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Mohammed EAH, Peng Y, Wang Z, Qiang X, Zhao Q. Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Activity of the Glycyrrhizic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:906-918. [PMID: 35919388 PMCID: PMC9333650 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid and its primary metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid, are the main active ingredients in the licorice roots (glycyrrhiza species), which are widely used in several countries of the world, especially in east asian countries (China, Japan). These ingredients and their derivatives play an important role in treating many diseases, especially infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and hepatic infections. This review aims to summarize the different ways of synthesising the amide derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid and the main ways to synthesize the glycyrrhitinic acid derivatives. Also, to determine the main biological and pharmacological activity for these compounds from the previous studies to provide essential data to researchers for future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1068162022050132.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. H. Mohammed
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Y. Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Z. Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - X. Qiang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Q. Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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Kazakova OB, Medvedeva NI, Smirnova IE, Lopatina TV, Veselovsky AV. The Introduction of Hydrazone, Hydrazide, or Azepane Moieties to the Triterpenoid Core Enhances an Activity Against M. tuberculosis. Med Chem 2021; 17:134-145. [PMID: 31939731 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200115161700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triterpenoids exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to synthesize a series of nitrogen derivatives based on lupane, oleanane, and ursane triterpenoids with high antitubercular activity. METHODS Isonicotinoylhydrazones were prepared via the reaction of 3-oxotriterpenic acids or betulonic aldehyde with isoniazid (INH) in yields of 54-72%. N-Acylation of betulonic or azepanobetulinic acids led to lupane C28 hydrazides and dihydrazides. The derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37RV and single-drug resistance (SDR)-TB in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the possible binding modes of investigated compounds in the active site of Diterpene synthase (Rv3378c). RESULTS The obtained compounds are represented by C3 or C28 conjugates with hydrazine hydrate or INH. Some compounds demonstrated from high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ≤ 10 μg/mL) to excellent (MICs from 0.19 to 1.25 μg/mL) activity against MTB H37RV. Two lupane conjugates with INH were the leading compounds against MTB H37RV and some SDR-strains with MICs ranged from 0.19 to 1.70 μg/mL. Molecular docking of active compounds to diterpene synthase showed that these moieties accommodate the active site of the enzyme. CONCLUSION It was revealed that the conjugation of lupanes with INH at C3 is more effective than at C28 and the lupane skeleton is preferable among oleanane and ursane types. The replacement of native hexacarbocyclic A ring to seven-member azepane ring is favorably for inhibition of both MTB H37RV and SDR-strains. These data could possibly mean that the antitubercular activity against INH-resistant strains (INH-R) came from both triterpenoid and isoniazid parts of the hybrid molecules. Azepanobetulin showed the highest activity against both INH-R strains in comparison with other triterpenoids and INH. Thus, the introduction of hydrazone, hydrazide (dihydrazide), or azepane moieties into the triterpenoid core is a promising way for the development of new anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana B Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya I Medvedeva
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Irina E Smirnova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana V Lopatina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Veselovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Zhang RH, Guo HY, Deng H, Li J, Quan ZS. Piperazine skeleton in the structural modification of natural products: a review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1165-1197. [PMID: 34080510 PMCID: PMC8183565 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1931861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperazine moiety is a cyclic molecule containing two nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4, as well as four carbon atoms. Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates with a wide range of applications. Over 100 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other activities, were reviewed. This article reviewed investigations regarding piperazine groups for the modification of natural product derivatives in the last decade, highlighting parameters that affect their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hao Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Jinzi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
