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Safaeian L, Asghari-Varzaneh M, Alavi SS, Halvaei-Varnousfaderani M, Laher I. Cardiovascular protective effects of cinnamic acid as a natural phenolic acid: a review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39101816 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2387694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic acids derived from plants have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cinnamic acid (CA) is a crucial phenolic acid that can form numerous hydroxycinnamic derivate found in many food groups. We review current data on the cardiovascular pharmacology of CA with a focus on CVD and their risk factors including hyperlipidaemia, obesity, hyperglycaemia, cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies demonstrate the lipid-lowering, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, cardio-protective and vasorelaxant activities of CA. The protective impacts of CA against CVD occur by inhibiting inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways, regulating the genes and enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms, and promoting vasodilation. This review showed that the most studied and prominent effects of CA are anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic properties. In conclusion, intake of plant foods rich in CA may reduce CVD risk especially through regulating blood glucose and lipids levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Asghari-Varzaneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Sadegh Alavi
- Hakiman Pazhooh Co., Incubator and Entrepreneurship Center, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Zhang J, Xie X, Qin T, Yao H, Ling Z, Deng F, Yue X, He L. Development of novel nitric oxide production inhibitors based on the 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10866-0. [PMID: 38709458 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the smallest signaling molecule known, can be excessively produced by overexpressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and eventually leads to multiple inflammatory related diseases. Thus, reducing the overexpression of NO represents as very potential anti-inflammatory strategy. In current study, a series of compounds were designed and synthesized based on the hybridization of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and cinnamamide fragments in order to develop novel NO production inhibitors. Among them, compound S2h displayed a vigorous inhibitory activity on NO production with an IC50 value of 3.21 ± 0.67 µM, which was much lower than that of the positive control Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, IC50 = 28.36 ± 3.13 µM). Due to its obeying Lipinski's and Veber's rules that guarantee compounds with good oral bioavailability, S2h effectively suppressed the paw swelling in carrageenan-induced mice. Additionally, compound S2h formed clear interactions with iNOS protein according to the docking analysis. Therefore, compounds S2h is a promising lead compound for further development of potent iNOS inhibitors or anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingsheng Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hualiang Yao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Ling
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengyuan Deng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Linhong He
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Mohanty D, Padhee S, Sahoo C, Jena S, Sahoo A, Chandra Panda P, Nayak S, Ray A. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to decipher the multitarget pharmacological mechanism of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil in treating inflammation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24120. [PMID: 38298712 PMCID: PMC10828654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases contribute to more than 50 % of global deaths. Research suggests that network pharmacology can reveal the biological mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases and drug effects at the molecular level. The aim of the study was to clarify the biological mechanism of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) and predict molecular targets of CZEO against inflammation by employing network pharmacology and in vitro assays. First, the genes related to inflammation were identified from the Genecards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. The CZEO targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction and Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA) database. A total of 1057 CZEO and 526 anti-inflammation targets were obtained. The core hub target of CZEO anti-inflammatory was obtained using the protein-protein interaction network. KEGG pathway analysis suggested CZEO to exert anti-inflammatory effect mainly through Tumor necrosis factor, Toll-like receptor and IL-17 signalling pathway. Molecular docking of active ingredients-core targets interactions was modelled using Pyrx software. Docking and simulation studies revealed benzyl benzoate to exhibit good binding affinity towards IL8 protein. MTT assay revealed CZEO to have non-cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells. CZEO also inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and promoted the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, CZEO inhibited intracellular ROS generation, NF-kB nuclear translocation and modulated the expression of downstream genes involved in Toll-like receptor signalling pathway. The results deciphered the mechanism of CZEO in treating inflammation and provided a theoretical basis for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajani Mohanty
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sucheesmita Padhee
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Chiranjibi Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudipta Jena
