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Machado M, Queiroz-Machado CRR, Queiroz F, Gardner DR, Riet-Correa F. Hair loss and endocrine dermatosis on horses raised in a Mimosa pudica var. unijuga-invaded area. Toxicon 2024; 247:107844. [PMID: 38960289 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A Mimosa pudica var. unijuga-associated toxicity affecting horses occurred in Araguari, Triângulo Mineiro, Southeast Brazil. Affected horses had gradual hair loss of the mane and tail and endocrine dermatosis after grazing for three months during the dry season on a paddock invaded by the plant. The main histological lesions include compact ortho-keratotic hyperkeratosis and numerous flame follicles. Toxicological analysis by HPLC-UV demonstrated 0.8 mg/g of mimosine in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael Machado
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental del Norte, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.
| | - Cintia R R Queiroz-Machado
- Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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2
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Coy D, Cruz-Carrillo A, Lizarazo-Cely S. Some phytotoxins causing reproductive alterations in ruminants. Toxicon 2024; 247:107769. [PMID: 38795851 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The presence of phytotoxins in plants constitutes a health risk for herbivores, particularly on ruminants who accidently consume them. Among the adverse effects produced by these are reproductive alterations, represented by abortion, infertility, and morphological alterations in neonates, which are frequently attributed to other causes. While in some cases the plants that contain such metabolites are known, other times they are not, leading to alterations that are difficult to treat considering that their toxicodynamics are unknown. The objective of this documentary research is to provide information on how metabolites such as phytoestrogens, L-mimosine, labdane diterpenoids - isocupressic acid, quinolizidine alkaloids and piperidine swainsonine, anabasine, coniine and associated alkaloids, among others, exert their action in the animal organism and the effects they produce.
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3
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Chen R, Meng S, Wang A, Jiang F, Yuan L, Lei L, Wang H, Fan W. The genomes of seven economic Caesalpinioideae trees provide insights into polyploidization history and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100944. [PMID: 38733080 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The Caesalpinioideae subfamily contains many well-known trees that are important for economic sustainability and human health, but a lack of genomic resources has hindered their breeding and utilization. Here, we present chromosome-level reference genomes for the two food and industrial trees Gleditsia sinensis (921 Mb) and Biancaea sappan (872 Mb), the three shade and ornamental trees Albizia julibrissin (705 Mb), Delonix regia (580 Mb), and Acacia confusa (566 Mb), and the two pioneer and hedgerow trees Leucaena leucocephala (1338 Mb) and Mimosa bimucronata (641 Mb). Phylogenetic inference shows that the mimosoid clade has a much higher evolutionary rate than the other clades of Caesalpinioideae. Macrosynteny comparison suggests that the fusion and breakage of an unstable chromosome are responsible for the difference in basic chromosome number (13 or 14) for Caesalpinioideae. After an ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) shared by all Caesalpinioideae species (CWGD, ∼72.0 million years ago [MYA]), there were two recent successive WGD events, LWGD-1 (16.2-19.5 MYA) and LWGD-2 (7.1-9.5 MYA), in L. leucocephala. Thereafter, ∼40% gene loss and genome-size contraction have occurred during the diploidization process in L. leucocephala. To investigate secondary metabolites, we identified all gene copies involved in mimosine metabolism in these species and found that the abundance of mimosine biosynthesis genes in L. leucocephala largely explains its high mimosine production. We also identified the set of all potential genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in G. sinensis, which is more complete than that based on previous transcriptome-derived unigenes. Our results and genomic resources will facilitate biological studies of Caesalpinioideae and promote the utilization of valuable secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Sihan Meng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lihong Lei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
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4
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Hara T, Nakaoka H, Miyoshi T, Ishikawa F. The CST complex facilitates cell survival under oxidative genotoxic stress. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289304. [PMID: 37590191 PMCID: PMC10434909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA is constantly exposed to a variety of genotoxic stresses, and it is crucial for organisms to be equipped with mechanisms for repairing the damaged genome. Previously, it was demonstrated that the mammalian CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complex, which was originally identified as a single-stranded DNA-binding trimeric protein complex essential for telomere maintenance, is required for survival in response to hydroxyurea (HU), which induces DNA replication fork stalling. It is still unclear, however, how the CST complex is involved in the repair of diverse types of DNA damage induced by oxidizing agents such as H2O2. STN1 knockdown (KD) sensitized HeLa cells to high doses of H2O2. While H2O2 induced DNA strand breaks throughout the cell cycle, STN1 KD cells were as resistant as control cells to H2O2 treatment when challenged in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, but they were sensitive when exposed to H2O2 in S/G2/M phase. STN1 KD cells showed a failure of DNA synthesis and RAD51 foci formation upon H2O2 treatment. Chemical inhibition of RAD51 in shSTN1 cells did not exacerbate the sensitivity to H2O2, implying that the CST complex and RAD51 act in the same pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the CST complex is required for maintaining genomic stability in response to oxidative DNA damage, possibly through RAD51-dependent DNA repair/protection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Hara
- Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nakaoka
- Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoicihiro Miyoshi
- Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory for Retrotransposon Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Gene Mechanisms, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kato-Noguchi H. Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World's Worst Alien Plant Species Mimosa pigra and Its Management. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1960. [PMID: 37653876 PMCID: PMC10221770 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mimosa pigra is native to Tropical America, and it has naturalized in many other countries especially in Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia. The species is listed in the top 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species and is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. M. pigra forms very large monospecific stands in a wet-dry tropical climate with conditions such as floodplains, riverbanks, grasslands, forests and agricultural fields. The stands expand quickly and threaten the native flora and fauna in the invasive ranges. Possible mechanisms of the invasion of the species have been investigated and accumulated in the literature. The characteristics of the life history such as the high reproduction and high growth rate, vigorous mutualism with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, very few natural enemies, and allelopathy, and certain secondary metabolites may contribute to the invasiveness and naturalization of M. pigra. Herbicide application, such as aerial spraying, foliar, cut-stump and soil treatments, is the primary control methods of M. pigra. The investigation of the natural enemies of M. pigra has been conducted in its native ranges since 1979, and biological control agents have been selected based on host specificity, rearing and availability. Mechanical control practices, such as hand weeding, bulldozing, chaining and fire, were also effective. However, the species often regrow from the remaining plant parts. Integration of multiple weed control practices may be more effective than any single practice. This is the first review article focusing on the invasive mechanism of M. pigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan
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Hueza IM, Dipe VV, Gotardo AT, Gardner DR, de Almeida ERM, Górniak SL. Potential immunomodulatory response associated with L-mimosine in male Wistar rats. Toxicon 2023; 226:107084. [PMID: 36905965 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala is a plant that is used as animal and human food worldwide. This plant contains the toxic compound namely L-mimosine. The main mechanism of action of this compound involves its ability to chelate metal ions, which may interfere with the proliferative activity of cells and being studied for the treatment of cancer. However, little is known about the effect of L-mimosine on immune responses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-mimosine on immune responses in Wistar rats. Different doses of L-mimosine (25, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered orally by gavage to adult rats for 28 days. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in animals, but a decrease in the T-dependent response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in animals treated with 60 mg/kg L-mimosine and an increase in the intensity of S. aureus phagocytosis by macrophages in animals treated with 40 or 60 mg/kg L-mimosine were observed. Therefore, these findings suggest that L-mimosine did not compromise macrophage activity and inhibited T-dependent clonal expansion during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Machado Hueza
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil; Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanius Vinicius Dipe
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - André Tadeu Gotardo
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Elaine Renata Motta de Almeida
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Lima Górniak
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Artiles-Ortega E, de la Fé-Rodríguez PY, Reguera-Barreto B, Lima-Orozco R, Fievez V. In vitro rumen degradability of tropical legumes and their secondary metabolites depends on inoculum source. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:330. [PMID: 36173493 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro apparent rumen degradability of organic matter (ARDOM) and plant secondary metabolites (ARDPSM) of three tropical legumes (Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia ensiformis, and Leucaena leucocephala) were assessed. For this, 3 experiments were set up, i.e., single end-point incubations (24 h) with ruminal inoculum from either Belgian or Cuban sheep, as well as kinetic assessments (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, and 24 h) inoculum from Belgian sheep. L-mimosine, L-canavanine, Concanavalin A (Con A), and trypsin inhibitor (TI) were the plant secondary metabolites (PSM) targeted in this study. In all three experiments, both beans, as well as forage/bean meals of M. pruriens and C. ensiformis and their PSM, were extensively degraded during 24 h incubation, irrespective of the inoculum source (0.44 to 0.70 and 0.43 to 0.78 g/g of organic matter (OM) for ARDOM, respectively, and > 0.80 g/g for L-canavanine, > 0.76 TIU/TIU for TI, and > 0.95 g/g for Con A, for both legumes). Forage meal of L. leucocephala was considerably less degraded, with apparent ruminal degradabilities of 0.20 g/g OM and 0.35 g/g OM after 24 h incubation with Belgian or Cuban sheep inoculum, respectively. This could - at least partially - be related to L-mimosine, present in L. leucocephala, which was hardly degraded in the Belgian incubation, while a more extensive ruminal breakdown was observed under the Cuban conditions (0.05 g/g PSM vs. 0.78 g/g PSM, respectively). The negative effect of L-mimosine on OM degradability was supported in an additional in vitro experiment with straw and inoculum from Belgian sheep, as ruminal degradation of straw was 31% lower when pure L-mimosine was supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Artiles-Ortega
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba. .,Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba.