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Xiang M, Song YL, Ji J, Zhou X, Liu LW, Wang PY, Wu ZB, Li Z, Yang S. Synthesis of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic piperazine amides displaying significant in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities against intractable plant bacterial diseases. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2959-2971. [PMID: 32246577 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited amount of agrochemicals targeting plant bacterial diseases has motivated us to study innovative antibacterial surrogates with fresh modes of action. Notably, fabrication of violent apoptosis inducers to control the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria should be a feasible way to control plant bacterial diseases. To achieve this aim, we constructed a series of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic piperazine amides based on the natural bioactive ingredient 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and induced apoptosis behaviors on tested pathogens. RESULTS Screening results suggested that these designed compounds were extremely bioactive against two notorious pathogens, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. axonopodis pv. citri. This conclusion was highlighted by the biological effects of compounds A3 and B1 , affording the related EC50 values of 2.28 and 0.93 μg mL-1 . In vivo trials confirmed the prospective application for managing rice bacterial blight disease with control efficiency within 50.57-53.70% at 200 μg mL-1 . In particular, target compounds could induce the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tested pathogens, subsequently leading to a strong apoptotic effect at a very low drug concentration (≤ 10 μg mL-1 ). This finding was consistent with the observed ROS-enhanced fluorescent images and morphological changes of pathogens from scanning electron microscopy patterns. CONCLUSION Given these features, we anticipate that these novel piperazine-tailored 18β-glycyrrhetinic hybrids can provide an perceptible insight for fighting bacterial infections by activation of the apoptosis mechanism. Novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic piperazine amides were reported to have excellent antibacterial efficacy toward phytopathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. axonopodis pv. citri. A possible apoptosis mechanism was proposed from the remarkable apoptotic behaviors triggered by target compounds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying-Lian Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Ji
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
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Kazakova O, Lopatina T, Giniyatullina G, Mioc M, Soica C. Antimycobacterial activity of azepanobetulin and its derivative: In vitro, in vivo, ADMET and docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104209. [PMID: 32911190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The antimycobacterial investigation of azepanobetulin and its amide derivative was performed. Both compounds showed increased in vitro antibacterial activity on the H37Rv MTB strain in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Basing on differences between MIC and IC50 values a predominant bactericidal effect for amide in contrast to azepanobetulin with a bacteriostatic antibacterial mechanism is defined. Both compounds showed a strong antibacterial effect against resistant MTB strains with amide derivative being slightly more active. Amide derivative also showed a higher antibacterial potency against non-tuberculous mycobacterial strains (M. avium, M. abscessus). Molecular docking studies showed that the inhibition of tuberculosinyl adenosine transferase (Rv3378c) could constitute an antimycobacterial mechanism of action for these triterpenic azepane derivatives. The pharmacokinetic profile was evaluated by ADMET studies and azepanobetulin showing the better results was evaluated by in vivo experiments. This compound has demonstrated a statistically significant antimycobacterial activity compared to control, but inferior to isoniazid. Our findings show that pentacyclic triterpene derivatives holding a seven-membered azepane A-ring are the promising template for the development of new agents with high antibacterial potential against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, non-tuberculous mycobacterial and drug- resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, pr. Octyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatyana Lopatina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, pr. Octyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | | | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
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Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of triterpeni≿ A-ring azepanes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:464-472. [PMID: 29202408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of A-ring azepanones and azepanes derived from betulonic, oleanonic and ursonic acids was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv and SDR-TB in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Triterpenic A-azepano-28-hydroxy-derivatives were synthesized by the reduction with LiAlH4 of triterpenic azepanones available from the Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding C3-oximes. Modification of azepanes at NH-group and atoms С12, C20, C28 and C29 of triterpenic core led to the derivatives with oxo, epoxy, aminopropyl, oximino and acyl substituents. The primary assay of tested triterpenoids against MTB H37Rv demonstrated their MIC values ranged from 3.125 to >200 μM. Ursane type A-azepano-28-cinnamoates were the most active being 2 and 4 times more efficient than the initial 28-hydroxy-derivative. The follow-up testing revealed A-azepano-28-cinnamoyloxybetulin as a leader compound with MIC 2 and MBC 4 μM against MTB H37Rv and MICs 4, 1 and 1 μM against INH, RIF and OFX resistant strains, respectively. Five oleanane and ursane azepanes pronounced better activity than isoniazid against INH-R1 and rifampicin against INH-R2 strains. This work opens a new direction in the design and synthesis of new antitubercular agents basing on azepanotriterpenoids.
