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Gao H, Fang B, Sun Z, Du X, Guo H, Zhao L, Zhang M. Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Learning and Memory in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1067-1081. [PMID: 38112024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a major human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) that is abundantly present in breast milk and has been demonstrated to exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the role of 2'-FL and HMO in gut microbiota modulation in relation to AD remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the preventive effect of the 2'-FL and HMO impact of AD and the relevant mechanism involved. Here, the behavioral results showed that 2'-FL and HMO intervention decreased the expression of Tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ), inhibited neuroinflammation, and restored cognitive impairment in AD mice. The metagenomic analysis proved that 2'-FL and HMO intervention restored the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AD. Notably, 2'-FL and HMO intervention significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Clostridium and Akkermansia. The metabolomics results showed that 2'-FL and HMO enhanced the oleoyl-l-carnitine metabolism as potential drivers. More importantly, the levels of oleoyl-l-carnitine were positively correlated with the abundances of Clostridium and Akkermansia. These results indicated that 2'-FL and HMO had therapeutic potential to prevent AD-induced cognitive impairment, which is of great significance for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Gao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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2
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Wu Q, Zhang F, Niu M, Yan J, Shi L, Liang Y, Tan J, Xu Y, Xu J, Wang J, Feng N. Extraction Methods, Properties, Functions, and Interactions with Other Nutrients of Lotus Procyanidins: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14413-14431. [PMID: 37754221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Lotus procyanidins, natural polyphenolic compounds isolated from the lotus plant family, are widely recognized as potent antioxidants that scavenge free radicals in the human body and exhibit various pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiobesity, and hypoglycemic. With promising applications in food and healthcare, lotus procyanidins have attracted extensive attention in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current research on lotus procyanidins, including extraction methods, properties, functions, and interactions with other nutrient components. Furthermore, this review offers an outlook on future research directions, providing ideas and references for the exploitation and utilization of lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Mengyao Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Wuhan Caidian District Public Inspection and Testing Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China
| | - Yinggang Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jiangying Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Pinyuan (Suizhou) Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Suizhou, Hubei 441300, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Nianjie Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
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Kim KJ, Hwang ES, Kim MJ, Rha CS, Song MC, Maeng S, Park JH, Kim DO. Effects of Phenolic-Rich Pinus densiflora Extract on Learning, Memory, and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122497. [PMID: 36552705 PMCID: PMC9774118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia with cognitive impairment. Various plant-derived phenolics are known to alleviate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease by radical scavenging and strengthening synaptic plasticity activities. Here, we examined the cognition-improving effect of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. bark extract (PBE). We identified and quantified phenolics in the PBE using a UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. To evaluate the cognition-enhancing effects of PBE, scopolamine-induced amnesic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (5 weeks old) and ion channel antagonist-induced organotypic hippocampal slices of SD rats (7 days old) were used. Twenty-three phenolics were tentatively identified in PBE, 10 of which were quantified. Oral administration of PBE to the scopolamine-induced SD rats improved cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. PBE-fed SD rats showed significantly improved antioxidant indices (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and malondialdehyde content) and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampal lysate compared with the scopolamine group. PBE increased the long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and rescued LTP from blockades by the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist (scopolamine) and N-methyl-D-aspartate channel antagonist (2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid) in the organotypic hippocampal slices. These results suggest that polyphenol-rich PBE is applicable as a cognition-improving agent due to its antioxidant properties and enhancement of LTP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Joong Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Su Rha
- AMOREPACIFIC R&I Center, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Chong Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (D.-O.K.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (J.-H.P.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (D.-O.K.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (J.-H.P.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.)
