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Xu X, Guo S, Chen J, Song Y, Wu X, Liu F, Duan JA. Comparative pharmacokinetics of multi-components in normal and stomach cold syndrome rats after oral administration of Zingiberis Rhizoma - Jujubae Fructus herb pair and its single herb extracts by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124193. [PMID: 38865851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The Zingiberis Rhizoma - Jujubae Fructus herb pair (ZJHP) is a classic herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine. The herb pair shows the effect of dispelling cold, harmonizing the middle and improving gastrointestinal function, and is widely used for patients with stomach cold syndrome (SCS), stomachache and anemofrigid cold. The gingerols, shogaols, flavonoids and triterpenic acids are the important bioactive ingredients of ZJHP. However, few pharmacokinetic studies have been investigated in vivo for the above compounds. To comprehend the kinetics of active components and promote their curative application, a fast and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of 12 analytes in normal and SCS rats in this study. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, t1/2z, MRT0-t, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞) in SCS model were significantly different from those in normal rats. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of rats given ZJHP were also varied from single herb oral administration, especially in model condition. These results indicated that the in vivo processes of the above analytes changed under pathological conditions and the compatibility of the herb pair could significantly influence the absorption of active components, which might provide an insight and further supports for the clinical application of ZJHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiangyan Chen
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuhan Song
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueli Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Xianyang 710061, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Sun M, Li M, Cui X, Yan L, Pei Y, Wang C, Guan C, Zhang X. Terpenoids derived from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil enhance sleep by modulating neurotransmitter signaling in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26979. [PMID: 38463787 PMCID: PMC10923681 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil (SZSO) is a natural vegetable oil extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its sleep-promoting properties, while the mechanisms are still unclear. Our findings revealed that the terpenoids present in SZSO (T-SZSO) were identified as the active components responsible for promoting sleep. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that T-SZSO targeted different sleep-aid pathways to varying degrees and exhibited potential for preventing central nervous system diseases. Notably, lupeol and betulinicaldehyde exhibited more pronounced effects. Additionally, T-SZSO significantly elevated serotonin levels, enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, promoted GABA A receptor expression, and decreased glutamate and norepinephrine expression levels. Moreover, T-SZSO was found to downregulate IL-1β expression while upregulating superoxide dismutase and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels. In conclusion, this study presents the first investigation into the pharmacological basis of SZSO in promoting sleep and highlights the potential of nature food in improving suboptimal health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Health Foods R&D Office of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xinwen Cui
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Health Foods R&D Office of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yiqiao Pei
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Health Foods R&D Office of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Chunbo Guan
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Chu Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Du C, Yan Y. An integrated liver, hippocampus and serum metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS revealed the therapeutical mechanism of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in p-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5796. [PMID: 38009807 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a well-known herbal medicine for treating insomnia, is popular in not only China but also in Europe, India and Iran. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, taking the targeted organs of insomnia, the liver and hippocampus, as the objects, a combination metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was established to illustrate the abnormality of metabolic characteristics of the liver, hippocampus and serum of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia rats and to demonstrate the mechanism of ZSS in treating insomnia. The results showed that ZSS could restore the brain cell morphology, decrease the degree of hepatocyte necrosis and regulate the disturbance of neurotransmitters and hormones in insomnia rats. In terms of metabolomics, a total of 33 liver metabolites, 25 hippocampal metabolites and 18 serum metabolites were finally selected as the potential biomarkers and an important pathway of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis was common in three tissues in PCPA rats. Meanwhile, ZSS significantly reversed the levels of 23 liver metabolites, 15 hippocampal metabolites and 5 serum metabolites. The present study demonstrates the actions of ZSS in treating insomnia by enhancing both cerebral and hepatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Chu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenhui Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Dayi Hospital affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Yuan H, Tang Y, Zhang S, Yan S, Li A, Yu Y, Sun Y, Zheng F. NLRP3 neuroinflammatory intervention of Mahuang-Lianqiao-Chixiaodou decoction for mental disorders in atopic dermatitis mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117263. [PMID: 37783411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mahuang-Lianqiao-Chixiaodou decoction (MLCD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) formula recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases. It is commonly used for clinical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the potential mechanisms of MLCD intervention in AD combined with mental disorders behaviors such as anxiety and depression remain elusive and deserves further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to observe the effect of MLCD on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in AD mice and explore the possible neuroinflammatory mechanism of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of MLCD extracts were identified using UHPLC-MS. The AD mice were induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and treated with MLCD or mometasone furoate (MF, as a positive control) for 7 days. The pathological changes in their skin tissue and brain hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Elevated plus-maze test (EPM), open field test (OFT), and the suspended tail (TST) were used to measure the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in AD mice. Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in brain hippocampus were measured by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting (WB). RESULTS We found that MLCD contain many active ingredients, including ephedrine, Forsythoside A, phillyrin, glycyrrhizic acid, etc. Both MLCD and MF alleviated skin lesions and promoted positive histopathological changes in the hippocampus of AD mince to varying degrees. MLCD however, could further increase their proportion of open arm entry times (Oentries%) in EPM, residence time in the central area (Ctime) and the proportion of the number of times in the central area (Centries%) in OFT significantly. MLCD also reduces their immobility time in TST considerably. Mechanistically, MLCD downregulated the relative mRNA expression and protein level of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in hippocampal tissue compared to the model group. CONCLUSIONS MLCD can alleviate anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in AD mice by intervening in the gene and protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related factors, thus treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Aorou Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanru Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Fengjie Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Zare H, Nabavizdeh SH, Jaladat AM, Zarshenas MM, Moghtaderi M, Basirat A, Nasri N. The Added-on of Ziziphus jujube Syrup in the Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Resistant to Standard-Dose of Secondary-generation H 1 Antihistamine: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:582-590. [PMID: 38094286 PMCID: PMC10715122 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.95531.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Although antihistamines are the first-line treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), 50% of patients don't respond to standard doses. In this study, the effectiveness of Ziziphus jujube fruit syrup in combination with antihistamines was assessed in patients with CSU. Methods This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in Shiraz between December 2019 and December 2020. 64 patients with CSU who had experienced hives for at least six weeks and did not respond to the usual treatments were enrolled in the study. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using permuted block random allocation. For four weeks, the intervention group received 7.5 mL Ziziphus jujube syrup twice a day, while the control group received 7.5 mL simple jujube syrup twice a day. Both groups received cetirizine 10 mg every night. Urticaria activity score (UAS) and CU-Q2oL questionnaires were used to assess urticaria state and sleep quality before and after each week for four consecutive weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups' mean of UAS (P=0.490) and sleep quality (P=0.423). During the follow-up, UAS in the intervention group was significantly lower (P=0.001). Moreover, this difference was significant on the day 28 (P=0.046). During the follow-up, the quality of sleep in both groups improved significantly, and this improvement was more significant in the intervention group. Conclusion Ziziphus jujube syrup could be an effective adjuvant treatment for CSU.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190304042916N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zare
- Department of Persian Medicine; School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Health System Research, Vice Chancellor of Treatment, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hesamedin Nabavizdeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mohamad Jaladat
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mehdi Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moghtaderi
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Basirat
- Health System Research, Vice Chancellor of Treatment, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Nasri
- Health System Research, Vice Chancellor of Treatment, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gong L, Xie JB, Luo Y, Qiu ZD, Liu JR, Mei NJ, Chen ZY, Wang FL, Huang Y, Guo J, Cui GH, Zhang YQ, Lai CJS. Research progress of quality control for the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Suan-Zao-Ren) and its proprietary Chinese medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116204. [PMID: 36720435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS), the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Chinese name Suan-Zao-Ren), is widely distributed in China, Laos, Myanmar, and Iran. It is a classic traditional Chinese medicine with sedative and sleeping effects. In clinical practice, there are more than 155 proprietary Chinese medicines containing SZS. However, many commercial SZS products are difficult to qualify using current methods. Moreover, there is a scarcity of quality standards for SZS in proprietary Chinese medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to clearly reveal the quality indicators during the entire production process of SZS and its products. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study reviewed more than 230 articles and related books on the quality control of SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines published over the last 40 years (from January 1979 to October 2022). Moreover, where available, information on the quality of SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines was also collected from websites for comparison, including online publications (e.g. PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Web of Science), the information at Yaozhi website and China Medical Information Platform, along with some classic books on Chinese herbal medicine. The literature and information search were conducted using keywords such as "Suan-Zao-Ren", " Ziziphus jujuba" and "quality control", and the latest results from various databases were combined to obtain valid information. The active components, which in vivo exposure, and Q-markers were also summarized. RESULTS The jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and spinosin were revealed as the key Q-markers for SZS. Moreover, the advancements and prospects of the quality control for SZS and its extract, proprietary Chinese medicines, health foods, and adulterants were comprehensively summarized. The high-performance liquid chromatography-UV/evaporative light scattering detection and fingerprint analysis were found to be the mainstream methods for the SZS quality control. In particular, the novel quality evaluation method based on the unit content was applied for SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines. Significant fluctuations were found in the contents of Q-markers. Moreover, the mass transfer rule of Q-markers was comprehensively clarified based on the entire production process, including production origins, ripening time, primary process, processing, compatibility decoction/extract, and storage. Ultimately, the crushing and compatibility of SZS were found to be the key steps affecting the active components. CONCLUSIONS In short, this study provides solid evidences to reveal quality indicators for the entire production process of developing rational quality standards for SZS and its products. Moreover, this study also provides a template quality control overview, which could be extended to other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Jun-Bo Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Ethnic Medicines, Guangxi Institute For Food and Drug Control, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jin-Rui Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Nan-Ju Mei
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Ze-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Feng-Ling Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhang JB, Li MX, Zhang YF, Qin YW, Li Y, Su LL, Li L, Bian ZH, Lu TL. E-eye, flash GC E-nose and HS-GC-MS combined with chemometrics to identify the adulterants and geographical origins of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. Food Chem 2023; 424:136270. [PMID: 37207600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a valuable seed food, has faced increasing authenticity issues. In this study, the adulterants and geographical origins of ZSS were successfully identified by electronic eye, flash gas chromatography electronic nose (Flash GC e-nose) and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). As a result, there were color differences between ZSS and adulterants, mainly represented by the a* value of ZSS was less than adulterants. In ZSS, 29 and 32 compounds were detected by Flash GC e-nose and HS-GC-MS. Spicy, sweety, fruity and herbal were the main flavor of ZSS. Five compounds were determined to be responsible for flavor differences between different geographical origins. In the HS-GC-MS analysis, the relative content of Hexanoic acid was the highest in ZSS from Hebei and Shandong, while 2,4-Decadien-1-ol was the highest in Shaanxi. Overall, this study provided a meaningful strategy for addressing authenticity problems of ZSS and other seed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Ba Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Wen Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lian-Lin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, China.
| | - Tu-Lin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Khoramjouy M, Bayanati M, Noori S, Faizi M, Zarghi A. Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Extract Alone and Combined with Boswellia Serrata Extract on Monosodium Iodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e134338. [PMID: 36896317 PMCID: PMC9990515 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background As a chronic joint condition, osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem among older people. Pain, aching, stiffness, swelling, decreased flexibility, reduced function, and disability are the symptoms of arthritis. Objectives In this study, we tested the extracts of Ziziphus jujuba (ZJE) and Boswellia serrata (BSE) to reduce OA symptoms as an alternative treatment. Methods NMRI mice were administered an intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA; 1 mg/10 mL) in the left knee joint cavity for the induction of OA. Hydroalcoholic extracts of ZJE (250 and 500 mg/kg), BSE (100 and 200 mg/kg), and combined ZJE and BSE were orally administered daily for 21 days. Following behavioral tests, plasma samples were collected to detect inflammatory factors. To screen for general toxicity, acute oral toxicity was evaluated. Results Oral administration of all the hydroalcoholic extracts significantly increased the locomotor activity, pixel values of the foot-print area, paw withdrawal threshold, the latency of the withdrawal response to heat stimulation, and decreased the difference between pixel values of hind limbs compared to the vehicle group. Also, the elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced. As tested in this study, ZJE and BSE were practically nontoxic and had a high degree of safety. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the oral administration of ZJE and BSE slows the progression of OA through anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Oral co-administration of ZJE and BSE extracts can be used as herbal medicine to inhibit OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bayanati
