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Torres-Benítez A, Ortega-Valencia JE, Hillmann-Eggers M, Sanchez M, Pereira I, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Simirgiotis MJ. Chemical composition and antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytoprotective activity of two Antarctic lichens of the genus Psoroma (Pannariaceae). Nat Prod Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38813688 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2360150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Lichens contain different types of chemical compounds with multiple biological activities that demonstrate their potential pharmacological use. This research aims to report the metabolomic identification of the ethanolic extracts of P. antarcticum and P. hypnorum, their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and their cytoprotection activity. Sixteen metabolites were identified in P. antarcticum and twelve in P. hypnorum; the extracts reported variable antioxidant activity with IC50 >350 µg/mL in DPPH·, values >18 µmol Trolox/g in ORAC and >40 µmol Trolox/g in FRAP and a phenolic compound content >10 mg GAE/g, as well as significant results in cholinesterases, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities with IC50 ranging from 18 to 510 µg/mL, and which were complemented by molecular docking experiments. Both extracts showed improved cytoprotection at the concentrations of 0.5 to 1.0 μg/mL. This study contributes to the knowledge of the chemical diversity of Antarctic lichen extracts and their effectiveness in the evaluation of biological activities related to neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres-Benítez
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | - Marta Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pereira
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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2
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Deng S, Yuan P, Sun J. The role of NF-κB in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer: opportunities and challenges. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:538. [PMID: 38642209 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family, consisting of several transcription factors, has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and invasion, as well as inflammatory reactions and tumor development. Cervical cancer (CC) results from long-term interactions of multiple factors, among which persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is necessary. During different stages from early to late after HPV infection, the activity of NF-κB varies and plays various roles in carcinogenesis and progress of CC. As the center of the cell signaling transduction network, NF-κB can be activated through classical and non-classical pathways, and regulate the expression of downstream target genes involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment and acquiring hallmark traits of CC cells. Targeting NF-κB may help treat CC and overcome the resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Even though NF-κB inhibitors have not been applied in clinical treatment as yet, due to limitations such as dose-restrictive toxicity and poor tumor-specificity, it is still considered to have significant therapeutic potential and application prospects. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB in the process of CC occurrence and hallmark capabilities acquisition. Finally, we summarize relevant NF-κB-targeted treatments, providing ideas for the prevention and treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Deng
- The Second Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Roy R, Chatterjee N, Khan MS, Sultana F, Roy A, Naskar S, Guha R, Sen S, Chakrabarti J, Chatterjee BP, Panda CK, Dutta S. High prevalence of CD44 and its ligand low molecular weight hyaluronan in plasma of HNSCC patients: clinical significance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:157. [PMID: 38252332 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the role of cancer stem cell marker, CD44, and its ligand HA as potential molecular biomarker for early detection of HNSCC. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression profile (mRNA/Protein) of CD44 variants were analysed in primary HNSCC lesions and plasma of the patients. Then, prevalence of HA variants was analysed in plasma of the patients. The mRNA expression of CD44 variants, CD44S and CD44v3, were significantly high in both early (stage I/II) and late (stage III/IV) invasive lesions, with predominant expression of CD44v3 in the late-stage lesions. In plasma of HNSCC patients, increased levels of SolCD44, CD44-ICD and unique 62 KD CD44 variants with respect to standard CD44S were seen, in comparison to their prevalence in plasma of normal individuals. The abundance of CD44-ICD and 62 KD variants were significantly high in plasma of late stage HNSCC patients. Interestingly, significantly high level of low molecular weight HA(LMW HA) with respect to high molecular weight HA(HMW HA) was seen in plasma of HNSCC patients irrespective of clinical stages. On the contrary, high HMW HA level in plasma of normal individuals was seen. The high level of LMW HA in plasma of HNSCC patients might be due to combinatorial effect of increased mRNA expression of HA synthesizing enzyme HAS1/2/3 and HA degrading enzyme HYAL1/2, as seen in the primary HNSCC samples. CONCLUSION Thus, our data revealed the importance of specific CD44 and HA variants in plasma of HNSCC patients during its development as potential non-invasive molecular biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Roy