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Chandra Panda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Ray
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinganagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
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Al Thani NA, Hasan M, Yalcin HC. Use of Animal Models for Investigating Cardioprotective Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:975-986. [PMID: 37052784 PMCID: PMC10615955 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent one type of new-generation type 2 diabetes (T2DM) drug treatment. The mechanism of action of an SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in treating T2DM depends on lowering blood glucose levels effectively via increasing the glomerular excretion of glucose. A good number of randomized clinical trials revealed that SGLT2is significantly prevented heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular death in T2DM patients. Despite ongoing clinical trials in HF patients without T2DM, there have been a limited number of translational studies on the cardioprotective properties of SGLT2is. As the cellular mechanism behind the cardiac benefits of SGLT2is is still to be elucidated, animal models are used to better understand the pathways behind the cardioprotective mechanism of SGLT2i. In this review, we summarize the animal models constructed to study the cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is to help deliver a more comprehensive understanding of the in vivo work that has been done in this field and to help select the most optimal animal model to use when studying the different cardioprotective effects of SGLT2is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa A Al Thani
- Research and Development Department, Barzan Holdings, P. O. Box 7178, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maram Hasan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Lin M, Long J, Yao J, Lin Y, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Ai Q, Chen N, Yang Y. Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:519. [PMID: 37533007 PMCID: PMC10394930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a significant impact on global mortality rates, encompassing conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), atherosclerosis (AS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and advancement of CVDs, highlighting its significance as a contributing factor. Maintaining an equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant systems not only aids in mitigating oxidative stress but also confers protective benefits on cardiac health. Herbal monomers can inhibit OS in CVDs by activating multiple signaling pathways, such as increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant systems and decreasing the level of ROS expression. Given the actions of herbal monomers to significantly protect the normal function of the heart and reduce the damage caused by OS to the organism. Hence, it is imperative to recognize the significance of herbal monomers as prospective therapeutic interventions for mitigating oxidative damage in CVDs. This paper aims to comprehensively review the origins and mechanisms underlying OS, elucidate the intricate association between CVDs and OS, and explore the therapeutic potential of antioxidant treatment utilizing herbal monomers. Furthermore, particular emphasis will be placed on examining the cardioprotective effects of herbal monomers by evaluating their impact on cardiac signaling pathways subsequent to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal&Child Health Care, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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Manilall A, Mokotedi L, Gunter S, Le Roux R, Fourie S, Flanagan CA, Millen AME. Increased protein phosphatase 5 expression in inflammation-induced left ventricular dysfunction in rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:539. [PMID: 36494772 PMCID: PMC9732989 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titin phosphorylation contributes to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. The independent effects of inflammation on the molecular pathways that regulate titin phosphorylation are unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of collagen-induced inflammation and subsequent tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibition on mRNA expression of genes involved in regulating titin phosphorylation in 70 Sprague-Dawley rats. LV diastolic function was assessed with echocardiography. Circulating inflammatory markers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and relative LV gene expression was assessed by Taqman® polymerase chain reaction. Differences in normally distributed variables between the groups were determined by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. For non-normally distributed variables, group differences were determined by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Collagen inoculation increased LV relative mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared to controls, indicating local microvascular inflammation. Collagen inoculation decreased soluble guanylate cyclase alpha-2 (sGCα2) and soluble guanylate cyclase beta-2 (sGCβ2) expression, suggesting downregulation of nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signaling. Inhibiting TNF-α prevented collagen-induced changes in VCAM1, iNOS, sGCα2 and sGCβ2 expression. Collagen inoculation increased protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) expression. Like LV diastolic dysfunction, increased PP5 expression was not prevented by TNF-α inhibition. CONCLUSION Inflammation-induced LV diastolic dysfunction may be mediated by a TNF-α-independent increase in PP5 expression and dephosphorylation of the N2-Bus stretch element of titin, rather than by TNF-α-induced downregulation of NO-sGC-cGMP pathway-dependent titin phosphorylation. The steady rise in number of patients with inflammation-induced diastolic dysfunction, coupled with low success rates of current therapies warrants a better understanding of the systemic signals and molecular pathways responsible for decreased titin phosphorylation in development of LV diastolic dysfunction. The therapeutic potential of inhibiting PP5 upregulation in LV diastolic dysfunction requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmeetha Manilall