| | - Pedro Yoelvys de la Fé-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Beydis Reguera-Barreto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Raciel Lima-Orozco
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba.,Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Merkler DJ, Hawley AJ, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase as a therapeutic target or biomarker for human diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3306-3324. [PMID: 35124797 PMCID: PMC9177522 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides play a key role in controlling many physiological and neurobiological pathways. Many bioactive peptides require a C-terminal α-amide for full activity. The bifunctional enzyme catalysing α-amidation, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), is the sole enzyme responsible for amidated peptide biosynthesis, from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Homo sapiens. Many neuronal and endocrine functions are dependent upon amidated peptides; additional amidated peptides are growth promoters in tumours. The amidation reaction occurs in two steps, glycine α-hydroxylation followed by dealkylation to generate the α-amide product. Currently, most potentially useful inhibitors target the first reaction, which is rate-limiting. PAM is a membrane-bound enzyme that visits the cell surface during peptide secretion. PAM is then used again in the biosynthetic pathway, meaning that cell-impermeable inhibitors or inactivators could have therapeutic value for the treatment of cancer or psychiatric abnormalities. To date, inhibitor design has not fully exploited the structures and mechanistic details of PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Merkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Aidan J Hawley
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030 USA
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030 USA
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Kato-Noguchi H, Kurniadie D. Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala as an Invasive Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131672. [PMID: 35807624 PMCID: PMC9269122 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is native to southern Mexico and Central America and is now naturalized in more than 130 countries. The spread of L. leucocephala is probably due to its multipurpose use such as fodder, timber, paper pulp, shade trees, and soil amendment. However, the species is listed in the world's 100 worst invasive alien species, and an aggressive colonizer. It forms dense monospecific stands and threatens native plant communities, especially in oceanic islands. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy have been reported to play an important role in the invasion of several invasive plant species. Possible evidence for allelopathy of L. leucocephala has also been accumulated in the literature over 30 years. The extracts, leachates, root exudates, litter, decomposing residues, and rhizosphere soil of L. leucocephala increased the mortality and suppressed the germination and growth of several plant species, including weeds and woody plants. Those observations suggest that L. leucocephala is allelopathic and contains certain allelochemicals. Those allelochemicals may release into the rhizosphere soil during decomposition process of the plant residues and root exudation. Several putative allelochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and mimosine were identified in L. leucocephala. The species produces a large amount of mimosine and accumulates it in almost all parts of the plants, including leaves, stems, seeds, flowers, roots, and root nodules. The concentrations of mimosine in these parts were 0.11 to 6.4% of their dry weight. Mimosine showed growth inhibitory activity against several plant species, including some woody plants and invasive plants. Mimosine blocked cell division of protoplasts from Petunia hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm. between G1 and S phases, and disturbed the enzyme activity such as peroxidase, catalase, and IAA oxidase. Some of those identified compounds in L. leucocephala may be involved in its allelopathy. Therefore, the allelopathic property of L. leucocephala may support its invasive potential and formation of dense monospecific stands. However, the concentrations of mimosine, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the vicinity of L. leucocephala, including its rhizosphere soil, have not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan
| | - Denny Kurniadie
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya, Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
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10
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Urriolabeitia A, De Sancho D, López X. Influence of the Nonprotein Amino Acid Mimosine in Peptide Conformational Propensities from Novel Amber Force Field Parameters. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2959-2967. [PMID: 35417161 PMCID: PMC9059123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mimosine is a nonprotein
amino acid derived from plants known for
its ability to bind to divalent and trivalent metal cations such as
Zn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, or Al3+. This results in interesting antimicrobial and anticancer properties,
which make mimosine a promising candidate for therapeutic applications.
One possibility is to incorporate mimosine into synthetic short peptide
drugs. However, how this amino acid affects the peptide structure
is not well understood, reducing our ability to design effective therapeutic
compounds. In this work, we used computer simulations to understand
this question. We first built parameters for the mimosine residue
to be used in combination with two classical force fields of the Amber
family. Then, we used atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with
the resulting parameter sets to evaluate the influence of mimosine
in the structural propensities for this amino acid. We compared the
results of these simulations with homologous peptides, where mimosine
is replaced by either phenylalanine or tyrosine. We found that the
strong dipole in mimosine induces a preference for conformations where
the amino acid rings are stacked over more extended conformations.
We validated our results using quantum mechanical calculations, which
provide a robust foundation for the outcome of our classical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Urriolabeitia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David De Sancho
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, UPV/EHU & Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xabier López
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, UPV/EHU & Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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11
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de Almeida ERM, Martinelli ECL, Pereira EC, Raspantini LER, Hueza IM. Alternative method for oral administration of insoluble toxins to rats. A prenatal study of L-mimosine. Toxicon 2021; 202:82-89. [PMID: 34582830 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-mimosine is a compound found in Leucaena leucocephala, that is used as animal feed due to its high protein content, but it can also cause intoxication. Due to its low solubility in organic and aqueous solvents, its administration in laboratory animals is difficult, especially in delicate periods such as pregnancy. Thus, to circumvent such problems, this study proposes a stress-free form of oral administration with gelatin tablets with flavoring (meat broth) for 14 consecutive days of the gestational period (GD06 to GD20). For that, 17 pregnant Wistar rats divided into 3 groups were used: control (CO; n = 5) not treated; gelatin (GEL; n = 6), which received a gelatin tablet with flavoring; and gelatin with flavoring added 140 mg/kg of L-mimosine (GM; n = 6). All animals received feed and water ad libitum. The parameters analyzed were body weight gain, water and feed consumption, serum biochemistry, blood count and reproductive indices. Among these, only the real and total weight gains of dams showed statistically significant differences, with a decrease in the group GM. Thus, we could observe that flavored gelatin was an efficient and effective administration method to insoluble compounds and long-term administration to pregnant rats, with quick adaptation and without refusal by the animals. In addition, we could observe a direct effect of L-mimosine on the animals' weight gain; however, the dose administered was not sufficient to confer maternal and fetal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R M de Almeida
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Elaine C L Martinelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Edimar C Pereira
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Leonila E R Raspantini
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Isis M Hueza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil; Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, S.P., Brazil.