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Borisenko SN, Lekar’ AV, Vetrova EV, Filonova OV, Borisenko NI. A mass spectrometry study of the self-association of glycyrrhetinic acid molecules. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016070037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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9
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Langer D, Wicher B, Szczołko W, Gdaniec M, Tykarska E. Self-assembly modes of glycyrrhetinic acid esters in view of the crystal packing of related triterpene molecules. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2016; 72:584-92. [PMID: 27484379 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520616008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of three ester derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid (GE) are reported. X-ray crystallography revealed that despite differences in the size of the ester substituents (ethyl, isopropyl and 2-morpholinoethyl) the scheme of molecular self-assembly is similar in all three cases but differs significantly from that observed in other known GE esters. According to our analysis, the two basic patterns of self-assembly of GE esters observed in their unsolvated crystals correspond to two distinct orientations of the ester groups relative to the triterpene backbone. Moreover, comparison of the self-assembly modes of GE esters in their unsolvated forms with the supramolecular organization of GE and carbenoxolone in their solvated crystals revealed that ester substituents replace solvent molecules hydrogen bonded to the COOH group at the triterpene skeleton, resulting in similar packing arrangements of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznań Uniwersity of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań 60-780, Poland
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznań Uniwersity of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań 60-780, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szczołko
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznań Uniwersity of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań 60-780, Poland
| | - Maria Gdaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznań Uniwersity of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań 60-780, Poland
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Huang LR, Hao XJ, Li QJ, Wang DP, Zhang JX, Luo H, Yang XS. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives Possessing a Trihydroxylated A Ring Are Potent Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:721-731. [PMID: 26928299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The oleanane-type triterpene 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (1) was modified chemically through the introduction of a trihydroxylated A ring and an ester moiety at C-20 to enhance its antibacterial activity. Compounds 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, and 32 showed more potent inhibitory activity against Streptomyces scabies than the positive control, streptomycin. Additionally, the inhibitory activity of the most potent compound, 29, against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was greater than that of the positive controls. The antibacterial mode of action of the active derivatives involved the regulation of the expression of genes associated with peptidoglycans, the respiratory metabolism, and the inherent virulence factors found in bacteria, as determined through a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Ago-Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Ago-Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ji Li
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Ping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Ago-Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
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de Breij A, Karnaoukh TG, Schrumpf J, Hiemstra PS, Nibbering PH, van Dissel JT, de Visser PC. The licorice pentacyclic triterpenoid component 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid enhances the activity of antibiotics against strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:555-62. [PMID: 26780691 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify compounds that enhance the activity of current antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Screening of a 350+ compound proprietary small molecules library revealed that the Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice)-derived triterpenoid 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) potentiated the antibacterial activity of certain antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we evaluated the ability of pentacyclic triterpenoids to potentiate the activity of antibiotics against strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Checkerboard assays were used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tobramycin and ten pentacyclic triterpenoids against S. aureus. The effect of 18β-GA on the MIC of different antibiotics against MRSA was also determined in an in vitro airway MRSA infection model. 18β-GA enhanced the bactericidal activity of the aminoglycosides tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin, and of polymyxin B against two MRSA strains, reducing the MIC of these antibiotics 32-64-fold [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.12-0.13]. Other β-amyrin triterpenoids and α-amyrin triterpenoids did not exert such synergistic effects. 18β-GA did not enhance the activity of antibiotics from other structural classes against the MRSA strains. In an air-exposed airway epithelial cell culture, 18β-GA enhanced the bactericidal activity of tobramycin and polymyxin B against the MRSA strain. These data demonstrate the potential of 18β-GA to synergise with certain types of antibiotics to eliminate strains of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Breij
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T G Karnaoukh
- BioMarin Nederland BV, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Schrumpf
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P H Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J T van Dissel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P C de Visser