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjana Chatterjee
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Sadi Khan
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhin Sultana
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Roy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanya Naskar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagar Sen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Chakrabarti
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bishnu Pada Chatterjee
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sankhadeep Dutta
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Kumar G, Pandey DM, Ghosh M, Dall'Acqua S, Gupta R, Tiwari NP, Siddique UM, Vishwakrama L, Guleri SK, Lal UR, Dubey S. Karanjin, A Promising Bioactive Compound Possessing Anti-cancer Activity against Experimental Model of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:317-333. [PMID: 37936467 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206255557231024095245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to isolate the Millettia pinnata (Karanj) leaf extract for pure compound with anticancer properties and to study the molecular target of the isolates in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. BACKGROUND In our earlier research Millettia pinnata leaf extract has demonstrated potential anticancer activities. Thus, in pursuit of the bioactive compounds, the most potential active extract from our previous study was purified. Furthermore, the anticancer properties of the isolated compound karanjin was studied and aimed for apoptosis and restraining growth. METHODS A novel method was developed through column chromatography for isolation and purification of the compound karanjin from leaf chloroform extract. The purified component was then characterised using FTIR, mass spectrometry, and NMR. An MTT-based cytotoxicity assay was used to analyse cell cytotoxicity, whereas fluorescence staining was used for apoptosis and reactive oxygen species inhibition quantification. Furthermore, the real-time PCR assay was used to determine the molecular mechanism of action in cells causing cytotoxicity induced by karanjin dosing. RESULTS The anticancer activity of karanjin in A549 cell line exhibited prominent activity revealing IC50 value of 4.85 μM. Conferring the predicted molecular pathway study, karanjin restrains the proliferation of cancer cells through apoptosis, which is controlled by extrinsic pathway proteins FAS/FADD/Caspases 8/3/9. Downregulation of KRAS and dependent gene expression also stopped cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Karanjin has been identified as a compound with potential effect in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Molecular mechanism for apoptosis and inhibition of reactive oxygen species induced through H2O2 were observed, concluding karanjin have medicinal and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
- Birsa Munda Government Medical College, Shahdol, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nishi Prakash Tiwari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Usman Mohd Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | | | | | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
- Department of Natural Products, NIPER Ahmedabad, India
| | - Supriya Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, India
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S R Dwivedi P, Shastry C. Anti-tumor potential and mode of action of karanjin against breast cancer; an in-silico approach. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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6
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Metabolomic Profiling, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties and Molecular Docking Analysis of Antarctic Lichens. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228086. [PMID: 36432187 PMCID: PMC9692326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lichen species Lecania brialmontii, Pseudephebe pubescens, and Sphaerophorus globosus are part of the prominent lichenoflora of the Antarctic territory. In this work, we report the metabolomic identification of ethanolic extracts of these species, their antioxidant and cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity, and conduct a molecular docking analysis with typical compounds. Eighteen compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in L. brialmontii, 18 compounds in P. pubescens, and 14 compounds in S. globosus. The content of phenolic compounds was variable among the species, ranging from 0.279 to 2.821 mg AG/g, and all three species showed high inhibition potential on the cholinesterase enzymes. Molecular docking showed important interactions between AChE and BChE with the selected compounds. This study evidences the chemical fingerprint of three species of the order Lecanorales that support the continuation of the study of other biological activities and their potential for medical research.