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Lebogang Mokotedi
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Sulè Gunter
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Regina Le Roux
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Serena Fourie
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Colleen A. Flanagan
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Aletta M. E. Millen
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
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Das G, Gonçalves S, Basilio Heredia J, Romano A, Jiménez-Ortega LA, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Shin HS, Patra JK. Cardiovascular protective effect of cinnamon and its major bioactive constituents: An update. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Babaeenezhad E, Nouryazdan N, Nasri M, Ahmadvand H, Moradi Sarabi M. Cinnamic acid ameliorate gentamicin-induced liver dysfunctions and nephrotoxicity in rats through induction of antioxidant activities. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07465. [PMID: 34278037 PMCID: PMC8264605 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to evaluate the possible protective effects of cinnamic acid (CA) against Gentamicin (GM) induced liver and kidney dysfunctions in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups (n = 8): Control group (saline, 0.5 ml/day), CA group (CA, 50 mg/kg/day), GM group (GM, 100 mg/kg/day), and GM + CA group (100 & 50 mg/kg/day). Following 12 days of treatments, blood and 24 h urine samples were collected and kidneys were taken out for biochemical, histopathological, and molecular studies. Following CA treatment, renal function markers and transaminases activities including serum urea (59.92%) and creatinine (50.41%), protein excretion rate (43.67%), and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (54.34%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (47.26%) significantly reduced in the treated group as compared with the GM group (P < 0.05). Also, CA could significantly ameliorate the levels of triglyceride (29.70%), cholesterol (13.02%), very low-density lipoprotein (29.69%) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (7.28%). CA could also attenuate oxidative stress through a decrease of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (50.86%) and nitric oxide (NO) (0.85%) and an increase of renal catalase (CAT) (196.14%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities (45.88%) as well as GPX mRNA expression (44.42-fold) as compared with the GM group (P < 0.05). Moreover, histopathological evaluations revealed attenuated tubular damages and reduced inflammatory cellular infiltration in CA treated animals. Overall, CA alleviates GM-induced nephrotoxicity and alterations in transaminases activities in rats through its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moradi Sarabi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Lan SH, Lai WT, Zheng SY, Yang L, Fang LC, Zhou L, Tang B, Duan J, Hong T. Upregulation of Connexin 40 Mediated by Nitric Oxide Attenuates Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via the Nitric Oxide-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Protein Kinase G Pathway. World Neurosurg 2020; 136:e476-e486. [PMID: 31953101 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to elucidate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and connexin 40 (Cx40) in the induction of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in vivo. METHODS A SAH rat model was established using the double-bleed method. A total of 108 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 6 groups: SAH; SAH plus diethylenetriamine (DETA)/NO (exogenous NO donor); SAH plus 8-bromoadenosine (8-Br)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; protein kinase G [PKG] activator); SAH plus DETA/NO plus KT5823 (PKG inhibitor); SAH plus DETA/NO plus 40Gap27 (Cx40 inhibitor); and sham. The changes in the diameter of the branch microvessels in the middle cerebral artery were recorded. The neurological score was evaluated using the Garcia scoring system. Basilar artery (BA) tension was measured using the Danish Myo Technology myograph system. Cx40 protein expression was analyzed using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Endothelial NO synthase, soluble guanylate cyclase, and PKG protein expression were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS A considerable narrowing of the cerebral vessels was detected in the SAH group compared with that in the sham group. Moreover, compared with the sham group, the SAH group showed a marked decrease in Cx40, endothelial NO synthase, soluble guanylate cyclase, and PKG expression. The expression of Cx40 and PKG were obviously higher in the SAH plus DETA/NO and SAH plus 8-Br-cGMP groups than in the SAH group. However, Cx40 was lower in the SAH plus DETA/NO plus KT5823 and SAH plus DETA/NO plus 40Gap27 groups than in the SAH plus ETA/NO group. The BAs showed significant vasodilation in the SAH plus DETA/NO and SAH plus 8-Br-cGMP groups. However, the vasodilation response of BAs was inhibited in the SAH plus DETA/NO plus KT5823 and SAH plus DETA-NO plus 40Gap27 groups. CONCLUSIONS The NO-cGMP-PKG pathway alleviated cerebral vasospasm via Cx40 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hai Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Tao Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Su