- BioMarin Nederland BV, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sun B, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Ma K, Li H, Li F, Dong F, Yan X. Metabonomics study of the effects of pretreatment with glycyrrhetinic acid on mesaconitine-induced toxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:839-46. [PMID: 24846827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Fuzi), a commonly use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has often been used in combination with Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (Gancao) to reduce its toxicity due to diester diterpenoid alkaloids aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine. However, the mechanism of detoxication is still unclear. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the metabolite of glycyrrhizinic acid (GL), the major component of Gancao. In present study, the effect of GA on the changes of metabolic profiles induced by mesaconitine was investigated using NMR-based metabolomic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into a control group, a group administered mesaconitine alone, and a group administered mesaconitine with one pretreatment with GA. Their urine samples were used for NMR spectroscopic metabolic profiling. Statistical analyses such as orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), t-test, hierarchical cluster, and pathway analysis were used to detect the effects of pretreatment with GA on mesaconitine-induced toxicity. RESULTS The OPLS-DA score plots showed the metabolic profiles of GA-pretreated rats apparently approach to those of normal rats compared to mesaconitine-induced rats. From the t-test and boxplot results, the concentrations of leucine/isoleucine, lactate, acetate, succinate, trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylglycine (DMG), 2-oxo-glutarate, creatinine/creatine, glycine, hippurate, tyrosine and benzoate were significantly changed in metabolic profiles of mesaconitine-induced rats. The disturbed metabolic pathways include amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS GA-pretreatment can mitigate the metabolic changes caused by mesaconitine-treatment on rats, indicating that prophylaxis with GA could reduce the toxicity of mesaconitine at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Ma
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Haijing Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Famei Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xianzhong Yan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Potentiating therapeutic effects by enhancing synergism based on active constituents from traditional medicine. Phytother Res 2013; 28:526-33. [PMID: 23913598 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Shifting current drug discovery tide from 'finding new drugs' to 'screening natural products' may be helpful for overcoming the 'more investment, fewer drugs' challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), relying on natural products, has been playing a very important role in health protection and disease control for thousands of years in Asia, whose therapeutic efficacy is based on the 'synergism', that is, the combinational effects to be greater than that of the individual drug. Based on syndromes and patient characteristics and guided by the theories of TCM, formulae are designed to contain a combination of various kinds of crude drugs that, when combined, generally assume that a synergism of all ingredients will bring about the maximum of therapeutic efficacy. The increasing evidence has shown that multiple active component combinations of TCM could amplify the therapeutic efficacy of each agent, representing a new trend for modern medicine. However, the precise mechanism of synergistic action remains poorly understood. The present review highlights the concept of synergy and gives some examples of synergistic effects of TCM, and provides an overview of the recent and potential developments of advancing drug discovery towards more agile development of targeted combination therapies from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
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Zhou X, Jia F, Liu X, Wang Y. Total alkaloids of Sophorea alopecuroides-induced down-regulation of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump reverses susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in clinical multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1637-43. [PMID: 22371352 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this report, total alkaloids extracted from the seeds of Sophorea alopecuroides (TASA) was evaluated against clinical Escherichia coli isolates resistant to four tested antibiotics, ampicillin (AM), amikacin (AN), cefotaxime (CTX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The TASA showed an antibacterial activity against the multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. In combination with TASA, synergistic effects on the tested antibiotics against the MRD isolates were observed. Similarly, the isolates pretreated with a lower dose of TASA yielded increased and stable susceptibilities to CIP by 16-32-fold determined by a microbroth dilution checkerboard method. Moreover, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed a constitutive overexpression of the AcrAB-TolC pump system in the tested MDR isolates. The pretreatment of MDR isolates with TASA resulted in a statistically down-regulated expression of acrA and acrB genes, and an up-regulated expression of acrR gene (p < 0.05). But the expression of tolC gene was not significantly altered (p > 0.05). These results suggested that the TASA-induced reversal resistance to CIP might be partially through a mechanism of inhibition of the AcrAB-TolC pump activity in these isolates, implying that the TASA can be used as a potential natural source to develop efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) against AcrAB-TolC pump mediated MDR in E. coli isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China
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