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Wang YF, Shen ZC, Li J, Liang T, Lin XF, Li YP, Zeng W, Zou Q, Shen JL, Wang XY. Phytochemicals, biological activity, and industrial application of lotus seedpod ( Receptaculum Nelumbinis): A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1022794. [PMID: 36267901 PMCID: PMC9577462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1022794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a well-known food and medicinal plant. Lotus seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) is the by-products during lotus products processing, which is considered as waste. Numerous studies have been conducted on its phytochemicals, biological activity and industrial application. However, the information on lotus seedpod is scattered and has been rarely summarized. In this review, summaries on preparation and identification of phytochemicals, the biological activities of extracts and phytochemicals, and applications of raw material, extracts and phytochemicals for lotus seedpod were made. Meanwhile, the future study trend was proposed. Recent evidence indicated that lotus seedpods extracts, obtained by non-organic and organic solvents, possessed several activities, which were influenced by extraction solvents and methods. Lotus seedpods were rich in phytochemicals categorized as different chemical groups, such as proanthocyanidins, oligomeric procyanidins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc. These phytochemicals exhibited various bioactivities, including ameliorating cognitive impairment, antioxidation, antibacterial, anti-glycative, neuroprotection, anti-tyrosinase and other activities. Raw material, extracts and phytochemicals of lotus seedpods could be utilized as sources for biochar and biomass material, in food industry and as dye. This review gives well-understanding on lotus seedpod, and provides theoretical basis for its future research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zi-Chun Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tian Liang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Scientific Research Center, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Yin Wang,
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5
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Chen Y, Huang F, McClements DJ, Xie B, Sun Z, Deng Q. Oligomeric Procyanidin Nanoliposomes Prevent Melanogenesis and UV Radiation-Induced Skin Epithelial Cell (HFF-1) Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061458. [PMID: 32213858 PMCID: PMC7145291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential protective effect of nanoliposomes loaded with lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) against melanogenesis and skin damaging was investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that, after encapsulation, the LSOPC-nanoliposomes still possessed strong inhibitory effects against melanogenesis, reducing the activity of both monophenolase and diphenolase. Molecular docking indicated that LSOPC could generate intense interactive configuration with tyrosinase through arene-H, arene-arene, and hydrophobic interaction. An ultraviolet radiated cell-culture model (human foreskin fibroblast cell (HFF-1)) was used to determine the protective effects of the LSOPC-nanoliposomes against skin aging and damage. Results showed that LSOPC-nanoliposomes exerted the highest protective effects against both ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation groups compared with non-encapsulated LSOPC and a control (vitamin C). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) assays demonstrated the protection mechanism may be related to the anti-photooxidation activity of the procyanidin. Furthermore, a hydroxyproline assay suggested that the LSOPC-nanoliposomes had a strong protective effect against collagen degradation and/or synthesis after UVA irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
| | | | - Bijun Xie
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhida Sun
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-9619-8198
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6
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Liu YT, Lai YH, Lin HH, Chen JH. Lotus Seedpod Extracts Reduced Lipid Accumulation and Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2895. [PMID: 31795130 PMCID: PMC6950491 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic disorders, including hepatic lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. Plant-derived polyphenols have attracted considerable attention in the prevention of NAFLD. Lotus seedpod, rich in polyphenols, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Previous studies have showed that lotus seedpod possess radioprotective, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the in vitro hepatoprotective effect of lotus seedpod extract (LSE) and its main component epigallocatechin (EGC) was examined. Firstly, oleic acid (OA), an unsaturated fatty acid, was used to induce the phenotype of NAFLD in human hepatocytes, HepG2 cells. LSE dose-dependently improved the OA-induced viability loss of HepG2 cells. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of LSE or EGC abolished intracellular lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the OA-treated cells. In addition, LSE and EGC showed a minor effect on autophagy, and potential in reducing OA-induced occurrence of apoptosis confirmed by morphological and biochemical features, including an increase in the formation of apoptotic bodies, the exposure of phosphatidylserine, and activation of caspases. Molecular data showed the anti-apoptotic effect of LSE might be mediated via downregulation of the mitochondrial pathway. Our data imply that EGC-enriched LSE potentially could be developed as an anti-NAFLD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tze Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua City 50006, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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Tseng HC, Tsai PM, Chou YH, Lee YC, Lin HH, Chen JH. In Vitro and In Vivo Protective Effects of Flavonoid-Enriched Lotus Seedpod Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:153-176. [PMID: 30612458 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an important role in the acceleration of hepatic inflammation. Natural medicinal plants that can prevent inflammation by targeting LPS have potential therapeutic clinical application. The aim of the study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of lotus seedpod extract (LSE), used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hemostasis function and for eliminating bruise, on the LPS-induced hepatic inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, LSE and its purified compound (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) dose-dependently inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability in LPS-stimulated human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Molecular studies showed the anti-LPS effect of HLP or EGC might be mediated via downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4. (TLR4)-mediated both NF- κ B and p38 signaling, as demonstrated by the usage of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF- κ B inhibitor. In vivo, LPS-induced hepatic inflammation was significantly ameliorated in LSE-fed mice as gauged by dose-dependent inhibition of serum levels of biochemical markers of liver damage, the changes of hepatic lobular architecture and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as induction of anti-oxidant enzymes. As a result, our data presented the first evidence of EGC-enriched LSE as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells and mice, and these findings may open interesting perspectives to the strategy in treatment for hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chun Tseng
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,† Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Tsai