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Yu J, Yang H, Lv C, Dai X. The cytotoxicity of karanjin toward breast cancer cells is involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1673-1682. [PMID: 36065628 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Karanjin is a bioactive furanoflavonoid with various pharmacological activities including anticancer activities. However, the effect and the related mechanism of karanjin in breast cancer (BC) have not been revealed. The potential targets of karanjin and BC were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases, respectively. The overlapping targets between karanjin and BC were identified using the Venn diagram. DAVID database was used for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were examined by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide), EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick-end labeling) assays, respectively. The protein levels were measured by western blot analysis. We screened out 28 overlapping targets between karanjin and BC. KEGG analysis showed that the targets of karanjin in BC were associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Karanjin inhibited cell viability and impeded the proliferative ability of BC cells. Moreover, karanjin treatment induced apoptosis in BC cells. Additionally, karanjin treatment blocked the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway reversed the antitumor effect of karanjin on BC cells. In conclusion, karanjin exerted antitumor activity in BC cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Nanyang, Nanyang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanshi Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, China
| | - Chunliu Lv
- Department of Breast Tumor Plastic Surgery (Department of Head and Neck Surgery), Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bhatt G, Gupta A, Rangan L, Mukund Limaye A. Global transcriptome analysis reveals partial estrogen-like effects of karanjin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Gene 2022; 830:146507. [PMID: 35447244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Karanjin, an abundantly occurring furanoflavonoid in edible and non-edible legumes, exerts diverse biological effects in vivo, and in vitro. Its potential as an anticancer agent is gaining traction following recent demonstrations of its anti-proliferative, cell cycle inhibitory, and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the genomic correlates of these activities are not known. In the present study we delineated the transcriptomic footprint of 10 μM karanjin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using next generation sequencing technology (RNA-seq). We show that karanjin-modulated gene-expression repertoire is enriched in several hallmark gene sets, which include early estrogen-response, and G2/M checkpoint genes. Genes modulated by karanjin overlapped with those modulated by 1 nM 17β-estradiol (E2), or 1 μM tamoxifen. The results suggest partial estrogen-like activity of karanjin, thereby presenting a caveat to its anticancer potential. Further investigations into its mechanisms of action are warranted to ascertain the true potential of karanjin in anticancer, or endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Akshita Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Latha Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Patel DK, Patel K. Therapeutic importance and pharmacological activities of karanjin in the medicine for the treatment of Human disorders: A review through scientific data analysis. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220307113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds:
Plant and derived herbal drugs have been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human health complications since a very early age. Commercial products prepared from natural herbs have been always valuable for the society in the form of health supplement to medicament. In the ancient time, herbal products were mainly prepared from plants and their derived phytochemical. Plants contain a rich source of pure phytochemical called secondary metabolite and examples are flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and terpenoids etc. Plants and their parts including fruits, flowers, vegetables etc. are the best source of Flavonoid class phytochemicals.
Methods:
Present work summarized the scientific information of karanjin for their health beneficial aspects and pharmacological activities including its analytical aspects. In the present investigation, scientific data of karanjin have been collected from various scientific databases such as Google, Goggle Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed and analyzed to know the health beneficial aspects of karanjin in the medicine. Further pharmacological activity data has been collected and analyzed in the present work to know their biological potential in the medicine. Analytical methods used for the separation, isolation, and identification of karanjin for the standardization of different natural products have been also discussed in the present work.
Results:
Scientific data analysis signified the biological importance of Flavonoid class phytochemicals in the medicine as they are well known for their anti-ischemic, vasodilatory, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. Scientific data analysis revealed the presences of karanjin in numerous medicinal plants such as Fordia cauliflora, Lonchocarpus latifolius, Millettia pinnata, Millettia pubinervis, Pongamia pinnata, and Tephrosia purpurea. Pharmacological activity data revealed the biological potential of karanjin against cancerous disorders, glucose metabolism abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, inflammatory disorders, colitis, psoriasis and brain related disorders. However, analytical data signified the importance of RP-HPLC, TLC, HPTLC, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HSCCC techniques in the medicine for the quantification of karanjin in different samples.
