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Alkandahri MY, Sadino A, Pamungkas BT, Oktoba Z, Arfania M, Yuniarsih N, Wahyuningsih ES, Dewi Y, Winarti SA, Dinita ST. Potential Nephroprotective Effect of Kaempferol: Biosynthesis, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Prospects. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:8907717. [PMID: 39377015 PMCID: PMC11458287 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8907717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney is an essential organ that is highly susceptible to cellular injury caused by various toxic substances in the blood. Several studies have shown that untreated injuries to this organ can cause glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular cell apoptosis, leading to kidney failure. Despite significant advancements in modern treatment, there is no fully effective drug for repairing its function, providing complete protection, and assisting in cell regeneration. Furthermore, some available medications have been reported to exacerbate injuries, showing the need to explore alternative treatments. Natural drugs are currently being explored as a new therapeutic strategy for managing kidney diseases. Kaempferol, a polyphenol found in plants, including vegetables, legumes, and fruits, has been extensively studied in various nephrotoxicity protocols. The compound has been reported to have potential as a nephroprotective agent with beneficial effects on various physiological pathways, such as CPL-induced kidney injury, DOX, LPO, ROS, RCC, and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study aims to provide a brief overview of the current nephroprotective effects of kaempferol, as well as its molecular mechanisms of action, biosynthesis pathways, and clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Asman Sadino
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Mathematics and Natural ScienceUniversitas Garut, Garut, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Barolym Tri Pamungkas
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Zulpakor Oktoba
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of MedicineUniversitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Maya Arfania
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nia Yuniarsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Eko Sri Wahyuningsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuliani Dewi
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Ayu Winarti
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Tantia Dinita
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Gościniak A, Formanowicz D, Cielecka-Piontek J. Natural Guardians: Natural Compounds as Radioprotectors in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6937. [PMID: 39000045 PMCID: PMC11241526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of deaths attributed to it annually. Radiotherapy, a cornerstone in cancer treatment, aims to destroy cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. However, the harmful effects of irradiation on normal cells present a formidable obstacle. To mitigate these effects, researchers have explored using radioprotectors and mitigators, including natural compounds derived from secondary plant metabolites. This review outlines the diverse classes of natural compounds, elucidating their roles as protectants of healthy cells. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential of these compounds as radioprotective agents capable of enhancing the body's resilience to radiation therapy. By integrating natural radioprotectors into cancer treatment regimens, clinicians may improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing the adverse effects on healthy tissues. Ongoing research in this area holds promise for developing complementary strategies to optimize radiotherapy efficacy and enhance patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gościniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.G.)
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.G.)
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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baenas N, Vega-García A, Manjarrez-Marmolejo J, Moreno DA, Feria-Romero IA. The preventive effects of broccoli bioactives against cancer: Evidence from a validated rat glioma model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115720. [PMID: 37839110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive and incurable diffuse gliomas constitute 80% of malignant brain tumors, and patients succumb to recurrent surgeries and drug resistance. Epidemiological research indicates that substantial consumption of fruits and vegetables diminishes the risk of developing this tumor type. Broccoli consumption has shown beneficial effects in both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. These effects are partially attributed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), which can regulate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, stimulate detoxifying enzymes, and activate cellular antioxidant defense processes. This study employs a C6 rat glioma model to assess the chemoprotective potential of aqueous extracts from broccoli seeds, sprouts, and inflorescences, all rich in SFN, and pure SFN as positive control. The findings reveal that administering a dose of 100 mg/kg of broccoli sprout aqueous extract and 0.1 mg/kg of SFN to animals for 30 days before introducing 1 × 104 cells effectively halts tumor growth and progression. This study underscores the significance of exploring foods abundant in bioactive compounds, such as derivatives of broccoli, for potential preventive integration into daily diets. Using broccoli sprouts as a natural defense against cancer development might seem idealistic, yet this investigation establishes that administering this extract proves to be a valuable approach in designing strategies for glioma prevention. Although the findings stem from a rat glioma model, they offer promising insights for subsequent preclinical and clinical research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angélica Vega-García
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manjarrez-Marmolejo
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab (LabFAS), Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo - 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Iris A Feria-Romero
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Tian E, Sharma G, Dai C. Neuroprotective Properties of Berberine: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1883. [PMID: 37891961 PMCID: PMC10604532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid natural product, is isolated primarily from Coptis chinensis and other Berberis plants. BBR possesses various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, immune-regulation, and antimicrobial activities. Growing scientific evidence underscores BBR's substantial neuroprotective potential, prompting increased interest and scrutiny. In this comprehensive review, we elucidate the neuroprotective attributes of BBR, delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms, and assess its clinical safety and efficacy. The multifaceted molecular mechanisms responsible for BBR's neuroprotection encompass the attenuation of oxidative stress, mitigation of inflammatory responses, inhibition of apoptotic pathways, facilitation of autophagic processes, and modulation of CYP450 enzyme activities, neurotransmitter levels, and gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, BBR engages numerous signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, AMPK, CREB, Nrf2, and MAPK pathways, to confer its neuroprotective effects. This comprehensive review aims to provide a substantial knowledge base, stimulate broader scientific discourse, and facilitate advancements in the application of BBR for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjie Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Chongshan Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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Kanwugu