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12
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Gotardo AT, Dipe VV, Almeida ERMD, Hueza IM, Pfister JA, Górniak SL. Potential toxic effects produced by L-mimosine in the thyroid and reproductive systems. Evaluation in male rats. Toxicon 2021; 203:121-128. [PMID: 34662629 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala is a worldwide plant used as forage; however, its use in animal production has been limited because of the presence of a toxic nonprotein amino acid, L-mimosine. L-mimosine exhibits negative effects not only in ruminants but also in monogastric animals; however, there is little information available on the effect of this amino acid in monogastric species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the general toxicity of L-mimosine in rats, as well as its effects on the endocrine and reproductive systems. L-mimosine was extracted from seeds of L. leucocephala that were administered orally by gavage to adult Wistar rats at different doses of 25, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days. The following parameters were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, serum enzymes, histopathology (liver, kidney, thyroid, thymus, and spleen), serum hormones (testosterone, corticosterone, T3 and T4) and sexual behavior. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in animals, but histopathology revealed consistent lesions in the thyroids. Additionally, rats exposed to L-mimosine presented low serum levels of testosterone, decreased mount numbers and increased mount intervals. Therefore, our study reinforces the assumption that L-mimosine has goitrogenic potential and causes impairment in male reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tadeu Gotardo
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânius Vinicius Dipe
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Renata Motta de Almeida
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis Machado Hueza
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil; Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - James Alan Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant ResearchLaboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Silvana Lima Górniak
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX) - Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 05508-270, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Cell Synchronization Protocols Based on Inhibition of DNA Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910759. [PMID: 34639098 PMCID: PMC8509769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronous cell populations are commonly used for the analysis of various aspects of cellular metabolism at specific stages of the cell cycle. Cell synchronization at a chosen cell cycle stage is most frequently achieved by inhibition of specific metabolic pathway(s). In this respect, various protocols have been developed to synchronize cells in particular cell cycle stages. In this review, we provide an overview of the protocols for cell synchronization of mammalian cells based on the inhibition of synthesis of DNA building blocks-deoxynucleotides and/or inhibition of DNA synthesis. The mechanism of action, examples of their use, and advantages and disadvantages are described with the aim of providing a guide for the selection of suitable protocol for different studied situations.
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14
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Anand BG, Wu Q, Karthivashan G, Shejale KP, Amidian S, Wille H, Kar S. Mimosine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) suppress β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal toxicity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4491-4505. [PMID: 34027236 PMCID: PMC8131740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that increased level/aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides initiate neurodegeneration and subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is no effective treatment for AD. In this study, we reported the effects of gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with a plant-based amino acid mimosine (Mimo-AuNPs), which is found to cross the blood-brain barrier, on the Aβ fibrillization process and toxicity. Thioflavin T kinetic assays, fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy data showed that Mimo-AuNPs were able to suppress the spontaneous and seed-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Spectroscopic studies, molecular docking and biochemical analyses further revealed that Mimo-AuNPs stabilize Aβ1-42 to remain in its monomeric state by interacting with the hydrophobic domain of Aβ1-42 (i.e., Lys16 to Ala21) there by preventing a conformational shift towards the β-sheet structure. Additionally, Mimo-AuNPs were found to trigger the disassembly of matured Aβ1-42 fibers and increased neuronal viability by reducing phosphorylation of tau protein and the production of oxyradicals. Collectively, these results reveal that the surface-functionalization of gold nanoparticles with mimosine can attenuate Aβ fibrillization and neuronal toxicity. Thus, we propose Mimo-AuNPs may be used as a potential treatment strategy towards AD-related pathologies. Mimosine functionalized with gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) can cross blood-brain barrier. Mimo-AuNPs inhibit aggregation of Aβ peptides by interacting with its hydrophobic domain. Mimo-AuNPs can trigger disassembly of pre-aggregated Aβ fibers. Mimo-AuNPs can protect neurons against Aβ toxicity by attenuating intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin G Anand
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Qi Wu
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Kiran P Shejale
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Sara Amidian
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Satyabrata Kar
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
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15
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Biochemistry of plants N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. Amino Acids 2021; 53:801-812. [PMID: 33950299 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants catalyze the biosynthesis of a large number of non-protein amino acids, which are usually toxic for other organisms. In this review, the chemistry and metabolism of N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids from plants are described. These N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids are composed of β-substituted alanines and include mimosine, β-pyrazol-1-yl-L-alanine, willardiine, isowillardiine, and lathyrine. These β-substituted alanines consisted of an N-heterocyclic moiety and an alanyl side chain. This review explains how these individual moieties are derived from their precursors and how they are used as the substrate for biosynthesizing the respective N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. In addition, known catabolism and possible role of these non-protein amino acids in the actual host is explained.
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16
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Singh B, Mal G, Sharma D, Sharma R, Antony CP, Kalra RS. Gastrointestinal biotransformation of phytochemicals: Towards futuristic dietary therapeutics and functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100664. [PMID: 33092236 PMCID: PMC7590051 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeds may contain exogenous compounds that can induce toxicity when ruminants ingest them. These toxins are secondary metabolites originating from various sources including plants, bacteria, algae and fungi. Animal feed toxins are responsible for various animal poisonings which negatively impact the livestock industry. Poisoning is more frequently reported in newly exposed, naïve ruminants while ‘experienced’ ruminants are observed to better tolerate toxin-contaminated feed. Ruminants can possess detoxification ability through rumen microorganisms with the rumen microbiome able to adapt to utilise toxic secondary metabolites. The ability of rumen microorganisms to metabolise these toxins has been used as a basis for the development of preventative probiotics to confer resistance against the poisoning to naïve ruminants. In this review, detoxification of various toxins, which include plant toxins, cyanobacteria toxins and plant-associated fungal mycotoxins, by rumen microorganisms is discussed. The review will include clinical studies of the animal poisoning caused by these toxins, the toxin mechanism of action, toxin degradation by rumen microorganisms, reported and hypothesised detoxification mechanisms and identified toxin metabolites with their toxicity compared to their parent toxin. This review highlights the commercial potential of rumen inoculum derived probiotics as viable means of improving ruminant health and production.