Conclusion:
Presented information about karanjin in this review paper will be beneficial to the scientific peoples of the world to know the health beneficial aspects of karanjin in the medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fernández-Galleguillos C, Quesada-Romero L, Puerta A, Padrón JM, Souza E, Romero-Parra J, Simirgiotis MJ. UHPLC-MS Chemical Fingerprinting and Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Gaultheria pumila Berries. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080523. [PMID: 34436464 PMCID: PMC8401902 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaultheria pumila (Ericaceae) (known as Chaura or Mutilla) is a Chilean native small shrub that produces berry fruits consumed by local Mapuche people. In this study, the chemical fingerprinting and antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative activities of the berries were investigated for the first time. Thirty-six metabolites were identified in the fruits by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection, hyphenated with Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-DAD-Orbitrap-MS). Metabolites, included anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, diterpenes, and fatty acids. Moderate inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (7.7 ± 0.3 µg/mL), butyrylcholinesterase (34.5 ± 0.5 µg/mL), and tyrosinase (3.3 ± 0.2 µg/mL) enzymes were found. Moreover, selected major compounds were subjected to docking assays in light of their experimental inhibition. Results indicated that hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, and a salt bridge interaction contributed significantly. Gaultheria pumila berries showed a total phenolic content of 189.2 ± 0.2 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g, total flavonoid content of 51.8 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and total anthocyanin content of 47.3 ± 0.2 mg of cianydin-3-glucoside equivalents/g. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (92.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL), FRAP (134.1 ± 0.1 μmol Trolox equivalents/g), and ORAC (4251.6 ± 16.9 μmol Trolox equivalents/g) assays. Conversely, Gaultheria pumila showed a scarce antiproliferative potential against several solid human cancer cells. Our findings suggest that Gaultheria pumila berries have several bioactive metabolites with inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase, and have the potential for use in food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Galleguillos
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Luisa Quesada-Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Q.-R.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +56-632632811 (L.Q.-R.)
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.P.)
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (A.P.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Ernane Souza
- The Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA;
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Casilla 233, Santiago 6640022, Chile;
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Q.-R.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +56-632632811 (L.Q.-R.)
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Goel B, Tripathi N, Bhardwaj N, Sahu B, Jain SK. Therapeutic Potential of Genus Pongamia and Derris: Phytochemical and Bioactivity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:920-951. [PMID: 33238843 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201124211846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genus Pongamia and Derris belong to the Leguminosae family and are reported synonymously in literature. Although many compounds have been isolated from different plant parts but seed oil is known to produce non-edible medicinally important furanoflavonoids. The seed oil, commonly known as Karanj oil in Ayurvedic and Siddha traditional systems of medicine, is reported for the treatment of various skin infections and psoriasis. Several phytopharmacological investigations have proved the medicinal potential of furanoflavonoids in the skin and other disorders. Not only furanoflavonoids but several other important phenolic constituents such as chalcones, dibenzoylmethanes, aurones, isoflavones, flavanone dihydroflavonol, flavans, pterocarpans, rotenoids, coumarins, coumestans, stilbenoids and peltygynoids and their glycosides have been reported for different biological activities including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, anti-alzheimer's, gastro protective, antifungal, antibacterial, etc. In the present review, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genera Pongamia and Derris have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Downregulation of Hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling pathway in cervical cancer cell by natural polyphenols Plumbagin, Pongapin and Karanjin. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3701-3709. [PMID: 34081254 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA)-CD44 pathway showed association with several malignancies. The natural polyphenols Plumbagin, Pongapin and Karanjin showed anti-cancer activities in different tumors including cervical carcinoma. To understand their mechanism of anti-cancer activity, the effect of the compounds on HA-CD44 pathway was analyzed in cervical cancer cell line HeLa. The mRNA expression of three different isoforms of CD44 i.e., CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6, was differentially downregulated by the compounds. This was validated by Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis of CD44s.The low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) showed growth promoting activity in HeLa at low concentration, whereas high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) had no such effect. The compounds could preferentially downregulate the LMW-HA level in HeLa, as evident in the cell as well as in the cell-free conditioned medium. Concentration-dependent upregulation of HA synthase-2 (HAS2) was seen in the cell by the compounds, whereas differential downregulation of hyalurinidases 1-4 (HYAL 1-4), predominantly HYAL1, were seen. The compounds could also downregulate the downstream target of the pathway p-AKT (T-308) in concentration-dependent manner. Thus, the compounds could attenuate the HA-CD44 pathway in HeLa cell to restrict the tumor growth.