ON, Glukhareva TV. Activation of Nrf2 pathway as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress-induced diseases: Potential of astaxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109601. [PMID: 37086962 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a red-orange liposoluble carotenoid, has been the centre of considerable attention in recent years for its numerous biological activities, notably its potent antioxidant activity. It is reported that astaxanthin elicits these biological activities via a number of cellular pathways. The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is a major regulator of the antioxidant defence system of cells; it modulates the expression of a plethora of genes related to redox homeostasis as well as cellular detoxification. The pathway has received lots of attention as a prospective therapeutic target for diseases related to oxidative stress and aging. Several reports have shown that the pathway is inducible by many natural compounds. This present work reviews the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, its regulation and involvement in diseases, provides a brief overview of naturally occurring compounds as activators of the pathway as well as discusses the effect of astaxanthin on the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman N Kanwugu
- School of Natural Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Glukhareva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Gao X, Chen F, Xu X, Liu J, Dong F, Liu Y. Ro25-6981 alleviates neuronal damage and improves cognitive deficits by attenuating oxidative stress via the Nrf2/ARE pathway in ischemia/reperfusion rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106971. [PMID: 36586245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CIRI). Therefore, ameliorating oxidative damage is considered to be a beneficial strategy for the treatment of CIRI. NMDAR NR2B subunit antagonists have been reported to be beneficial for synaptic plasticity, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and cerebral ischemia. However, it remains unclear whether the NR2B subunit antagonist Ro25-6981 has any effect on CIRI. METHODS In this study, the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were used to detect spatial learning and memory. Neuronal loss was measured by Nissl staining. The expression of NSE was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The activities of MDA, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSH-Px, GST and CAT were detected by assay kits. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of hippocampal SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1. Western blotting was used to measure the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Ro25-6981. RESULTS Ro25-6981 ameliorated cognitive deficits and neuronal damage induced by ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R). Neuronal injury was decreased and the expression of NSE was increased in the CA1 regions of the hippocampus of I/R rats after Ro25-6981 treatment. Moreover, Ro25-6981 alleviated the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG by elevating the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, GST and CAT. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1 were increased in I/R rats after Ro25-6981 treatment. Furthermore, Ro25-6981 promoted the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, promoting the expression of the Nrf2 downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the improvement in the antioxidant properties of Ro25-6981 is mediated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate a favorable effect of Ro25-6981 on cognitive impairment in a CIRI rat model, rendering this NR2B subunit antagonist a promising agent for the treatment or prevention of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxian Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, 48 Taling South Road, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province 332000, China
| | - Fei Chen
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Public Experimental Research Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Laboratory of National Experimental Teaching and Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China.
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Nrf2-mediated activation of HO-1 is required in the blocking effect of compound K, a ginseng saponin metabolite, against oxidative stress damage in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:311-318. [PMID: 36926611 PMCID: PMC10014180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effects of compound K (CK) on different chronic diseases have been shown to be at least related to antioxidant action. Nevertheless, since its antioxidant activity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is still unknown, here we investigated whether CK alleviates oxidative stress-stimulated damage in RPE ARPE-19 cells. Methods The cytoprotective consequence of CK in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated cells was evaluated by cell viability, DNA damage, and apoptosis assays. Fluorescence analysis and immunoblotting were performed to investigate the inhibitory action of CK on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results H2O2-promoted cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, and apoptosis were significantly attenuated by CK in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation level and its shuttling to the nucleus were increased, which was correlated with upregulated activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, zinc protoporphyrin, a blocker of HO-1, significantly abrogated the preventive action of CK in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion This study indicates that activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling by CK plays an important role in rescuing ARPE-19 cells from oxidative cellular damage.
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Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling correlates with the preventive effect of loganin on oxidative injury in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:271-284. [PMID: 36018494 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loganin, a type of iridoid glycoside derived from Corni Fructus, is known to have beneficial effects various chronic diseases. However, studies on mechanisms related to antioxidant efficacy in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have not yet been conducted. OBJECTIVES This study was to investigate whether loganin could inhibit oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human RPE ARPE-19 cells. METHODS The preventive effect of loganin on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage and apoptosis was investigated. In addition, immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting analysis were applied to evaluate the related mechanisms. RESULTS The loss of cell viability and increased ROS accumulation in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells were significantly abrogated by loganin pretreatment, which was associated with activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Loganin also markedly attenuated H2O2-induced DNA damage, ultimately ameliorating apoptosis. In addition, H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was reversed in the presence of loganin as indicated by preservation of mitochondrial integrity, decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, reduction of caspase-3 activity and suppression of cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm. However, zinc protoporphyrin, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, remarkably alleviated the preventive effect offered by loganin against H2O2-mediated ARPE-19 cell injury, suggesting a critical role of Nrf2-mediated activation of HO-1 in the antioxidant activity of loganin. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that loganin-induced activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis is at least involved in protecting at least ARPE-19 cells from oxidative injury.