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18
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Biochemical and Genetic Analysis of 4-Hydroxypyridine Catabolism in Arthrobacter sp. Strain IN13. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060888. [PMID: 32545463 PMCID: PMC7356986 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic compounds are widely spread in the biosphere, being constituents of alkaloids, cofactors, allelochemicals, and artificial substances. However, the fate of such compounds including a catabolism of hydroxylated pyridines is not yet fully understood. Arthrobacter sp. IN13 is capable of using 4-hydroxypyridine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Three substrate-inducible proteins were detected by comparing protein expression profiles, and peptide mass fingerprinting was performed using MS/MS. After partial sequencing of the genome, we were able to locate genes encoding 4-hydroxypyridine-inducible proteins and identify the kpi gene cluster consisting of 16 open reading frames. The recombinant expression of genes from this locus in Escherichia coli and Rhodococcus erytropolis SQ1 allowed an elucidation of the biochemical functions of the proteins. We report that in Arthrobacter sp. IN13, the initial hydroxylation of 4-hydroxypyridine is catalyzed by a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (KpiA). A product of the monooxygenase reaction is identified as 3,4-dihydroxypyridine, and a subsequent oxidative opening of the ring is performed by a hypothetical amidohydrolase (KpiC). The 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate formed in this reaction is further converted by KpiB hydrolase to 3-formylpyruvate. Thus, the degradation of 4-hydroxypyridine in Arthrobacter sp. IN13 was analyzed at genetic and biochemical levels, elucidating this catabolic pathway.
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19
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Orr R, Hocking RK, Pattison A, Nelson PN. Extraction of metals from mildly acidic tropical soils: Interactions between chelating ligand, pH and soil type. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126060. [PMID: 32032879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring and synthetic chelating ligands can act as suppressants for fungal pathogens, nematodes and weeds, based on their ability to alter micronutrient bioavailability in soil, particularly iron. Chelators are also used as detergents, for remediation of heavy metal contamination and for supplying metals as fertiliser. The aim of this work was to test the ability of chelators to solubilise metals, in particular iron, in tropical soils over an environmentally relevant pH range. Six topsoils from farms in North Queensland, Australia were adjusted to pH 5, 6 and 7 and then extracted with CaCl2, EDTA, DTPA, EDDHA and mimosine. The extracts were analysed for concentrations of aluminium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, strontium and zinc. EDDHA solubilised iron effectively under all of the conditions tested, indicating its likely suitability for pest suppression. The concentration of aluminium in EDDHA extracts was positively correlated with pH, and at pH 7 the concentration of aluminium was far greater than that of iron. An increase in the mobility of aluminium from EDDHA application to soil may lead to aluminium toxicity in plants, which should be considered further in any practical application of EDDHA. Mimosine, which is also a strong chelator, was a poor extractor of all metals, possibly due to adsorption to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Orr
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Rosalie K Hocking
- Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Anthony Pattison
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, South Johnstone, QLD, 4859, Australia
| | - Paul N Nelson
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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20
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Lachowicz JI, Dalla Torre G, Cappai R, Randaccio E, Nurchi VM, Bachor R, Szewczuk Z, Jaremko L, Jaremko M, Pisano MB, Cosentino S, Orrù G, Ibba A, Mujika J, Lopez X. Metal self-assembly mimosine peptides with enhanced antimicrobial activity: towards a new generation of multitasking chelating agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2862-2879. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid that can be used as a building block in peptides with metal coordination ability.
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21
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Quan NV, Xuan TD, Anh LH, Tran HD. Bio-Guided Isolation of Prospective Bioactive Constituents from Roots of Clausena indica (Dalzell) Oliv. Molecules 2019; 24:E4442. [PMID: 31817276 PMCID: PMC6943736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clausena indica fruits are routinely used for the culinary purpose as natural spices, whereas leaves and roots are folk medicine with various health benefits in southern China, South and Southeast Asia. In this study, the bioassay-guided fractionation by column chromatography yielded three pure compounds including dentatin, nordentatin, and clausine K and five active fractions (Re1-5) from C. indica roots. These known anticancer compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, 1H-, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS-MS) analyses. Meanwhile, the phytochemical constituents from fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The isolates, fractions' components and their biological activities were first time investigated on C. indica. By in vitro DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, nordentatin (IC50 = 49.2 and 69.9 µg/mL, respectively) and the fraction Re4 (32.4 and 38.5 µg/mL, respectively) showed the strongest antiradical activities, whereas clausine K presented a moderate and dentatin had negligible antioxidant activity, respectively. The anti-α-amylase activity of C. indica root extracts was mainly attributed to the fraction Re2 which inactivated the enzymatic assay with IC50 of 573.8 µg/mL. Among tested samples, only nordentatin and clausine K were effective in the pancreatic elastase inhibition, however, their influences were trivial. Markedly, clausine K and Re4 performed the most remarkable tyrosinase inhibition with IC50 values of 179.5 and 243.8 µg/mL, respectively, which were in turn 4 and 3 times stronger than myricetin (IC50 = 735.6 µg/mL), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. This is the first report affirming clausine K to be a new strong tyrosinase inhibitor. Isolated compounds from C. indica roots were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), of which, dentatin, nordentatin, and clausine K accounted for 14.74, 6.14, and 1.28 mg/g dry weight. The findings suggest that bioactive constituents from C. indica roots may be potentially employed for the development of antidiabetic, antiaging and cosmetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Department of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (N.V.Q.); (L.H.A.)
