1
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Manville RW, Baldwin SN, Eriksen EØ, Jepps TA, Abbott GW. Medicinal plant rosemary relaxes blood vessels by activating vascular smooth muscle KCNQ channels. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23125. [PMID: 37535015 PMCID: PMC10437472 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The evergreen plant rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) has been employed medicinally for centuries as a memory aid, analgesic, spasmolytic, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive, with recent preclinical and clinical evidence rationalizing some applications. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in the KCNQ (Kv7) subfamily are highly influential in the nervous system, muscle and epithelia. KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 regulate vascular smooth muscle excitability and contractility and are implicated as antihypertensive drug targets. Here, we found that rosemary extract potentiates homomeric and heteromeric KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 activity, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization. Two rosemary diterpenes, carnosol and carnosic acid, underlie the effects and, like rosemary, are efficacious KCNQ-dependent vasorelaxants, quantified by myography in rat mesenteric arteries. Sex- and estrous cycle stage-dependence of the vasorelaxation matches sex- and estrous cycle stage-dependent KCNQ expression. The results uncover a molecular mechanism underlying rosemary vasorelaxant effects and identify new chemical spaces for KCNQ-dependent vasorelaxants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W. Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Samuel N. Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Ørnberg Eriksen
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A. Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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2
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Roghani-Shahraki H, Karimian M, Valipour S, Behjati M, Arefnezhad R, Mousavi A. Herbal therapy as a promising approach for regulation on lipid profiles: A review of molecular aspects. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5533-5546. [PMID: 33469926 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impaired lipid profile is defined as abnormal plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. This disease state is associated with the development and progression of various disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and acute myocardial infarction. Globally, all of these disorders are related to a significant rate of death. Therefore, finding a suitable approach for the prevention and treatment of lipid profile-related disorders is in the spotlight. Recently, herbal therapy has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of hyperlipidemia or its related disorders due to its safety and efficacy. Hereby, we address the potential benefits of some of these herbal compounds on different aspects of lipid profile and its abnormalities with a special focus on their underlying mechanisms. Using herbal products, such as teas and mushrooms, or their derivatives, Rosmarinus officinalis Linn, Curcuma longa, Green tea, Lippia triphylla, Lippia citriodora, Plantago asiatica L, Vine tea, and Grifola frondosa have been proved to exert several therapeutic impacts on lipid profile and its related disorders, and we would provide a brief review on them in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saboora Valipour
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mousavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Iran
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3
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Ahmed HM, Babakir-Mina M. Investigation of rosemary herbal extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis) and their potential effects on immunity. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1829-1837. [PMID: 32086980 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new curative drugs and the consumption of natural dietary ingredients with the ability to exhibit immunomodulatory activity is urgently needed to decrease the risk of chronic diseases among the population. Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant that has been traditionally and medicinally used as a carminative, antispasmodic, painkiller, circulatory tonic, to stimulate hair growth and to improve memory dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of rosemary solvent extracts on human immune function. Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley, Elsevier, PubMed, Scopus, and the Google scholar search engines were used to retrieve relevant information included combinations of "rosemary" or "R. officinalis" with "immune function," "immunity," "immune system," "anti-inflammatory," "inflammation," or "health benefit." A number of studies have been found a stimulatory effect of rosemary and its active compounds on the immune system in vitro and animal study, but there is a lack of evidence in humans for supporting this. The results demonstrated the potential of rosemary and its main active components as dietary ingredients with immunomodulatory functionality. Human studies should be performed and a double-blind randomized controlled trial would be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa M Ahmed
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Newcasle Center For Natural Therapy, Ranya, Slemani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muhammed Babakir-Mina
- Community Health Department, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani, Iraq
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4
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Sharifi-Rad J, Ezzat SM, El Bishbishy MH, Mnayer D, Sharopov F, Kılıç CS, Neagu M, Constantin C, Sharifi-Rad M, Atanassova M, Nicola S, Pignata G, Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Martins N. Rosmarinus plants: Key farm concepts towards food applications. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1474-1518. [PMID: 32058653 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Mahitab H El Bishbishy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Dima Mnayer
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ceyda S Kılıç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, UCTM, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignata
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Patrick V T Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM. Hypolipidemic effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14680-14688. [PMID: 30693502 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Current strategies are not effective in the management of dyslipidemia. Thus, there is a necessity to find new preventative and therapeutic approaches. In recent years, herbal medicine has drawn great attention regarding the prevention and management of dyslipidemia. Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is an evergreen shrub containing several polyphenols. The plant grows in the Mediterranean and South American regions. Rosemary and its main components have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. The present review has focused on in vivo and in vitro studies on the hypolipidemic effects of rosemary and its main constituents as well as their functional mechanisms. Studies have described lipid-scavenging activities of rosemary through its flavonoid contents. Modulating inflammation and oxidative stress have been described as possible mechanisms by which rosemary ameliorates dyslipidemia. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Conducting experimental and clinical trial studies are recommended to confirm the safety and efficacy of rosemary in the prevention and management of dyslipidemia and other cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Opara EI. Culinary herbs and spices: what can human studies tell us about their role in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4511-4517. [PMID: 30815875 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Culinary herbs and spices (CHS) are known primarily as flavour enhancers, and it is now well established that they possess bioactive properties that indicate that these foods may have a role to play in the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases (CNCDs). Human studies are now beginning to provide insights into the significance of the potential health benefits of CHS in a dietary context, particularly concerning their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their impact on glucose homeostasis, appetite and the consumption of low/reduced fat, salt and sugar foods. However, these studies have also identified a number of factors that are very pertinent to furthering understanding of how CHS can be used for the maintenance of health and the prevention of CNCDs. The challenge for the next phase of studies will be how to incorporate, successfully, these factors into study methodology for investigating the preventative benefits of these foods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Opara
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
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7
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Abstract
Naturally occurring food-derived active ingredients have received huge attention for their chemopreventive and chemotherapy capabilities in several diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid ester and a naturally-occurring phenolic compound in a number of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) from which it was formerly isolated. RA intervenes in carcinogenesis through different ways, including in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and inflammation. On the other hand, it also exerts powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antidepressant, anti-aging effects. The present review aims to provide an overview on anticancer activities of RA and to deliberate its therapeutic potential against a wide variety of diseases. Given the current evidence, RA may be considered as part of the daily diet in the treatment of several diseases, with pre-determined doses avoiding cytotoxicity.