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Yang G, Yang L, Liu Q, Zhu Z, Yang Q, Liu J, Beta T. Protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on BPA-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 264:109525. [PMID: 36410639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in the environment and poses a threat to wildlife and human health. It has been reported that BPA may cause the neurotoxicity during gestational and neonatal periods. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is one of the most abundant anthocyanins that has shown multiple bio-functions. In this study, the protective effects and possible mechanism of C3G against BPA-induced neurodevelopment toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larvae were studied. The results showed that co-exposure of C3G (25 μg/mL) significantly attenuated BPA-induced deficit in locomotor behavior and restored the BPA-induced aberrant changes in brain morphology of zebrafish larvae. Further studies showed that the defects of central nervous development and the downregulated neurogenesis relative genes induced by BPA were significantly counteracted by co-exposure with 5 μg/mL of C3G. In addition, C3G (25 μg/mL) mitigated the decline of glutathione (GSH) content and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), attenuated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by BPA in zebrafish. The enhancements of the expression of genes involved in the Nrf2-ARE pathway (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, and GCLM) were also observed by co-exposure of C3G. The results indicate that C3G exerts protective effects on BPA-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity through improving transcription of neurogenesis related genes, enhancing antioxidative defense system and reducing cell apoptosis by regulation of apoptotic genes in zebrafish larvae. The results suggest that anthocyanins may play important role against the exogenous toxicity for vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lipin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jining Liu
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Rahmani S, Roohbakhsh A, Karimi G. Inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by natural compounds as a therapeutic strategy for organ injuries. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106672. [PMID: 36690165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are morphologically dynamic organelles frequently undergoing fission and fusion processes that regulate mitochondrial integrity and bioenergetics. These processes are considered critical for cell survival. The mitochondrial fission process regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. It is associated with apoptosis, while mitochondrial fusion controls the accurate distribution of mitochondrial DNA and metabolic substances across the mitochondria. Excessive mitochondrial fission results in mitochondrial structural changes, dysfunction, and cell damage. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial dynamics affect neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases along with several other diseases. Biological molecules regulating the process of mitochondrial fission are potential targets for developing therapeutic agents. Many natural products target the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission pathway, and their inhibitory effects ameliorate mitochondrial fragmentation. In this article, we reviewed the research literature that describes Drp1-dependent inhibition as a mechanism for the protective effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhao H, Yang Y, Wang S, Yang X, Zhou K, Xu C, Zhang X, Fan J, Hou D, Li X, Lin H, Tan Y, Wang S, Chu XY, Zhuoma D, Zhang F, Ju D, Zeng X, Chen YZ. NPASS database update 2023: quantitative natural product activity and species source database for biomedical research. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:D621-D628. [PMID: 36624664 PMCID: PMC9825494 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative activity and species source data of natural products (NPs) are important for drug discovery, medicinal plant research, and microbial investigations. Activity values of NPs against specific targets are useful for discovering targeted therapeutic agents and investigating the mechanism of medicinal plants. Composition/concentration values of NPs in individual species facilitate the assessments and investigations of the therapeutic quality of herbs and phenotypes of microbes. Here, we describe an update of the NPASS natural product activity and species source database previously featured in NAR. This update includes: (i) new data of ∼95 000 records of the composition/concentration values of ∼1 490 NPs/NP clusters in ∼390 species, (ii) extended data of activity values of ∼43 200 NPs against ∼7 700 targets (∼40% and ∼32% increase, respectively), (iii) extended data of ∼31 600 species sources of ∼94 400 NPs (∼26% and ∼32% increase, respectively), (iv) new species types of ∼440 co-cultured microbes and ∼420 engineered microbes, (v) new data of ∼66 600 NPs without experimental activity values but with estimated activity profiles from the established chemical similarity tool Chemical Checker, (vi) new data of the computed drug-likeness properties and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties for all NPs. NPASS update version is freely accessible at http://bidd.group/NPASS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongyue Hou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxiu Li
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanbo Lin
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics & Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chu
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | | | - Fengying Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hong SH, Park C, Hwangbo H, Bang E, Kim SO, Shim JH, Park SH, Lee H, Leem SH, Kim GY, Choi YH. Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 is Involved in the Preventive Effect of Honokiol against Oxidative Damage in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Park C, Noh JS, Jung Y, Leem SH, Hyun JW, Chang YC, Kwon TK, Kim GY, Lee H, Choi YH. Fisetin Attenuated Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Damage in ARPE-19 Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Through Nrf2-Mediated Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927898. [PMID: 35784747 PMCID: PMC9243462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is a kind of bioactive flavonol, widely present in various fruits such as strawberries and apples, and is known to act as a potent free radical scavenger. However, the mechanism of action related to the antioxidant activity of this compound in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is not precisely known. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fisetin could attenuate oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity on human RPE ARPE-19 cells. To mimic oxidative stress, ARPE-19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and fisetin significantly inhibited H2O2-induced loss of cell viability and increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Fisetin also markedly attenuated DNA damage and apoptosis in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction in H2O2-treated cells was alleviated in the presence of fisetin as indicated by preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio, and suppression of cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm. In addition, fisetin enhanced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), which was associated with increased expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin, significantly reversed the protective effect of fisetin against H2O2-mediated ARPE-19 cell injury. Therefore, our results suggest that Nrf2-mediated activation of antioxidant enzyme HO-1 may play an important role in the ROS scavenging activity of fisetin in RPE cells, contributing to the amelioration of oxidative stress-induced ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyesook Lee, ; Yung Hyun Choi,
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyesook Lee, ; Yung Hyun Choi,
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Wu YH, Hsieh HL. Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Neuroinflammation and Brain Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050923. [PMID: 35624787 PMCID: PMC9137505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is believed to be a crucial mechanism for the nervous system under stress conditions. HO degrades heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. These heme degradation products are involved in modulating cellular redox homeostasis. The first identified isoform of the HO system, HO-1, is an inducible protein that is highly expressed in peripheral organs and barely detectable in the brain under normal conditions, whereas HO-2 is a constitutive protein that is highly expressed in the brain. Several lines of evidence indicate that HO-1 dysregulation is associated with brain inflammation and neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. In this review, we summarize the essential roles that the HO system plays in ensuring brain health and the molecular mechanism through which HO-1 dysfunction leads to neurodegenerative diseases and disruption of nervous system homeostasis. We also provide a summary of the herbal medicines involved in the regulation of HO-1 expression and explore the current situation regarding herbal remedies and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8999 (ext. 5421)