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fazil M, Nikhat S. Therapeutic and palliative role of a Unani herbal decoction in COVID-19 and similar respiratory viral illnesses: Phytochemical & pharmacological perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115526. [PMID: 35843408 PMCID: PMC9281408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and Coronavirus Disease-2019 have been a regular occurrence in the past 100 years. A significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality in influenza is attributed to the co-morbidities and complications induced by the disease, involving the vital organs and physiological functions. In this context, traditional medicines offer effective protective, palliative, and therapeutic benefits, as observed in several studies on various types of influenza, including COVID-19. The Unani herbal decoction comprising of 'Unnāb (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit), Sapistān (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. fruit), and Behīdāna (Cydonia oblonga Mill. seed) was originally prescribed by Hakim Ajmal Khan (1868-1927 AD) for various respiratory ailments as a bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, and for clearing the respiratory tract. During COVID-19, the decoction was prescribed by the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Government of India, for mild patients in home isolation, and also as a self-care drink for healthy people. Preliminary studies are of the view that the decoction could reduce COVID-19 incidence and prevent severe disease in the population where it was administered. AIMS OF THE STUDY We intend to review the pharmacological activity of the Unani decoction ingredients, i.e., Z. jujuba, C. dichotoma, and C. oblonga, in context with respiratory viral infections and their co-morbidities, to develop an understanding of its action mechanism. METHODOLOGY We reviewed Unani classical textbooks for information on the therapeutic activity of the decoction ingredients. Scientific studies published in English from the year 2000 onwards on leading scientific websites (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Springer) were searched for information regarding the efficacy of the drugs in influenza and its common complications. Non-English language articles, or those published prior to 2000, and those which included plant parts other than those traditionally included in the decoction were excluded. OBSERVATIONS A wide range of therapeutic and palliative effects have been observed in the three herbs included in the Unani decoction, including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepato-, and nephroprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tussive, broncho-dilatory, and regulation of gut microbiota. Together, these effects can help to mitigate and prevent most of the complications caused as a result of respiratory viral infections. CONCLUSION The combined effects of ingredients in this Unani herbal decoction can potentially help to mitigate most of the pathological changes and complications caused by influenza viruses. With further clinical research, the decoction may be potentially utilized as a prophylactic and therapeutic against viral influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazil
- Hakim Ajmal Khan Institute for Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, Jamia Millia Islamia Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sadia Nikhat
- Dept. of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Liu Y, Li C, Shen X, Liu Y. The use of traditional Chinese medicines in relieving exercise-induced fatigue. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969827. [PMID: 35935864 PMCID: PMC9353218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue is a non-pathological fatigue and indicated by a reduction of muscle performance that is caused by excessive physical activity. It seriously affects the daily lives of people, in particular athletes, military personnel, and manual laborers. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to improving the adverse effect of exercise-induced fatigue on people’s daily activities. Thus, studies and applications of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in relieving exercise-induced fatigue have become the focus because of their good curative effects with fewer side effects. This review aims to document and summarize the critical and comprehensive information about the biological processes of exercise-induced fatigue, and to know the types of TCMs, their active components, and possible molecular mechanisms in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue. The peripheral and central mechanisms that cause exercise-induced fatigue have been summarized. A total of 47 exercise-induced fatigue relief TCMs have been collected, mostly including the types of visceral function regulation and emotional adjustment TCMs. Polysaccharides, terpenes, flavonoids/polyphenols are demonstrated to be the major bioactive components. The underlying molecular mechanisms are mainly related to the improvement of energy metabolism, elimination of excess metabolites, inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulation of HPA axis and neurotransmitters. Although current results are obtained mostly from animal models, the clinic trials are still insufficient, and a very few TCMs have been reported to possess potential hepatotoxicity. These findings still offer great reference value, and the significant efficacy in relieving exercise-induced fatigue is impossible to ignore. This review is expected to give insights into the research and development of new TCMs-derived drugs and health care products in relieving exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Liu
- School of Leisure Sports, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Yue Liu,
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Shen, ; Yue Liu,
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11