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Singh A, Bhatt G, Gujre N, Mitra S, Swaminathan R, Limaye AM, Rangan L. Karanjin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112641. [PMID: 33421890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Karanjin [IUPAC: 3-methoxy-2-phenylfuro-(2,3-h-chrome-4-ol)], a bioactive furanoflavonoid and a potent biomolecule, was first isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L.). The crude extracts from root, leaf and seed having active constituent karanjin is highly valued in both traditional and modern knowledge systems. This review highlights, critically assesses, and presents the probable biosynthetic pathways of karanjin and its isolation methodologies with a view to actualizing its full potential. Karanjin exhibits multiple health benefits and applications, with evident anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-colitis, anti-ulcer, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Consequently, the physiochemical properties and biological effects of karanjin have been detailed and analyzed. The efficacy of karanjin has been attenuated by toxicological studies that have proven karanjin to be non-toxic at physiological conditions as substantiated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the multiple insect repellent/insecticidal properties of karanjin and its availability as an acaricide/bio-insecticide have been reviewed. This review article underscores and endorses the immense potential for novel drug leads in various medicinal and industrial applications, suggesting a deeper insight into its metabolic fate, bioavailability, and cellular effects that await further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - G Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - N Gujre
- Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - S Mitra
- Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - A M Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - L Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India; Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Determining Pharmacological Mechanisms of Chinese Incompatible Herbs Fuzi and Banxia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systems Pharmacology-Based Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:8365603. [PMID: 33488748 PMCID: PMC7790578 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8365603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) and Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) are among the 18 incompatible medications that are forbidden from use in one formulation. However, there is increasing evidence implying that this prohibition is not entirely correct. According to the theory of Chinese traditional medicine, they can be used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, we analyzed the possible approaches for the treatment of COPD using network pharmacology. The active compounds of Fuzi and Banxia (FB) were collected, and their targets were identified. COPD-related targets were obtained by analyzing the differentially expressed genes between COPD patients and healthy individuals, which were expressed using a Venn diagram of COPD and FB. Protein-protein interaction data and network regarding COPD and drugs used were obtained. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted. The gene-pathway network was constructed to screen the key target genes. In total, 34 active compounds and 47 targets of FB were identified; moreover, 7,153 differentially expressed genes were identified between COPD patients and healthy individuals. The functional annotations of target genes were found to be related to mechanisms such as transcription, cytosol, and protein binding; furthermore, 68 pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, apoptosis, and measles were significantly enriched. FOS CASP3, VEGFA, ESR1, and PTGS2 were the core genes in the gene-pathway network of FB for the treatment of COPD. Our results indicated that the effect of FB against COPD may involve the regulation of immunological function through several specific biological processes and their corresponding pathways. This study demonstrates the application of network pharmacology in evaluating mechanisms of action and molecular targets of herb-opponents FB.
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Shi S, Luo H, Wang L, Li H, Liang Y, Xia J, Wang Z, Cheng B, Huang L, Liao G, Xu B. Combined inhibition of RNA polymerase I and mTORC1/2 synergize to combat oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110906. [PMID: 33190037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in head and neck cancer patients worldwide. This malignant disease is challenging to treat because of the lack of effective curative strategies and the high incidence of recurrence. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a single and dual approach targeting ribosome biogenesis and protein translation to treat OSCC associated with the copy number variation (CNV) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Here, we found that primary OSCC tumors frequently exhibited a partial loss of 45S rDNA copy number and demonstrated a high susceptibility to CX5461 (a selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase I) and the coadministration of CX5461 and INK128 (a potent inhibitor of mTORC1/2). Combined treatment displayed the promising synergistic effects that induced cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and inhibited cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, INK128 compromised NHEJ-DNA repair pathway to reinforce the antitumor activity of CX5461. In vivo, the cotreatment synergistically suppressed tumor growth, triggered apoptosis and strikingly extended the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, treatment with the individual compounds and coadministration appeared to reduce the incidence of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. Our study supports that the combination of CX5461 and INK128 is a novel and efficacious therapeutic strategy that can combat this cancer and that 45S rDNA may serve as a useful indicator to predict the efficacy of this cotreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwei Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huigen Luo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Li