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chou
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,§ Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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Cao J, Yu X, Deng Z, Pan Y, Zhang B, Tsao R, Li H. Chemical Compositions, Antiobesity, and Antioxidant Effects of Proanthocyanidins from Lotus Seed Epicarp and Lotus Seed Pot. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13492-13502. [PMID: 30449095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lotus seed epicarp (LSE) and lotus seed pot (LSP) were characterized, and a total of 5 and 7 proanthocyanidins (PAs) were identified in purified LSE and LSP extract, respectively. Purified LSE and LSP PAs significantly suppressed the body weight and weight gain of white adipose tissue (WAT) and decreased the WAT cell size in high-fat diet-induced obese mice regardless of the daily food intake. LSE or LSP administration significantly lowered the serum leptin level and improved the serum and liver lipid profiles (including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels), increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GST)) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and suppressed lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue. LSP PAs were generally more effective than LSE PAs. Both extracts ameliorated obesity, insulin resistance, and oxidative damage in obese mice, suggesting they are good candidates for value-added functional food and nutraceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Xiuliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
- Institute for Advanced Study , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330031 , China
| | - Yao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph Research and Development Centre , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , University of Nanchang , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , China
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Rui X, Wenfang L, Jing C, Meng C, Chengcheng D, Jiqu X, Shuang R. Neuroprotective effects of phytosterol esters against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in aged rat. Food Funct 2017; 8:1323-1332. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed that a high-cholesterol diet is detrimental to cognitive performance in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Rui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Li Wenfang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Cheng Jing
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Ding Chengcheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Xu Jiqu
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology
- Oil Crops Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Rong Shuang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
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10
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Yin C, Luo X, Duan Y, Duan W, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X. Neuroprotective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:628-39. [PMID: 27470406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results of MTT, morphological observation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays showed that compared with control, incubating neurons under ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells, whereas LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage. Moreover, a certain concentration of LSPCs inhibited the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) level, as well as prevented the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by ELF-EMF exposure. In addition, supplementation with LSPCs could alleviate DNA damage, block cell cycle arrest at S phase, and inhibit apoptosis and necrosis of hippocampal neurons under ELF-EMF exposure. Further study demonstrated that LSPCs up-regulated the activations of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl proteins and suppressed the expressions of Bad, Bax proteins caused by ELF-EMF exposure. In conclusion, these findings revealed that LSPCs protected against ELF-EMF-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wenyi Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Karimi S, Hejazian SH, Alikhani V, Hosseini M. The effects of tamoxifen on spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine and the brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:196. [PMID: 26601084 PMCID: PMC4620616 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Modulatory effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the central nervous system have been reported. The effects of TAM on spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine and the brain tissues oxidative damage was investigated. Materials and Methods: The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were divided and treated: (1) Control (saline), (2) scopolamine (Sco; 2 mg/kg, 30 min before behavioral tests), (3–5) Sco-TAM 1, Sco-TAM 3 and Sco-TAM 10. TAM (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was daily administered for 6 weeks. Results: In Morris water maze (MWM), both the latency and traveled distance in the Sco-group were higher than control (P < 0.001) while, in the Sco-TAM 10 group it was lower than Sco-group (P < 0.05). In passive avoidance test, the latency to enter the dark compartment was higher than control (P < 0.05 – P < 0.01). Pretreatment by all three doses of TAM prolonged the latency to enter the dark compartment compared to Sco-group (P < 0.05 – P < 0.001). The brain tissues malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was increased while, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) decreased in the Sco-group compared to control (P < 0.05 – P < 0.01). Pretreatment by TAM lowered the concentration of MDA while, increased SOD compared to Sco-group (P < 0.05 – P < 0.001). Conclusions: It is suggested that TAM prevents spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in OVX rats. The possible mechanism(s) might at least in part be due to protection against the brain tissues oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Karimi
- Department of Physiology, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Vajiheh Alikhani
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Long-Term Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplement Alleviates Cognitive Impairment Correlate with Activating Hippocampal CREB Signaling in Natural Aging Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4772-86. [PMID: 26328539 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a major precursor of the essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), whose deficiency alters the structure and function of membranes and induces cerebral dysfunctions. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of prolonged ALA intake on cognitive function during natural aging. Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months were chronically treated with ALA and/or lard per day for 12 months. Regular diet-treated rats, both young and old (4 and 18 months old, respectively) served as controls. Rats fed on regular diet during aging showed memory deficits in Morris water maze, which were further exacerbated by lard intake. However, supplementation with ALA for 12 months dose-dependently improved the performance in spatial working memory tasks. Memory performance correlated well with the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and increases in both levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Further study identified that hippocampal extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt rather than calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) and protein kinase A (PKA), the upstream signalings of CREB, were also activated by ALA supplement. Moreover, memory improvement was accompanied with alterations of hippocampal synaptic structure and number, suggestive of enhancement in synaptic plasticity. Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.