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Tahoonian-Golkhatmy F, Abedian Z, Emami SA, Esmaily H. Comparison of Rosemary and Mefenamic Acid Capsules on Menstrual Bleeding and Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Clinical Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2019; 24:301-305. [PMID: 31333746 PMCID: PMC6621500 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_99_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common complaint of women. Imbalance secretion of prostaglandin from the endometrium during menstruation cycle is effective in primary dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding. The aim of this study was to compare rosemary capsule and mefenamic acid on menstrual bleeding and primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blinded study was conducted on 82 students with primary dysmenorrhea in the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in 2016. Participants had moderate dysmenorrhea and normal menstrual bleeding. No intervention was carried out at the two cycles. During the next two cycles, participants were randomly divided into two groups (rosemary and mefenamic acid(. Participants in the intervention group received 250 mg rosemary capsules and the control group received 250 mg mefenamic acid capsules in the first 3 days of menstruation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to determine the severity of pain and Hingham chart to determine the amount of bleeding in menstruation. Independent t-tests, Mann--Whitney were used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Pain intensity score standard deviation (SD) before and after intervention for rosemary group were 40.39 (11.41) and 23.57 (12.78) (t41 = 9.90, p < 0.001). For the control group, they were 46.75 (13.32) and 28.29 (17.21) (t39 = 9.10, p < 0.001). Menstrual bleeding score (SD) before and after intervention for rosemary group were 55.21 (21.32) and 46.30 (24.16) (t41 = 2.60, p = 0.01). For the control group, they were 51.05 (23.87) and 43.43 (29.47) (t39 = 2.10, p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the pain severity and menstrual bleeding score SD in these two groups. Conclusions: Rosemary capsules reduce the menstrual bleeding and primary dysmenorrhea the same as mefenamic acid capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Abedian
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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de Oliveira JR, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira LD. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) as therapeutic and prophylactic agent. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:5. [PMID: 30621719 PMCID: PMC6325740 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. R. officinalis L. is constituted by bioactive molecules, the phytocompounds, responsible for implement several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antitumor and protective, inhibitory and attenuating activities. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies were presented in this Review, approaching the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of R. officinalis L. on some physiological disorders caused by biochemical, chemical or biological agents. In this way, methodology, mechanisms, results, and conclusions were described. The main objective of this study was showing that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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10
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Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis-Related Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8526438. [PMID: 29317985 PMCID: PMC5727797 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8526438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Good nutrition could maintain health and life. Polyphenols are common nutrient mainly derived from fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, mushrooms, beverages, and traditional medicinal herbs. They are potential substances against oxidative-related diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease, specifically, atherosclerosis-related ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are health and economic problems recognized worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cigarette smoking as well as the antioxidative activity of polyphenols, which could prevent the pathology of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammatory process by monocytes, macrophages or T lymphocytes, and platelet aggregation. The strong radical-scavenging properties of polyphenols would exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects. Polyphenols reduce ROS production by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting OxLDL formation, suppressing VSMC proliferation and migration, reducing platelet aggregation, and improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Polyphenol consumption also inhibits the development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Despite the numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, more advanced clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of polyphenols in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases.
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11
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Rosemary Extract as a Potential Anti-Hyperglycemic Agent: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090968. [PMID: 28862678 PMCID: PMC5622728 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease on the rise and with huge economic burden to health care systems around the globe, results from defects in insulin action (termed insulin resistance) combined with impaired insulin secretion. Current methods of prevention and treatments for insulin resistance and T2DM are lacking in number and efficacy and, therefore, there is a need for new preventative measures and targeted therapies. In recent years, chemicals found in plants/herbs have attracted attention for their use as functional foods or nutraceuticals for preventing and treating insulin resistance and T2DM. Rosemary is an evergreen shrub indigenous to the Mediterranean region and South America, which contains various polyphenols. Rosemary extract and its polyphenolic constituents have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies examining the anti-diabetic effects of rosemary extract and its polyphenolic components and highlights the known mechanism of action.