- The Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Yujie Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linfeng Huang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Serafim C, Araruna ME, Júnior EA, Diniz M, Hiruma-Lima C, Batista L. A Review of the Role of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcer (2010-2020). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225431. [PMID: 33233494 PMCID: PMC7699562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are characterized by erosions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract that may reach the muscle layer. Their etiology is multifactorial and occurs when the balance between offensive and protective factors of the mucosa is disturbed. Peptic ulcers represent a global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide and showing high rates of recurrence. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most important predisposing factors for the development of peptic ulcers. Therefore, new approaches to complementary treatments are needed to prevent the development of ulcers and their recurrence. Natural products such as medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been widely used in experimental models of peptic ulcers. Flavonoids are among the molecules of greatest interest in biological assays due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study is a literature review of flavonoids that have been reported to show peptic ulcer activity in experimental models. Studies published from January 2010 to January 2020 were selected from reference databases. This review refers to a collection of flavonoids with antiulcer activity in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Maria Elaine Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Edvaldo Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Margareth Diniz
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
| | - Clélia Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Batista
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-32167003; Fax: +55-83-32167502
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Zhang R, Wang Z, You W, Zhou F, Guo Z, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang X. Suppressive effects of plumbagin on the growth of human bladder cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and EMT. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:520. [PMID: 33117085 PMCID: PMC7590591 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Novel chemotherapeutic drugs with good anti-tumor activity are of pressing need for bladder cancer treatment. In this study, plumbagin (PL), a natural plant-derived drug extracted from Chinese herbals, was identified as a promising candidate for human bladder cancer (BCa) chemotherapy. Methods The anti-tumor activity of PL was evaluated using a series of in vitro experiments, such as MTT, transwell assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. We established xenograft tumors in nude mice by subcutaneous injection with the human bladder cancer T24 cells. Results The results showed that PL could inhibit the proliferation, migration and survival of BCa cells (T24 and UMUC3 cells) in a time- and dose-dependent way. We found PL promotes the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which inhibits cell proliferation. In vivo, anti-tumor activity of PL was further investigated using a BCa cell xenograft mice model. To simulate clinical chemotherapy, the PL were intravenously injected with a dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 times. Compared with the blank control, the tumor weight in PL treated group decreased significantly from 0.57 ± 0.04 g to 0.21 ± 0.06 g (P < 0.001). Conclusions In our study. We found PL inhibits the proliferation of T24 and UMUC3 cells in vivo and in vitro, which may play a role through several downstream effectors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to promote the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Meanwhile, we consider that PL may inhibit the migration of bladder cancer cells via EMT suppression and induce ROS generation to make cell apoptosis. This work screened out a novel chemotherapeutic drug (plumbagin) with relatively good anti-tumor activity, which possessed great potential in BCa chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie You
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Wuhan for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Wuhan for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Wuhan for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 People's Republic of China
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Ghosh A, Roy R, Chatterjee E, Bankura B, Guru S, Panda CK. Induction of apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells by triterpenoids isolated from Holarrhena antidysenterica through differential reactive oxygen species generation. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5629-5636. [PMID: 32954865 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1819272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel triterpenoid, holarol(1),3β-lup-20(31)-en-3,29,30-triol along with one seco-triterpenoid, dihydrocanaric acid(2) and one known pentacyclic triterpenoid, betulin(3) have been isolated from Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.)Wall. (Family: Apocynaceae). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive IR, 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectrometric analysis. The optimised geometry of (1) was calculated by density-functional theory (DFT) using M06-2X hybrid functional and 6-31 G(D) basis set. The compounds showed differential cytotoxic activities in the cell lines-HeLa, EAC, Raji and T24. Seco-triterpenoid (2) showed highest sensitivity (IC50: 1.710 μg/mL) against the bladder cancer cell line T24 followed by (1) (IC50 9.698 µg/mL) and (3) (IC50 11.769 µg/mL). Compound (1) showed highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in T24 cell line followed by (3) and (2) resulting in induction of apoptosis through activation of caspase, cleavage of PARP and reduction of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Thus compounds (1), (2) along with (3) could be potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Ghosh
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Roy
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Essha Chatterjee