Yue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Chun Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Zhang N, Feng B, Ma X, Sun K, Xu G, Zhou Y. Dapagliflozin improves left ventricular remodeling and aorta sympathetic tone in a pig model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:107. [PMID: 31429767 PMCID: PMC6702744 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a difficult disease with high morbidity and mortality rates and lacks an effective treatment. Here, we report the therapeutic effect of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), on hypertension + hyperlipidemia-induced HFpEF in a pig model. Methods HFpEF pigs were established by infusing a combination of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and angiotensin II (Ang II), and Western diet (WD) feeding for 18 weeks. In the 9th week, half of the HFpEF pigs were randomly assigned to receive additional dapagliflozin treatment (10 mg/day) by oral gavage daily for the next 9 weeks. Blood pressure, lipid levels, echocardiography and cardiac hemodynamics for cardiac structural and functional changes, as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in the plasma and tissues were measured. After sacrifice, cardiac fibrosis, the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and NO-cGMP-PKG pathway activity in the cardiovascular system were also determined. Results Blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were markedly increased in HFpEF pigs, but only blood pressure was significantly decreased after 9 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment. By echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessment, dapagliflozin significantly attenuated heart concentric remodeling in HFpEF pigs, but failed to improve diastolic function and compliance with the left ventricle (LV). In the dapagliflozin treatment group, TH expression and norepinephrine concentration in the aorta were strongly mitigated compared to that in the HFpEF group. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in aortic tissue were markedly elevated in HFpEF pigs and inhibited by dapagliflozin. Furthermore, the reduced expression of eNOS and the PKG-1 protein and the cGMP content in the aortas of HFpEF pigs were significantly restored after 9 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment. Conclusion 9 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment decreases hypertension and reverses LV concentric remodeling in HFpEF pigs partly by restraining sympathetic tone in the aorta, leading to inhibition of the inflammatory response and NO-cGMP-PKG pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guidong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Hossain E, Sarkar O, Li Y, Anand-Srivastava MB. Inhibition of overexpression of Giα proteins and nitroxidative stress contribute to sodium nitroprusside-induced attenuation of high blood pressure in SHR. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13658. [PMID: 29595917 PMCID: PMC5875540 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We earlier showed that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit enhanced expression of Giα proteins which was attributed to the decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), because elevation of the intracellular levels of NO by NO donors; sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), attenuated the enhanced expression of Giα proteins. Since the enhanced expression of Giα proteins is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the present study was undertaken to investigate if treatment of SHR with SNP could also attenuate the development of high blood pressure (BP) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Intraperitoneal injection of SNP at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg body weight twice a week for 2 weeks into SHR attenuated the high blood pressure by about 80 mmHg without affecting the BP in WKY rats. SNP treatment also attenuated the enhanced levels of superoxide anion (O2- ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), peroxynitrite (ONOO- ), and NADPH oxidase activity in VSMC from SHR to control levels. In addition, the overexpression of different subunits of NADPH oxidase; Nox-1, Nox-2, Nox-4, P22phox , and P47phox , and Giα proteins in VSMC from SHR were also attenuated by SNP treatment. On the other hand, SNP treatment augmented the decreased levels of intracellular NO, eNOS, and cGMP in VSMC from SHR. These results suggest that SNP treatment attenuates the development of high BP in SHR through the elevation of intracellular levels of cGMP and inhibition of the enhanced levels of Giα proteins and nitroxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekhtear Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Madhu B Anand-Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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de Andrade TU, Brasil GA, Endringer DC, da Nóbrega FR, de Sousa DP. Cardiovascular Activity of the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils. Molecules 2017; 22:E1539. [PMID: 28926969 PMCID: PMC6151533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries and decrease the quality of life, which has enormous social and economic consequences for the population. Recent studies on essential oils have attracted attention and encouraged continued research of this group of natural products because of their effects on the cardiovascular system. The pharmacological data indicate a therapeutic potential for essential oils for use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review reports the current studies of essential oils chemical constituents with cardiovascular activity, including a description of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flávio Rogério da Nóbrega
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa PB 58051-970, Brazil.
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa PB 58051-970, Brazil.