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Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of functional foods against Parkinson's disease: A narrative review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1952-1989. [PMID: 35244296 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Persian Medicine (PM), PD (brain-based tremor) is a known CNS disorder with several therapeutic and preventive options. In their medical textbooks and pharmacopeias, Persian great scientists such as Rhazes (854-925 AD), Avicenna (980-1037 AD), and Jorjani (1042-1136 AD), have discussed pharmacological and nutritional strategies for the prevention, slowing progression, and treatment of PD. In the present study, we surveyed plant- and animal-based foods recommended by PM for the prevention and treatment of CNS-related tremors. In vivo and in-vitro pharmacological evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PM-recommended foods in prevention and alleviating PD, major active phytochemicals along with the relevant mechanisms of action were studied. Several PM plants possess potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and PD preventing properties. Garlic and allicin, cabbage and isothiocyanates, chickpea seed and its O-methylated isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin, cinnamon, and cinnamaldehyde, saffron and its crocin, crocetin, and safranal, black cumin and its thymoquinone, black pepper and piperine, pistachio and genistein and daidzein, and resveratrol are among the most effective dietary itemsagainst PD. They act through attenuating neurotoxin-induced memory loss and behavioral impairment, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell death. PM-recommended foods can help alleviate PD progression and also discovering and developing new neuroprotective anti-PD pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Deep Learning-Assisted Repurposing of Plant Compounds for Treating Vascular Calcification: An In Silico Study with Experimental Validation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4378413. [PMID: 35035662 PMCID: PMC8754599 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4378413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification (VC) constitutes subclinical vascular burden and increases cardiovascular mortality. Effective therapeutics for VC remains to be procured. We aimed to use a deep learning-based strategy to screen and uncover plant compounds that potentially can be repurposed for managing VC. Methods We integrated drugome, interactome, and diseasome information from Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), DrugBank, PubChem, Gene Ontology (GO), and BioGrid to analyze drug-disease associations. A deep representation learning was done using a high-level description of the local network architecture and features of the entities, followed by learning the global embeddings of nodes derived from a heterogeneous network using the graph neural network architecture and a random forest classifier established for prediction. Predicted results were tested in an in vitro VC model for validity based on the probability scores. Results We collected 6,790 compounds with available Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) data, 11,958 GO terms, 7,238 diseases, and 25,482 proteins, followed by local embedding vectors using an end-to-end transformer network and a node2vec algorithm and global embedding vectors learned from heterogeneous network via the graph neural network. Our algorithm conferred a good distinction between potential compounds, presenting as higher prediction scores for the compound categories with a higher potential but lower scores for other categories. Probability score-dependent selection revealed that antioxidants such as sulforaphane and daidzein were potentially effective compounds against VC, while catechin had low probability. All three compounds were validated in vitro. Conclusions Our findings exemplify the utility of deep learning in identifying promising VC-treating plant compounds. Our model can be a quick and comprehensive computational screening tool to assist in the early drug discovery process.
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Therapeutic benefits of flavonoids against neuroinflammation: a systematic review. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:111-136. [PMID: 35031904 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of natural polyphenolic compounds reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Flavonoids possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immuno-modulation properties. Intriguingly, the importance of flavonoids in different neurological disorders is gaining more attention due to the safety, better pharmacokinetic profile and blood-brain barrier penetration, cost-effectiveness and readiness for clinical uses/trials. Many in vitro and in vivo research studies have established the neuroprotective mechanism of flavonoids in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The present review summarizes the benefits of various classes of flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavanols), chemical nature, classification, their occurrence and distribution, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. The manuscript also presents available evidences relating to the role of flavonoids in regulating key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway involved in neuroinflammation associated with major neurological disorders. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed central, Springer search and Web of science. Chemical structures used in the present analysis were drawn using Chemdraw Professional 15.0 software. This collective information provides comprehensive knowledge on disease pathways and therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in neurological disorders, druggability and future scope for research.
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Advances in the role of natural products in human gene expression. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu J, Li Y, Pu Q, Qiu H, Di D, Cao Y. A polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L.: Structure and protective effects against oxidative stress and high-glucose-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:111-120. [PMID: 34968548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are beneficial for vision; however, relevant research has mainly focused on entire crude polysaccharides, with the basis and exact structure of the polysaccharide rarely explored. In this study, LICP009-3F-2a, a novel polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L., was separated and then purified using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characteristics were investigated using chemical and spectroscopic methods, which revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has an Mw of 13720 Da and is an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of rhamnose (39.1%), arabinose (7.4%), galactose (22.5%), glucose (8.3%), galacturonic acid (13.7%), and glucuronic acid (4.0%). Linkage and NMR data revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has the following backbone: →2)-α-L-Rha-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha- (1→4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with three main branches, including: α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6) -β-D-Galp-(1→. Differential scanning colorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that LICP009-3F-2a is thermally stable, while X-ray diffractometry showed that LICP009-3F-2a has a semi-crystalline structure. In addition, LICP009-3F-2a protects ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by regulating the expression of antioxidant SOD1 and CAT enzymes and down-regulating MMP2 expression. Moreover, LICP009-3F-2a promotes the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and protects ARPE-19 cells from hyperglycemia by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of Crocus sativus Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010010. [PMID: 35011243 PMCID: PMC8746171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. Crocus sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of C. sativus leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in Crocus leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC50 = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that Crocus leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
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Huang C, Wen Z, Niu J, Lin S, Wang W. Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Novel Insight Into the Roles of Bone Endothelial Cells in Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:777697. [PMID: 34917616 PMCID: PMC8670327 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.777697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a disease characterized by the collapse of the femoral head. SONFH occurs due to the overuse of glucocorticoids (GCs) in patients with immune-related diseases. Among various pathogenesis proposed, the mechanism related to impaired blood vessels is gradually becoming the most convincing hypothesis. Bone endothelial cells including bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Therefore, bone endothelial cells are key regulators in the occurrence and progression of SONFH. Impaired angiogenesis, abnormal apoptosis, thrombosis and fat embolism caused by the dysfunctions of bone endothelial cells are considered to be the pathogenesis of SONFH. In addition, even with high disability rates, SONFH lacks effective therapeutic approach. Icariin (ICA, a flavonoid extracted from Epimedii Herba), pravastatin, and VO-OHpic (a potent inhibitor of PTEN) are candidate reagents to prevent and treat SONFH through improving above pathological processes. However, these reagents are still in the preclinical stage and will not be widely used temporarily. In this case, bone tissue engineering represented by co-transplantation of bone endothelial cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may be another feasible therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Subin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hadrich F, Chamkha M, Sayadi S. Protective effect of olive leaves phenolic compounds against neurodegenerative disorders: Promising alternative for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases modulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112752. [PMID: 34871668 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to review literature on compounds extracted from olive tree leaves, such as simple phenols (hydroxytyrosol) and flavonoids (Apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin.) and their diverse pharmacological activities as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. In addition, the study discussed the key mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects. This study adopted an approach of collecting data through the databases provided by ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. This review revealed that there was an agreement on the great impact of olive tree leaves phenolic compounds on many metabolic syndromes as well as on the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson. These findings would be of great importance for the use of olive tree leaves extracts as a food supplement and/or a source of drugs for many diseases. In addition, this review would of great help to beginning researchers in the field since it would offer them a general overview of the studies undertaken in the last two decades on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hadrich