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Department of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (N.V.Q.); (L.H.A.)
| | - La Hoang Anh
- Department of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan; (N.V.Q.); (L.H.A.)
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam;
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22
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Kyriakou S, Mitsiogianni M, Mantso T, Cheung W, Todryk S, Veuger S, Pappa A, Tetard D, Panayiotidis MI. Anticancer activity of a novel methylated analogue of L-mimosine against an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:621-633. [PMID: 31240512 PMCID: PMC7211211 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of a series of novel synthesized, hydroxypyridone-based metal chelators (analogues of L-mimosine) was evaluated in an in vitro model of melanoma consisting of malignant melanoma (A375), non-melanoma epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and immortalized non-malignant keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. More specifically, we have demonstrated that the L-enantiomer of a methylated analogue of L-mimosine (compound 22) can exert a potent anticancer effect in A375 cells when compared to either A431 or HaCaT cells. Moreover, we have demonstrated that this analogue has the ability to i) promote increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ii) activate both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and iii) induce perturbations in cell cycle growth arrest. Our data highlights the potential of compound 22 to act as a promising therapeutic agent against an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - William Cheung
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - David Tetard
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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23
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An appraisal of natural products active against parasitic nematodes of animals. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:306. [PMID: 31208455 PMCID: PMC6580475 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the scientific and patent literature on the activities of purified natural compounds has been reviewed, with the aim of assessing their suitability as anthelmintic drug discovery starting points. Only compounds described as active against parasitic nematodes of animals or against the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been analysed. Scientific articles published since 2010 and patents granted from 2000, both inclusive, have been included in this analysis. The results show a scarcity of novel chemical structures, a limited follow-up of compounds disclosed before 2010 and a bias towards the screening of plant products, almost to the exclusion of other sources, when microbial extracts have, historically, provided most starting points for anti-infective drugs. All plant products published in this period were previously known, alerting to the high re-discovery rates of a limited number of chemical classes from this source. The most promising compounds described in the literature reviewed here, namely the linear nemadectin-derivatives, are novel and of bacterial origin. Patented but otherwise unpublished spiroketal structures also appear as interesting scaffolds for future development. The patent literature confirmed that it is possible to patent derivatives of previously known products, making them valid starting points for translational research.
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24
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Ugone V, Sanna D, Sciortino G, Maréchal JD, Garribba E. Interaction of Vanadium(IV) Species with Ubiquitin: A Combined Instrumental and Computational Approach. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8064-8078. [PMID: 31140794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of VIVO2+ ion and five VIVOL2 compounds with potential pharmacological application, where L indicates maltolate (ma), kojate (koj), acetylacetonate (acac), 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1 H)-pyridinonate (dhp), and l-mimosinate (mim), with ubiquitin (Ub) was studied by EPR, ESI-MS, and computational (docking and DFT) methods. The free metal ion VIVO2+ interacts with Glu, Asp, His, Thr, and Leu residues, but the most stable sites (named 1 and 2) involve the coordination of (Glu16, Glu18) and (Glu24, Asp52). In the system with VIVOL2 compounds, the type of binding depends on the vanadium concentration. When the concentration is in the mM range, the binding occurs with cis-VOL2(H2O), L = ma, koj, dhp, and mim, or with VO(acac)2: in the first case, the equatorial coordination of His68, Glu16, Glu18, or Asp21 residues yields species with formula n[VOL2]-Ub where n = 2-3, while with VO(acac)2 only noncovalent surface interactions are revealed. When the concentration of V is on the order of micromolar, the mono-chelated species VOL(H2O)2+ with L = ma, koj, acac, dhp, and mim, favored by the hydrolysis, interact with Ub, and adducts with composition n[VOL]-Ub ( n = 1-2) are observed with the contemporaneous coordination of (Glu18, Asp21) or (Glu16, Glu18), and (Glu24, Asp52) or (Glu51, Asp52) donors. The results of this work suggest that the combined application of spectroscopic, spectrometric, and computational techniques allow the complete characterization of the ternary systems formed by a V compound and a model protein such as ubiquitin. The same approach can be applied, eventually changing the spectroscopic/spectrometric techniques, to study the interaction of other metal species with other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ugone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università di Sassari , Via Vienna 2 , I-07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Daniele Sanna
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Trav. La Crucca 3 , I-07040 Sassari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università di Sassari , Via Vienna 2 , I-07100 Sassari , Italy.,Departament de Química , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia , Università di Sassari , Via Vienna 2 , I-07100 Sassari , Italy
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25
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Identifying and targeting cancer-specific metabolism with network-based drug target prediction. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:98-106. [PMID: 31126892 PMCID: PMC6558238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic rewiring allows cancer cells to sustain high proliferation rates. Thus, targeting only the cancer-specific cellular metabolism will safeguard healthy tissues. Methods We developed the very efficient FASTCORMICS RNA-seq workflow (rFASTCORMICS) to build 10,005 high-resolution metabolic models from the TCGA dataset to capture metabolic rewiring strategies in cancer cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) was used as a test case for a repurposing workflow based on rFASTCORMICS. Findings Alternative pathways that are not required for proliferation or survival tend to be shut down and, therefore, tumours display cancer-specific essential genes that are significantly enriched for known drug targets. We identified naftifine, ketoconazole, and mimosine as new potential CRC drugs, which were experimentally validated. Interpretation The here presented rFASTCORMICS workflow successfully reconstructs a metabolic model based on RNA-seq data and successfully predicted drug targets and drugs not yet indicted for colorectal cancer. Fund This study was supported by the University of Luxembourg (IRP grant scheme; R-AGR-0755-12), the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR PRIDE PRIDE15/10675146/CANBIO), the Fondation Cancer (Luxembourg), the European Union‘s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska- Curie grant agreement No 642295 (MEL-PLEX), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the project MelanomSensitivity (BMBF/BM/7643621).