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswabandhu Bankura
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh Guru
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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19
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Zeng M, Su Y, Li K, Jin D, Li Q, Li Y, Zhou B. Gallic Acid Inhibits Bladder Cancer T24 Cell Progression Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Suppression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1222. [PMID: 32973496 PMCID: PMC7468429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a hydrolyzable tannin, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. This study revealed that, GA significantly inhibited T24 cells viability in a concentration- and time- dependent manner. The IC50 of GA stimulating T24 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h were 21.73, 18.62, and 11.59 µg/ml respectively, and the inhibition rate was significantly higher than the positive control drug selected for CCK-8 assay. Meanwhile, after GA treatment, the morphology of T24 cells were changed significantly. Moreover, GA significantly inhibited T24 cells proliferation and blocked T24 cells cycle in S phase (p < 0.001). GA induced T24 cells apoptosis (p < 0.001), accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization. Western blotting analysis showed that GA significantly increased Cleaved caspase-3, Bax, P53, and Cytochrome C (Cyt-c) proteins expression, and decreased Bcl-2, P-PI3K, P-Akt, P-IκBα, P-IKKα, and P-NF-κB p65 proteins expression in T24 cells (p < 0.05). Real-Time PCR results verified that GA significantly promoted Caspase-3, Bax, P53, and Cyt-c genes expression, and inhibited Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB p65 genes expression (p < 0.001). However, on the basis of GA (IC50) stimulation, NAC (an oxidative stress inhibitor) pretreatment reversed the apoptotic rate of T24 cells and the expression of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3, P53, Bcl-2 proteins, and the MMP level in T24 cells, as well as the expression of Cyt-c protein in T24 cells mitochondria and cytoplasm. In addition, GA significantly suppressed T24 cells migration and invasion ability with VEGF protein inhibition (p < 0.001). Briefly, GA can inhibit T24 cells proliferation, metastasis and promote apoptosis, and the pro-apoptotic activity is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling suppression. Our study will help in finding a safe and effective treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yongchuan, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kuangyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hubei No.3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Plumbagin Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Cisplatin by Increasing Intracellular ROS in Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5649174. [PMID: 32308804 PMCID: PMC7136784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5649174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), but its clinical efficacy is limited by drug resistance and toxic side effects. Hence, a novel compound capable of enhancing the anticancer effect of cisplatin while reducing the side effects is urgently needed. We have previously shown that plumbagin (PLB), an anticancer phytochemical, is able to inhibit the growth of TSCC in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PLB in reversing the resistance of TSCC to cisplatin as well as its molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that PLB enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy in CAL27 and cisplatin-resistant CAL27/CDDP cells. PLB could inhibit the viability and growth of TSCC cells by increasing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the combination treatment of PLB and cisplatin resulted in a synergistic inhibition of TSCC viability, apoptosis, and autophagy by increasing intracellular ROS, which may be achieved by activating JNK and inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Finally, the synergistic treatment was also demonstrated in vivo. Therefore, PLB combined with cisplatin is a potential therapeutic strategy against therapy TSCC cisplatin resistance.
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Jin Y, Liu L, Hao X, Harry DE, Zheng Y, Huang T, Huang J. Unravelling the MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Developing Pongamia Seeds by High-Throughput Small RNA Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143509. [PMID: 31319494 PMCID: PMC6678122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pongamia (Millettia pinnata syn. Pongamia pinnata) is a multipurpose biofuel tree which can withstand a variety of abiotic stresses. Commercial applications of Pongamia trees may substantially benefit from improvements in their oil-seed productivity, which is governed by complex regulatory mechanisms underlying seed development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important molecular regulators of plant development, while relatively little is known about their roles in seed development, especially for woody plants. In this study, we identified 236 conserved miRNAs within 49 families and 143 novel miRNAs via deep sequencing of Pongamia seeds sampled at three developmental phases. For these miRNAs, 1327 target genes were computationally predicted. Furthermore, 115 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) between successive developmental phases were sorted out. The DEmiR-targeted genes were preferentially enriched in the functional categories associated with DNA damage repair and photosynthesis. The combined analyses of expression profiles for DEmiRs and functional annotations for their target genes revealed the involvements of both conserved and novel miRNA-target modules in Pongamia seed development. Quantitative Real-Time PCR validated the expression changes of 15 DEmiRs as well as the opposite expression changes of six targets. These results provide valuable miRNA candidates for further functional characterization and breeding practice in Pongamia and other oilseed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuehong Hao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Yizhi Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianzi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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