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center of Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Priddy C, Li J. The role of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling cascade in mechanobiology and bone health. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101149. [PMID: 34869801 PMCID: PMC8626578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with advancements in modern medicine, bone health is becoming an increasingly prevalent concern among a global population with an ever-growing life expectancy. Countless factors contribute to declining bone strength, and age exacerbates nearly all of them. The detrimental effects of bone loss have a profound impact on quality of life. As such, there is a great need for full exploration of potential therapeutic targets that may provide antiaging benefits and increase the life and strength of bone tissues. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a promising avenue of this research. The cytoprotective and antioxidant functions of this pathway have been shown to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress on bone tissues, but the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet fully understood. Presently, refined animal and loading models are allowing exploration into the effect of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in a tissue-specific or even cell-specific manner. In addition, Nrf2 activators currently undergoing clinical trials can be utilized to investigate the particular cellular mechanisms at work in this cytoprotective cascade. Although the timing and dosing of treatment with Nrf2 activators need to be further investigated, these activators have great potential to be used clinically to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Priddy
- Department of Biology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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25
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Yarmohammadi F, Karbasforooshan H, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Inflammation suppression in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: natural compounds as therapeutic options. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2003-2011. [PMID: 34350498 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent; however, the accompanying cardiotoxicity is a significant complication of the usefulness of treatment with DOX. Multiple mechanisms have been suggested for this often fatal side effect, one of which is inflammation. Several pathways with different targets have been reported to result in DOX-induced heart inflammation. Some natural occurring compounds (NCs) have been reported to interact with the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through targeting one or more of several pathways, including the Nrf2/NF-kB, TLR-4/NF-kB, MAPK/NF-kB, and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. This article reviews several of these pathways and the potential protective effect of some NCs against the cardiac inflammation induced by DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hedyieh Karbasforooshan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111906. [PMID: 34328092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidities and mortalities in the world. Flavonoids are phytochemicals that possess various health-promoting impacts. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid isolated from diverse fruits, vegetables, and even mushrooms, has several pharmacological activities comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The current study was designed to review the relationship between chrysin administration and neurological complications by discussing the feasible mechanism and signaling pathways. Herein, we mentioned the sources, pharmacological properties, chemistry, and drug delivery systems associated with chrysin pharmacotherapy. The role of chrysin was discussed in depression, anxiety, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The findings indicate that chrysin has protective effects against neurological conditions by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. However, more studies should be done to clear the neuroprotective effects of chrysin.
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Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Protective effects of curcumin on chemical and drug-induced cardiotoxicity: a review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1341-1353. [PMID: 33666716 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a major adverse effect that can be induced by both therapeutic agents and industrial chemicals. The pathogenesis of such cardiac damage is multifactorial, often injuring the cardiac tissue by generating free radicals, oxidative stress, and/or inflammation. Curcumin (CUR) is a bright yellow chemical produced by Curcuma longa plants. It is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a member of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. Administration of CUR has been reported to ameliorate the chemical and drug-induced cardiac injury in several studies. CUR has been suggested to act as an effective candidate against oxidative stress and inflammation in heart tissue via regulation of Nrf2 and suppression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes. The anti-apoptotic properties of CUR have also been reported to modulate the AMPK, Akt, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways. This review explores the potential protective effects of CUR regarding the detrimental effects often observed in cardiac tissue following exposure to several chemicals including drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Molaei E, Molaei A, Abedi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Nephroprotective activity of natural products against chemical toxicants: The role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3362-3384. [PMID: 34136201 PMCID: PMC8194945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy can occur following exposure of the kidneys to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to intracellular catabolism or exogenous toxicant exposure. Many natural products (NPs) with antioxidant properties have been used to demonstrate that oxidative damage-induced nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated or at least reduced through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression of the antioxidant response elements (ARE). Nrf2 is involved in the cellular antioxidant-detoxification machinery. Nrf2 activation is a major mechanism of nephroprotective activity for these NPs, which facilitates its entry into the nucleus, primarily by inhibiting Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The purpose of this article was to review the peer-reviewed literature of NPs that have shown mitigating effects on renal disorder by stimulating Nrf2 and thereby suggesting potential new therapeutic or prophylactic strategies against kidney-damaging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Molaei
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Molaei
- Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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29
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Rahman MA, Dash R, Sohag AAM, Alam M, Rhim H, Ha H, Moon IS, Uddin MJ, Hannan MA. Prospects of Marine Sterols against Pathobiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacological Insights and Technological Advances. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030167. [PMID: 33804766 PMCID: PMC8003995 DOI: 10.3390/md19030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognition, mostly affecting the elderly. Numerous functional bioactives have been reported in marine organisms, and anti-Alzheimer's agents derived from marine resources have gained attention as a promising approach to treat AD pathogenesis. Marine sterols have been investigated for several health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-aging, and anti-Alzheimer's activities, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Marine sterols interact with various proteins and enzymes participating via diverse cellular systems such as apoptosis, the antioxidant defense system, immune response, and cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we briefly overview the potential of marine sterols against the pathology of AD and provide an insight into their pharmacological mechanisms. We also highlight technological advances that may lead to the potential application of marine sterols in the prevention and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (R.D.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea;
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (R.D.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.J.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.J.U.); (M.A.H.)