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Guo P, Zhang B, Zhao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu A, Du G. Medicine-Food Herbs against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Their Traditional Functional Features, Substance Basis, Clinical Practices and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030901. [PMID: 35164167 PMCID: PMC8839204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that currently has reached epidemic proportions among elderly populations around the world. In China, available traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that organically combine functional foods with medicinal values are named “Medicine Food Homology (MFH)”. In this review, we focused on MFH varieties for their traditional functional features, substance bases, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action (MOAs) for AD prevention and treatment. We consider the antiAD active constituents from MFH species, their effects on in vitro/in vivo AD models, and their drug targets and signal pathways by summing up the literature via a systematic electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science). In this paper, several MFH plant sources are discussed in detail from in vitro/in vivo models and methods, to MOAs. We found that most of the MFH varieties exert neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairments by inhibiting neuropathological signs (Aβ-induced toxicity, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity), including anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, antiautophagy, and antiapoptosis, etc. Indeed, some MFH substances and their related phytochemicals have a broad spectrum of activities, so they are superior to simple single-target drugs in treating chronic diseases. This review can provide significant guidance for people’s healthy lifestyles and drug development for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
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Bian Z, Zhang W, Tang J, Fei Q, Hu M, Chen X, Su L, Fei C, Ji D, Mao C, Tong H, Yuan X, Lu T. Mechanisms Underlying the Action of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the Treatment of Insomnia: A Study Involving Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:752211. [PMID: 35002696 PMCID: PMC8740267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms and related bioactive components of ZSS for the treatment of insomnia. Method: The insomnia model of rat induced by PCPA was established. After oral administration of ZSS extract, the general morphological observation, pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test and histopathological evaluation were carried out. Network pharmacology, assisted by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS analysis, was developed to identify the targets of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways. In addition, we validated the identified targets and pathways by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test, determination of 5-HT and GABA levles in hypothalamic tissues and HE staining showed that ZSS extract was an effective treatment for insomnia. Network pharmacology analysis identified a total of 19 candidate bioactive ingredients in ZSS extract, along with 433 potentially related targets. Next, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI), MCODE clustering analysis, GO functional enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and ingredient-target-pathway (I-T-P) sub-networks analysis. These methods allowed us to investigate the synergistic therapeutic effects of crucial pathways, including the serotonergic and GABAergic synapse pathways. Our analyses revealed that palmitic acid, coclaurine, jujuboside A, N-nornuciferine, caaverine, magnoflorine, jujuboside B, and betulinic acid, all played key roles in the regulation of these crucial pathways. Finally, we used the PCPA-induced insomnia in rats to validate the data generated by network pharmacology; these in vivo experiments clearly showed that pathways associated with the serotonergic and GABAergic system were activated in the rats model. Furthermore, ZSS treatment significantly suppressed high levels of HTR1A, GABRA1, and GABRG2 expression in the hypothalamus and reduced the expression levels of HTR2A. Conclusion: Based on the combination of comprehensive network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, we successfully identified the potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia. The results provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of ZSS, and also provide support for the development of innovative drugs for the treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyue Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qianqian Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - De Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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13
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Maddahi SZ, Jokar A, Kamalinejad M, Behnampur N. The efficacy of Jujube syrup on the prevention of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 10:e00902. [PMID: 34939363 PMCID: PMC8929366 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is the most common complication of anti-tuberculosis drugs that can cause significant problems. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Jujube syrup on the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). This pilot randomized double-blind study was conducted based on a placebo-controlled design in patients with tuberculosis (TB). The patients were divided into two groups based on the block random allocation method and received 10 cc of jujube or placebo syrup per day. The liver enzyme levels were assessed as primary outcomes, and the severity of cough, anorexia, and nausea along with the quality of life (QOL) was assessed as secondary outcomes. Finally, eight and nine patients in the jujube and placebo groups completed the study, respectively. In the second week of the study, 27.3% of the patients in the placebo group developed hepatotoxicity. Moreover, there was no liver toxicity in the jujube group. This difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = .037). Furthermore, the severity of cough in patients in the jujube group decreased significantly during weeks 2 and 4. The QOL significantly improved in the jujube group, compared to the placebo group. This study suggested that Jujube syrup could prevent anti-TB DIH. It can also improve the severity of cough and the QOL in pulmonary TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Maddahi
- Persian Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Assie Jokar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Behnampur
- Department of Biostatistics, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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14
