓37% versus ↓16%, respectively, interaction effect P = 0.025), with group differences using the 12-VS emerging by week 4 of the study (interaction effect, P = 0.0125). Improvements in ability to perform daily activities and stiffness scores in Instaflex™ compared to placebo were most evident for the 74% of subjects reporting knee pain (8-week WOMAC function score, ↓39% versus ↓14%, respectively, interaction effect P = 0.027; stiffness score, ↓30% versus ↓12%, respectively, interaction effect P = 0.081). Patterns of change in SF-36, systemic inflammation biomarkers, and the 6-minute walk test did not differ significantly between groups during the 8-week study CONCLUSIONS Results from this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled community trial support the use of the Instaflex™ dietary supplement in alleviating joint pain severity in middle-aged and older adults, with mitigation of difficulty performing daily activities most apparent in subjects with knee pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - R Andrew Shanely
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Beibei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Dustin Dew
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mary Pat Meaney
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vlachojannis C, Magora F, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. Pro and contra duration restriction of treatment with willow bark extract. Phytother Res 2013; 28:148-9. [PMID: 23703781 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Vlachojannis
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vlachojannis J, Magora F, Chrubasik S. Willow species and aspirin: different mechanism of actions. Phytother Res 2012; 25:1102-4. [PMID: 21226125 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many believe that willow is the natural source of aspirin. However, willow species contain only a low quantity of the prodrug salicin which is metabolized during absorption into various salicylate derivatives. If calculated as salicylic acid, the daily salicin dose is insufficient to produce analgesia. Salicylic acid concentrations following an analgesic dose of aspirin are an order of magnitude higher. Flavonoids and polyphenols contribute to the potent willow bark analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The multi-component active principle of willow bark provides a broader mechanism of action than aspirin and is devoid of serious adverse events. In contrast to synthetic aspirin, willow bark does not damage the gastrointestinal mucosa. An extract dose with 240 mg salicin had no major impact on blood clotting. In patients with known aspirin allergy willow bark products are contraindicated.
Collapse
|
33
|
Whiting S, Derbyshire E, Tiwari B. Capsaicinoids and capsinoids. A potential role for weight management? A systematic review of the evidence. Appetite 2012; 59:341-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
34
|
Freischmidt A, Jürgenliemk G, Kraus B, Okpanyi SN, Müller J, Kelber O, Weiser D, Heilmann J. Contribution of flavonoids and catechol to the reduction of ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by a standardised Willow bark extract. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:245-252. [PMID: 21982436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A quantified aqueous Willow bark extract (STW 33-I) was tested concerning its inhibitory activity on TNF-α induced ICAM-1 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and further fractionated to isolate the active compounds. RESULTS At 50 μg/ml the extract, which had been prepared from Salix purpurea L., decreased ICAM-1 expression to 40% compared to control cells without showing cytotoxic effects. Further liquid-liquid partition revealed an ethyl acetate phase with potent reduction of ICAM-1 expression to 40% at 8 μg/ml. This fraction was comprehensively characterised by the isolation of flavanone aglyca and their corresponding glycosides, chalcone glycosides, salicin derivatives, cyclohexane-1,2-diol glycosides, catechol and trans-p-coumaric acid. All compounds were investigated for their activity on TNF-α induced ICAM-1 expression. The flavonoid and chalcone glycosides were not active up to 50 μM, whereas catechol and eriodictyol at the same concentration showed a significant reduction of ICAM-1 expression to 50% of control. Interestingly, other isolated flavanone aglyca like taxifolin, dihydrokaempferol and naringenin showed only weak or moderate inhibitory activity. Eriodictyol was a minor compound in the extract, whereas the catechol content in the extract (without excipients) reached 2.3%, determined by HPLC. One of the isolated cyclohexan-1,2-diol glucosides, 6'-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-grandidentin, is a new natural compound. CONCLUSION As catechol is quantitatively important in Willow bark extracts it can be concluded from the in vitro data that not only flavonoids and salicin derivatives, but also catechol can probably contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Willow bark extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Freischmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neck Pain. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Roze LV, Koptina AV, Laivenieks M, Beaudry RM, Jones DA, Kanarsky AV, Linz JE. Willow volatiles influence growth, development, and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus parasiticus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:359-70. [PMID: 21614501 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin and the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen in many animals. Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed crops causes a significant global burden on human and animal health. However, available methods to eliminate aflatoxin from food and feed are not fully effective. Our goal is to discover novel, efficient, and practical methods to control aflatoxin contamination in crops during storage. In the present study, we tested the effect of volatiles produced by willow (Salix acutifolia and Salix babylonica) and maple (Acer saccharinum) bark on fungal growth, development, and aflatoxin production by the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus, one economically important aflatoxin producer. S. acutifolia bark volatiles nearly eliminated aflatoxin accumulation (>90% reduction) by A. parasiticus grown on a minimal agar medium. The decrease in aflatoxin accumulation correlated with a twofold reduction in ver-1 (encodes a middle aflatoxin pathway enzyme) transcript level. Expression data also indicate that one histone H4 acetyltransferase, MYST3, may play a role in epigenetic control of aflatoxin gene transcription in response to volatile exposure. Volatiles derived from wood bark samples also increased fungal growth up to 20% and/or enhanced conidiospore development. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of bark samples identified sets of shared and unique volatile compounds that may mediate the observed regulatory effects on growth, development, and aflatoxin synthesis. This work provides an experimental basis for the use of willow industry by-products to control aflatoxin contamination in food and feed crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V Roze
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Michigan State University, 227 GM Trout Bldg, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicine interventions have been identified as having potential benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVES To update an existing systematic (Cochrane) review of herbal therapies in RA. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched electronic databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dissertation Abstracts (1996 to 2009), unrestricted by language, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform in October 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of herbal interventions compared with placebo or active controls in RA. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors selected trials for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Twelve new studies were added to the update, a total of 22 studies were included.Evidence from seven studies indicate potential benefits of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) from evening primrose oil, borage seed oil, or blackcurrent seed oil, in terms of reduced pain intensity (mean difference (MD) -32.83 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) -56.25 to -9.42,100 point pain scale); improved disability (MD -15.75% 95% CI -27.06 to -4.44%); and an increase in adverse events (GLA 20% versus placebo 3%), that was not statistically different (relative risk 4.24, 95% CI 0.78 to 22.99).Three studies compared Tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god vine) to placebo and one to sulfasalazine and indicated improvements in some outcomes, but data could not be pooled due to differing interventions, comparisons and outcomes. One study reported serious side effects with oral Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. In the follow-up studies, all side effects were mild to moderate and resolved after the intervention ceased. Two studies compared Phytodolor(®) N to placebo but poor reporting limited data extraction. The remaining studies each considered differing herbal interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Several herbal interventions are inadequately justified by single studies or non-comparable studies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. There is moderate evidence that oils containing GLA (evening primrose, borage, or blackcurrant seed oil) afford some benefit in relieving symptoms for RA, while evidence for Phytodolor® N is less convincing.Tripterygium wilfordii products may reduce some RA symptoms, however, oral use may be associated with several side effects. Many trials of herbal therapies are hampered by research design flaws and inadequate reporting. Further investigation of each herbal therapy is warranted, particularly via well designed, fully powered, confirmatory clinical trials that use American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria to measure outcomes and report results according to CONSORT guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melainie Cameron
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, McAuley at Banyo, 1100 Nudgee Road, Banyo, QLD, Australia, 4014
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chrubasik C, Li G, Chrubasik S. The clinical effectiveness of chokeberry: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1107-14. [PMID: 20572194 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Products derived from the black chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, are claimed to be beneficial in disorders or diseases associated with oxidative stress. The claims are based on evidence from in vitro studies and animal experiments. The active principle--a mixture of procyanidins, anthocyanins and phenolic acids--constitutes one of the most potent natural antioxidants. A systematic review was carried out of the quality of the clinical trials on chokeberry products that had been published up to December 2009, and conventionally established criteria were used to assess the strength of the evidence for their clinical effectiveness. Thirteen studies were identified. The quality of most of the trials and, correspondingly, the evidence of effectiveness for Aronia products is poor. Though laboratory and clinical data indicate that chokeberry products may well be useful as 'functional food' for disorders or diseases related to oxidative stress, these promising indications need to be confirmed in more rigorous studies before putative therapeutic uses can be confidently recommended for chokeberry products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chrubasik
- Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|