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26
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Lebedev VG, Krutovsky KV, Shestibratov KA. …Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees. Molecules 2019; 24:E1636. [PMID: 31027270 PMCID: PMC6514861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products that can serve as natural herbicides and insecticides is a promising direction because of their greater safety for humans and environment. Secondary metabolites of plants that are toxic to plants and insects-allelochemicals-can be used as such products. Woody plants can produce allelochemicals, but they are studied much less than herbaceous species. Meanwhile, there is a problem of interaction of woody species with neighboring plants in the process of introduction or invasion, co-cultivation with agricultural crops (agroforestry) or in plantation forestry (multiclonal or multispecies plantations). This review describes woody plants with the greatest allelopathic potential, allelochemicals derived from them, and the prospects for their use as biopesticides. In addition, the achievement of and the prospects for the use of biotechnology methods in relation to the allelopathy of woody plants are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim G Lebedev
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 50a/2 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 495 Horticulture Rd, College Station, TX 77843-2138, USA.
| | - Konstantin A Shestibratov
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Rodrigues-Corrêa KCDS, Honda MDH, Borthakur D, Fett-Neto AG. Mimosine accumulation in Leucaena leucocephala in response to stress signaling molecules and acute UV exposure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:432-440. [PMID: 30482504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid of Fabaceae, such as Leucaena spp. and Mimosa spp. Several relevant biological activities have been described for this molecule, including cell cycle blocker, anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, herbivore deterrent and allelopathic activities, raising increased economic interest in its production. In addition, information on mimosine dynamics in planta remains limited. In order to address this topic and propose strategies to increase mimosine production aiming at economic uses, the effects of several stress-related elicitors of secondary metabolism and UV acute exposure were examined on mimosine accumulation in growth room-cultivated seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata. Mimosine concentration was not significantly affected by 10 ppm salicylic acid (SA) treatment, but increased in roots and shoots of seedlings treated with 84 ppm jasmonic acid (JA) and 10 ppm Ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound), and in shoots treated with UV-C radiation. Quantification of mimosine amidohydrolase (mimosinase) gene expression showed that ethephon yielded variable effect over time, whereas JA and UV-C did not show significant impact. Considering the strong induction of mimosine accumulation by acute UV-C exposure, additional in situ ROS localization, as well as in vitro antioxidant assays were performed, suggesting that, akin to several secondary metabolites, mimosine may be involved in general oxidative stress modulation, acting as a hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion quencher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box CP 15005, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Michael D H Honda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box CP 15005, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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28
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Sciortino G, Sanna D, Ugone V, Maréchal JD, Garribba E. Integrated ESI-MS/EPR/computational characterization of the binding of metal species to proteins: vanadium drug–myoglobin application. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An integrated strategy based on ESI-MS spectrometry, EPR spectroscopy and docking/QM computational methods is applied to the systems formed by VIVO2+ ions and four potential VIVOL2 drugs and myoglobin. This approach is generizable to other metals and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
- Departament de Química
| | - Daniele Sanna
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare
- I-07040 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Valeria Ugone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
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29
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Mujika JI, Dalla Torre G, Lachowicz JI, Lopez X. In silico design of mimosine containing peptides as new efficient chelators of aluminum. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7688-7697. [PMID: 35521183 PMCID: PMC9061177 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new and efficient chelators that can remove aluminium(iii), a metal with increasing recognition as a potential toxic agent, from biological systems is an area of high therapeutic relevance. In the present paper, we present an extensive computational study of a new promising type of these chelators based on mimosine containing peptides. The reason to choose mimosine is that the sidechain of this residue is similar to deferiprone, a ligand known to tightly interact with highly-valent metals, and in particular with Al(iii). In this article we analyze systematically, using a combination of methods that include QM/MM MD simulations, how the size and sequence of the polypeptides can alter the fundamental binding patterns to aluminum, in comparison with the binding to deferiprone. Particular attention is given towards the identification of the smallest peptide that interacts efficiently with aluminum, since polypeptide size is a fundamental factor to allow a given polypeptide to efficiently cross the cell membrane. The results indicate that the longest peptides, with 8 or 9 amino acids, show no difficulties interacting with Al(iii) in an optimum arrangement. By contrast, when the peptide contains five or six amino acids Al(iii) is pentacoordinated, reducing the stability of the resultant complex. In summary, our study demonstrates that the mimosine containing peptides can efficiently coordinate highly valent metals such as Al(iii), with a subtle dependence of the binding on the specific chain-lengths of the polypeptide. We believe that the present study sheds light on the adequacy of this new type of chelator towards aluminum binding. A novel chelator of aluminum is presented, a peptide containing three mimosine residues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