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30
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Singh S, Nagalakshmi D, Sharma KK, Ravichandiran V. Natural antioxidants for neuroinflammatory disorders and possible involvement of Nrf2 pathway: A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06216. [PMID: 33659743 PMCID: PMC7890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) play a crucial role in cellular redox and metabolic system. Activation of Nrf2 may be an effective therapeutic approach for neuroinflammatory disorders, through activation of antioxidant defences system, lower the inflammation, line up the mitochondrial function, and balancing of protein homeostasis. Various recent studies revealed that many of active substance obtained from plants have been found to activate the Nrf2 and to exert neuroprotective effects in various experimental models, raising the possibility that activation of Nrf2 may be an effective therapeutic approaches for neuroinflammatory disorders. The objective of this review was to evaluate the neuroprotective property of natural substance against neuroinflammatory disorders by reviewing the studies done till today. The outcomes of various in vitro and in vivo examinations have shown that natural compounds producing neuroprotective effects in neuronal system via activation of Nrf2. Herein, we also reviewed the studies to understand the role of Nrf2 for curing CNS disorders. Here we can conclude, herbal/natural moieties having potency to fight and prevent from neuroinflammatory disorders due to their abilities to activate Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Devarapati Nagalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - K K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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31
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Xanthis V, Fitsiou E, Voulgaridou GP, Bogadakis A, Chlichlia K, Galanis A, Pappa A. Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Potential of the Essential Oil Pistacia lentiscus var . chia and Its Major Components Myrcene and α-Pinene. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010127. [PMID: 33477450 PMCID: PMC7830477 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant, cytoprotective, and wound-healing potential of the essential oil from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (mastic oil) was evaluated, along with that of its major components, myrcene and α-pinene. Antioxidant potential was monitored as: (i) direct antioxidant activity as assessed by 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ABTS assays; (ii) DNA damage protection activity; and (iii) cytoprotective activity as assessed via induction of transcription of genes related to the antioxidant response in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The cytoprotective potential of the test substances was further evaluated against ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)- or H2O2-induced oxidative damage, whereas their regenerative capability was accessed by monitoring the wound closure rate in HaCaT. Μastic oil and major components did not show significant direct antioxidant activity, however they increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant response genes, suggesting indirect antioxidant activity. Treatment of HaCaT with the test substances before and after UVB irradiation resulted in increased cell viability in the cases of pre-treatment with mastic oil or post-treatment with myrcene. Increased cytoprotection was also observed in the case of cell treatment with mastic oil or its major components prior to H2O2 exposure. Finally, mastic oil and myrcene demonstrated a favorable dose-dependent effect for cell migration and wound closure. Collectively, mastic essential oil may exert its promising cytoprotective properties through indirect antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex Galanis
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-25510-30634 (A.G.); +30-25510-30625 (A.P.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-25510-30634 (A.G.); +30-25510-30625 (A.P.)
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32
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Zhang W, Feng C, Jiang H. Novel target for treating Alzheimer's Diseases: Crosstalk between the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101207. [PMID: 33144123 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (henceforth, "the Nrf2 pathway") and autophagy are major intracellular defence systems that combat oxidative damage and maintain homeostasis. p62/SQSTM1, a ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptor protein, links the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy. Phosphorylation of p62 dramatically enhances its affinity for Keap1, which induces Keap1 to release Nrf2, and the p62-Keap1 heterodimer recruits LC3 and mediates the permanent degradation of Keap1 in the selective autophagy pathway. Eventually, Nrf2 accumulates in the cytoplasm and then translocates into the nucleus to activate the transcription of downstream genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, which protect cells from oxidative damage. Since Nrf2 also upregulates the expression of the p62 gene, a p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback loop is created that further enhances the protective effect on cells. Studies have shown that the p62-activated noncanonical Nrf2 pathway is an important marker of neurodegenerative diseases. The p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback loop and the Nrf2 pathway are involved in eliminating the ROS and protein aggregates induced by AD. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback loop, which is a bridge between the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy, may be a potential target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Li X, Qin X, Tian J, Gao X, Wu X, Du G, Zhou Y. Liquiritin protects PC12 cells from corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity via regulation of metabolic disorders, attenuation ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, activation Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, and inhibition mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111801. [PMID: 33035630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquiritin, a flavone derived from the medicine food homology plant liquorice, possesses neuroprotective. However, the neuroprotective mechanism is not clear. In this study, metabolomics based LC-MS was performed to discover the metabolite changes in PC12 cells treated with corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity after liquiritin treatment. A total of 30 metabolites were identified as differential metabolites. Among them, 11 metabolites were regulated by liquiritin, and involved in the D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, etc. Based on the results of metabolomics, three cell signaling pathways related to these metabolic pathways were verified. The results showed that the ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway related to the D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism was attenuated by liquiritin via down-regulation phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-IκBα, phospho-NF-κB protein expression levels. Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Additionally, liquiritin inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis by decreasing the Ca2+ concentration, improving MMP, up-regulating Bcl-2, and down-regulating Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved-Caspase-3 expression levels. These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanisms of liquiritin are connected to the regulation of metabolic disorders, activation Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, attenuation ERK1/2/NF-κB pathway, and inhibition mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xingkang Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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Yarmohammadi F, Rezaee R, Karimi G. Natural compounds against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A review on the involvement of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1163-1175. [PMID: 32985744 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is the main concern for long-term use of the doxorubicin (DOX). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leads to oxidative stress that significantly contributes to the cardiac damage induced by DOX. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) acts as a protective player against DOX-induced myocardial oxidative stress. Several natural compounds (NCs) with anti-oxidative effects, were examined to suppress DOX cardiotoxicity such as asiatic acid, α-linolenic acid, apigenin, baicalein, β-lapachone, curdione, dioscin, ferulic acid, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, genistein, ginsenoside Rg3, indole-3-carbinol, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, neferine, p-coumaric acid, pristimerin, punicalagin, quercetin, sulforaphane, and tanshinone IIA. The present article, reviews NCs that showed protective effects against DOX-induced cardiac injury through induction of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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35
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mangiferin offers protection against deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals. Phytother Res 2020; 35:810-822. [PMID: 32961631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF) is a polyphenolic C-glucosyl-xanthone extracted from the mango tree (Mangifera indica). MGF has shown diverse effects such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating properties. MGF also has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways. In this review, we examined and evaluated the literature dealing with the protective effects of MGF against various chemical toxicities. Our literature review indicated that the MGF-induced protective effects against the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and environmental chemicals were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (along with enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and the MAPK survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li T, Wang W. Salidroside shows anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway in a pentylenetetrazol-kindling epileptic model. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:14-20. [PMID: 32800786 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence points towards oxidative stress and neuroinflammation being major processes associated with brain dysfunction in epilepsy. Salidroside reportedly possesses anti-oxidative activity and neuroprotective potential, in addition to exerting an anti-neuroinflammatory response. This study was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective role of salidroside in rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling and to explore the underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats were administered a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg) every other day for 15 injections, and salidroside (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally along with alternate-day PTZ. The seizure degree, cognitive function, and number of hippocampal neurons were investigated. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor- antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) signaling pathways, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines were also observed. Our study showed that salidroside treatment suppressed the kindling acquisition process, ameliorated cognitive impairment, and rescued the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA3 regions. Salidroside treatment could activate the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway, and suppressed oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Our findings demonstrated that salidroside exerted anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects in epileptic rats by activating the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Wu
- Health management department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace Clinical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University & Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yarui Wu
- Health management department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace Clinical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Inovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Inovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Song XY, Guo R, Qi XL, Han FY, Lin B, Huang XX, Yao GD, Song SJ. Terpenoids from stigma maydis (Zea mays L.) alleviate hydrogen peroxide-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury by activating Nrf2. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104131. [PMID: 32738569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Five terpenoids (1-5), including three new ent-kaurane diterpenoids (1-3), one new ent-rosane type diterpenoid (4) and one known triterpenoid (5), were isolated from stigma maydis (Zea mays L.). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The relative configurations of stigmanes A-D (1-4) were determined by NOESY experiments. In addition, the relative configuration of stigmane D (4) was further established by NMR calculations. The absolute configurations of these compounds were identified by a comparison of experimental and calculated specific rotations. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds against H2O2-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated, and the results showed that among the compounds, 2 exhibited the most significant neuroprotection. Further study demonstrated that 2 could activate nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2), downregulate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and increase antioxidant enzyme activities in SH-SY5Y cells. However, the neuroprotective effect was reversed when Nrf2 was silenced. In conclusion, this study suggested that terpenoids from stigma maydis exerted neuroprotective effects through Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Qi
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Activation of Nrf2 by Natural Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Approach for Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144875. [PMID: 32664226 PMCID: PMC7402299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathological subtypes of stroke are ischemic stroke, the most frequent, and hemorrhagic stroke. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates redox homeostasis. In stress conditions, Nrf2 translocates inside the nucleus and induces the transcription of enzymes involved in counteracting oxidative stress, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, regulators of inflammation, and others. Different natural compounds, including food and plant-derived components, were shown to be able to activate Nrf2, mediating an antioxidant response. Some of these compounds were tested in stroke experimental models showing several beneficial actions. In this review, we focused on the studies that evidenced the positive effects of natural bioactive compounds in stroke experimental models through the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, different natural compounds can activate Nrf2 through multiple pathways, inducing a strong antioxidant response associated with the beneficial effects against stroke. According to several studies, the combination of different bioactive compounds can lead to a better neuroprotection. In conclusion, natural bioactive compounds may represent new therapeutic strategies against stroke.