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Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, He Y, Fan R, Cheng Y, Sun G, Sun X. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure causes cognitive impairment associated with alteration of the glutamate level, MAPK pathway activation and decreased CREB phosphorylation in mice hippocampus: reversal by procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod. Food Funct 2015; 5:2289-97. [PMID: 25066354 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could effectively prevent learning and memory damage and oxidative damage caused by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure. However, LSPCs protect neurons from ELF-EMF-induced damage by mechanisms currently not clear. An excessive release of glutamate is considered to be one of the molecular mechanisms of neuronal damage in several neurological diseases. In this study we determined whether the ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 8 mT, 28 days) exposure induced alterations of glutamate release in mice hippocampus and explored the possible mechanism, and if LSPC treatment normalized its alterations. The results showed that ELF-EMF exposure induced the increased contents of glutamate, GABA, excessively activated NMDA receptors, increasing the number of NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i in hippocampus. In addition, ELF-EMF exposure decreased the ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, which suggested that the Ca(2+) influx induced by the ELF-EMF exposure stimulated activity of the ERK, in turn, influences the expression of downstream proteins in this signaling pathway. Besides, ELF-EMF exposure also increased JNK1/2 phosphorylation through the activated ASK1, which plays a pivotal role in hippocampal neuronal cell death. However, oral administration of LSPCs (especially 60 and 90 mg kg(-1)) markedly improved expressions of p-CREB, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2, accompanied by decreased levels of glutamate, GABA, [Ca(2+)]i and NR2B. Thus, the results from the present study suggest that p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, [Ca(2+)]i and p-CREB expression normalized, possibly via a NMDA receptor-channel through the changes of GABA, glutamate and NR2B, which might be responsible for the neuroprotective or memory enhancing effects of LSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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14
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Lee S, Shin HS. Effect of lotus seed and seedpod extracts on oxidative stability against lard during storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Cognitive Enhancing and Neuroprotective Effect of the Embryo of the Nelumbo nucifera Seed. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:869831. [PMID: 25610484 PMCID: PMC4290141 DOI: 10.1155/2014/869831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ENS on cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine and its potential neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cell and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. ENS (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), scopolamine (1 mg/kg), and donepezil (1 mg/kg) were administered to mice during a test period. Scopolamine impaired memory and learning in a water maze test and a passive avoidance test. The neuroprotective effect of ENS (10 and 100 μg/mL) was investigated on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells by MTT assay. We investigated acetylcholinesterase inhibition in hippocampus and antioxidant activity, ROS levels, and Ca2+ influx in HT22 cells to elucidate the potential mechanisms of ENS. We found that ENS significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment and inhibited AChE activity in hippocampus. In vitro, ENS showed potent neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the HT22 cell. In addition, ENS induced a decrease in ROS production and intercellular Ca2+ accumulation and showed DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging activity. In conclusion, ENS showed both a memory improving effect and a neuroprotective effect. Our results indicate that ENS may be of use in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Xiao J, Li S, Sui Y, Wu Q, Li X, Xie B, Zhang M, Sun Z. Lactobacillus casei-01 facilitates the ameliorative effects of proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod on learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112773. [PMID: 25396737 PMCID: PMC4232518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory abilities are associated with alterations in gut function. The two-way proanthocyanidins-microbiota interaction in vivo enhances the physiological activities of proanthocyanidins and promotes the regulation of gut function. Proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) have shown the memory-enhancing ability. However, there has been no literature about whether Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) enhances the ameliorative effects of LSPC on learning and memory abilities. In this study, learning and memory abilities of scopolamine-induced amnesia mice were evaluated by Y-maze test after 20-day administration of LC (109 cfu/kg body weight (BW)), LSPC (low dose was 60 mg/kg BW (L-LSPC) and high dose was 90 mg/kg BW (H-LSPC)), or LSPC and LC combinations (L-LSPC+LC and H-LSPC+LC). Alterations in antioxidant defense ability and oxidative damage of brain, serum and colon, and brain cholinergic system were investigated as the possible mechanisms. As a result, the error times of H-LSPC+LC group were reduced by 41.59% and 68.75% relative to those of H-LSPC and LC groups respectively. LSPC and LC combinations ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment by improving total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities of brain, serum and colon, suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA) level of brain, serum and colon, and inhibiting brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE), myeloperoxidase, total nitric oxide synthase and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activities, and nNOS mRNA level. Moreover, LC facilitated the ameliorative effects of H-LSPC on GSH-Px activity of colon, TAOC level, GSH-Px activity and ratio of T-SOD to MDA of brain and serum, and the inhibitory effects of H-LSPC on serum MDA level, brain nNOS mRNA level and AchE activity. These results indicated that LC promoted the memory-enhancing effect of LSPC in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 133 Yiheng Road, Dongguan Zhuang, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Xuefu South Road, Changqing Garden, Dongxihu District, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Sui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 133 Yiheng Road, Dongguan Zhuang, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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Combination of proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod and l-cysteine ameliorates memory impairment induced by alcohol and scopolamine in mice. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Tumen I, Senol FS, Orhan IE. Inhibitory potential of the leaves and berries of Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) against enzymes linked to neurodegenerative diseases and their antioxidant actions. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:387-92. [PMID: 22022834 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.629178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the leaves and berries of Myrtus communis L. were screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase (TYRO), the enzymes linked to neurodegenerative diseases, at 200 μg ml⁻¹. Antioxidant activity was tested using radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and N,N- dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radicals, metal chelation capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid quantification of the extracts was calculated spectrophotometrically. The extracts showed a moderate AChE (17.49 ± 3.99% to 43.15 ± 1.55%) and TYRO inhibition (4.48 ± 1.50% to 40.53 ± 0.47%). The leaf extracts were ineffective against BChE, while the berry extracts displayed inhibition between 21.83 ± 3.82% and 36.80 ± 2.00%. The polar extracts exerted remarkable scavenging effect against DPPH and DMPD and also in the FRAP assay, where the DCM extract of the berries had the best metal chelation capacity (79.29 ± 1.14%). This is the first study that demonstrates in vitro neuroprotective effects of myrtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Tumen
- Department of Forest Products Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the use of natural products as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. The compounds span a diverse array of structural classes and are organized according to their mechanism of action, with the focus primarily on the major hypotheses. Overall, the review discusses more than 180 compounds and summarizes 400 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Xu J, Rong S, Xie B, Sun Z, Deng Q, Wu H, Bao W, Wang D, Yao P, Huang F, Liu L. Memory Impairment in Cognitively Impaired Aged Rats Associated With Decreased Hippocampal CREB Phosphorylation: Reversal by Procyanidins Extracted From the Lotus Seedpod. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:933-40. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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21
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Kim YH, Lee Y, Kim D, Jung MW, Lee CJ. Scopolamine-induced learning impairment reversed by physostigmine in zebrafish. Neurosci Res 2010; 67:156-61. [PMID: 20298728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of scopolamine, an acetylcholine muscarinic receptor antagonist, and physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on the learning ability and memory of zebrafish were evaluated using a passive avoidance response test. The zebrafish were trained to stay in a dark compartment to avoid a weight dropping into an acryl shuttle chamber with a central sliding door. The crossing time was increased significantly, from 30.7+/-40.8s to 179.3+/-27.3s in the training session and 179.9+/-28.0s in the test session carried out 2h later in the controls. When treatment with 200 microM scopolamine was administered for 1h prior to the training session, the crossing time did not increase. The scopolamine-induced learning deficit was ameliorated by pretreatment with 20 microM physostigmine for 1h prior to scopolamine treatment; the crossing time was similarly increased, as shown with the controls (60.9+/-11.5s, 130.9+/-27.5s, and 183.4+/-26.6s in the training session and 108.1+/-23.9s in the test session). When scopolamine treatment was administered after the training session, the crossing time in the test session was reduced significantly as compared to that noted in the third trial of the training session, which was also ameliorated by physostigmine pretreatment. These results show that scopolamine impairs both the acquisition of passive avoidance response and retention of the learned response, and that physostigmine rescues the amnesic effects of scopolamine in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Inha University, 253 Yong-Hyun Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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Xu J, Rong S, Xie B, Sun Z, Zhang L, Wu H, Yao P, Hao L, Liu L. Procyanidins Extracted From the Lotus Seedpod Ameliorate Age-Related Antioxidant Deficit in Aged Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:236-41. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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