| | - G. Dalla Torre
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
| | - J. I. Lachowicz
- University of Cagliari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- Cittadella Universitaria
- Monserrato
- Italy
| | - X. Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20080 Donostia
- Spain
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30
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Baltazar C, Mun R, Tajmir-Riahi H, Bariyanga J. Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of mimosine with BSA and DNA. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Xu Y, Tao Z, Jin Y, Chen S, Zhou Z, Gong AGW, Yuan Y, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Jasmonate-Elicited Stress Induces Metabolic Change in the Leaves of Leucaena leucocephala. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020188. [PMID: 29364191 PMCID: PMC6017012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Leucaena leucocephala was exposed to four jasmonate elicitors, i.e., jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and 6-ethyl indanoyl glycine conjugate (2-[(6-ethyl-1-oxo-indane-4-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid methyl ester) (CGM). The treatment was to mimic the herbivores and wounding stresses. By using NMR spectroscopy along with chemometric analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the changes of metabolites in the leaves of L. leucocephala were determined under the stress as induced by the four elicitors. The challenge of JA-Ile caused an accumulation of lactic acid (6), β-glucose (10), alanine (12), threonine (13), steroids (18), 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (19) and an unidentified compound 20. The chemometric analysis of the PCA and PLS-DA models indicated that the alternation of metabolites triggered by JA, MeJA, and CGM treatments were very minimum. In contrast, the treatment by JA-Ile could induce the most significant metabolic changes in the leaves. Moreover, there was very minimal new metabolite being detected in responding to the jasmonate-induced stresses. The results showed some metabolite concentrations changed after application of the elicitors, which may be related to a high level of tolerance to stress conditions as well as the strong ecological suitability of L. leucocephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhenru Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Amy G W Gong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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32
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Mita P, Wudzinska A, Sun X, Andrade J, Nayak S, Kahler DJ, Badri S, LaCava J, Ueberheide B, Yun CY, Fenyö D, Boeke JD. LINE-1 protein localization and functional dynamics during the cell cycle. eLife 2018; 7:30058. [PMID: 29309036 PMCID: PMC5821460 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
LINE-1/L1 retrotransposon sequences comprise 17% of the human genome. Among the many classes of mobile genetic elements, L1 is the only autonomous retrotransposon that still drives human genomic plasticity today. Through its co-evolution with the human genome, L1 has intertwined itself with host cell biology. However, a clear understanding of L1’s lifecycle and the processes involved in restricting its insertion and intragenomic spread remains elusive. Here we identify modes of L1 proteins’ entrance into the nucleus, a necessary step for L1 proliferation. Using functional, biochemical, and imaging approaches, we also show a clear cell cycle bias for L1 retrotransposition that peaks during the S phase. Our observations provide a basis for novel interpretations about the nature of nuclear and cytoplasmic L1 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and the potential role of DNA replication in L1 retrotransposition. Only two percent of our genetic material or genome are occupied by genes, while between 60-70 percent are made up of hundreds of thousands of copies of very similar DNA sequences. These repetitive sequences evolved from genetic elements called transposons. Transposons are often referred to as ‘jumping genes’, as they can randomly move within the genome and thereby create dangerous mutations that may lead to cancer or other genetic diseases. LINE-1 is the only remaining active transposon in humans, and it expands by copying and pasting itself to new locations via a process called 'retrotransposition'. To do so, it is first transcribed into RNA – the molecules that help to make proteins – and then converted back into identical DNA sequences. Previous research has shown that LINE-1 can form complexes with a series of proteins, including the two encoded by LINE-1 RNA itself: ORF1p and ORF2p. The LINE-1 complexes can enter the nucleus of the cell and insert a new copy of LINE-1 into the genome. However, until now it was not known how they do this. To investigate this further, Mita et al. used human cancer cells grown in the lab and tracked LINE-1 during the different stages of the cell cycle. The results showed that LINE-1 enters the nucleus as the cell starts to divide and the membrane of the nucleus breaks down. The LINE-1 complexes are then retained in the nucleus while the membrane of the nucleus reforms. Later, as the cell duplicates its genetic material, LINE-1 starts to copy and paste itself. Mita et al., together with another group of researchers, also found that during this process, only LINE-1 RNA and ORF2p were found in the nucleus. This shows that the cell cycle dictates both where the LINE-1 complexes gather and when LINE-1 is active. A next step will be to further investigate how the ‘copy and paste’ mechanisms of LINE-1 and the two LINE-1 proteins are regulated during the cell cycle. In future, this may help to identify LINE-1’s role in processes like aging or in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mita
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Aleksandra Wudzinska
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Xiaoji Sun
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Joshua Andrade
- Proteomics laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Proteomics laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - David J Kahler
- High Throughput Biology (HTB) Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Sana Badri
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - John LaCava
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States.,Proteomics laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Chi Y Yun
- High Throughput Biology (HTB) Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute of Systems Genetics (ISG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
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