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Trostnikov MV, Veselkina ER, Krementsova AV, Boldyrev SV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. Modulated Expression of the Protein Kinase GSK3 in Motor and Dopaminergic Neurons Increases Female Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32695143 PMCID: PMC7339944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes express multiple transcripts and proteins, and a sophisticated gene expression strategy plays a crucial role in ensuring the cell-specificity of genetic information and the correctness of phenotypes. The Drosophila melanogaster gene shaggy encodes several isoforms of the conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is vitally important for multiple biological processes. To characterize the phenotypic effects of differential shaggy expression, we explored how the multidirectional modulation of the expression of the main GSK3 isoform, Shaggy-PB, in different tissues and cells affects lifespan. To this end, we used lines with transgenic constructs that encode mutant variants of the protein. The effect of shaggy misexpression on lifespan depended on the direction of the presumed change in GSK3 activity and the type of tissue/cell. The modulation of GSK3 activity in motor and dopaminergic neurons improved female lifespan but caused seemingly negative changes in the structural (mitochondrial depletion; neuronal loss) and functional (perturbed locomotion) properties of the nervous system, indicating the importance of analyzing the relationship between lifespan and healthspan in invertebrate models. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular and cellular bases of lifespan extension, demonstrating that the fine-tuning of transcript-specific shaggy expression in individual groups of neurons is sufficient to provide a sex-specific increase in survival and slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Trostnikov
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R Veselkina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Krementsova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Enzymatic and Catalytic Reactions, N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan V Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Roshina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Pasyukova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Ciampi E, Uribe-San-Martin R, Cárcamo C, Cruz JP, Reyes A, Reyes D, Pinto C, Vásquez M, Burgos RA, Hancke J. Efficacy of andrographolide in not active progressive multiple sclerosis: a prospective exploratory double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:173. [PMID: 32380977 PMCID: PMC7203851 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune mediated disease and the progressive phase appears to have significant neurodegenerative mechanisms. The classification of the course of progressive MS (PMS) has been re-organized into categories of active vs. not active inflammatory disease and the presence vs. absence of gradual disease progression. Clinical trial experience to date in PMS with anti-inflammatory medications has shown limited effect. Andrographolide is a new class of anti-inflammatory agent, that has been proposed as a potential drug for autoimmune disorders, including MS. In the present trial, we perform an exploratory pilot study on the efficacy and safety of andrographolide (AP) compared to placebo in not active PMS. METHODS A pilot clinical trial using 140 mg oral AP or placebo twice daily for 24 months in patients with not active primary or secondary progressive MS was conducted. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean percentage brain volume change (mPBVC). Secondary efficacy endpoints included 3-month confirmed disability progression (3-CDP) and mean EDSS change. RESULTS Forty-four patients were randomized: 23 were assigned to the AP group, and 21 were assigned to the placebo group. The median baseline EDSS of both groups was 6.0. Annualized mPBVC was - 0.679% for the AP group and - 1.069% for the placebo group (mean difference: -0.39; 95% CI [- 0.836-0.055], p = 0.08, relative reduction: 36.5%). In the AP group, 30% had 3-CDP compared to 41% in the placebo group (HR: 0.596; 95% CI [0.200-1.777], p = 0.06). The mean EDSS change was - 0.025 in the AP group and + 0.352 in the placebo group (mean difference: 0.63, p = 0.042). Adverse events related to AP were mild rash and dysgeusia. CONCLUSIONS AP was well tolerated and showed a potential effect in reducing brain atrophy and disability progression, that need to be further evaluated in a larger clinical trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02273635 retrospectively registered on October 24th, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Ciampi
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile. .,Neurology, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Av. Concha y Toro, 3459, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Reinaldo Uribe-San-Martin
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile.,Neurology, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Av. Concha y Toro, 3459, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Cárcamo
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Pablo Cruz
- Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Reyes
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Reyes
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Pinto
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Vásquez
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay, 362, 5° floor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia, 613, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan Hancke
- Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia, 613, Valdivia, Chile
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Hannan MA, Sohag AAM, Dash R, Haque MN, Mohibbullah M, Oktaviani DF, Hossain MT, Choi HJ, Moon IS. Phytosterols of marine algae: Insights into the potential health benefits and molecular pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153201. [PMID: 32276177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine algae are rich in some unique biologically active secondary metabolites having diverse pharmacological benefits. Of these, sterols comprise a group of functional lipid compounds that have attracted much attention to natural product scientists. PURPOSE This review was aimed to update information on the health effects of algae-derived phytosterols and their molecular interactions in various aspects of human health and diseases and to address some future perspectives that may open up a new dimension of pharmacological potentials of algal sterols. METHODS A literature-based search was carried out to retrieve published research information on the potential health effects of algal phytosterols with their pharmacological mechanisms from accessible online databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the key search terms of 'marine algae sterol' and 'health potentials such as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory or anti-Alzheimer's or anti-obesity or cholesterol homeostasis or hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, etc.' RESULTS Phytosterols of marine algae, particularly fucosterol, have been investigated for a plethora of health benefits, including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-Alzheimer's, antiaging, anticancer, and hepatoprotection, among many others, which are attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cholesterol-lowering properties, indicating their potentiality as therapeutic leads. These sterols interact with enzymes and various other proteins that are actively participating in different cellular pathways, including antioxidant defense system, apoptosis and cell survival, metabolism, and homeostasis. CONCLUSION In this review, we briefly overview the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and distribution of algal sterols, and provide critical insights into their potential health effects and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms, beyond the well-known cholesterol-lowering paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Nazmul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
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PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic attenuates GC-associated endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction and osteonecrosis of the femoral head via activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:140. [PMID: 32228695 PMCID: PMC7106818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoid (GC)-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is the most common in non-traumatic ONFH. Despite a strong relationship between GC and ONFH, the detailed mechanisms have remained elusive. Recent studies have shown that GC could directly injure the blood vessels and reduce blood supply in the femoral head. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which were inhibited quantitatively and functionally during ONFH, play an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of vascular endothelium. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that promotes cell apoptosis, and its expression was found to be elevated in GC-associated ONFH patients. However, whether direct inhibition of PTEN attenuates GC-associated apoptosis and dysfunction of the EPCs remains largely unknown. Methods We investigated the effect of, VO-OHpic, a potent inhibitor of PTEN, in attenuating GC-associated apoptosis and dysfunction of EPCs and the molecular mechanism. SD rats were used to study the effect of VO-OHpic on angiogenesis and osteonecrosis in vivo. Results The results revealed that methylprednisolone (MPS) obviously inhibit angiogenesis of EPCs by inducing apoptosis, destroying the normal mitochondrial structure, and disrupting function of mitochondria. VO-OHpic treatment is able to reverse the harmful effects by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Si-Nrf2 transfection significantly reduced the protective effects of VO-OHpic on EPCs. Our in vivo studies also showed that intraperitoneal injection of VO-OHpic obviously attenuates the osteonecrosis of the femoral head induced by MPS and potently increases the blood supply in the femoral head. Conclusion Taken together, the data suggests that inhibition of PTEN with VO-OHpic attenuates apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis of EPCs in vitro via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, VO-OHpic also mitigates GC-associated ONFH and potentiates angiogenesis in the femoral head.
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