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Xia T, Guan W, Fu J, Zou X, Han Y, Chen C, Zhou L, Zeng C, Wang WE. Tirofiban induces vasorelaxation of the coronary artery via an endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling by activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:599-605. [PMID: 27018249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, is an antiplatelet drug extensively used in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and exerts an therapeutic effect on no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Previous studies elucidated the vasodilation caused by tirofiban in the peripheral artery. However, whether tirofiban exerts a vasodilator effect on the coronary artery is unclear. Our present study found that tirofiban induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the isolated rat coronary artery pre-constricted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Further study showed that incubation of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) with tirofiban increased NO production, which was ascribed to the increased eNOS phosphorylation. This was confirmed by the loss of the vasorelaxant effect of tirofiban in the presence of l-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) and L-NMMA (NOS inhibitor) but not SMT (iNOS inhibitor) on isolated rat coronary arteries. The vasorelaxation was also blocked by the PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, as well as the Akt inhibitor SH-5, indicating the role of PI3K and Akt in tirofiban-mediated vasodilation. Moreover, further study showed that soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ, or blockers of potassium channel (big-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel) blocked tirofiban-induced vasodilation of the coronary artery. These findings suggest that tirofiban induces vasorelaxation via an endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling through the activation of the Akt/eNOS/sGC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Weiwei Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China.
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Vasconcelos-Silva AA, Lima FJBD, Brito TSD, Lahlou S, Magalhães PJC. Vasorelaxation induced by methyl cinnamate, the major constituent of the essential oil of Ocimum micranthum, in rat isolated aorta. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:755-62. [PMID: 25115734 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the vascular effects of the E-isomer of methyl cinnamate (E-MC) in rat isolated aortic rings and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects. At 1-3000 μmol/L, E-MC concentration-dependently relaxed endothelium-intact aortic preparations that had been precontracted with phenylephrine (PHE; 1 μmol/L), with an IC50 value (geometric mean) of 877.6 μmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) 784.1-982.2 μmol/L). These vasorelaxant effects of E-MC remained unchanged after removal of the vascular endothelium (IC50 725.5 μmol/L; 95% CI 546.4-963.6 μmol/L) and pretreatment with 100 μmol/L N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (IC50 749.0 μmol/L; 95% CI 557.8-1005.7 μmol/L) or 10 μmol/L 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (IC50 837.2 μmol/L; 95% CI 511.4-1370.5 μmol/L). Over the concentration range 1-3000 μmol/L, E-MC relaxed K(+) -induced contractions in mesenteric artery preparations (IC50 314.5 μmol/L; 95% CI 141.9-697.0 μmol/L) with greater potency than in aortic preparations (IC50 1144.7 μmol/L; 95% CI 823.2-1591.9 μmol/L). In the presence of a saturating contractile concentration of K(+) (150 mmol/L) in Ca(2+) -containing medium combined with 3 μmol/L PHE, 1000 μmol/L E-MC only partially reversed the contractile response. In contrast, under similar conditions, E-MC nearly fully relaxed PHE-induced contractions in aortic rings in a Ba(2+) -containing medium. In preparations that were maintained under Ca(2+) -free conditions, 600 and 1000 μmol/L E-MC significantly reduced the contractions induced by exogenous Ca(2+) or Ba(2+) in KCl-precontracted preparations, but not in PHE-precontracted preparations (in the presence of 1 μmol/L verapamil). In addition, E-MC (1-3000 μmol/L) concentration-dependently relaxed the contractions induced by 2 mmol/L sodium orthovanadate. Based on these observations, E-MC-induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effects appear to be preferentially mediated by inhibition of plasmalemmal Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. However, the involvement of a myogenic mechanism in the effects of E-MC is also possible.
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Song F, Li H, Sun J, Wang S. Protective effects of cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:125-30. [PMID: 24001892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cinnamomum cassia is a well-known traditional Chinese herb that is widely used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). It has favorable effects, but its mechanism is not clear. To investigate the effects of cinnamic aldehyde (CA) and cinnamic acid (CD) isolated from Cinnamomum cassia against myocardial ischemia produced in rats by isoproterenol (ISO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally to nine groups: a control group, an untreated model group, CA (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg) or CD (37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg) treatment, or propranolol (30 mg/kg). Rats were treated for 14 days and then given ISO, 4 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days by subcutaneous injection. ST-segment elevation was measured after the last administration. Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), and blood rheology were measured after the rats were sacrificed. The hearts were excised for determining heart weight index, microscopic examination, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. RESULTS CA and CD decreased the ST elevation induced by acute myocardial ischemia, decreased serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, TNF-α and IL-6, and increased serum NO activity. CA and CD increased SOD activity and decreased MDA content in myocardial tissue. CONCLUSION CA and CD were cardioprotective in a rat model of ischemic myocardial injury. The protection was attributable to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as increased NO. The results support further study of CA and CD as potential treatments for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shanxi, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, Shanxi, China
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