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Lu Y, Bao T, Mo J, Ni J, Chen W. Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34128368 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a highly nutritious and functional fruit, is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide, especially in China. Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects. In this paper, the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed, and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed. As a dietary supplement, jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, dietary fiber, alkaloids, and other nutrients. These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, sedative, and antiviral functions. Of note is that new constituents, including alkaloids, dietary fiber, and other bioactive substances, as well as the antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit, are systematically reviewed here for the first time. Meanwhile, problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed. Therefore, this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianling Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingdan Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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15
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Mohebbati R, Kamkar-Del Y, Shahraki S, Khajavi Rad A. The testicular protective effects of standardised hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill against adriamycin-induced toxicity. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13974. [PMID: 33565101 DOI: 10.1111/and.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of the Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ), we assessed the protective properties of the ZJ extract against testis toxicity caused by Adriamycin in the rat. Twenty rats were grouped into (a) control, (b) Adriamycin, (c) ZJ group and (d) treatment group in which Adriamycin was administrated and the ZJ hydroalcoholic extract was used for three weeks. On the 21st day, two testes were removed to determine the oxidation markers and pathological evaluation. The levels of sex hormones were determined. Epididymis also was crushed, and its spermatozoa were evaluated as concentration, motility and normality. Adriamycin increased oxidative stress markers as well as Luteinising hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and decreased testosterone levels compared to control. In the treated group, the levels of the above markers improved. The decreased number and motility of spermatozoa in treatment group increased, and the increased rate of abnormal spermatozoa in this group decreased. Pathological evaluations also show the healing process of damaged testicular tissue in the group receiving the ZJ extract. The ZJ extract relatively improves oxidative stress, sperm characteristics, hormonal alternation and pathological changes. These findings reveal the probable role of ZJ effective compounds in repairing tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohebbati
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yasamin Kamkar-Del
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Shahraki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Antiviral Plants in View of Avicenna’s The Canon of Medicine and Modern Medicine Against Common Cold. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:99-121. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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17
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Zhang H, Shao S, Han R, Zhang R, Ma X, Wang M, Wan Z, Zhao D, Yan M. Structural, physicochemical and functional properties of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae protein. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29555-29566. [PMID: 35521113 PMCID: PMC9055952 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou) is a functional food and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. Herein, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae protein (SZSP) was prepared by an alkaline extraction and acid precipitation method, of which the structural, physicochemical, functional and emulsion properties were investigated. Results showed that SZSP contained an ideal amino acid composition. The structural properties of the proteins were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), relative fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analysis. The electrophoresis profiles showed that the main molecular weight of the protein components was about 10-40 kDa and contained some glycoproteins. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the denaturation temperature of SZSP was 110.5 °C. The functional properties showed that SZSP has good water and oil absorption capacity, high emulsifying ability and foaming stability. The overall results suggest that SZSP is a promising protein source for the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Han
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Xintong Ma
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 131200 P. R. China .,Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine 131200 P. R. China
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Miao W, Sheng L, Yang T, Wu G, Zhang M, Sun J, Ainiwaer A. The impact of flavonoids-rich Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Extract on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:187. [PMID: 32552790 PMCID: PMC7301566 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of flavonoids-rich Ziziphus jujuba Mill. extract (FZM) against the formation of bacterial biofilms (BBFs) in Staphylococcus aureus. Results FZM can effectively inhibit the formation of S. aureus biofilms in vitro. Morphological observation showed a decrease in both biofilm adhesion and thickness. Results of confocal laser scanning microscopy used to detect the thickness of the BBFs showed that FZM treatment reduced the thickness of the BBFs. Furthermore, after the Image-Pro Plus v.6.0 analysis of the fluorescence intensity, FZM treatment reduced the thickness of the BBFs as well as the proportion of green fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy showed that FZM can disrupt the channels available for substance exchange in the biofilm, thus exposing the bacterial cells and damaging its three-dimensional structures. Conclusion FZM can inhibit biofilm formation, improve the bacterial pH environment, and eliminate the hydrophobic effect of reactive oxygen species and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Miao