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12
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Waltenberger B, Mocan A, Šmejkal K, Heiss EH, Atanasov AG. Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2016; 21:807. [PMID: 27338339 PMCID: PMC4928700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have always been exploited to promote health and served as a valuable source for the discovery of new drugs. In this review, the great potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, global health problems with rising prevalence, is addressed. Special emphasis is laid on natural products for which efficacy and safety have already been proven and which are in clinical trials, as well as on plants used in traditional medicine. Potential benefits from certain dietary habits and dietary constituents, as well as common molecular targets of natural products, are also briefly discussed. A glimpse at the history of statins and biguanides, two prominent representatives of natural products (or their derivatives) in the fight against metabolic disease, is also included. The present review aims to serve as an "opening" of this special issue of Molecules, presenting key historical developments, recent advances, and future perspectives outlining the potential of natural products for prevention or therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
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13
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Hassani FV, Shirani K, Hosseinzadeh H. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as a potential therapeutic plant in metabolic syndrome: a review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:931-49. [PMID: 27178264 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of complex coexisting cardiometabolic risk factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, abdominal obesity, coagulopathies, and hypertension that raise the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of herbs and natural compounds in prevention and treatment of diseases and a large number of published articles have focused on this issue. Rosmarinus officinalis L. or rosemary (Lamiaceae) is a rich source of phenolic phytochemicals having significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, hepatoprotective, and hypocholesterolemic effects. The purpose of this review is to highlight the interesting pharmacological effects of rosemary, and its active compounds, and the related mechanisms in the management of metabolic syndrome that are documented in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kobra Shirani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Stefanon B, Pomari E, Colitti M. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on human primary omental preadipocytes and adipocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:884-95. [PMID: 25710930 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214562341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing all over the world. Although it has been shown that natural substances influence fat metabolism, little is known about the effect on cellular and molecular mechanisms in human. In this in vitro study, the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) standardized extract in modulating human primary visceral preadipocytes differentiation, lipolysis, and apoptosis was investigated. Moreover, gene expression of key adipogenesis modulators and microRNAs-seq were evaluated. Preadipocytes treated with RO extract significantly reduced triglyceride incorporation during maturation in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. In addition, RO extract stimulated lipolytic activity in differentiating preadipocytes and mature adipocytes in treated cells compared to controls. Differentiating preadipocytes incubated in the presence of RO extract showed a decreased expression of cell cycle genes such as cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) and an increased expression of GATA binding protein 3, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A mRNA levels. Recent studies have demonstrated that some phytochemicals alter the expression of specific genes and microRNAs that play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. Interestingly, genes modulated in RO-treated cells were found to be validated miRNAs targets, such as let-7f-1, miR-17, and miR-143. The results indicated that RO extract modulates human adipocyte differentiation and significantly interferes with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, supporting its interest as dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Pomari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Colitti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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15
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Lerman RH, Desai A, Lamb JJ, Chang JL, Darland G, Konda VR. A Phytochemical-rich Multivitamin-multimineral Supplement Is Bioavailable and Reduces Serum Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein, Myeloperoxidase, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in a Four-week Pilot trial of Healthy Individuals. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:34-9. [PMID: 24808980 PMCID: PMC4010963 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multivitamin-multimineral supplement combined with a diverse blend of bioactive phytochemicals may provide additional antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory property for overall health. This convenient feature may be useful for individuals who want to increase their intake of phytochemicals. METHODS We conducted a pilot study in 15 healthy individuals (8 women and 7 men, mean age 41.7±14.9 years, mean body mass index 28.0±5.6) to investigate the effects of this novel formulation on biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. After a 2-week diet that limited intake of fruits and vegetables to 2 servings/day, participants continued with the same restricted diet but began consuming 2 tablets of the study product for the subsequent 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples collected at Week 2 and Week 6 were analyzed and compared using paired t-tests for levels of carotenoids, folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), F2-isoprostane, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and myeloperoxidase. Noninvasive peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT) was also measured. RESULTS After 4 weeks of supplementation, plasma levels of carotenoids, folate, and vitamin B12, but not homocysteine, were significantly increased (P<.05). Serum levels of oxLDL, PAI-1 and myeloperoxidase were significantly reduced (P<.05), but F2-isoprostane, hs-CRP, and EndoPAT measures were unchanged compared with baseline. The study product was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS This nutritional supplement is bioavailable as indicated by the significant increase in plasma carotenoids, vitamin B12, and folate levels and may provide health benefits by significantly reducing serum levels of oxLDL, myeloperoxidase, and PAI-1 in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lerman
- Functional Medicine Research Center, Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
| | - Anuradha Desai
- Functional Medicine Research Center, Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
| | - Joseph J Lamb
- Functional Medicine Research Center, Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
| | - Jyh-Lurn Chang
- Functional Medicine Research Center, Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
| | - Gary Darland
- Functional Medicine Research Center, Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington, United States
| | - Veera R Konda
- Functional Medicine Research Center, Research and Development, Metagenics, Inc, Gig Harbor, Washington
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