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Pharmacology Department, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Central Laboratory of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Central Laboratory of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- Central Laboratory of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Aikemu Ainiwaer
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Birling Y, Jia M, Li G, Sarris J, Bensoussan A, Zhu X. Zao Ren An Shen for insomnia: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2020; 69:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Alzahrani AM, Alzahrani AA, Alsharm AA. The Use of Ziziphus spina-christi Extract in Treating Erlotinib (Tarceva®) Associated Rash: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 12:909-912. [PMID: 31911777 DOI: 10.1159/000504696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common side effect for cancer patients using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI) is the development of an itchy papulopustular rash. In severe cases, the patients are forced to stop taking the medications, hence affecting treatment outcomes. We herein report a case of a 50-year-old patient who developed a papulopustular rash after starting erlotinib. He treated himself with Ziziphus spina-christi leaves which is a plant well known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties in the middle east. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory, soothing, and antibacterial activity of the Ziziphus tree might actually represent a possible better treatment of the rash than available treatments, particularly in patients on EGFR blockers, and hence improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Alzahrani
- Oncology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A Alzahrani
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chinese herbal medicine therapy and the risk of overall mortality for patients with liver cancer who underwent surgical resection in Taiwan. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Sobhani Z, Emami SA, Rajabi O. Comparison between HPLC and HPTLC densitometry for the determination of spinosin from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit extracts. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1576140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhou QH, Zhou XL, Xu MB, Jin TY, Rong PQ, Zheng GQ, Lin Y. Suanzaoren Formulae for Insomnia: Updated Clinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:76. [PMID: 29479317 PMCID: PMC5811769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is a widespread and refractory disease. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Suanzaoren, a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, has been used for treating insomnia for thousands of years. Here, we aimed to assess the available evidence of Chinese herbal formulae that contains Suanzaoren (FSZR) for insomnia according to high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and reviewed their possible mechanisms based on animal-based studies. Electronic searches were performed in eight databases from inception to November 2016. The primary outcome measures were polysomnography index and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. The secondary outcome measures were clinical effective rate and adverse events. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by Cochrane's collaboration tool, and only RCTs with positive for 4 out of 7 for the Cochrane risk of bias domains were included in analyses. Thirteen eligible studies with 1,454 patients were identified. Meta-analysis of high-quality RCTs showed that FSZR monotherapy was superior to placebo (P < 0.01); FSZR plus Diazepam was superior to Diazepam alone (P < 0.05); there were mixed results comparing FSZR with Diazepam (P > 0.05 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, FSZR caused fewer side effects than that of Diazepam. Suanzaoren contains complex mixtures of phytochemicals including sanjoinine A, Jujuboside A, spinosin and other flavonoids, which has sedative and hypnotic functions primarily mediated by the GABAergic and serotonergic system. In conclusion, the findings of present study supported that FSZR could be an alternative treatment for insomnia in clinic. FSZR exerted sedative and hypnotic actions mainly through the GABAergic and serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Bei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Qing Rong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Shergis JL, Ni X, Sarris J, Zhang AL, Guo X, Xue CC, Lu C, Hugel H. Ziziphus spinosa seeds for insomnia: A review of chemistry and psychopharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:38-43. [PMID: 28899507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chinese medicine, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou is widely used for the treatment of insomnia. PURPOSE/SECTIONS This paper summarises the chemistry, psychopharmacology, and compares the pharmaceutical effects of the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba plant, Ziziphus spinosa (ZS) seeds, with benzodiazepines. Whole extracts and constituent compounds have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS ZS secondary metabolites modulate GABAergic activity and the serotonergic system. The actual therapeutic agents require further confirmation/identification so that new insomnia phytomedicines can be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannah Linda Shergis
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Xiaojia Ni
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Department of Psychiatry and The Melbourne Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3121, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Charlie C Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Helmut Hugel
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001 VIC, Australia.
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Preet S, Tomar RS. Anthelmintic effect of biofabricated silver nanoparticles using Ziziphus jujuba leaf extract on nutritional status of Haemonchus contortus. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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